Tenses

Simple present.1


.

?How to form present simple

+ Subject + verb (s) .1
) (s/es
: ) (s/es
- 1 :
(
( He , She , It
) (s/es
.
:Examples
.He plays football
. She drinks water
.It stops suddenly
2. : .
) (s/es
: Example
.Rami plays football
.Sara drinks water
The Internet stops suddenly

* ) ( ch , sh , s , o , x , z ).........(es
(wash=washes , press=presses , go=goes , fix=fixes

) watch=watches

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
*****+ Subject + verb .2
. ( s)
:

(I, you, they, we)
:Examples
. They speak English every day
. We speak English every day
.You speak English every day
.I speak English every day

Is , am , are >>>>>>>>>singular : :
( (she , he , it ( is)
: Example
. She is a student
. He is a student
. It is a nice book
.( They, we, you) are ( are)
Examples
. They are Teachers
We are Teachers
. You are Teacher
. I Am
Example
. I am from Jordan

.....................................................................................................

?When to use the present simple
/
)Actions which happen regularly (every day, every week, etc.
Example
.

They go to school every day

.
.
.He takes a shower every Friday
.
.
\ ) ,(...
Example
The sun rises from east


/ :
Nurses look after patients in hospitals
...................... .
\ :
) yearly , often , frequently , sometimes, occasionally, never , rarely
( seldom , hardly , daily , weekly , always , usually , generally

* Do / Does
do :
)(I , you , they ,we

does :
) (He , she ,it not Do / Does
Do / Does+ not
:Examples
. I do not like meat
.She does not like meat

.....................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................
?How to form questions in present simple

:
She is a Muslim

:
? + V+Subject+the rest of the sentence

?Is she a Muslim

.

.They watch the T.V every day

:
?Do you watch the T.V every day

Put the verbs in brackets into the present simple:

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.

I ______ (play) football with my friends on Sundays.

Salma ______ (walk) to school daily.
We ______ (go) to bed at 10 oclock every night.
Penguins______ (live) in the Antarctic.
Sami ______ ( not/study) Maths at university.
Heba and Lana ______ (visit) their grandparents weekly.
Sally ______ (speak) Spanish.
Ahmed ______ (do) his homework every evening.
Susan always ______ (wash) her hair .
Water ______ (boil) at 100 C.

2.Present continues
:
He/ She/ It + Is + verb+ing
I + am + verb + ing
We/ You / They + are + verb + ing
1.
The men are working on the field now .
2.
( tomorrow , tonight , next , time )
They are working on the field next week .
: *
( now, still, at the moment, at the present , in this hours , in this day , look! ,
listen! , lookout! Watchful! Becareful !)
:
agree, differ , doubt ,forget, remember ,know,mean, Notice , recognise ,
suppose , think , believe , understand

Desire, mind , hope , like ,please , prefer , want , wish ,feel , Forgive , hate ,
love , detest .

Appear, belong to ,consist of , contain , cost , depend , equal , find , mater,
seen , possess, care , refuse , have , dislike , own, gather , be

Feel , smell , taste , see, notice hear , observe , sense touch .

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Fill in the following sentences in the present progressive

They ____________________(wait) for us on the corner now.
Listen! I think the telephone______________________(ring).
I see that you_____________________(wear) your new suit today.
The boys_________(make) a lot of noise. Please tell them to be quiet.
Mr. Rami ______________(not work) in his office today.
My parents_________________(go to a concert tonight.
5

7.
The bus driver______________(not drive) carefully.
8.
_______the pupils____________(decorate) the room at the moment?
9.
You________________(not take) a shower right now.
10.
They______________(have) sales in all the big stores now.
.....................................................................................................
3. present perfect
Form
Subject
Auxiliary
Main Verb
He, she, it,

Has
Past Participle (V3)
I, you, we, they,


Have
Uses :
1. Time adverbial.

- ever
-yet

- already
- up till now
- at last
- recently

-just

- never
- so far
-lately

2.With finished or complete actions that happened in the past :

.
- , .
- I have read Romeo and Juliet. ( finished action )
- He has bought a car.
( finished action )
3. A past experience or achievement with a definite result in the present:
- , .
- I have broken my leg . ( which means I can't go skiing this year )
- I have passed my driving test. ( which means I can borrow Ahmad's car
next week)
4. With state verbs ( non-continuous verbs ).
hear

See

remember
know
believe
seem
observe

Forget
Notice
Mean
Look
Sense

love /
adore
feel
want
recognize
smell
doubt

- I have been here for three hours. ( be )

- He has seen the doctor recently. ( see )

Hate

like

Taste
Wish
Refuse
understand
Be

have
care
accept
possess
agree

.....................................................................................................
4.present perfect continuous:

Subject
He, she, it,

I, you, we, they,

Auxiliary

Main Verb

Has
Been
have

The Form :The Uses:

1. Time adverbial.

Verb 1 ( base ) + ing

+ ing

-all time this ( evening, morning .)

-all ( time , day , my life.)

- How long + have / has +Subject + been + V1+ ing .. ?
- since
- for
2. To talk about an activity which continues over a length of time:.

- It has been raining for three days.
- I have been standing here all the day.
- How long have you been working for this company?
3. To talk about an activity which may not be completed:
.
Nawal has been writing her economics essay all morning.
4.To talk about an activity which is repeated over a period of time:
.
The police have been interviewing people all week.
We have been playing tennis this week.
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5. To stress the length of time an activity has taken

- She has been training to be a doctor for six years.
- He has been studying English for four years to become a teacher.
.....................................................................................................
6.For a past activity that has some consequences in the present
- ( ) .
- .
- , :
a- You look ( happy , tired, ill, thin, angry, exhausted, fed up, )
b- You are ( happy , tired, ill, thin, angry, exhausted, fed up, ... )
- I have been running for two hours , that's why I am so tired now. ( run )
EXERCISE 1: Complete each of the following sentences by the correct form
of the verb.
1. The police have been .. people all week.(interview)
2. How long has Nawal been to be a doctor.(train)
3. Nour an essay all morning. ( be, write )
4.All time we .......................................... for the exams. ( be, prepare )
5.This tree ................................... here for thirty years. ( be, stand )
6. It .................................... since yesterday. ( be, rain )
7. They .......................... for the last two hours. That is why they are witty.
( be, swim )
8.The man is exhausted . He ... for 12 hours. (be, work )
9.The little boy is dirty from head to foot because he . in the mud.
(be, play )
10.How long . you .. English ? ( be, study )
11.Why don't you take a break ? You . for five hours. ( be,
study )
12.I here for three weeks. ( be )
13.The telephone for almost a minute. Why doesn't
someone answer it ? ( be, ring )
8

