Hayagreeva - Stotrani New 25 7 2014 PDF

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1.
RAVI MOHAN RAO, M.Sc., M.A.,

Dandy House,
Flat No : 404, Janjanam Complex,
Opp. I Town Police Station,
CHIRALA-523 155, Prakasam Dist.
Cell : 9440115411
D.T.P. by :L.Durga Prasad,
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Sanjay Graphics,
k<q >+<eT+&*
CHIRALA.
Cell : 9966156263
H*
1
Printed at -
Karshak Art Printers,

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n~<e nsTTq <$, $< n~<e nsTTq y>$ jTT HH) n ^
L& u> y qT |T \qT s +#|&T y>$ |sT L& s +|&+~.
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L& #T#d e&+ >eTHs+. VjTê eT+ V+d eTqTe n L&
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{. eT++ VjTê |s+ > yU+|e#Tq lsT Ds#sk$T
<X + eT+ $esD+ *bsT. eT++ |P]bs+ $<+ >
q~.
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VjTêkD
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bUq+> |d<+. +<T VjT^yes e++ \T|&+~.

bUH |s\ eTs~|Tq n_qes+>H<jTr+<T\T s+q
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d+u$ dT+ <H $wj , Cq>eT' ` nH HeT+ |s$ < <s b+&y&,
XsuuY nH HeT+ VjTêeT] $Xs|&, <s u> y qTq
T, nT\ T s +& Xsu \, u nH HeT+ Ve e u ,
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nes+ |<e#s, s+&e~ Vee u ddT+~.
n+X\ us+ X+|s+sZ y T q VjTs bUq+ \T|&sTT.
<\ VjTê k+ yTT<q dT T \ |k$+|&sTT.
lX+s#sT\ ysT L& rs s ' , >TsTeT' nH He\qT VjTê
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T + eT<T V+s+ CH$T
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L& lseTT&T eTT+<T> >jT bd+ s eT<T d<qT dT +#&
\T|&+ <s y eTV] >jTreT+ |b<<e VjTê&H $wj
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n_E q |<\ $esD+. w +<+& 17e ds+Z y* lseTT>]
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X eTX $Te nH d >$+<sJjT yK X eTX$Te `
eT<T uu+ b sT<+ XXsb+ X+ VjTê y s'
n $e]+|&+~. jTT<+& 74e dsZ 59e X+ Vjqq+
VsX B|y T nH |j >+ ` Vjqq+ ` VjT^ys<q kqyT n
>$+< s Jj T + eTVX s r s yK $e]+| & + ~. $< + >
lsejTD+ nd Y VjTê |keq dT+ ~.
|+#eTy<y T q eTVus+ L& VjTêk$T |dT |#T s+>
>#]dT+~. X+|s+ y<s+ 357e n<jT+ VjTs
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jT Y VjTs' bs deTT< es|<y T , k-V yTys rs es $ u>$Y

n n+ VjTê ds y< |es + \T|&+~. $w| sD+ L&
ys|<s V]' (3`12`6), ds-Xk-ue <' (3`5`29) eT
LsesVXd+Vsb~_' d y T (5`7`11) ~> VjTê |keq
|\T# dT+ ~.
u>e+ ~rjT d+<+ @&e n<jT+ d eTed u>yH
VjTos @w kY d jT| sTw de jT es' , #+ <eTj-\eTj\<e y# ue sTXr' Xd-d q d nH X+ V#dq
jT+ VjTê&T $s$ +qT \TTq~. d|e Td+<+ d uy H
(7`9`37) nH X+, $w' yjT >yT (11`4`7) nH @<X
d+<+ X+ eT<TuT\ e< |dT+|&+~. k+<|sD+,
V]e+X+ L& VjTê |d dTq ~. es+&jT |sD+, yeTq
|sD+qT eTVA<jT eTH # >\ nXrse TH |Drs+ VjTê
|V < T &T n]+qT \T|&+~. $<+ > |\T |sD\ VjT^yes
|keq >#]dTq ~. s<H $<H |* >e\ L& VjTê
|d |#T s+> dT+ ~. bws d+V VjTê ~uT , #T sT,
nwu T , <<Xu T sb\T \T|&q$. uT C\ d+KqT{ uT C\
n&T <] +# jTT<\L& esT \T|&q~. b<d+V VjTê
#T sTE> *+~. |sXs d+V, VjTos d+V, $X$Td+ V,
$w \ d+V, dqTesd+ V, Xwd + V ` ~ |\T d+V\
L& VjTêsb #+~q $Xc\T |dT\T. dqTes d+V
l|X d+V\ VjTê&T s+>T&T> e]+|&+ $Xw+ . \s +,
#T ssZ +eTD yTT<q \Xg >+<\ L& VjTêeT] $es\T
>#]ksTT. n, e, V+&, $w<ss~ |\T |sD\ L&
VjTê s|esq \T HsTT.
= ny~ eT\ L& VjT^ys<q dTq~. eTVjq
u<e T+ VjTê&T s< <e> k&T . +<Te\ VjT^ys<q
d+|<jT+ eT+ y|+q bH, {u{ , #H <X\ L& y|++~.
.X., 6e X+ |Ps #+~ VjTêeT] >jT dj
b++ q< |. &b+{ nH |]X< &T *b&T, ys njH
VjTêkD
nH |]X<&T VjTsdTqT \ .X.10e Xu #+~q $>V

d+#&, ~ UeT b++ \_+q $>V eT ly<++ nq+
|< Hu#sT\ysT eT l\VjTê eTH >+<+ |s=HsT.
$<+> #q|&T VjTêeT] s<q |\T |eT\ |\T<X\
y|+qT> dT+ ~.
#TsTK V y<\qT, je\ eTV] X jTEs<
|< +qy&T VjTê&. n<$<+ > b+#s |< +#y&T L&
VjTêk$TjT. $wj eTsu T nH |d< <s Xg |+&T &T
(sjTd+<T yTT<q <sXg >+<\qT &T s+#&T) VjTos
b+#s+ +~ X\qT |eD] d |*&T.
HXsk > y< H<jT XXH
|jT jT ue q+ ~e+ eTV]>D |PyT
k-|k |<< y<H ujT @e ><TZsT'
d H eTj |c <y jTY #T DTw yT
jT + b+#sD j b y |s
lu> y H y#
jTj |w eT\+ Y ds+ <j$T
b |+#sD eTj |s
ek eTT_ s |+#$+X d+Kj
<+ deTd + D+ VjTos+ |] y T
n+X+ eTVus+ VjTs bUq+ >\ k+ $~ e
kjT bdseTTK'dyT (20e X+) nH X+e\ L& d+|
&+~. X+ dsXu Xj
T Es< je\Tq |< +q
VjTss|&q dsT& nse T l n_qes+>H<j
T r+<T\T VjTs
bUq yK s|+#sT. us+ y| s + (323e n<jT+
>\) q je\ d+y<+ Xj
T Es< E&q je\ eTV]
|*q dY <qT|X + @ @y k<e ' nH d us+ VjTs
bUq+ yT eTVj^ V] ssjTD' |uT' nH d
7
VjTêkD
15
16
HsjTD|wT ds u d yT+ HsjTDyT ~ X $esD+.

n+ |wT es >\ VD <e| VD eT<T d<HyT
nH d, eT<T d<qT&q VjTê bUq+ es #jT &q HsjTD
HeTd ` s +&{ deHs dksTT.
y+ejT (TT><+`10`115`6), + >+<s -e<Y ( jT
sD+`3`11`30) ds-X+ k-ueY ($w|sD+`3`5`28)
<T\ VjTê&T, VjTê&T nXy X+ s +|&&T . ~
<Z+<s-ue ~rjT' ( jT d+V`4`6`2, $Xs d+ ) nH X
nqTd]+ L& y<|<w nsTTq |se . nXkeqy#y T q >+<s
X+ s +|&qT \TdTq ~. b<|sD+ (dw K+&+`5`1) |sD+
VXkD+ |<e T+ VD d yT , eskZ <q + |D+ X {|$ds y T ,
Xww w ys|D Xe' ~ de#H\ L& ~ dT+ ~.
$<+ > |+VDy\ VjTê nXX s X |q |k$+q
~<Z+<s-ue ~rjT' ~ XT eT\+.
$<+ > VjTê |keq nXkeq y#+ <s X <T |
+VD<T\ #jT &q |jT qT nqTd]d lXs |eTT (qesT)
L& eTy eTT< eTe\yT eH ey yTj
jYT ($<
>sDu T&, eTT\ s &q y&T nXs|&, Lss|&) (sTyjYT
yTT[ |+<+ `2`8`5) n n+ ey (nX+) n n+ nXkeq
y#+ ds >Y dw, s &q <y~<e sX #XsT. @<Z< q+s
>< lwe TVeT e]+|&+~. HsjTD|wT new u>s
eT sTyjYTyTT[ |+<+ n& L& s|d sT VD
<e| VD eT<Td<HyT nH HsjTD|wY ys
|+|CX sT. n+ , |Ps<V b<|sD y\ VjT^yes
nq+s+ , eTes |keq #jT &q e nqTd]d Xs |eTT
L& VjT^yes+ sTy MTH (eTs|&) n |*sT.
|<|sD |jT deTV] e#H\e\ Xq&T ns >V+,
VD <e| ' ~ X <eX s$esD |Ps+> VjTê&
eT<Td<q XuseT ssTT+|&q~<. sD+> qesT L&
eT |+<+ VjTê& eT<T d<qT&H ns $e]+#sT.
VjTêkD
< |s \ d] nq& sTeT+> sT L& |]jTsTyTT[

nH |+<+ e+ #XsT. kT u> y qTe\ nc eT+
|<X + > b+~q ~ed] |]jTsTyTT[ nH eT |<e T |+<+
yTT<{ X + ` yTT<{ <X + HsjTD He nd Y |j +#&+
<s, |+#eT X + (5`3`2), d|e T X + (7`8`2) VjT^yes
|keqqT #jT &+<s, |+<+ e] bXs eTT+<T >\ s +&e
bXs+ eT<T d<qXu |j +, e] bXs+ lw |b~+#&+
<s |+<+ nc eT+s |Xq+ bT, HsjTD|wT j
T T
ns L& #> $XB]+#sT. d|eT X+ yTT<{ bXs+
|j
T deTT<XsTTjT q u> y qT H;e T\+qT+& #T sTU, s +&e ><
VjT^yeses+, <q+s><\ lces+ bT $T*q
nes\ |keq, es >< eTes |keq #jT &+~. $<+ >
|s\eTT L& HsjTD|wT eT<Td<qXu VjTê&H
nsyT n_|eT #|e\d q~. HsjTD|w<+ <e| `
eT<T d<q Xu\ w ` VjT^yes <jT+ u~+|&+, $T*q
qd+V<es\ +f B >\ y\ D + VjT^yes+ n nes\
eT\eT L& ddTq~. VjTê&T q su>+ VjTsb
<] +#&+ e\ jTdT $CqyH ue jTTq eTqk dV , d+~jD eX
d<X e ks<' (s|wY`1`3`6) nH X <s |b~+|&q
|]X<yTq eTqdTqT \ysT, $CH \ eqe\ eTqdT yTT<q
+~j\ eosD+ k<eTH ns+ d+|&+~. n+, y<\qT
nqT>V +, CH|<X + #jT &+ <s, <q +s+ y<\qT b>=T=q|&T
V dw# j
T &+ keTs sTTqy& @ <T'U nqTu$ +#&,
<T'U VjTê&T r]q+<Te\L& Xs+ |+|CjT&+~.
VjTss|<s V# d_e~ *Z+# s\qT >]q Cq+
d+b~+|&q+<Tq, sdeTdT\e\ *Zq u< e]+| &q+<Tq `
+~j\qT d<X\qTe |j+ d_e~ *Z+# s\
d++~+q Cq+ *+# m|&T |e]ky , n|& sde TdT\ e\
*> u< rsTT+~ ` n d~d T q ~. #T sTKT&T JedeTw s|&T qT,
nTe+{ #T sTKTq VjTê eT\+> Cq+ \_++< #| &&+ e\,
8
VjTêkD
17
18
VjTê nqT>V +e\ \_+q $CH *qZ |]X<e TqdT\ +~j

