5

JIS-SCM 440

SEM
EDS

(Inclusion)

(Ingot)

(Bending

stress) Ultimate tensile

strength

th

This research investigation into the premature failure of a helical the

5 gears as some damages problem resulted in a transmission of pickup car.

The gears made from low alloy steel JIS-SCM 440 and more process of

heat treatment. Visual examination of the failed helical gear tooth showed
that a triangular piece of the gear teeth had broken off like large chips at

one end of teeth, these pieces are as wide as one-third of the face width
which the fracture surface presents typical features of fatigue failure. SEM
and EDS results indicated that the inclusion are iron oxide surrounded by
(FeSi)3C cabide. It is concluded that the gear failed by fatigue fracture.
Fatigue cracks were initiated at the inclusions and propagated through the

material until finally the gear tooth was overloaded and fractured. The
inclusions were thought to be formed during the casting of the ingot that

was used to make the gear blank, possibly due to inadequate degassing or
deoxidation of liquid steel prior to ingot casting. It is recommended that
cleaner steels be used to make such high reliability gears which could be

achieved via improved steel making practice. Analysis AGMA equation by

comparison with finite element method found bending stress are very similar

when torque is much higher than the Ultimate tensile strength makes gear

failure. The results of these analyzes will be on finding ways to prevent

malfunctioning which the main objective of this research.

Keywords: helical gear, failure, fatigue

Examination by SEM and EDS cracks of the gear will have a crack
and hole because of damage to the surface of the material which tiny holes
are a result of a rupture in the round due to deformation of the material, and

overlooks the inclusion of a mixture of oxides surrounded by carbide, prior

to incorporation into the ingot, the conclusion is that the total percentage of
oxides and carbides in the microstructure will be cause failure of the gear
tooth.

)

()

Fe3C

) Cr3C

)
BCT (body-center tetragonal)

)

()

[1] . . 1.
, 2550

[2] . .
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