14.I . four classes since 8 o'clock this morning. ( have )

15.Sameer . already . that film. ( see )
16.Mary .............................. her breakfast yet. ( not, have )
17. I ............................ in Amman since 1984. ( be , live )
18.She ............................... her car for six years. ( be, drive )
19.He ............................ for an hour to get a taxi. ( be, wait )
20.The students ...........recently............... Petra . ( visit )
21. I ..........already.................... my lunch. ( have )

.....................................................................................................

5.Simple past

:
yesterday, ago, for ages, -last ( week, month, day, year, )
in ( 1900, 2000, 1988)-that (day, week, month,)

Aff. S + V2
Neg. S + didn't + V1
Que. did + S + V1 ?
1. You ...............( sing ) well last night.
2. I ...............( send ) a letter to my friend yesterday.
3. My teacher ................. ( buy ) a house two weeks ago.
4. Ali ...................( live ) in Al-Jiza in 1984.
5. Mazen ................. ( break )the window that day?
6. She ................... ( not know ) my name from the newspaper that day.
7 .Shadia ...................... (not smell ) the burning food five minute ago.
8.Rami .................... ( not close) the shop yesterday.

.....................................................................................................

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7.past perfect:
Form :-

Subject + had + p.p

:- We had eaten apples.

She had played tennis

Negation :had not

:- They had not cleaned the rooms .
Uses :
1. To clarify which of the two past actions happened first:
,
.
- Irish people emigrated because so many had died of starvation.
( People died and as a result others emigrated.)
2. To talk about a situation, state, feeling or action in the past.
- .
- Talal felt nervous because he had never flown before.
( Talal was nervous at some point in the past. The reason he was nervous
was that he had not flown before this point in time.)
- When I read the letter I couldn't stop smiling. I had passed all my exams.
3. To Provide background information about a past event:
- .
- He had completed the 1100 km journey in days.
- By 10 a.m. on the last day the clouds had disappeared and the sun had
come out.
-Before
-When

-By the time -After

-Because
( already+ never )

:
1- After + Sub + had +V3, Sub + V2
2- Before + Sub + V2, Sub + had +V3

3- By ( time) + Sub + had +V3

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4-Sub + V2, because + Sub + had +V3

5- Sub + V2, Sub + had + (already/ never) + V3
Exercise
1. After I ................... ( eat ) my breakfast , I ............. ( go ) to school .
2. Before I ..................... ( go ) to school , I ........................... ( eat ) my
breakfast..
3. When he .......................... ( arrive ), we ...................... ( phone) him.
4. He .................... ( post )the letter , after he ..( write ) it.
5. My father .( retire ) last year, he ..( work ) for the
same company all his life.
6. I ( dream ) of visiting China for many years. Last year I
.
( spend ) two months there.
7. I .. ( go ) to the doctor's this morning. I ( fall )
ill during the night.
8. I met her during the trip; I . never . her before.(see)
9. I arrived to school late. The lesson .. already .. .(begin)
10. I made a big meal because I ....................... a lot of people.(invite)
11.Faisal found it difficult to get up this morning because he late the
night before. (work)
12.By 1995, our school football team the championship.(win)
13.In 1995 our school football team . the championship.(win)

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8.The Future with will

Form (will+V1)
Use
1- Predictions/statements of fact

- According to the weather report, It will be cloudy tomorrow.
- watch out! You will hurt yourself.
2-Desiring to do something

-The phone is ringing, I will get it
3- Sudden decisions

- I will call the police.
4- General future

- Children will grow up.
5-think & hope
-I think it will be cold today.
-I hope that you'll win again.
6.perhaps & probably & maybe
- perhaps we will make another game.
-I'll probably migrate to Canada.
-Maybe we will take a prize next month.
Negation
: s. + will + not + V1 or
wont + V1
- It will be cloudy tomorrow.
- It will not be cloudy tomorrow.
- It won't be cloudy tomorrow.
Interrogation:
Will + s. + V1 ............?
- Will it be cloudy tomorrow?

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9.The Future with 'be going to' :

Form
Be (is/am/are) + going to + V1
Use
1- Intentions ()
I am going to catch the thief.
2- Plans ()
-Iam going to paint my room tomorrow.
3- Ambitions ()
-The experienced climber insisted that he was going to climb that
mountain.
4-Predictions based on what we can see ((
-I feel terrible. I think I'm going to be sick.
-The sky's looking very dark. I think it's going to rain.
5-Things that have already been planned for ()
-We're saving up because we're going to buy a car.
Negation :
Be (not) + going to + V1
-There are no clouds in the sky. It isn't going to rain.
Interrogation:
be + S + going to + V1?
-Are you going to visit your grandmother next week

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For and since

Since

For
Long time

1.We have lived in this flat----------2009

2.I have been reading this novel ----------nearly three weeks
3.My father has worked for the same company -------nearly twenty
years .
4.We have been waiting here----------7 o'clock this morning
5.He has able to swim ----------he was three years old
6.The children have been playing on the beach ----------half an hour

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Reported Speech

Subject
I I = he , she
we = they
,you = he, she, they

This
These
Now
Here
Today
Tonight
morrow
esterday
next
st night

Object
Possessive
me = him, her
my = his, her
us = them
our = their
you = him, her, them, me your = his, her, their, my
Reflexive pronoun mine = his , hers
myself = himself, herself ours = theirs
ourselves = themselves yours = his, hers, theirs
yourself = himself, herself

That
Those
Then
There
that day
that night
the day after
the day before
Last
the night before
Simple present