\H nX\ eosD + k< eT d+|&+~. #T sTKT&T #dq ||
eoT&q nsT<T& VjTê s|+ ne]+, #T sTKT <T'U
rs& |Ps+ #| &+e\, ds +~jT jeT&q VjTê ||
eo]+#T=+f (VjTê XsD > #d) +~jX\qT eo]+#T>\sT
` nH $wjT+ eTTHjTd<+. lces+L& ns+ #>
e ] +|&+~. @$<+ > n+f ` nsTq s<+ s~j
T q nsTq T nX\qT
d]jTq esZ+ q&|+#&+ <s, es nsTqTq $j dTU
*Z+#&+ <s s<kjTyTq <V+ +& s~kjTTq Je\+ y qT# # > q&|+ |&q|& sde TdT\
jTeTq+ k< eT, d e~ # > s>& + e\ deT Cq+ \_dT + <,
n+<Te\ $jT+ dTK+ \_dT + < d+|&+~. u> y qT&T VjT^yes+
<sH y<|<H, b+#s|<X #dqf, nsTqTq lw&T X
T|+VDs|yTq, b+#s>eT d+>Vs|yTq u>eBZqT
|< +#&+ <s CH *+Z #&T. ~ s +&T nes\ eT< >\ keT+.
y<<T\<s CH |k~+# nes\ VjT^yes+ yTT<{~ >,
lces+ e]~. |sd s ke \ |<e T ` #se es\T
Hsj T D| w T | b~+| & j T u $+q lX s | d ],
l|s\d]L& yTT<> VjT^yes, es lces
|k$+#sT. u> e BZ e<e' (1`14), VwX' (2`10) nH HeT
sX \ |s#qe\ |Psy T q ns+ dT]dT+ ~. @w HsjTD' leH
sseq', H>|s+ eTT V> eT<Ts+ |yT (us `
nsD|s + `86`24), |D <ser jTk eT<T d<q' (us+ `
nsD|s + `86`25), w+ <s+ dHqyT (nsD|s + `86`26), d
V] s+ e eT<T d<q' (nsD|s + `86`28) ~ sX \T
L& nes< jT ke s|ksTT.
HsjTD|wT eT<T d<qXu VjTê&H nsy T $e e T
\q yd eTV], VjTs bUHq+s+ >\ n<jT+ CjTeq+
V |sTw+ jT+ |X q<T d<q', k dT $Cj
T ' d y ys +'
VjTêkD
(us+ ` y|s+ `358`73) nH X+ |Ps<jT+ eTd `

sd| T\qT \ eT<T uT \qT d+V]+qy&T> \T|&q VjTê
sX eT<T d<qX+ #XsT. X+ CjTeq+, |X Y nH s +&T
|<\ <s VsD>s + |X CjTeqyT ( j|wY ` HsjTDyT
`10`23, XXs|wY`4`12) nH Xy+ d]+|CjT &+~.
HsjTD|wT d H <e' Xuj
d d+jTTq (10`23) nH
#se T|<\ XjT + k' d T $CjT' d y ys+' nH |<\
<s |+VyT q ~. j <yH+ |<e T+ |skY $X~ sT< eTV]'
(HsjTDyT`10`23) n X |Pss+ <s sT<Xu s+ VjTê&
nH ueqH & es eT<T d<q X+ |j +|&+~. eT+
eTT+<T eT++ < < ewu ssM (10`23) nH |j >+ ssM
nH |<+ dXsMTe+d y<+< \# ssM ` XeTTKseTTKY
n $e]+|&+#, sT<X+ sTY nH |< y<eT ns+.
nsTqTKHrH (w |wY `3`1) nH X y+ sTY Xu
y<s + \T|&+~ <! n+<Te\ sTY ` y<', + <e >#
sT<' nH e <s sT<X + VjT^ys + . Xy+ VjTê&T
y<b|> |b~+|&>, &, sTy jTT<+ #jT&+d+ eq
eT<TeqT d+V]+qy& \T|&yT $Xw+. VsD>sT&q V
nsT<T H;e T\+ <V d++<s |yT q uqqT b+~q <X nsT<
<sq+ \_+H, <e\ V |PsyTq k+ \_+#<T.
m+<Te\q+f, <q +s+ n&T y<|V s<X CqHX b+<&T <.
n|V ]+|&q y<\qT ] rd= e #T sTKV , eT<T uT \qT
d+V]+q sTy Cq|<q+ #dq|& V k |P] *Z+~.
n|V ]+|&q y<\qT ] rd= eqy&T VjTs|< ]jT q nsT<T&
(nsT<e T]qT+& VjT^yes+ ]+~). n+<Te\ VsD>s+ |X
CjTeqyT nH X CjTeqXu CqqjT $eeT
dT|&TTq~. VD eT<Td<HyT nH |w<UqTks+>
VsD>s + |X CjTeqyT nH X Te+{ nsy T $e e T
ydeTV] XjT +. qTH CjTeqyT ~ d |*sT. X
uV ++ #| & +&, e\+ eT<T V++e+ #| &+ sC>TD+
9
VjTêkD
19
20
VjTêkD
yK\{ dw+ . nu+ >Ts <q ~ dT|d< VjTê<qX+

lyes<H eT<j
T Tq q&<sY ne# s+|&q~> u$+|&TTq~.
V< V<d+Vdq sdVjTê Vc]|Tw ||]<|' jT
VQ>TD |+ sd<TZsDyT nH y<+<\ eTT |d
(5`137) L& l ywy#sT\ VjTêu|s \TTq~. |sXs
u s Y L & ls+>sde + ` s X + u> y qT d |esq b|]b\H<T
\qT $XB]+#&+ d+ u> e <es\qT |+{ s|+#sT. eTT+<T>
eT<T u X s<+ $< jT sT~e# ' $<T ]<jT, dsd +>s+ H!
Ts+>es' deTd+ >Je sTTwkY (52e X+ ) n VjT^yes
|keq<s |Ps d|esq b |]b\H<T\qT |b~+#sT.
XsuuY nH $w dV dHeTk+sZ He $e]d s'
nH V<sDX <V]+, VjTs bUq+ e#H\qT
<V]+#&+<s ns s]+#sT. y<+<\ VjTêu
dT|d< + . djT+> n<Ty T q VjTê k s+#&y T X< wD,
d+\ds<jT+, eTT|+, sVdjTks~ |\T >+<\
|\T# VjTê d]+#sT.
y>M|jTq VjTê nqT>V+ je\eTV] Yd
<qT|X+ V- @y k<q' (us+ ` y|s+ `323`78) n
eTVus+ d<+r]+q ns ydeTV] + Cde HHyT
n VjTs bUq+ |+VD+ #XsT. |se s l y<+< \T
` n<dq Ts+>e $\dV>d+VdH<#s~V <e+ deT~
eTH+ q eTHeTV, jTkk u <<V<e djT+ u $T+
eT>H+ u$ H+ uy se deTTsjT HsjTD' (sV djT ksyT ` 31e
n~syT ) nH X+ es HsjTDX |j > #jT &+ <s d+#sT.
lywe d+|<j #+~q |s\eTsBX\ n+V+q |\T d+<s\qT jTq d|+<eHKeTH >+<+
+f y>TD+ me Cq$s~ ` nH ns d+#&+ dyT.

|\Cq$s~ =\, n++ f <Ts\yTq $s~ =\>&+ Xs+ <T
<! +<Te\H ydeTV]L& q d ns dd,
eT<Td<qXu |j+, eT L& qq\+ eT<Td<q{
|ds D |\ +>H k + *+Z < |U|q #XsT. qTH |< |sD+
VjTê nqT>V + y<~ u b+~q #T sTKTe\ ydeTV]
y<<T\ u+ *+Z <H d deTqsTTdT+ ~.
|< |sD+ \T|&q #T sTKVjT ds |sD\ |D
nH $wj lseqTE\T y<sd + >V + \T|&y T , q je\
d+y<+qT, VjTs bUH<T\qT ss TT+|&q eT+ ,
b+#sbeD, Xb+#s>e\ sk luw>+<+
eek|+ #sT. B >T]+q dsd r <$ lseqTE\ $wjT + VjTê\
nqT>V + |Ps+ > q< XsTT+#T=, luc \+q sT y,
n' b deTTjT +jT <H VyT , sTDZ + sV +s+ HsjTD
eTHeTjTyT, d>T D+ # j jTT+ <e+ <M+ dsd ryT n XjTq
d , HsjTD+ qeTd qs+ #e qse TyT, <M+ dsd r+ y#+
jT eTTBsjTY nH eTVus~ d \T|&q q
eT\u Tsq dsd r Xy # nsTTq y>$ L&qy&T, q | nsTTq
# T s T KTq y +<\{ |d< + .
lyw y #s|s+ |s #+~q #sT\ VjTêu y] d\ <s
dw| & T Tq~. jeTTH#sT\ysT ks + d qy eT<T <+|T
ds CHqTs>eTVeXj +dy T , H<jT H<e TTqjT- |s
#| + jTBjT#sD XsD + eTBjTyT n (2e X+ ) eT |eTVQ\T,
lyw y #sT\ |<e T>DTq H<e TTqT\ eT<T d<qu jT+ |Xq<T
d<q', VD.... eT<T d<HyT ~ X <T |+VD |d< s y T q
eT<Td<qHeTsX|Ps+> d+#sT. n+ +&, dT
y<|V s (13e X+ ) nH X+ eT >\ eT<T d<q u d+#sT.
X+ y<|Vs nH |j>+ VjT^yes|seT bNq
10
21
VjTêkD
22
y>+uDd+
e]+#sT. nf, e< eT |es q eT<#sT\ysT, s|T y+<k$T, y]

