Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Langues D'oïl PDF
Langues D'oïl PDF
Geographic
distribution:
Switzerland
Linguistic classification:
Indo-European
Italic
Romance
Western
Gallo-Romance
Ol
Proto-language:
Old French
Subdivisions:
see below
Glottolog:
oila1234
[1]
{{{mapalt}}}
The geographical spread of the Ol languages (other than French) can be seen
in shades of green and yellow on this map
Langue d'ol
In the singular, Langue d'ol refers to the mutually intelligible linguistic
variants of romana lingua spoken since the 9th century in northern
France and southern Belgium (Wallonia), since the 10th century in the
Channel Islands, and between the 11th and 14th centuries in England
(the Anglo-Norman language). Langue d'ol, the term itself, has been
used in the singular since the 12th century to denote this ancient
linguistic grouping as a whole. With these qualifiers, langue d'ol
sometimes is used to mean the same as Old French (see History
below).
Ol dialects
In the plural, Ol dialects refer to the varieties of the ancient langue d'ol.
Ol languages
In the plural, Ol languages refer to those modern-day descendants that
evolved separately from the varieties of the ancient langue d'ol.
Consequently, langues d'ol today may apply either: to all the modern-day
languages of this family except the French language; or to this family
including French. "Ol dialects" or "French dialects" are also used to refer
to the Ol languages except Frenchas some extant Ol languages are
very close to modern French. Because the term dialect is sometimes
considered pejorative, there is a trend today among French linguists to
refer to these languages as langues d'ol rather than dialects.
Varieties
Development
For the history of phonology, orthography, syntax and morphology: see
History of the French language and the relevant individual Ol language
articles.
Each of the Ol languages has developed in its own way from the
common ancestor, and division of the development into periods varies
according to the individual histories. Modern linguistics uses the
following terms:
Old French, Old Norman etc. for the 9th13th centuries.
And then for French:
Middle French for the period 14th15th centuries.
16th century: franais renaissance (Renaissance French).
17th to 18th century: franais classique (Classical French).
History
Romana lingua
In the 9th century, romana lingua (the term used in the Oaths of
Strasbourg of 842) was the first of the Romance languages to be
recognized by its speakers as a distinct language, probably because it
was the most different from Latin compared with the other Romance
languages (see History of the French language).
Langue d'ol
By late- or post-Roman times Vulgar Latin had developed two distinctive
terms for signifying assent (yes): hoc ille ("this (is) it") and hoc ("this"),
which became ol and oc, respectively. Subsequent development
changed "ol" into "oui", as in modern French. The term langue d'ol itself
was first used in the 12th century, referring to the Old French linguistic
grouping noted above. In the 14th century, the Italian poet Dante
mentioned the yes distinctions in his De vulgari eloquentia. He wrote in
Medieval Latin: "nam alii oc, alii si, alii vero dicunt oil" ("some say 'oc',
others say 'si', others say 'ol'")thereby distinguishing at least three
classes of Romance languages: oc languages (in southern France); si
languages (in Italy and Iberia) and ol languages (in northern France).
Other Romance languages derive their word for "yes" from the classical
Latin sic, "thus", such as the Italian s, Spanish and Catalan s,
Portuguese sim, and even French si (used when contradicting another's
negative assertion). Sardinian is an exception in that its word for "yes",
eja, is from neither origin. Similarly Romanian uses da for "yes", which is
of Slavic origin.[4]
However, neither lingua romana nor langue d'ol referred, at their
respective time, to a single homogeneous language but to mutually
intelligible linguistic varieties. In those times, spoken languages in
Western Europe were not codified (except Latin and Medieval Latin), the
region's population was considerably lower than today, and population
centers were more isolated from each other. As a result, mutually
spoken the variant; but today the term could be used to designate that
specific 10th-and-11th centuries variant of langue d'ol spoken in the
Paris region; both variants contributed to the koine, as both were called
French at that time.
Literature
from the early 19th century tend to focus on written texts and poetry
(see, for example, Wace and Jrriais literature).
As the vernacular Ol languages were displaced from towns, they have
generally survived to a greater extent in rural areas - hence a
preponderance of literature relating to rural and peasant themes. The
particular circumstances of the self-governing Channel Islands
developed a lively strain of political comment, and the early
industrialisation in Picardy led to survival of Picard in the mines and
workshops of the regions. The mining poets of Picardy may be
compared with the tradition of rhyming Weaver Poets of Ulster Scots in
a comparable industrial milieu.
There are some regional magazines, such as Ch'lanchron (Picard), Le
Viquet (Norman), Les Nouvelles Chroniques du Don Balleine [1]
(Jrriais), and El Bourdon (Walloon), which are published either wholly in
the respective Ol language or bilingually with French. These provide a
platform for literary writing.
Status
Apart from French, an official language in many countries (see list), the
Ol languages have enjoyed little status.
Currently Walloon, Lorrain (under the local name of Gaumais), and
Champenois have the status of regional languages of Wallonia.
The Norman languages of the Channel Islands enjoy a certain status
under the governments of their Bailiwicks and within the regional and
Inuence
Further information: Anglo-Norman language
See also
Old French
Bartsch's law
Lenga d'c
References
1. ^ Hammarstrm, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank,
Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Oil" . Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute
for the Science of Human History.
2. ^ Le Petit Robert 1, 1990
3. ^ Manuel pratique de philologie romane, Pierre Bec, 19701971
4. ^ "DA - DEX online"
Luiz
Bibliography
Paroles d'Ol, Dfense et promotion des Langues d'Ol, Mougon 1994,
ISBN 2-905061-95-2
Les langues rgionales, Jean Sibille, 2000, ISBN 2-08-035731-X
External links
Songs in ol languages