Simple past

Simple past

Past perfect

Present continuous

.Past cont

.Past cont

Past perfect cont

Present perfect

Past perfect

Past perfect

Past perfect

Future simple

Future in the past

16


:simple present.1
.' Sami to Rami ' I play tennis
. Sami said that he played tennis
.' Sami to Rami ' I don't play tennis
. Sami said that he didn't play tennis
:simple past.2
.' Ahmed to Ali ' I played tennis yesterday
.Ahmed said that he had played tennis the day before
.' Ahmed to Ali ' I didn't play tennis
. Ahmed said that he hadn't played tennis
:present continuous .3
.' Ahmed to Ali ' I'm playing chess now
.Ahmed said that he was playing tennis then
:past continuous .4
.'Ahmed to Ali ' I was playing tennis
.Ahmed said that he had been playing tennis
:present perfect.5
.' Ahmed to Ali ' I have played tennis
.Ahmed said he had played tennis
past perfect.6
.' Ahmed to Ali ' I had played tennis
.Ahmed said that he had played chess
modals.7
.' Ahmed to Ali ' I will play tennis
.Ahmed said that he would play chess

17

Wh. q
"? .. .. .. .. .Wh. + do, does + S. + inf. v" -1
. . . . . .. ..Wh. + S. + V.2
" ?Where does she live "
.Where she lived
"? .. .. .. .. .Wh. + did + S. + inf.v" -2
. . . . . .. ... Wh. + S. +had + V.3
" ?Where did she live "
.Where she had lived
"? .. .. .....Wh. + has, have, had + s. +v.3 " -3
.. .. .....Wh. + S. + had + V.3
"?Where has she lived "
.Where she had lived
" ? .. .. .. .. Wh. + is, am, are + s. +v.ing " -4
.. .. .. .. Wh. + s. + was , were +v.ing
" ? Where is she living "
. Where she was living
? .. .. .....Wh. + was, were + s. +v.ing -5
.. .. .. ..Wh. + s. + had + been +vying
"" ? Where was she living
. Where she had been living
" ? .. .. .. .. .Wh. + will, can , may + s. +inf. V " -6
.. .. .. .. Wh. + s. + would, could, might +inf v
" ? Where will she live "
. Where she would live
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.Yes or No q
" ? .. .. .. .. .Do, does + s. + inf.v " -1
. . . . . .. .. If + S. + V.2
" ? Does she live in Amman "
. If she lived in Amman
" ? .. .. .. .. .Did + S. + inf.v " -2
. . . . . .. .. If + S. +had + V.3
" ? Did she live in Amman "
. If she had lived in Amman
" ? .. .. .. .. Has, Have, Had + S. +V.3 " -3
.. .. .. .. If + S. + had +V.3
" ? Has she lived in Amman "
. If she had lived in Amman
" ? .. .. .. .. Is, Am , Are + s. +V .ing " -4
.. .. .. .. If + S. + was , were +v.ing
" ? Is she living in Amman "
. If she was living in Amman
" ? .. .. .. .. Was , Were + s. +V .ing " -5
.. .. .. .. If + S. + had + been +v.ing
" ? Was she living in Amman "
. If she had been living in Amman
" ? .. .. .. .. .Will, Can , May + S. +inf. V " -6
.. .. .. .. If + S. + would, could, might +inf V
" ? Will she live in Amman "
19

. If she would live in Amman

1. They said, "This is our book."
___________________________________________________________
2. She said, "I went to the cinema yesterday."
___________________________________________________________
3. He said, "I am writing a test tomorrow."
___________________________________________________________
4. You said, "I will do this for him."
___________________________________________________________
5. She said, "I am not hungry now."
___________________________________________________________
6. They said, "We have never been here before."
___________________________________________________________
7. They said, "We were in London last week."
___________________________________________________________
8. He said, "I will have finished this paper by tomorrow."
___________________________________________________________
9. He said, "They won't sleep."
___________________________________________________________
10. She said, "It is very quiet here."
___________________________________________________________
11."What's the time?" he asked.
___________________________________________________________
12."When will we meet again?" she asked me.
______________________________________________________________
13."Are you crazy?" she asked him.
______________________________________________________________
14."Where did they live?" he asked.
______________________________________________________________
15."Will you be at the party?" he asked her.
______________________________________________________________
16."Can you meet me at the station?" she asked me.
______________________________________________________________
17."Who knows the answer?" the teacher asked.
______________________________________________________________
18."Why don't you help me?" she asked him.
___________________________________________________________

20

19."I was very tired," she said.

______________________________________________________________
20."Be careful, Ben," she said.
______________________________________________________________
21."I will get myself a drink," she says.
______________________________________________________________
22."Why haven't you phoned me?" he asked me.
______________________________________________________________
23."I cannot drive them home," he said.
______________________________________________________________
24."Peter, do you prefer tea or coffee?" she says.
______________________________________________________________
25."Where did you spend your holidays last year?" she asked me.
______________________________________________________________
26.He said, "Don't go too far."
______________________________________________________________
27."Have you been shopping?" he asked us.
______________________________________________________________
28."Don't make so much noise," he says.
______________________________________________________________
29."Did you see that car?" he asked me.
______________________________________________________________
30."Have you tidied up your room?" the mother asked the twins.
______________________________________________________________

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Passive voice

Tense

Subject

Auxiliary

Simple present

The car/cars

Present progressive

The car/cars

Present perfect

The car/cars

has/have been

Present perfect
progressive
Simple past

The car/cars

has/have been being designed.

The car/cars

was/were

designed.

Past progressive

The car/cars

was/were being

designed.

Past perfect

The car/cars

had been

designed.

Past perfect progressive

The car/cars

had been being

designed.

Future

The car/cars

will be

designed.

Future progressive

The car/cars

will be being

designed.

Future perfect

The car/cars

will have been

designed.

Future perfect
progressive

The car/cars

will have been being

designed.

1. They were interviewing her for the job.

She ________________ for the job.
2. Tom is writing the letter.
The letter ________________ by Tom.
3. Everyone understands English.

22

is/are

Past
Participle

is/are being

designed.
designed.
designed.

English ________________ by everyone.