w&q n|D#sT\ysT L& VjT^ys< . e< d+|<j
#+~q |\T VjTê dT T \T L& q$.
$<+ > |\T y~ ` ny~ eT\qT, us< X + , |\T $<X\
y| , b<H *qZ VjTêk$T yu y *| = k\T |dT +
d+\q+ #jT& \|TT$esD ddV<jT bs\ deT+
deT]+|&TTq$. seT yd, $<<+dT\T, .y. leH .|.se
qTk$Ty] Vjqq$+X' nH dT eT yUq+ bT eTT~+#
& nqTeT+q H\sT yde\T, dV<jT$TeTD .y.leH
&..m. HsjTD k$Ty] d~ \ qT deT]dTH qT. sTeV+<
|s+ eTVeT+&| d+bD d+<s + |#T ]+#&q <+e nH
d+\q >+<+ qT+& = VjTê dT T \T |Ps+> d]+|&sTT.
H eT +&>sq .y.leH .+.s+>seqTC#sk$T y]
\Vjqq dT|u dT eT $esD+ eTT~+#& nqTeT+q
>ZjT| yde\T leH nsTD e]>] <qy< deTsDqT
#d =+THqT. q |jT + VQ< bV+q $TesT\T, X~q ,
n|Psq d<+Z <\qT |#T ]+|Cd q ysT, sd+ |<jT|#s< + DTq
leH s$ yVqse>] \qT Vs+> \T=+THqT. |\T
d<+Z <\qT eT |$<e+ eTT~+|Cd T q <+|T \T, dV <jT T\T leT
q&|H fX seT, ldsHsjTD |D<+|T \ H V] <q y<\qT
\T =+THqT. VjTêq d++~+q $eTsHyTq, deT>yTq
kV n+~+# |jT + sT>e\dq eX q~. VjTêk$T
|e\ n~ ns\+H d|\ + >\< d, d\e.
sT|,
10`7`14
(TT><+`10`125)
|y
VjTê | nsTTq y>$ n+u DT&H TTw |> y>$ nH
|sT ne]++< |sD\T |s=+THsTT. yT, TT><+ <XeT
eT+&\+ 125 d <]+ |*+~. ~ y>+u Dd eTq&TTq~.
d s+ $e]+|&TTq~.
d eTT+<T d+ ;u H+ djT T+ V+d eVQ sb+
~yH+ dU #s+yT (10`124`9) (V+dXy#T&q VjTê
ujT|&qy] dKT> |\TTHsT.) n n+ VjTê eTVeT
\T|&+~. $w \ d+V 250e n<jT+ n< V+deTqT+ e
n s+_+ V+deT+ $e]d VjTê eTV+ e+< n nq&+
<s VjTê& V+dX y #T& \T|&+~. dH nV d+b| +
V+dyT (3`33`19) n s+_+, d y' (3`33`34) nH |s ++
>\ V]e+XX\ V+deTq&y&T y>M |jT q VjTê& ` n $X<+
#jT &+~.
y#+ ||<Y yy VQy<X |e', nV+ sT<_ ]
y^ ue eqe' (nV+ sT<_' n bs+ue TjT eT+\qT |d ,
VAeT+ #d y>$ XsDT b+<*. $<+> #d eqe&T y
b+<T&T) n TT<q+qT, nV+ sT<_ ]Y y^ ue eqe'
(nV+ sT<_' nH d |d eqe&T y b+<>\ &T) n
$w< s s + L& \T|&+~. ]' ls HDyT (^`10`34)
n ^ y>e jT \<$ +f _qTs\T> |k$+|&q+<Tq,
d+<s + y<+< \T eT s#+~ MsT u> y qT |\T$<q
X \ T n $e]+q+<Tq, y>$ u <e\e l<$ +f yisTTq~`
n >V+#&+H W+ q~. edwd y deTH |sT
s +|&q~ y>+u D dy T ` n d #+~, ss+ yTT<q
T
y~+#T T< q$<j
T T&T
VjTêkD
.@.+>s#sT\T
11
VjTêkD
23
24
>+<\qT s+qy]# \T|&+~. Te+{ >=|H \, m$T~

eT+\qT *qZ d+ y>$ q |jTT (VjTê jTT) yu y
ueH |s q s|+#T= |*q e <]+#e#T. n+<Te\
d+ dT +|&q nXjT + n+ VjTê yu e + |s eddT + <
*j*.
VjTêkD
y y T (eTTq u> y qT >=|<q keT+ Xd <T\ d~+ H,

><bsesy T ` n+f ` >T q T dw+ #&+ , s+ #&+ , \jT+ #jT &+
yTT<q ybs\ | , $T*q $wj \ keT+ ` n Vd\T
yTT<qy<s Xs\D sbq s\ keT+ @$<+>
k|+#&TTq<, n< & L& keT+ k|+#&TTq<
>V +#*. b+#s>e #+~q kd+ V _q\D *qZ X \ T
` ~> #| &q~ <) n nq&+ <s ><bseTH |s V \D +
\<$ < *bsT. \<$ q|&T, yT n+Xu Ts\T nq<q~,
Je{ n+s $ +q~> n+<i# n+^]+|&q~ nsTTq y>$
d+ *q ><bs<T\T @$<+ > bd>T sTT? n n+f, bd>e ,
yT. nsTTH, Xg<c |<X yeT<eeY (yeT<e TTwe Xg<w
|<X + ) n Vd\ ss TT+|&q , nV+ eTqTue + dsX
(HH eTqTeqT, dsT&qT) nH yeT<ee, n<s sdT sT<Te, |s q
$< +<T e, |V<Te lw $Xw+q >|\e |se
<w>, ueH|s > |\T&q~ qT $s<+ <T. ly<+
<\T n_bjT+ $<y T q ~ >, d+ y>$ >sD<T\qT
=+<iT k~+#\ #&e#T. , n~ VdsT\T, luwsT\T,
ly<+< \T yTT<q n_E\ n_bj $sT<+ ` nH $wjT + dTdw+
<!
2. nV+ keT eVqd+ _u] nV+ cse TT |PwD+ u> y T
nV+ << $T <$D+ V$w dTb| jTeHjT dTq
Vqd+ R (XTe\qT) d+V]+#y&qT, keTyT R keTT&H <eHq,
nV+ R HH, _u] R <] dTH qT, cs+ R w nH <eqT, |PwD+ R
|Pc ` nH <eqT, u> + R u> T &H <eqT, nV+ (_u] ) R HqT <] dTH qT,
V$w R V$dTqT \y&T, dTb| R eT+ V$dTqT <e\ #y&T,
dTq R keTsk VAeT+ #dy&q , jTeHjT R j> #dy,
nV+ R HH, <$DyT R (j>|\ yTq ) d+|<q T, << $T R dTH qT.
deTd <e\ <syT +& duy s|d , HH j <e\
n+s$T> + jTC\ | nqT>V dTH qT ` n n+Tq~.
1.
nV+ sT<_' edT_ Xs$T nV e~ sT $X<y'

nV+ $T esTDu _u$ T nV $T+<^ nV eTHu
nV+ R HqT, sT<_' R @<X sT<T\qT |sd]+#T=, edT_' R
nwedTe\qT |sd]+#T=, #s$T R #]kqT (ssVDqT #kqT),
~ ' R <<X~T\qT, $X<y' R $X<e\qT, nV+ (#s$T) R
HqT ssVDqT #kqT, u $T esTD R $TT&T, esTDT&T ` nH
<i T <e\, nV+ R HqT, _u$ T R <] dTH qT, +<^ R +<T,
n, nV+ R HqT, (_u$ T R <] dTH qT), u nH R 
#d = dwd d+Vs s\qT q&T|Tq~ HH ` n y>$ |\TTq~.
(nV+.... $X<y' ) ` |< =+&TeT+~ sT<T\, m$T~eT+~ edTe\,
|H +&TeT+~ ~T\, $X<e\ dc~ssVDqT #dT q ~ HH.
y] k<q +> #d = HH ssVDqT #dT H q ue+. ysT @$<+ >
k<q u T\T neTHsT? n n+f,
(nV+ $T esTD nHu) ` HH $TT&T, esTDT&T ` nH n+<iT <e\qT HH
<]dTq+<Te\, HH y] k<q+> #d= dw `d` d+Vs\qT
sVdTHqT ` n ue+. ly<+<\T #T'X uw+ (s+&e
Xu w+) jT< eTTd u> e |se TkyT Xd ~d< | ><bs
es$ T \D u ss' yw e T+ k| , < V| ue _q\D $T
12
VjTêkD
25
26
VjTêkD
(|<e jTjHyT) ` jTC y $w' ` n #|&q+<Tq

jT| sTw&q $we qT XsTT+qy] yTT<{ <qqT. k$T Xwy T
+&<qq ue+. +<Te\ \<$ L& |s V{ #] y~+#y]
|+ s]+|&qsTTq~. (+ e <y e<T<T ' |sT) ` nTe+{
qqT s~+#&+ d+ <e\T |\T# L& HsT. |\T#
+&>* qZ <qy e? n n+f (u ]k+ u syXj
T +ryT) ` |\T#
~eeT+> s|+ *# <qqT, |\T# H ds| >TD\ y|+
+& < qqT < H q T. j T < d s > $w ' < y j T + ~C e T!
($w. |.`1`8`17) (~Ce ! @ $we ds y|jT H&, $<+ >H
yT L& dsy|jT q~) n, \ deTd<Y||+# yb
BXdT k-| dsyT (\<$ # #H#q\T n y|+|&
HsTT. yT XsT&q HsjTDT# nsTT n$ n eyT , yT
L& y|+|& q~) n Xk\T |T wdT H sTT. jeY V $w +
er y (TT><+`10`114`8) (|s V q #T n+ y>$ q~)
nH d L & < s +. & \ T| & q d s | y|
n|T {| T HkeTs +e\ @s&+~ ` nH $wj l$w |sD yUq+
$w T\ T *bsT. dV +>H yT *+Z < ly<+< \T u$+#sT.
4. eTj k nqeT j $|X jT' bD jT + XDTy T
neT+y e+ |j
T + X~ X ! X~e + e<$T
jT' R me&T, nqyT n R nH uT dH &, d' R n&T , eTj R H
sD+>H (uT dTH &T), jT' $|X R me&T $Xw+ > #dTH &, (d'
eTj $|X R n&T He\H #dTH &T), jT' bD R me&T }|]
$&TdTH &, (d' eTj bDR n&T He\H }|] $&TdTH &T), jT'
+ XD R me&T #| &q eqT $+TH&, (d' eTj XD R
n&T #|&q eqT $q>\TZTH&T), yT eyT R nsy#T&q
u> y qTq | nsTTq qqT, neT+e' R mesT neeq+ #dT H s, R
ysT, |j
T + R qdTH sT, X R z C!, X~ R \+#T, X~e + R
leTHsjTDT >], R , e<$T R |\TTHqT ($qT).
eT++ - + d\ #q T\ d\ |eT\ T H n+s$T
nsTTq HsjTDT e\H |e]dT H sTT - n y>$ n+Tq~. (eTj k
|se T|sTw ds jT|\ |< q s|+#T= y>$ |*q d

~. j j>\<s s~+|& <e<, j>|\qT ks
\TdTq ~. eTi, HH j>| \qT kqT n |\T&+ >T H? n n+f,
(nV+...u> y T ) ` |\TesT <e\qT <] +#<qqT HH. y] d HBq+
q|&T, y] |eT\ T H nBq+ +&+ T @$T? (nV+....dTq)
` j <e\ n+s$T> +& HH nj <e\qT < + j>+
#d jTe | dTH qT. \u # ' eH eTjT e $VH
VH (He\H nqT>V+|& eTHs<\qT j <e\e<qT+&
b+<TTHsT) n, nV+ V dsjTCH+ u # |uT se # (HH n
jTC\qT nqTu$ +#y&qT, y{ | #y&qT HH) nq ^ lw
u> y qT&T ns |*&T. |\ eT ||' (|\ + ` |se T|sTw
e\H \_dT q ~, n< bd>T Tq+<Te\) n VdsT\T L& |*sT
<!
3. nV+ sw d+>eT edH+ T w |<e jTj HyT
+ e <y e<<T' |sT u]k+ usyXjT+ryT
nV+ R HH, sw R X] neTHqT, edH+ R d+|<\ qT, d+>eT R
(bd \) \T>C d<qqT, T w R |se CH *qZ <qHq HH,
jTj H+ R jT| sTwq #+~qy], |<e R yTTyT T<{< qqT,
u ]k+ R |\T# +&<qqT, u ] yXj
T +ryT R |\T# |y +
+&<qqT nsTTq, yT R nTe+{ qqT, <y' R <e\T, |sT R
|\T#, e<<T ' R (s~+#&+ d+) L& HsT.
d+ <s \<$ HH ` n y>$ n+Tq~.
(nV+ sw) ` X+ ds u HyT (ld+ ) nq& ds u X ]
nsTTq \ yT H nejTeu Ts q~ ` n ue+.
(d+>eT edHyT) ` XsTT+#y] n d+|<\ qT # \<$
HH. + mTe+{ <qqT? n n+f, (T w) ` VCH *qZ <qqT.
He |seT|sTw djT+>H #, \+<T\ #|&q
eeV]+# >=|H *qZ <qqT,
13
VjTêkD
27
28
nqeT jT') - me&T nH uT dTH &, n&T H e\H q>\TZ TH&T.

H n+s$TjT q |se jT ss s|& \ +& nH Js+
#dT H & ue+. u> e BZ - nV+ yX qs u bDH+ <V ed ' ,
bDbqdejTT' |#eTq+ #T ]<y T (15-14) (HqT Je\ Xs+
ss H, bDbH<T\L& +&, u u #wbjT sb\T> H\TZ
$<q nH\qT Js+ #dT H qT) n lw u> y qT&H&T. ($|X jT')##y&TL& H e\H #&>\ TZT H&T.
(bD jT') - }|] $&#y &T H e\H }|] $&TdTH &T.
V yHY ' bDY jT<w X q+< q kY (djT+|X
\y&T, q+< ds| nsTTq u> y qT&T b , me&T +
J$+#>\ &T?) n q+<e* |*+~.
(yT eyT) - nsy#Tq | nsTTq+<Tq n #| &
qqT - n ns+ . >jT yT Ewd q' (z >jTr! \<$ e |
| b+<T #sTT) n >jTr<$ yVq eT++ yT n l<$
s +|&+~. (<oyT eyT) Te+{ qqT - n kjTDuw+.
(neT+e') - qqT nee+#ysT mes, ( |j
T +) - ysT
dTs CT\ |& qksT . neCq+ e+ eT&' eqTw+ qTeyT ,
(^ -9-11) (eT&T\T, eqe<V XsTT+q qqT neeTdTHsT)
n, qV+ ~w' LsH d+ksw qs<eH, beTd eTXuH
ndTwe jw, ndT+ j e|H eT& q q, eeTb| e
+jT ! j+<e + >yT (^ -16-19....20) (qqT <w+#ysT,
LsT\T, eqe\ n<e TT\T, neT+>y T q y] HqT m\| & d+ks+H
- n+<TH - dTsq\H |&< kqT. ndTsqqT b+~, | qqT
CqVqT, qqT b+< , + + n<e T>H b+<TsT) n ^
lw& T |*&T. q+# +& & i y ] <HH #|s<? `
n n+f, (X~) ` $qT. (X) ` VQXCH \y&! HqT
#| ujT< $+fH |X q de<q+ \_dT + ~ ` n ue+.
< $H*? n n+f,
(X~e + e<$T) ` X< nq& \ L&q |s >]
\TTHqT. X~' ` X<j ` <jTj jTTyT ` X< ` n+f
VjTêkD
<jds|D nsTTq \ L&qy&T X~e' nTe+{y>]

\TqT $qT. X<j <y ~ X<d + qT, yT< X< dsdr
($w |`1`9`11) nH $w |sDd qT X<X + s +|& +
L& +& |se T|sTw>] \TTHqT. $qT ` n ue+. (X~ X)
` #e\Tq+<T q |\ + \_+#T> \+#T ` n n+Tq~, y>$ .
5. nVyTe djT $T<+ e<$T Ew+ <y_ sT eqTw_'
jT+ eTjT + eTT>+ D$T + VD+ eTw+ dTyT<yT
<y_ ' R <e\ #, eqTw_' R eqe\#, Ewy T R | d$+|&q
|se qT>], nVyT @e R HH, djT+ e<$T R HsT > |\TqT, jT+
jT+ eTjT R me me HqT s+#>sTTHH, + + R j
e , >+ R sT<T>, D$T R #dT H qT, + R j e , VD+
(D$T) R V> #dT H qT, yT TTw+ (D$T) R n TTw> #dT H qT,
+ R n, dTyT<yT (D$T) R >=| yT<d T qT \y> #dT H qT.
V sT<<T\ j |<e \qT |s nsTTq HH #dT H qT `
n n+Tq~, +<T
(nVyTe djT$T<+ e<$T) ` |s yTq HH B |\TTHqT.
V <w |\TTHq s+. , n |jTeTVw nsTTq HH
\TTHqT ` n L& ue+. <? n n+f,
(Ewy T <y_ ' eqTw_') ` <e\#, eqe\# | d$+|&
|s >] |\TTHqT. Ew ` |, deqj' nH~ <Te.
(<y_ ' ) ` nV+ sT<_ sdT_ Xs$T nV e~ '.... nHu
n d bs+u+ #| &q <e\+<i# d$+|& |s `
n s+.
(<y_ sT eqTw_') ` dsT\, d+ksT\ ` n L& ue+.
DY yH mqTyT eTDsY $DsY (sTyjYT`1`8`3) (u ydT\,
dsT\ + HkjTT&T) n, yHsYyT eTDsYyT y|
(dsT\, eqe\ >=| ~) (HqTHsT`45) n ~edsT\T,
# syH eTT eTsHyT n n+ d+dy< + ns d++~.
14
VjTêkD
29
30
VjTêkD
seY R d+|<q T +&T> *qZ , e]' R kH, jdw+ R (MTsT L&

$we jTT nqT>V +#) b+<sT.
eT++ TT><+ @&e eT+&+ q\u e d+ nsTT<e
eT++. +<T sT<T&T, n <e\T $we qT>] |d T #d, eTeT
|<e \T b+<s \T|&TTq~.
(nd) ` ds HeTXu q eTXu~X <X nH
|d~ b+~qy&T ` n ue+. $<yTq qT&T n<eTT\qT
nqT>V +#&+ Xs+ @MT < ue+.
(<ed) ` ~e ` & $^c eeVs<T dT y<eT<d |+
>w n \T|&q ~e <Teq \ ns\ dV +>H bd>
nXj *qZ y jTT ` n ns+ . +<Te\H @ <e' n |\T y<
y\TqT, k<e' (sTb~ <e&T) n Vd |sD<T\qT
]+ |&&T . sTb~ <e&q +<Te\ kb~< e \ y] y]
|<e \qT e&+ Xs+ @MT <T ` n ue+.
(MT&T w') ` $TV ` d#H nH <TeqT+& |<+ |{q +<Te\,
yT|T + e]+#f, n+ d\ |\ |< nsTTq+<Te\ sT<~ <e\T e< | b+<&+
@MT Xs+ <T ` n ue+.
(ej') ` Te+{ <eq XKe+{y&T (sT<T&T) ej' XU
n jdsT+ \TTq~. e e n n+ e+ > #| & $we q
sT<T&T XKe+{y&T. q nejTeu T& +&y&T ` n ue+. d
, n+>qH <e' (n&T , $T*q <e\+<iT n+>u T\T)
n j|wT |*+~. sTeH sTeqvZT mqTqTyT H (dsj
|+<+`98) (sT ` n+f ` sT<T&T ` ` n+f ` $wejTT
<V+ n+>uT& H&T) n dsjL& ns *bsT.
nejTy bw+# nejT$ +T+<? ` n ue+.
($c' ej') ` ds&q $weq nejTeuT& +&y&
ue+. $w ds <e' (s jT uVDyT`1`1) ($wy d\ <y&T)
$<+ > <e\#, eqe\# d$+|&& @$T sD+? n n+f