4. The employees brought up this issue during the meeting.
This issue ________________ by the employees during the meeting.
5. The professor told him not to talk in class.
He ________________ by the professor not to talk in class.
6. They say that women are smarter than men.
Women ________________ to be smarter than men.
7. The fire has destroyed the house.
The house ________________ by the fire.
8. She would have told you.
You ________________ by her.
9. She would reject the offer.
The offer ________________ by her.
10. This surprises me.
I ________________ by this.
11.They make shoes in that factory.
12.People must not leave bicycles in the driveway.
13.They built that skyscraper in 1934.
14.The students will finish the course by July.
15.They are repairing the streets this month.
16.They make these tools of plastic.
17.They have finished the new product design.
18.They were cooking dinner when I arrived.
19.Smithers painted 'Red Sunset' in 1986.
20.Did the plan interest you?

23

21.They had finished the preparations by the time the guests arrived.
22.You should take care when working on electrical equipment.
23.They are going to perform Beethoven's Fifth Symphony next weekend.
24.Someone will speak Japanese at the meeting.
25.Rama is going to prepare the refreshments.

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Causative

N
O

Tenses

Active forms

Causative forms

Simple present

V1

Has/have+v.3

Simple past

V2

Had+o+v.3

Present continuous

Is/am/are+v-ing

Is/am/are+having+o+v.3

Past continuous

Was/were+v-ing

Was/were+having+o+v.3

Present perfect

Has/have
v.3 +

Has/have had+o+v.3

Past perfect

Had+v.3

Had had+o+v.3

Present perfect
continuous

Has/have+been+v-ing

Has/have+been+having+o+v.3

Past perfect continuous

Had+been+v-ing

Had+been+having+o+v.3

Modals

Will, can, might+

..base

Will,can,might+have+o+v.3

1. Amal didnt buy her own car. She had it -----------------. (buy)
2. Ahmad isnt writing the report. He is having it --------------. (write)
3. Manal hasnt cleaned her room. She has had it -------------------. (clean)

25

4. Ill ask someone to repair my tablet. I will have my tablet -------------.

(repair)
5. Sami didnt wash the dishes himself. He had them -----------------. (wash)
6. Yunis didnt type the recommendation letter himself. He had it -----------.
(type)
7. Salma hadnt been doing the task herself. She had been having the task
--------. (do)
8. Maher didnt close the door. He had it ------------. (close)
9. The tourists didnt buy the vases themselves. They had them ---------------.
(buy)
10. The parents didnt raise their son. They had him ----------------. (raise)
Answers: 1. bought 2. written 3. cleaned 4. repaired 5. washed 6. typed 7.
done 8. closed 9. bought 10. Raised

Write follow-up sentences using causative verbs

I didnt repair the car myself. I had it repaired.
2. My mother dyed her own dress blue. She didnt
3. She didnt make the dress herself. She ...
4. He isnt going to take his own photo. .
5. My brother cut his own hair. ...
6. My neighbour painted his own house. .....
7. My father doesnt clean his car himself. ..
8. We didnt cut down trees in our garden ourselves. ..

Answers: 2. She didnt have it dyed. 3. She had it made. 4. Hes going to
have it taken. 5. He didnt have it cut. 6. He didnt have it painted . 7. He has
it cleaned. 8. We had them cut down

26

Gerund and Infinitive

Verbs followed by an infinitive
She agreed to speak before the game.

agree
aim
appear
arrange
ask
attempt
be able

beg
begin
care
choose
condescend
consent
continue

dare
decide
deserve
detest
dislike
expect
fail

forget
get
happen
have
hesitate
hope
hurry

intend
leap
leave
like
long
love
mean

neglect
offer
ought
plan
prefer
prepare
proceed

Verbs Followed by an Object and an Infinitive

Everyone expected her to win.
advise build
dare
force
lead motivate
allow buy
direct
have
leave order
ask
challenge encourage hire
let
pay
beg
choose
expect
instruct like
permit
bring command forbid
invite
love persuade
Note: Some of these verbs are included in the list above
and may be used without an object.

promise
propose
refuse
remember
say
start
stop
strive

prepare
promise
remind
require
send

swear
threaten
try
use
wait
want
wish

teach
tell
urge
want
warn

Adjectives Followed by an Infinitive (Adjective Complement)

She was hesitant to tell the coach of her plan.

ahead
ashamed content
amazed bound
delighted

eager
eligible

27

happy
lucky
reluctant surprised
hesitant pleased sad
upset

anxious careful
apt
certain

determined
fortunate liable
disappointed glad
likely

*Verbs Followed by a Gerund

They enjoyed working on the boat.
admit
complete dislike forbid
advise
consider enjoy get through
appreciate delay
escape have
avoid
deny
excuse imagine
can't help detest
finish mind

miss
permit
postpone
practice
quit

Verbs Followed by a Preposition and a Gerund

We concentrated on doing well.
admit to
complain
discourage
approve of about
from
argue
concentrate on dream about
about
confess to
feel like
believe in
depend on
forget about
care about disapprove of
insist on

proud
ready

shocked
sorry

recall
report
resent
resist
resume

risk
spend (time)
suggest
tolerate
waste (time)

object to
plan on
prevent (someone)
from
refrain from
succeed in

talk about
think about
worry
about

1. Sami enjoys ______________ (read) science fiction.

2. Ahmed suggested ______________ (see) a movie after work.
3. I miss ______________ (work) in the travel industry. Maybe I can get my old job
back.
4. Where did you learn ______________ (speak) Spanish? Was it in Spain or in
Latin America?
5. Do you mind ______________ (help) me translate this letter?
6. He asked ______________ (talk) to the store manager.
7. You've never mentioned ______________ (live) in Japan before. How long did
you live there?
8. If he keeps ______________ (come) to work late, he's going to get fired!
9. Salma plans ______________ (study) abroad next year.