` (jT+ eTjT + yT >+ D$T + VDyT) me s+#
>sTTHH, n sT<T> #dT H qT. nH V> #dT H qT. >
d w qeT' (V#yT ), >-d (X| < y T ) yTT<q y< y\,
;eT eTT>+ eTV<eyT ($w |s`1`8`7) ~ # eTVsT\T sT<Tq
> Xu sT<|s + > |j +q+<Tq, n+, |<+ sT y +
VDyT ` n VqT s+q+<Tq & >Xu sT<y#+>
>V +#&y T jTT+ .
(yT yT ) ` n n ` j e ` n ns+ . yT yT
n |j +q+<Tq jTyT nH |< L& jTyT jTyT n nqTe
#dy*. yT yT n nq+<Te\ nH~\+> u> e |e\ sT<
|<$ , V |<$ b+~qJe\ n+T<T ` n d+|&+~. >+>
j d <s jT< es ydy, X >DsTTT+ , q er' |eTV'
($wd `20) (>+>q~ dT s DTe\qT, +<T&T es+ ]|+#|&T
]d es< s\qT @$<+ > + +#&+ k< + <, n< >& q
V\ d+KqTL& +#&+ k< + <T) n $wd B |+VD+
#dT~. Hb | &*H dTDY eTD* |\sY nHsY ivZyT
e\DT [qesY (sTyjYTyTT[`4`1`4) (u$+ #d ` m+ eT+~
|uTe\T m jTT>\T> \qT b*+ >+bjs, qT
& + , deTT< s DTe\ qTe, k< + <T) n Xs |d ] nHsT,
L& sT<Tq d + |se T|sTw& |<e \qT nqT>V dTH &T ` nH $wj
+ eTi= TT>< eT+\T \TTHsTT. y{ s +&T >eT<+.
nd <ed MT&T c ej $cs wd |u < V$]'
$<V sT< sT~jT+ eTV + jdw+ e] sH $seY
MT&T w' R n;c\qT e]+#y&T, @wd R y&< qy&T, <ed R (dV yTq )
<e&q , $c' R $we q, ej' R XKe+{y&q (nejTeu T&q ), sT<'
R sT<T&T, |u < R (ds yT<y T ` nH) >=|j>+, V$]' R (q
bT> n) V$dT\qT deT]+, sT~jT+ R sT<|< $ #+~q~ nsTTq,
eTV + R >=|H, $<V R b+<&T <!, nH R z n <es!,
15
VjTêkD
31
32
VjTêkD
(nH) ` z n <es!, (seY e]' $c' jdw+ V) `

nq+ +&q kH, <e\+ +& Xs+ +&q kH `
n ue+. (jdwyT) ` $c' jdw+ V n n+ & L&
nqsTT+#Ty*. eT+ $esD ljeTTqT\ ^s d+>V + 27e
X yUd | y<+ <\T *bsT. eT++
<s sT<T&T, n <e\T yTT<q <e\T n+<iT $we e\H eT eT
|<e \T b+<sT ` n \T|&+~. |&T += eT+ >eT+#+&.
e ojT eTsT eTsj
T + sT< jT eT #sT yT
|<+ jT~c sT|eT+ <sTT q bd >TV+ HeT >HyT
sT<R z sT<!, jTY R @ sD+e\, R jTT, eT R q, #sT
R n+<yTq~>, + R XssyTq~>, (n+<Te\H), e R jTT,
ljT R d+|<q T ` Xs ` b+<&+ d+, jTY $c' |eT+ |<y T R
$we jTT, q H k{ e# @ l#sD +, <sTT R ($ees\+)
|&q<, (<), eTsT' R <e\T, eTsjT+ R X~dTHsT
(n_wdTHsT), q R $<+>, $weqT s~+ b+~q Xs
*qZ y&q +<Tq, >HyT R ($we qT s +#) Xu\, >TV+ HeT R n
sV dyTq He, bd R eTqdT >T|+ > +#T=He.
~ TT><+ |+#eT eT+&\+ eT&e d+ eT&e eT++.
+<T $we jTT l#sD \qT n_w+ <e\T sT<|< $ b+<>sT
THsT ` n, $<+ > $wl
#sD d$+ |<$ b+~q+<Te\H
sT<T&T se T+ <] + H&T ` n <w+ |&TTq~.
(e ljT) ` Xs b+<+d+ ` += \+ eT
sT<|<$ b+<+d+ ` n ns+. (eTsT' eTsjT+) ` eTsT'
esj
T + ` <e\T n_wdT H sT` n ns+ sT<|< $ nH~ n+{
qyT q <? n n+f,
(sT<) ` z sT<!, (jTY + #sT yT ) ` X| < VD<T\
$e]+|&q q n+<yT q ~, Xssy T q ~ nsTTq+<Tq, < b+<\
<e\T n_wdT H sT. < n_wdT H sT? n n+f, (|<y T jTY $c
sT|eT+ <sTT) ` q H k{ nsTTq $we jTT @ #sD + \qT
n y<+ |\TTq+<Tq sT<T&T, n<e\T yTT<q ysT |s V ` nH

e XKe+{ysT ` n nq+ T <T. ` n kjTDT\T
yU+#sT.
(@wd ) ` @wDj
T d ` b]+|< qyjTT ` n ns+ . k$T,
]qy n{ # <sT&q +<Tq & b]+|< qy&, e\
<e\+<iT eT eT |<e \qT b+<&+ Xs+ <T ` n ue+.
, sT<T&T @$<+> q |<$ b+<&T? nH $wjT+
$e]+|&TTq~.
(|u<) ` >=| ne<+ ` ds yT<e TH j>+ ` n ue+.
(V$]') ` Te+{ V$dT n $Xw+ |\Tq+<Te\, + V$dT
n s +|& <y\{ VAeT+ #d, es qqT L& VAeT+
#d=H&T, sT<T&T ` n d+|&+~. +<Te\H< j>+
dsyT<yT n nq&TTq~. eTV<e dsyT< eTV VQ-q+
<e<y u e, dsH H y| $wu s $s <TeH yk'
(us+ ` s<s +`22`12) (eTVT&q eTV<e&T j>+ qqT L&
VAeT+ #d = <e<e&j &T. >#s <] +, >=|> |+#y&,
d\\qT q ] y|+#y&, n{ <]+ y\TZTH&T) n
eTVus+ y<e T++ $e]+|&+~.
(sT<' sT~jT+ eTV+ $<V ) \+ sT<T |<$ q
nXj (>=|H) nsT<q #d b+<&T <! ` n ue+.
, jTT> {dV kD $w es< |\bT |<ue&q V, $weqT
s~+, ] eTT\ <> +& |<$ b+<& $+THeTT) nH
X+ #| &qT, Ve sT<T&T L& += \+ (sT<) |<$
b+<&T <` n L& ue+.
(eTVyT $<V ) ` <e<e&j &T < ` n ue+. $<+ > sT<T&T
|<$ b+<&+ eyT H? n<eq MTsTL& $we e<q T+& <
|<$ b+<sT` n y] < + | \T|&TTq~.
16
33
34
=\Te&+ d+ +#&q<, < n_wdT H sT. (|eTyT) ` e $X

|~M (yjT+r |T+Te) n yjT+r |T+Te #|&q+<Tq
u $T dMT|+ +#&q<! nH ns+ dT]+#>, q+> #q #sD
|<+ ddTq < L& #| e#T. <e\qT u $T dMT|+ n
|*q+<Tq, dT\u+ > |&q ~ \TTq~. <e\T sT<|< $
d+ $w |< n_wdT H sT n nq+<Te\, $we #sD n_w+
q+<Te\H sT<T&T q |<$ b+<& d+|&+~.
(q bd >TV+ HeT >HyT) ` $<+ > $we b<, n_w+
|<$ b+~q+<Te\H, $wu \ # >=|y&, $we jTT He\
n sV dyTq sH e nq~sT\ #$ k eTqdT >T|+ >
|T= b&T, q n~sT\ e+ |< dTH e.
(>TV+ HeT >HyT) ` u> y qT He\ n sV dyTq HeT+ `
n lseT HeTeTH s HeT+ #|&TTq~ ` n y<+$j~
>+<\ \T|&+~. sT<T&T sH e eTqdT \T|=, n~sT\
|< k&T ` nH~ |sD|d< + .
s +&T eT+\ <s sT<|< $ |se T|sTw&q $we
jTT nqT>V +e\ d~d T q < #|&+~. n+<Te\ jT+ eTjT eTT>+
D$T nH |Ps d+<s + L& ns+ \T|&q< u$+#&y T
jTT+.
, nVyTe ~ nsTT<e eT++ $T*q ns >eT<+.
(jT+ eTjT + VD+ D$T) ` sT<|< $ eyT <T, H w+
+f, V> L& #jT >\qT. &, eTsT\ , VsT<T\qT
e+ |k$+ $we qT |k$+#q+<Te\ $wy VsT<<T\ |<$
# |s eT dT|&T Tq~.
(yT TTwyT ) ` HqT ], n edc~ TTw\T> L& #jT >\qT.
(yT dTyT<yT) ` HqT ], n Vd yTT<q >=| yT<d T qT
\y] > #jT >\qT.
eT++ y>$| nsTTq VjTê nqT>V+e\
VsT<T\T eT eT |<e \qT b+<TTHs ss TT+|&+~.
6.
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
nV+ sT<jT <q T sH$T V~w Xsy V+y

nV+ HjT deT<+ D$T nV+ <y|~M $yX
nV+ R HqT, sT<jT R sT<Td+, V~w R uVDT\qT <w+#
y&, Xsy R V+d+#y&, |sydjT q ndTsT, V+y R d+V]+#&+
d+, <q T' R $+{, H$T R H] d+~dT H qT, nV+ R HqT, HjT
R H <dT\ d+, deT<+ R jTT<, D$T R #dT H qT, nV+ R HqT,
<y|~M R <e, u $T, $yX R y|+#qT.
sT<<T\T y] y] |<e\ jT$T+#&+eyT <T, y]
n+s$TH \ +&, |sd+ Vs~ s\qTL& q&|<qqT HH `
n n+Tq~, y>$ .
(nV+ sT<jT <qT sH$T) ` HH sT<Tq $+{ H]
|P]dTH qT. kjTDuw+ L& nsy T \T|&+~. $w s u> e
uek$T d', kY <qTsd+dsZ+ d $wV eTVXs' (us `
s| s +`35`50) (n+T dTqT \y&q u> y qT&q eq $we
. n+<Te\H, $+{ H] d+~+#&+ eTVXsTq k<|&q~) n
eTVus+ u> y qT&q ydT&T eT+ $e]+#&T. m+<Td+ H]
d+~+#&T? n n+f,
(V~w Xsy V+y ) ` uVD<w, V+d&T nsTTq
|sdTsT e~+#&+ d+.
(V~w) ` |s VqT <w+#y] ` n L& ns+ . uVDT\qT
<wd, uVD eTeT <e' (uVDT\T H <e\T) nH |eD{
|se qT <w+#ys< >\sT. VX+ y<L& \TT+~ qT,
y< <w+#y] ` n L& #| e#T. (Xsy) ` V+d ` n ns+ .
~rj $u s + # T $ u | j +| & + ~. (V + y ) `
d+V]+#&+d+,
(nV+ HjT deT<+ D$T) ` sT<<T\qT k<q +> #d =, qqT
XsTT+q <e\d+ HH ndTsT\ jTT<+ #kqT. nsH mq |syT
eTqT m]T (dV d^`1`1`8) n ns Xs |d ] |*sT. deq+
e<+ deT<yT nH e <s jTT<e TH ns d$T<X + dT+ ~.
17
VjTêkD
35
36
VjTêkD
(nV+ dTy) ` |seqT dw+#T> |s|dTq~ qT, H

dwd T q T> |\TTq~. jT<X+> ns >V d $) >sD+ +& nqjT+ ` nH
$wj y<+ <\ bT lywe|Ps#sT\+<iT @+s+>
n+^]+#sT ($<+>H \<$ $wjT+ L& >sD+
nqj n+^]+q $wjT + & dsDj
T +) @< L&
(y>$ L&) >sD+ nqjT+ +f, XsT\T (|s V\T) qT, <s+>qT,
sD+>qT +&y&T s _ { XjT + +& |se jT. H d
d |eT\ T k$T nBH\T qT, Xs~+ ` nH <w+ d+u$ +#<T
` n ue+.
(n+' deTT<) ` jT eT+' deTT< ej ejT+ (me
deTT<+|\ +&y> CqT\T *d=+THs) n, n+ud bs
n, deTT<-++ HsjTDyT n HsjTDe* #| &q s _H<T &q
HsjTDT& &T ` n #|&+~.
(' $X uT eH esD nqT $w) k$T H yd kqyTq +<Tq
HqT n \qT H <V + y|+ y\TZT HqT.
($X uT eH) ` $X uT eH ` _u n \T `
n ns+ .
(esD) ` <V + ` n ns+ . ~ eTT+<T yqT\ nqsTTdT+ ~.
$w| sD~ |d< y T q $>V y| ~ \TT+~. jT< ds> $w'
<y j
T + ~Ce T, j # $wH #+ ! ><|+ #s#sy T ~>
\<$ jTT $>V y| >] $w| sD<T\ \T|&+~ <)
$u eyT H?
( neTyT <+ es D |dX$T) ` q kq+ +&
$u HsTyT y|dT H qT. + $X ebjTjT+
(q sTyT + $u n+{ bw+# \<$) n
u> e <eqTE\T ly +s >< |*sT.
sT<<T\T @$<+ > k<q u T\T? n n+f, (nV+ <y |~M $yX)
` HH < sT<<T\ bT deTd y|+#qT. n+<Te\ HH M]
k<q +> #d = |s d+Vs<T\qT #XqT ` n ue+.
$<+ > eT++, sT<T&T |s\qT <V +q|&T <q TdTqT
H] d+~+#>\Z&+ |se n n+s$TjT q+<Te\H ` n
\T|&+~. ns+ jTEs<uVD+ ie +& ` s +&e |X |sdTs
d+Vs $e]+# |s D + L& <& ] +|&+~.
7. nV+ dTy |s e Td eTsH eTeT j s| +' deTT<
$w uT eHqT $X eT+ <+ es D|d X$T
nd R |se jTT, eTsH R sdT , |s + R <e,
nV+ R HqT, dTy R dwd T H qT, eTeT j' R H ydu T& +&
|se, n+' deTT< R s_, n| R { (XjT+ H&T),
' R n&T H ydu T& q+<Tq, $X uT eH R n \qT,
nqT$w R y|+ y\TZTHqT, R n+, neT+<+ R q
kq+ +& |se T|<, es D R s|+, |d X$T R y|dT H qT.
>sD+ qqT+& nqj, q >\ $>V y| >] y>$
|\TTq~.
(nV+ dTy |s eTd eTsH ) ` deTdX e T\ <sd due',
deTd y#eT\Y VD-| due', y#y#d + +<' j ssY
|rjT (dV +>H s+ n Xu\ eT\sDyT q+<Tq, dV +>H
|s V n ns\ eT\sDyT q+<Tq, s, |s V
#| & d++<+ Xuss |yT q d++<+ > ns ' dT]dTq ~) nH
ds sDT& q+<Tq nsy#T&q |se jTT sdT <T HH
dwd T H qT ` n ns+ . eTsH ` eT] ` \ n ns+ .
(|s y T ) ` <' | n C #| &q+<Te\ |<+ <T
\TTq~.
(nd eTsH dTy) ` s <' n <T |s VjTT \>
s|+q+<Te\ $<+ > |\TTq~. , u + \ |u >+
<T dwd T H qT ` n L& ns+ .
18
VjTêkD
37
38
$<+> eT++ \<$ >sD+ +& nqj

>], $>V y| >] $e]+|&+~.
8. nV yTe y e |y$T sue D uT eH $X
|s ~y |s @H |~y @er eTVH d+u e
$X uT eH R n \qT, sue D nVyT @e R dw+#&+
s+_+q HH, y' e R yjTTee, |y$T R MdTH qT, |s' ~y R
<T |q q<qqT, @H |~y' |s' R u $T >=|<qqT
nsTTq HqT, eTVH @er d+u e R eTVeT Te+{ <qH HqT.
V<w q d+ sD, sXjT eTVeTqT |\T y>$
d |]de| #dT q ~. +<T \T|&q eTVeT y>$ | nsTTq
VjTê eTVeT |s eddT + < |Psy T .
(nVyTe.... $X) ` deTd dw+ #&+ s+_+# HqT sT \#
|s|+|&+& yjTTee d#> ssVDqT #kqT. B e\
u> y qT s| sD+, n+<T y>$ |sD+ <q bsH s|yT
+T+< | jTeTs|+> +&< \T|&+~. nVyTe nH |j >+
n|s ekqe<s H n+s$T nsTTq |se jT nH ns dT+ ~.
e +&~ m&? ` n n+f.
(|s ~y) ` ~e' |skY ` <e |q q<qqT ` n
ue+.
(@H |~y' |s') ` nk' |~y' |skY ` u$T |q
+&<qqT HqT ` n ue+.
(@er eTVH d+ue) ` eTVeT HqT +es |*q
nXjT+ n+{ *Zq<qH HqT. n+T >=|H \<qqT `
n ue+. @yH nd eTVe nH |sTwd |j >+ dsDj
T +.
$<+ > y>+u Dd + <s VjTê| nsTTq y>$ Xg<w
|se yu y q| s|+#T= |*+~.
VjTêkD
<sDjTVjT^y|wY
u<+ s_' XDTjeT <y' u<+ |Xe_s'
ds s+> dTwy>+d dq_' eXeT <eV+ jT<jTT'
dd q +< e< Xy' dd q' |Pc $Xy<'
dd q ksY n]wH$T' dd H Vd s<T
zyT X+' X+' X+'
V]' zyT. Hs< VD eTT|dy T y#` nBV u> e H ! V$<+
e]c+ jTj- sY ds b|+ ebV V$<+ \u XsyH ue .
VAy# `
VjTê<e H eT+H j y< d XdrVd| sD y<,
d ds XsyH ue . @ eT+'.
$Xrsd sbjT qjq+<s |D
Tu + qy VjTê ! $<sCjT $wy
kV, kV qeT'.
TT>EkeTsbjT y<VsDs D
|DyBZ<e |w eTVXsd qeT'
kV, kV qeT'.
BZ< |DyBZ< dsy^XsXs
ds y<e Tj+ ds + u<j
T u<j
T
kV, kV qeT'.
V-s$d$usyZ TTwjT '. >jTrw qTw| t #+ <>+d.
leH VjTê|se <e. V (V=) $T ;yT. k-V $T X' .
VA (VA) $T \yT . u>y j
]j>'. sseTs s+>Hd'.
19
VjTêkD
40
39
<qyT
VjTêkD
n<qTeT+H |.
jT<><+$#H , sw <yH+ wk< eT+<
# d }s+ <T<TV |j +d d <k' |se T+ >eT
> $TejT d* |B ~|B k #T wB
nc|B qe|B u ew dV ks |sy T yeTH
zc |< H q <+' |]e |$'
ds d y# XH #sT e $TV y<jT
d Xs (ds ) seT+ u<e H VjjT eT<<
dsd <TV q Xy<yw eT eTEsyT
jT e+ V$<yT @<X + |s Y VjTê|u yq eTV|sTc
ue . d JeqT ue .
z+ qy VD <sD+ yT nd ssD + <ssTT u jdyT .
sj
' X+ e#& yT. eTeeTTw z$TT|w.Y
V]' zyT
X+K#eTVeTT<|d&+ #TsTyT
d+|Ps# + <d+ X+ VjTê eTTbdV
zyT l $T < ns . V (V) $T s y T . z+ qy u> e
dbs D. VjT^yjT |+#s D. $we rDs D. eTV+ yT<+
|C $T w& s D. |jT # kV |+#s D. VjTêd Tj ue .
zyT l $T < ns , V (V) $Ts y T . yT yT yT
rDs D. + $T < ns , k' k ] < ns , V$T @s y T . zyT
qy u> e dbs D. VjT^yjT |+#s D. eTV+ yT<+ |C
$T w& s D. |jT # kV |+#s D. |+#y eTqT se .
VjT^y s D V$<+ |e$T. V eTVXsjT, eTVXs'
d+s DjT, d+s D Hs<jT, Hs< ykjT, yk u '. bjT#
~. VsyT \ (d) s eTTsyT jT yTds|yT ue. jT
yTd s|+ ue . VyT ;Cs + ue . ;Cs D VyT (VyT) s|D
C|H+ d+|sd ue'. s|CH+ y<V eTT X ue.
~H+ sC+ H>H+ qsD eT~| se . VjT^y s |oj
ds<jT d', ddsD |es+, dsc+ ;CH+ VjT^ys;
eTTe TyT. eT+sC+ ue . VyT (VyT) VjTêdsb ue .
neT+ sT sT kV. C| H+ y~' ld~ sc+>j >d~
X ue . VyT (VyT) d\ keC d~+ sT kV. HH eT+H
j y< n|$' |$ ue . nV# dTV# ue . n>e>eTHY
|P ue . |d+ uwDY |P ue . VV~b ' eTT ue .
>V+ >V| ]e <V <V + |se q+ |$X. |Cq+ V, nV+
Vd, eTd, njT e V eTVy ' |b~ eTs+ @
eT+' |b<jT +. dse+qu< q ~< @
20
VjTêkD
41
42
|dT+ VjT^y|wY s+u+ $ nqTd+~+| &TTq$ qT,

VjTê<e|s+ > L& +~$<+ > ns deTqsTT+#Te#T.
<sDjTVjT^y|wY
(+<$esD+)
1)
VjTêkD
VjT^ybd q z <es! eTq+ #e\ VjTê |b<

yTq y<+C $+<eTT. XeD+ Xy eT+y ~< dy <we '
nH eTqdT ds+> VjTê + qT+ +&T> $+<eTT.
$<+ > VjTê$<qT $q&+e\ jT<Xd+ <q, jTjT q o\TsyT
VjTêq d++~+q , k$T ~eeT+> sb H\
<]keTT. njTTw\yTq eTq <s q+ \_dT + <? nH d+<V + ns
<T. ueHyw+#, |De>jT<T \ L&q VjTê k$T
d++~+q n+>eT+\ L&q n+ eT+ VjTê
dT+#ysyT, VjTê<H VyTq, VjTê dT+#ysyT,
VjTê<H VyT q , s>~ (s><T\T ) >TD $wy T q Bsy T q
jTTdTqT b+<T<+.
u<+ s_' XDTjeT <y' u<+ |Xe_s'

ds s+> dTwy>+d dq_' eXeT <eV+ jT<jTT'
dd q +< e< Xy' dd q' |Pc $Xy<'
dd q ksY n]wH$T' dd H Vd s<T
zyT X+' X+' X+'
s+&T eT+\T wjTEsBjTjsDyK kjTD

#sT\y]# +~$<+ > $e]+|&sTT.
+<~<es! Xd ys|yTq X #s+yd
s|+, , TT jTes|+ +& e #e\ MT nqT>V + e\
m\| &T $Hys+ >\eTT. $, j>sVD deTsT\ yT, jTC~ D
jT\qT #]+~j\ kT <]keTT. n$\yTq #s~ Vk~
n+>\, nTe+{ Xs\ L&qysyT yTeTT MT dTT\qT #d,
sD+e\ |C|# nqT>V +|&q jTTXc b+<TeTT.
|sy T X s (uj
T $u T\qT) \y&T, e] ] \y&T, n+<i
Cq|<jT&T, dsE&T, VjT+ s|&T, n]c\qT q+| Cdy&T,
y<eT+|b<T&q VjTêk$T eTq q $wjT+ $X<yTq
jT<sC H |su ` |sC q ` |se T u \ qT *+Z #*.
eTVT\e\ d< |sD\ $q&y&q (dT +|&y&q ) +<T&T

e n<jTq XeDqTcHsyTq e *Z+#*. deTk *dq
(>eTVs ) dsT&T e eT+ *+Z #*.ds\e\ *> u<q T y]+,
s+ # >sT &T&T eTq yT\TqT #j *. Vd eTqV esdTqT s+
eTq dd *+Z #*.
eTq |jT X+ \>*.