28

10. I agreed ______________ (help) Sameer wash his car.

11. I hope ______________ (graduate) from college next June.
12. The models practiced ______________ (walk) with a book balanced on their
heads.
13. Yaser has promised ______________ (take) care of our dog while we are on
vacation.
14. Mr. Suliman chose ______________ (accept) the management position in Kuwait
rather than the position in Oman.
15. I don't know what she wants ______________ (do) tonight. Why don't you ask
her?
16. Kenan offered ______________ (help) us paint the house.
17. Sara decided ______________ (study) economics in London.
18. Witnesses reported ______________ (see) the bank robber as he was climbing
out of the second-story window.
19. Rayan dislikes ______________ (work) in front of a computer all day.
20. Mrs. Sameera appears ______________ (be) the most qualified person for the
job.
21. Nesreenlforgot ______________ (bring) her purse, so I lent her ten dollars.
22. I completely forgot ______________ (come) here when I was a kid. But now I
remember! My parents brought me here when I was three.
23. Rama really regrets ______________ (drop) out of high school. She has really
had to struggle to make a living because of that decision.
24. I regret ______________ (inform) you that Mr. Mo'ath has passed away.
25. Did you remember ______________ (pack) your swimsuit? Our vacation in
Hawaii won't be much fun if you can't go swimming.
26. Do you remember ______________ (be) stuck in that elevator when we were in
New York? I thought we would never get out of there!
27. If you can't find the key, try ______________ (open) the lock with something
else, like a knife or a screwdriver.
28. She tried ______________ (tell) him the terrible truth, but she just couldn't
bring herself to do it.

29

29. I dread ______________ (think) of what might happen next.

30. I dread ______________ (go) to work tomorrow. I think I'm going to call in sick.
31. After his insulting comments, I thought Osama deserved (be) __________ fired.
32. Hassan avoided (use) __________ his cell phone when other people were in the
room.
33. We arranged (have) __________ a taxi pick us up and take us to the airport.
34. I resent (be) __________ treated like a servant in my own home!
35. Omran completed (build) __________ the new barn last week.
36. Don't worry, I don't mind (make) __________ dinner.
37. Society will no longer tolerate (drink) __________ and (drive) __________.
38. Rawan and Lana would like (try) __________ that new tennis yard downtown.
39. I can't advise (buy) __________ a car when you don't even have a driver's
license.
40. When do you wish (begin) __________, now or later?
41. I can't tolerate (he/complain) __________ all the time.
42. Our teacher won't allow (we/use) __________ dictionaries during the test.
43. We advised (he/take) __________ a taxi instead of walking to the restaurant.
44. She prefers (I/make) __________ dinner because she doesn't like to cook.
45. I hope you don't mind (I/smoke) __________ while you eat.
46. Noor is never on time to work! I resent (he/arrive) __________ late every day.
47. Sarah urged (I/vote) __________ in the next election.
48. The authorities won't permit (he/stay) __________ in the country without a visa.
49. Lama is starting (learn) __________ English.
50. Samah loves (live) __________ in New York. She has been living there all her life.
51. I would love (live) __________ in London, but it is too expensive.
52. I like (eat) __________ pizza.
53. I would like (travel) __________ back in time and meet my great grandparents.
It's so hot in here! I'd like (be) __________ sitting in my swimming pool right now.

30

Irregular verbs

( )
awake
bear
bear
become
begin
blow
break
bring
build
buy
catch
choose
come
cost
cut
dig
do
draw
dream
drink
drive
eat
fall
feed
feel
fight

Awoke
Bore
Bore
became
Began
Blew
Broke
brought
Built
Bought
Caught
Chose
Came
Cost
Cut
Dug
Did
Drew
Dreamt
Drank
Drove
Ate
Fell
Fed
Felt
Fought

31

awoken
born
borne
become
begun
blown
broken
brought
built
bought
caught
chosen
come
cost
cut
dug
done
drawn
dreamt
drunk
driven
eaten
fallen
fed
felt
fought

find
fly
forget
get
get up
give
go
grow
hear
hide
hit
hold
hurt
keep
know
lay
learn
leave
let
lie
lie
light
lose
make
mean
meet
pay
put
ride
run
say
see
sell
send
set
shake
shoot
show
sing
sit
sleep
smell
sow
speak
spend

-
-

Found
Flew
Forgot
Got
got up
Gave
Went
Grew
Heard
Hid
Hit
Held
Hurt
Kept
Knew
Laid
Learnt
Left
Let
Lied
Lay
Lit
Lost
Made
Meant
Met
Paid
Put
Rode
Ran
Said
Saw
Sold
Sent
Set
Shook
Shot
Shown
Sang
Sat
Slept
Smelt
Sowed
Spoke
Spent
32

found
flown
forgotten
gotten
gotten up
given
gone
grown
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
laid
learnt
left
let
lied
lain
lit
lost
made
meant
met
paid
put
ridden
run
said
seen
sold
sent
set
shaken
shot
shown
sung
sat
slept
smelt
sown
spoken
spent

stand
stick
swim
take
teach
tell
think
throw
wake
wear
win
write

Stood
Stuck
Swam
Took
Taught
Told
thought
threw
woke
wore
won
wrote

stood
stuck
swum
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown
woken
worn
won
written

" "
SB P7
Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
People (1) ________ (use) smart phones since they (2) ________ (invent) in
the early 2000s. During the early 2000s, people (3) ________ (buy) photos in
difference colours and different designs. In 2010 CE, the first tablet
computer (4) ________(produce). By the end of 2010 CE, companies (5)
________ (sell) more smart phones than PCs for the first time. Now, about
on near future, it (7) ________ (estimate) that over 40% of the population in
Jordan will have a Smartphone. It is probable that this market (8) ________
(expand) in the future. At the moment, people aged 16-30 (9) ________ (buy)
the most smart phones, but experts say there (10) ________ (be) a growth
in the number of older people buying smartphones in the future.
Answers:
1.have been using. 2.were invented 3.bought
sold 6.are sold 7.is estimated 8.will expand

4.was produced 5.had

9.are buying 10.will be

AB P7
4. Complete the text with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
In 1943 CE, the chairman of a 'business machines' company (1) said
(say) that the world only (2) _________(need) two or three computers. He
(3)_________ (be) wrong! Since 12 then, there (4)_________ (be) a
technological revolution. These days, millions of families
_________(carry) smartphones and tablets with them everywhere. A few

33

people even (7) _________ (wear) them- either on their wrists, round their
necks or on their belts. There's even more: experts say that one day soon
we (8) _________ (attach) them to our skin!
Answers:
2.needed 3.was

4.has been

5.have

6.carry

7.wear

8.will attach

AB P7
5. Choose the correct form of the verbs below.
1. Children often use / are using computers better than their parents.
2. If you will play / play computer games all day, you won't have time to
study.
3. I want to get / getting a tablet, but I can't afford to buy/buying one at the
moment.
4. Look at the black sky! It's raining / going to rain soon!
5. I'm coming / come from Ajloun, but I'm staying / stay in Irbid for a few
months. I will return to Ajloun in the spring.
6. Nadia has been doing / done her homework for two hours! She is / will
be finished very soon.
7. If Ali had / has his won computers, he wouldnt / doesnt need to go to
the library so often.
8. I was writing / wrote an email when my laptop was switching / switched
itself off.
Answers
1.use 2.play 3.to get, to buy 4.going to rain 5.come, am studying
6.been doing, will be 7.had, wouldn't 8.was writing, switched.