(sY X+ Ts+>>sT& sY ' nH |T +Te |s+ nXy.
n+<Te\ | + VjTêy#+ > nqsTT+#e#T.)
Hs<T &T VqT dMT|+ ` u> y H! @ $<e\ eqe&T n
bb\qT b>=T=, V$<qT b+~, Xs *qZ y&e&, $<qT
H u~+#T n b]+#&T.
n|&T V ` VjTê<eeT+\qT me&T *d=+TH&,
n&T XT\qT, d T\qT, Vk\qT, |sD\qT *d=qy&T >\&T.
ds Xs \y&T >\&T n nH&T.
X+bs+ |\T n<s DyBjq |wT \ s+u+ nqTd+~+|

&TTq~. |dT + n<s Dy<d + Vbs+ +# bsTTH TT>EkeT
y<\ dTq +<Tq, |Ps+ n<s Dy<+ L& ~ n+sZ y T |&T
\T|yT +&e#T. j |wT |b~+|& <e
nqT>TD+> s+&T eT+\ ns\qT nqTd+~+#T e&+ n&T < T .
21
VjTêkD
43
44
$ eT+\T`
1.
$Xrsd sbjT qjq+<s |D
Tu + qy VjTê $<sCjT $wy
kV, kV qeT'.
($X$\DyTq dsb \y&e, CHq+<s|&e, deTd
$<\ |uT ee nsTTq z VjT^y! qeTks+) (~ yTT<{ eT++)
2.
kV, kV qeT'.
(TT, jTEdt, keT\H eT&T y<\qT ds|+> \y&T, y<\qT
nHV+ qy&T, |DyBZ<ds|&T, >=| nXsdTqT \y&q
VjTêq qeTks+) (~ s +&e eT++)
3.
BZ< |DyBZ< dsy^XsXs
ds y<e Tj+ ds + u<j
T u<j
T
kV, kV qeT'.
(BZ< ds|&e, |DyBZ<s |&e, deTd $<\ n~| $, n
y<\ jTT s|&e, u$+#& k< + y&yq VjT^y! H n
$<\qT u~+#T) (~ eT&e eT++)
(|&T eT&T eT+\jTT TTw, #+<dT yTT<q$
\Te&TTHsTT)
V, n, s$, d$, useZ \T ` eT+\ TTw\T. >jT,
wu , nqTwu ` nH$ #+ <dT \T. \dV T&q VjTê |se `
<e. VyT (VyT) nH~ ;+. k-VyT ` nH~ X. VAy T (VAyT)
nH~ \+. eT+\ V |j H\, yd ~ $j>+ ns,
s, eTs\ n+>Hk #j *. VjTê <q X+ @eT+f `
X+K#eTVeTT<|d&+ #TsTyT
(X+K+, #+, yUqeTT<, |d + ` nH H*Z+{ H\TZ #T \
\y&T, |Ps# + <Te+{y&q VjTê bddT H qT.)
VjTêkD
( $<+ > eT&T VjTê eT+\qT *q sT y, eTi

eT&T VjTê eT+\T bdHs+ \T|&TTHsTT. eT+\
ns \T, y{ eT+ s + \T|&TTHsTT.)
4. zyT lyT ` n s +&s \T. VyT (VyT) n ns + .
(Vs \s\ L&T=q |De+ \ VjTê ;Cs e T+eT, B
|d d\ $<\T \_kjT , Vs ds\ L&T=q |Dy |d,
d\ d+|<\ T \_kjT , +<Te\H s +&T$<q ;Cs eT+\qT
@s&jT =+<] |<\ n_bjT+.) zyT qy u> e ` n @&T ns \T.
VjT^yjT n nsTT<T ns \T. $wy ` n eT&T ns \T. eTV+
yT<yT |CyT n iT ns \T. |jT# kV! n nsTT<T ns \T.
~ VjTê bd+# H\Ze eT++.
(| |ks e { ` zyT lyT VyT (VyT) zyT qy u> e
VjT^yjT $wy eTV+ yT<yT |CyT |jT # kV nH~ eT+
ds|+. $<+ > eT++ 29 ns \THsTT.)
5. |&T nsTT<e VjTê eT++ |ks eT|Ps+> \T|&T
Tq~.)
zyT lyT ` n s +&s \T. VyT (VyT) n f ns + .
yT yT yT ` n eT&s \T. yT yT ` n s +&s \T. k' k'
` n s +&s \T. Vy T (VyT) n @s + . zyT qy u> e n
@&s \T. VjT^yjT ` n nsTT<s \T. eTV+ yT<yT |CyT n
iT ns \T. |jT# kV n nsTT<s \T $<+ > eT++
eTT| H\TZ ns \THsTT.
eT++ jTT |Psy T q ds|+ @eT+f ` zyT lyT VyT
(VyT) yT yT yT y T y T k' k' Vy T zyT qy u> e VjT^yjT
eTV+ yT<yT |CyT |jT # kV n.
6. , VjTê @s V$< \T|&TTq~. B V `
eTVXsTq, eTVXsT&T ` d+s DTq, d+s DT&T ` Hs<T q, Hs<T &T
` ydTq, ydT&T ` |< +#sT. $<+ > ~ #ses+
|sb+ . d<#s|]>V+. eT+s+ qT dssk < + , < ns
22
VjTêkD
45
46
VjTêkD
eT+\ ` |Cq+ V, nV+ Vd, eTd, njTe

V yTT<q eTV y\T *| ns |b~dTH sTT. qeT' eTs
$Cj
seT d < eTT# nd s #T k<e+ eT+w jjTY n
#|&q qeTX+ eTd nH y<+y+ yT nH
|<+ jTT ns, seT nH b|~ #+jTT ns, jT nH
#T$u |jT+ nd nH |<+ jTT ns \TTq+<Tq sejT
qeT' nH eT++ eTd nH y<+ys |b~+. < qeTX
|T {q eeT+<T\{ >eT+#*.
dse+q u< + eT+de TT<jT+ s +&T> $u+|&+~.
|&T nqTeT+\T H\TZ |+|&TTHsTT. H\TZ TT>BjT
eT+\T. $ y>eyuy *| nsy<yq+<Tq & es
nqTd+~+|&TTHsTT. M{ yTT<{ eT++ TT><d+V
nweTeT+&\+ ~. (8`100`10) jT uVD+ (2`4`6) L&
q~. $ n y>ejTT d+|Y |<jT, $<|<jT
$X<+ #dT H sTT.
@ y>e n#q d< Xq eT>bDT\qT # > e{& T #dT q <,
deTd<e\qT b*+#<, Vws, eTq s\{ |$ws q<,
@y>e nqT>V +# H\TZ ~>e \T s ~sd <y\qT, d+b~dTq y,
nTe+{ y>e jT T >=| kH b+<& me& deTsT& T &T.
$<+> eT++ y>ejTT $<|<jT, Xs
|<jT \TTq~.
2. ( eT++ L& TT>BjT eT+yT . ~ |<e T eT+&\+~
(1`164`41))
|s V |w nsTTq, >sees \ y>e dcs+u+
d\ d< Xq es| < y \qT dwd T q < X_+ +~. @$<+ > n+f ` yTT<
|Dy+> @|~ jT |s V eTTK+qT+& y\Te&+~. sT y yV,
k$ sb\ ~|~ nsTTq~, <q +s+ H\TZ y<\ s|+ #T w~
njTq~. |<| iT y<+>\T, |sD <s Xk\ nc|~ nsTTq~. sT y,
MTe+k, HjT, k+K, j>, b+#s, bX|, jTTs<, <q Ts<,
nqTd+~+#y] Xsd+ +<+ r]q sT y ysT ]q | (e sT\

e ` u> e | ]q y] u> e | ) b+~dT+ ~.
Vs, \s (qs), s\ L&q zs+ eT+d s|+
n+f VyT (VyT) nH~ eT++. Vs' |sy T X' kY <+ #
yT , \s' (ds') U# b' +|<+ # yT nH XqTs<+ >
Vs+ |se qT, \s+ (ds+) Je \T|>, ne<sDs y T q
s+ ` Vs Xy #T&q |se \s (ds) Xy #T&q Jees+Z
|su eT ` eT++ <s d+|&q ns+ . nsy T eTd
ys+. $<+> Vs, \s (ds), s\# \T|&q nsH
sT y >\ zyT nH |De+ <& ] dTq ~. $<+ > Je + |se
|su eT *d @s V$<qT bd+qy], <q T>TDyTq
d~ \TZT+~. sT\ nssT\ V |\T, CdTeq e\+,
C u> e | \TZT +~. eT+s |+#y] d+|<, $< b|d T + ~.
B jT<s *dq y] y< V eTT ` |se T|< b| \TZT +~. ~\\,
sE\T, H>T\, qsT\ n~| ` >\&T ` n+f ` ds XsT&T >\&T.
VjT^ys eT+ b #d y ujT|&, n dsT&T
yTT<q ysT eT eT s \ |e]ksT . ;Cs e T+\{ Te+{
eTVeTqT *Zq+<Tq VjT^ys eT++ >=|~. VyT (VyT)
nH~ VjTê dsb *d eT++.
zyT VyT (VyT) neT+ sT sT kV nH eT+
|+qy] yd~ , ld~, nc+> j>d~ \TZT +~.
zyT VyT (VyT) d\ keCq d~+ sT sT kV nH
|~V&T ns \qT \ eT+ |d d\ ked~ \TZT +~.
$<+ > +es *q $Xrsd sbjT ~ eT+\qT
*d=qy&T n|$T&H |$T&T >\&T. V#] y&T L& #
V#s \y&T >\&T. |Ps+ b<> #{ bsTTH &T |$T&T
>\&T. |T d+uw+H |$T&T >\&T. >V| >V |y +
qT>, eT+\qT |+qy&T <Vekq+ dT\u+> |seqT
#s> \ &T.
23
VjTêkD
47
48
VjTêkD
$wj \qT >], jT<s\qT>] > me&T *d=q<, $<qT