34

AB P7
6. Rewrite the sentences with the word in brackets.
1. Perhaps Issa's phone is broken. (might)
Issa's phone might be broken.
2. Somebody has found my missing laptop. (been)
My ___________________________________
3. I asked someone to f ix my computer. (had)
I _____________________________________
4. It isn't necessary to switch off the screen. (have)
You ___________________________________
5. You are not allowed to touch this machine. (must)
You ___________________________________
6. I think you should send a text message. (would)
If ______________________________________
7. Press that button to make the picture move. (moves)
If you ___________________________________
8. Mohammed checked his emails, and then he started work. (before)
Mohammed had _________________________________
Answers
2- My missing laptop has been found.
3- I had my car fixed.
4- you dont have to switch off the screen.
5- you mustn't touch this machine.
6- if I were you, I would send a text message.
7- if you press that button, the picture moves
8- Mohammad had checked his emails before he started work .

35

 - Past Perfect Progressive

- Form
(Had + been + base-ing ): Positive
:

(Had + Not + been + base-ing) Negative

(Had + Subject + been + base-ing?):Question

:Example
a.I had been working
b.she had not been working
c.Had they been working?
..............................................
- Use
for, how long?..etc
:
a.Duration of a Past Action
Something that started in the past and continued up to another action or
event
..
Example: We had been driving for 5 hours when we got pulled over by the
police

36

.b.To show cause of an action or situation in the past

Example: I was so tired. I had been revising my lessons for hours.
, .

Note -
We often use 'for' or 'since'when we use present perfect continuous:
( , )

For is applied before uncertain time:

for
Five hours, two hours, an hour
few days, four days, seven days
two months, eight months
One year, ten years
for a long time
Since is applied before certain time:
Since
one O'clock, 10 O'clock, 5 PM, 4 AM
Monday, Saturday, Sunday
March, June, December
2011, 2012, 2013
Yesterday, tomorrow, day after tomorrow
Morning, Evening, Night, Noon, Afternoon
..............................................
- Exercises
1.I _______ (work) all day, so I didnt want to go out.

37

2.She _____________ (sleep) for ten hours when I woke her.

3.They ___ (live) in Beijing for three years when he lost his job.
4.When we met, you ___ (work) at that company for six months.
5.We ___________ (eat) all day, so we felt a bit ill.
6.He was red in the face because he _______________ (run).
7.It ________ (rain), and the road was covered in water.
8.I was really tired because I _____________ (study).
9.We _______ (go) out for three years when we got married.
10.It ___________________ (snow) for three days.
11.I ___________ (not / work) there long when she quit.
12.She ________ (not / work) but she was tired anyway.
13.It __________ (not / rain) long when I got home.
14.He was in trouble with the teacher because he ____ (not / go) to classes.
15.We ____ (not / live) in London for three years when we got married! It
16.was more like five years.
17.Although it was hot in the kitchen, Julie _______ (not/cook).
18.I _____ (not / sleep) long when there was a knock at the door.
19.He didnt feel healthy, because he ____ (not / go) to the gym.
20.I caught a cold because I __________ (not / eat) properly

page 19- Complete the sentences, using the Past Perfect Continuous form
of the verbs in brackets.

38

1- A: When I saw you yesterday, you looked really tired.

B: Yes, I . for half an hour. (run)
2- My mother lost her purse yesterday. She
in the market; she must have put it down somewhere and left it there.
(shop)
3- I made for my mother a cup of tea . She was hot and tired ; she
. all afternoon for a special family dinner. (cook)
Answers: 1-B: had been running 2- had been shopping 3- had been
cooking.

page 19- Complete the sentences by choosing the correct verb

forms.
Hind (1) has / had been working very hard for several weeks before
she did her final exams. When the results were published, she was
delighted to learn that she (2) has / had passed. She (3) has/ had
done extremely well. She (4) phoned / had phoned her parents from
the college. They (5) were / had been waiting for her call all morning.
When she arrived home an hour later, there was a surprise for her. For
several weeks, her parents (6) planned / had been planning a
special weekend away to the Jerash Festival. They (7) have / had
managed to make it a surprise for Hind, even though they (8) were /
had been using the family computer to make all the arrangements!
Hind was delighted. She (9) has / had been talking about the Jerash
Festival for months; and now the whole family was going! It was a
wonderful
graduation present.
Answers: 1- had 2- had 3- had 4- phoned 5- had been 6- had been planning
7- had 8 had been 9- had been.

39

Used to
= used to :
= used to:
.
= used to:
:
:
He used to play football when he was young

:
Subject+ didn't use to+infinitive verb
I didn't use to eat burger when I was young

: used to did

40

:
Did+ + use to+
Did he use to read books when he was child ?

yes, he did No, he didn't

:
: ( used to )
1- : see , smell , taste , hear , feel , look
2- : believe , think , realize , suppose , understand , know,
,imagine , admit , agree , accept ,remember
3- : adore , love , like , dislike , hate , care , hope
4- : have , own , possess , belong , be
5- : live , need , contain
Ex / She used to taste the food before serving.
Ex / Salem used to imagine how to be a famous player.
Ex / I used to hate physics lessons.
Ex / Zainab used to be very shy.
Ex / Reem and Rawnaq used to be best friends , but then they had an
argument.
Ex / My uncle used to live in Paris.
Ex / We used to have a farm when we were in the countryside.

Be used to
0

(ing)
41

I'm used to working at night.

We're used to living in London.
I'm not used to eating this sort of food.
The children aren't used to going to bed late.
I didn't like playing football early , but Im used to it now.
Theyve lived in the capital city a long time, so theyre used to the traffic.

Page 15/s.b(6): Choose the correct option in each sentence.
1- I didnt use to / am used to understand English, but now I do.
2- My cousin has lived in Lebanon for a year. He says he is used to /
didnt use to living there now.
3- My family and I are used to / used to go camping once a month,
but we stopped doing that when we moved to the city.
4- Joining a gym can be very tiring at first if you used to / arent used
to doing much exercise.
5- When I was young, I used to / am used to go fishing with my dad
every weekend . Now I don't, unfortunately .
Answers:

1- didnt use to 2- is used to 3- used to 4- arent used to 5- used

to.

Page11/w.b Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the phrases in the box. Two phrases are needed twice.
be used to / use to / not be used to
/ used to

42

1- We needed warm clothes when we went to London. We werent

. the cold weather.
2- My grandparents didnt send emails when
they were my age.
3- Rashed .. go swimming every morning, but
now he doesnt.
4- We always go to the market across the street, so we
. eating fresh vegetables.
5- Please slow down. I . walking so fast!
6- When you were younger, did you ..
play in the park?
Answers: 1- used to 2- use to 3- used to 4- are used to 5- am not used to 6use to.

Page 11/w.b: Choose the correct form of the verbs below.

1- I used to / am used to go shopping in the local supermarket, but it
closed two years ago, so now I have to drive into town to shop.
2- There didnt use to / wasnt used to be so much pollution, but
these days it is a global problem.
3- I think television used to / is used to be better than it is now. Most
of the programmes these days are just reality TV.
4- Most Jordanians are used to / used to the hot weather that we
have in summer.
5- There was used to / used to be a lot more wild animals in the
past, but they are becoming rare nowadays.
6- Salma has been practising the oud really hard and she is now used
to / now used to playing it.
Answers: 1- used to 2- didnt use to 3- used to 4- are used to 5- used to 6- is
now used to.

Page 12/w.b: Complete the sentences with the correct form of

the verbs in brackets. The first one is done for you.

43

1- When I was a student, I . (work) very

hard. I . (get up) very early and study alone before my
lectures, attend lectures all day, and
then come home to study some more!
2- Are you (live) in Jordan yet? Youve only
been here for two months.
3 When I was a child, my grandmother .
(make) cakes for us all the time, and I liked helping her a lot.
4- My grandfather retired a month ago. He isnt
. (have) nothing to do all day. He says
he needs a project to concentrate on.
5- I just got glasses this week, and Im not
. (wear) them yet, so Im still having
difficulty.
Answers: 1- used to work 2- used to get up 3- used to make 4- used to
having 5- used to wearing.

Simple future
?what do we mean by the simple future

...
. ....
?How to form the Simple future

( ( form))

-1

++ infinitive (v1) will, shall +.... .

:
..... (v1) ( infinitive) shall will
I ) shall will :(note)
. ( W
.I will buy car
2- She will build house. 3- I shall swim in the river -1 :

44

) :(note
:
I'll ) I will We'll - (I shall ) We will .(We shall He'll ). ..... (He will She'll )( She willI'll go to Irbid.
- She'll write the lesson.
We'll travel to -.
:
London

-2 )Negative (not
:
+.... . + infinitive (v1) will, shall + not
:
will shall not )(infinitive )
... (v1
) :(note will not ... won't
:

I will not study law 1- I will study

law
Sami won't travel to Aqaba next week 2- Sami will travel to Aqaba next week

-3 )(Question /interrogation
:
+.... ?. ) + infinitive (v1 Will, Shall
:
will shall )(infinitive ) .. (v1
)(.
?Will she go to Irbid
1- She will go to Irbid :
Will you buy new house next month? 2- You will buy new house next month

-4 :

) (.

:
== : next week, next moth, next year + )( next + time - :
Tomorrow - :
: in the future - .
+ )(the following + time - :
2020 ... 2020
Will not won't :
/// : ) (EX )( Example
).EX(1) - He a new car in the following month. (buy
) .EX (2) - She to London next week. ( not travel
)? .EX (3)- They . new house next year. ( build/
:
45

 -: ) in the following month

( . will
)( ) ( will buy :
He will buy a new car in the following month -: ) next week (
. will not
)( ) (won't travel :
She won't travel to London next week -

: :
" "Will " "Be + going to
.
?'When we use the Simple Future (Will) and 'Be Going To

We use the simple future " will" for:

) 1. A decision at the moment of speaking1-
- A: Im cold
) - B: Ill close the window.

2. Prediction based on opinion.

2-
- I think Toqa will pass an examinations.
: 3. A future fact. 3-
- The sun will rise at 7am.
/ willingness / refusal / requests 4. Promises
- Ill help you with your homework.
. ) ( !- I will give up smoking

We use 'be going to' + infinitive for:

1. Future plans made before the moment of speaking.

46


. )( ) (A: Weve run out of milk.
" "B: I know, Im going to buy some.
. ) (2. Prediction based on present evidence.
. : !
Look at those boys are playing football! Theyre going to break the window

)Future continuous (progressive
What do we mean (future
) ?continuous

).
(. : ..
... :

.I will being in London this time next week
)) )...
( (.
* )(How to form (future
)?continuous

-1 ) )(form
(
+be will, shall + ( v1..ing) +.... .
- :
) shall (will ) (be ) .(ing
.I will be going to Petra.
2- She will be studying -1
-:
.We will be reading the stories 4- Amani will be drinking milk -3

-2 )Negative (not

47

:
+be + (v1... ing... + not + will, shall) +.... .
: :
) (not ) (will, shall
) (won't, shon't .
-I will be going to Petra (not). I will not be going to Petra.
1 :
.We will be reading the stories (not) We won't be reading the stories -2

-3 )(Question /interrogation :
How to form questions in future
?continuous
:
+ .be + (v1... ing ) +.... ?. Will, Shall +
)(Will , Shall

)?(.
?We will be reading the stories.(?) Will We be reading the stories -1:
?She will be studying English. (?) Will she be studying English -2

-4 ) : (.

?When to use the future continuous

..
) + (
:( + time) this
- At 8o'cklock Am next Monday she will be coming to here. Ex:
***
Laila will be coming to the party at one o'clock on next Friday.1.

2- He will be flying to London in this time next week.
.
3- At 5 o'clock on Friday they will be singing the new song.
.
4- Tomorrow at nine o'clock I will be writing the story.
.

48

Future Perfect
What do we mean (Future
)?Perfect

) ( ) (
) (by + time .
.By on next October 4, 2014we will have married for 2 years - :
)( .I

-1

* )(How to form (Future .

).?Perfect
) ) (form
(
+have+ will, shall + ( P.P) +.... .
- :
) shall (will ) (have ).(P.P

.I will have gone to Petra -1

.She will have studyed English -2
We will have read the stories -3
.Amani will drunk milk -4

-2 )Negative (not
:
+have + (P.P + not + will, shall) +.... .
: :
) (not ) (will, shall ). (won't, shon't

.I will have gone to Petra (not). I won't have gone to Petra -1

.We will have read the stories (not) We won't have read the stories -2

-3 )(Question /interrogation :
How to form questions in future
?perfect
:

49

 +have + (P.P ) +.... ?. Will, Shall +

) (Will , Shall

)?(.
?We will have read the stories. Will We have read the stories -1 :
?I will have studied English. Will I have studied English -2

-4 ) : (.

?When to use the future perfect

(by+time) :
:
By 10 oclock I will have finished my homework

first &second &third conditional

if

.
. 1 -
+ shall / will + +

, If +
Examples :-

If the weather is nice, we will go for a walk.

: If you work hard, you will succeed.
If you succeed, I ll give you a present .
If you forget the book, Ill hit you.

50

2 - .
If + , + + would + .
Examples :-

If you saw him, you would kill him.

If I were you, Id study.
If they had enough money, they would buy a car.
was were . -:
If + ,

3-:
+ + would , could, might+have+p.p

Example:
If I had seen you walking, I could have offered you a lift.

Relative Pronoun

51

)(Non-definite clause

. . :
Children, who like sweets so much, often have problems with their teeth.

: . ) (all .

. ) (Definite clause

. .

. . :
.Children, who like sweets so much, often have problems with their teeth

: . ) (all .

. ) (Definite clause

. .
. :
-

.Children who like sweets so much often have problems with their teeth
: .

) . (.

52

Definite and indefinite articles

a/an
. are used as indefinite articles.
The *
. . is used as a definite article

Indefinite Articles a & an*

We put a before a noun starting with a consonant sound a .
We put an before a noun starting with a vowel sound an .
: Vowels
aeio-u

Indefinite Articles a & an

We use a/an:
1-Before a singular countable noun

a table
an egg
53

2-Before a job, a particular group of people or a nationality

Saleh is a doctor
He is an engineer. She is an English women.

3-With numbers that mean every.

He washes his hands ten times a day
means every day

The Definite Article "The"*

The is used before

1-A noun that is the only one of its kind

.
The river Nile
The Kaaba

2-Names of rivers, seas, oceans, etc.

........

The Arabian Gulf

The Red Sea

54

3-A noun which is the object of a sentence

Omar answered the question

4-The names of musical instruments.

.
Can you play the duff?

5-Names of some countries

.
The United Kingdom
The U.S.A

6-With some time expressions

.
at the weekend
in the evening

7-With dates
.
On the first day of every month
With some general expressions

55

8-

Listen to the radio/news

Go to the market/desert

9-Use article with the name that is repeated

.
I saw a man.The man was young
No article is used with the names of studies of subjects.

*Zero article(x) We DO NOT use a/an

No article is used with abstract nouns and the names of metals.
1 Love, beauty, hatred, wood, silver, gold

2-No article is used before plural or uncountable nouns

There are books on the table
Milk is good for you
3 -

I do not like science. My favorite subject is mathematics.

4-No article is used before such words as school, home, bed,
work, etc
....
I am going to school
I always go to bed early

56

5-No article is used before such words such as day and month
names
.
on Monday, in June
in summer sometimes in the summer
before breakfast.

57

 VS
:
. :
stop )( )(
:
R
.:
far, near, here, for, core, shore
:
,
R

.. ..

1. :

..
already , just , and yet

..

?Have you done your homework yet
:
?Did you do your homework yet
.Ive just got home
:
""I just got home
.Ive already eaten
:
I already ate

..
58

have got or have

have got to and have to

.. got
..
,I got two cars
I got to go
2. :
) (

one hundred and sixty-two

two thousand and three
) (
two thousand three
) ( .
..

four hundred and thirteen thousand

four hundred thirteen thousand
..
. four hundred and thirteen thousand
.
..
513.7
five hundred thirteen and seven tenths
..
.five hundred and thirteen point seven
..
zero, nought, or oh
zero ..

59

arbor
armor
behavior
endeavor
Favor
fervor
glamor
harbor
humor
labor
neighbor
odor
rancor
savior
splendor
vapor
vigor

: ( our or ) ( 1 )

arbour

armour

behaviour

Color
colour
endeavour

favour

fervour

glamour
,
harbour

honor
honour
humour
,
labour

neighbour

odour
,
parlor
parlour
rancour

rumor
rumour
saviour
,
splendour
,
vapour

vigour

: ( re er ) ( 2)

centre

fibre

metre

Piastre

somber
somber
theatre

center
fiber
meter
piaster
theater

catalog

60

(3) ( logue log ) :

catalogue

 dialogue
monologue
prologue

dialog
monolog
prolog

) ( 4 :

traveler
traveller

counselor
conunseller

jeweler
jeweller

worshiper
worshipper

kidnaper
kidnapper

) ( 5 ) : ( ce-se

defense
defence
license
licence
offense
offence
pretense
pretence
) ( 6 :

check
cheque
gray
grey

mustache
moustache
pedlar
peddler
plow
plough

program
programme
pajamas
pyjamas
sulfur
sulphur
tire
tyre

61