b+~H < me&T e{e{ & (eTib&) n&T d ds
~ TTqT s +&T H\\T |+ ] $<qT b+<>\ &T) n TT<q+
*+~. Hd $< dy jTd dTjTTk | useZ , d ds ] |H ek+
||< (dds nH eT+ H\ |+qy $< mes
k{ssT) n $w <s s + (124`52) \T|&+~.
eT++ dsd <TVyT nH |j> VjTê
s|+ dsTq d++~+q~, je\eTV] ]qT r]q~ `
nH ns+ ydu>yqTq $e+. eT++, B s >\ eT++
L& y>e |sy T .
d ds < # bVQ ]Vd+ |s$<', k<d q| jTC y edc
XH , $X$Tk_u + \+ y # deT+' , edwH _u ' q Vyr<<
>~', d uV+ T k+ y He y#+ d ds yT, dsyX q V
<<T s eT<> jT', H+ eT k y>eT+ eTbqT<Y nH nqT^
uw+ kjTD#sdL& & nqTd+<jT+. (k<dT&H |uTe
#d jT+ $X$TT X, y L& edw esT&q X# sTT+#&sTT.
ew e\ $X$TT&T |suy b+<&T. n|&T $X$TT bsq e\
TTw\T uV n, k n |sTqT \ d ds nH TTqT dsT
yd+qT+& rd= e $X$TTq #sT. nCH TT
b>={, CH *+Z +~.) $<+ > TT Cq|<jT+.
(VjT^ybdqe\ Cq+, d+|< \_ksTT. nqTeT+\ L&
s +&T n+X\T |< q+> |b~+|&sTT.)
VjTê V$<qT me&T @<H&T |]k&, n&T
VjT^yqT>V b+~ eTV|sTw&e&T. JeqT& e &T.
z VjTê |se ! qeTks+. nqT>V +e\ #sTe<
b+~q $<qT HqT <] +#>* qZ y&qT y*. $<qT eTiTey&qT y*.
H #e\ <s \+q eT+ HqT eTiTe y&qT y*. n+,
H eTTwyT q $<|\ + \>*.
~ VjT^y|wT .
>+<s y<\ qe|~ nsTTq~. sTy, nq+y d+<s\

dV k] jT , nq+ $<\ s|+> d+|qyTq ~.
( eT++ {, s +&T, H\TZ, m$T~, =$T~, ysTT nH d+K\T
s +|&sTT. M{ *|q|&T 1024 nH d+K edT+ ~. d+K nH
y\ D \Tq$. $<\T niTe~ H\TZ. | $<qT 16 u>\T #=|q yTT+
nsyH \TZ $<\ 1024 u>\T d+K# s +|&sTT. d+d uc
ysD qTks+ n#T\T ` 16, es\T ` 64. M{ >TDd e# d+K 1024.
$<+ > d+K, ucdsb, $<\ dsb \+ #&+
>eTHs+. n+<Te\ TT y>e jT T ds $<|es \TTq~.)
3. eT++ $< us+qVTq eT+$Xw+ > y>e |s+ >
s jsD yK kjTD#sT\y]# $e]+| &+~.
y<X d Xs |yT q deTdy vj n~<e jT q y>e
$, n+ qqT e{& T
|s |+#*. y>e zw< j #< ed+ > *qZ ~. eC\e >{>
+&$, eT< n+s+ (d+<T) $ nsTTq <+\ |]eyT q , ry T q
(|y<T\qT sd+ #&+ $T* deTsy T q ) e+ e+{~. y>e qqT
du n+<iT yT# qqT |*+#*.
eT+ |~sE\T w |+q bd q eTV$we |
nqqyTq u d~dT+< zc|<H eT+d |<X~q+ |, @T~
d< d eTV$c |es nH XqjT TT<q+ \T|&+~.
4. ( eT++ TT><+ rjTeT+&\+~. (3`53`15))
*+# n *Zq TTw\# (eT<>T\#) nqT>V+|&q~,
nCH q+|C d~, n+{ Xs |+ n+{ y|+#~ nsTTq y>e
>=|> X+ X_d T q ~. dsT eTV nsTTq y>e +<~ <e\
nj
T yTq neT\D yTq nH n+ $d] +|Cd T q ~.
( eT+ eTVeT |\T# >&Z + |&+~. y+~jT |eT&
j q $<+ ||< , +~jsH jT<sH y j q y <+ #q,
$<y-~> jTd |DX |q' |q', dds TT# k < ek
||< (TT<q+ ` 185) (y+~jTX y& me&T $<qT b+<< ,
24
VjTêkD
49
50
l$w\d+V VjTêeT+ $esD X\T
lVjTê kyT
1.
n< V+deTqT+ e u e TT |<jTyT

jTesZ #wyT esZ' <sZ d|eT' |q'
2.
|DeX uyq+ V+dysd+'
V+dseT+d V TTw sT<V'
V ` |s d+|<\ qT *+Z # V+deTqTe nq& VjTê
eT+ >] |\TTHqT. jTes+Z m$T<e es+ n+f ` Vs+,
es+ @&e ns + ` n+f ` ds+ ` |De+ *| ` n+f VyT `
nH~ VjTê @s e T++. @s eT+ TTw V.
3.
#+ < X <M >jTr <e-d Vjqq'
jTesZ #we T+ ;+ < s Z d|e T+ |q'
4.
|De X uy#' |r V+deT+'
ds Bs' w&| d e <q$T' XDT
B #+ <dT ` <M >jT. eT+ n~<e ` VjTê&T.
jTesZ m$T<e nsyTq Vs+, @&e nsyTq ds+ |De+ `
n+f VyT nH~ X. |r\T ` dsBs\T ` iT. VjTêeT]
<H >] \TTHqT. $qT.
5.
VjTê eTV+ e+< d{ #\duy T
#+<eT+&\eT< d+ dsd deTyT
6.
yU+ # |d+ X+K+ #+ # <<+ s'
yT|T >+;sj
y# yU++ >eH
7.
VX+sy ^X usrydd$yT
bejT++ > s+ d<VAeT+X_'
X < d { | s + $+{ y & T , # + < e T+& \ + eT< y + # d
qy&T, dsd nH |sTqT \ <y] L&& qy&T, yUdeTT<,
|d + , X+K+, #+ ` nH H*Z{ H\TZ #T \ <] + +&y&T,
(>sT&|sD+sZyT)
1.
zyT qy VjTsd $<< jT y qeT'

qy $<<s d sbjT $<< qy qeT'
2.
qeT' X+jT <V jT >TDjH qeT'

dTsdTsV+ # ds <Tw$ HH
3.
ds ~| j
T VsbjT y qeT'
qeT Xse+<jT X+K#<s jT #
4.
qeT <jT <+jT ds d VjT #

>TDjT >TDjT e V$wd s|D
5.
s Vs dTs XjT ds >jT qy qeT'

e+ d+de + <e<e+ $+jT Y
6.
V<$eT sT<! X+K#><<syT

ds{|rX+ dsejTedT+<sy T
7.
~ |PC VjTêd X+s

jT' |sY ujTu # d >#Y |seT+ |<yT
VjTêkD
25
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51
52
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VjTê e#yT`1
yT|T < e >+;sy T q < *qZ y n y<\qT yU+#y&T,

V, X+sT &T, Vd, usr<$, ydT&T yTT<q y]# d$+|&y&T,
>T q T n+{ q ~eeT+>$ >V +qT+& y\Te& neTs D \ #\>
& |y&q VjTê qeTd]dTH qT.
8.
@e+ < |q++ \ jT eT+~'
+XY dV d+ EVQj e<y+Ts DyT
9.
\s DVAe+ djT+ d< eT+s{
d< V+deTH yD y q ds <
10. nHq eT+sCq Hk< + $< uT $
$<+ > VjTê <+, eT&T \\ esT eT+ keT]q+
y& |+#*. eTT| y\ksT b, \s D eT++ #j *.
$<+> \sD, VAe #dq sTy VjTêeT+sd~
\TZT +~. VjTêeT+ d~ *qZ y V dsd d< +T+~.
eT+s+ nk< + nH~ @B <T .
( e# l e TsY Mss|T y#sk$TysT l\VjTê

dV dHeTk~` nH >+<+ eTT~+#sT)
bsTy# ` bs |*q~.
1.
<e<e! eTV<e! sTDs! X+s!

j |k<oq ~ se|'
2.
VAH eTesD VA e# #
<+ XT $T#$T Vjde#+ $u !
<e<y! eTV<y! sT D \jTyTq z X+s! dV yTq sT DqT
\ e $we jTT |\T nes\ #+~q e#k\qT H *be.
|&T VjTêe#>] HqT $q>sTTHqT. ` n bs e
nq~.
e y# ` n|&T e&T ($<+ >) nH&T.

3.
<$! |jT+e<! Tu+ sVdeT| eTjT!

\X+T~ |jT w+ Vjde#+ e<
|jT +> |* bsr<M! e H # |jT yTq <qe nsTTq+<Tq,
# sV dyTq < nsTTH, b\deTT<+qT+& |{q neT+e+{ VjTê
e# >] |\TTHqT. $qT.
4.
eTV+j $TH+ d+#s+ dT V]' djTyT
\j VjTeKs| ekjT j-VsY
5.
|y\ eTV+ $]+ sT|~wy H
Vjde#kd TTw sV |]'
#+ <-qTw| t < <y VjTê <V'
V H| +& |y\+ sD+> VjTêe#k
H |< +#&T. e# TTw ` V+. #+ <dT ` nqTw| .t n~<e
` VjTê&T.
26
VjTêkD
53
54
VjTêkD
<s $X u] +#y&T s+ #*. H_ |< HT&T s+ #*.

yT& (>TV+>) |C| s+ #*. }sTe\qT ><<s T &T s+ #*.
12. CqT $Xu Y bT +|T # >+ |'
>T bT VjT< +d b< $Cqys~'
yqT $X <]+#y&T s+#*. |\qT >T |uTe
s+ #*. eT&eT\qT VjTê&H sd T d+V]+qy&T s+ #*. b<\qT
$CH deTT<+e+{y&T s+ #*.
13. b#+ s T y^X' <D k+ esjTT<'
|r#+ $Xu Y bT B#+ ee+~'
sT~ y\ n~| s+ #*. <D ~ >=| jTT<\qT
\y&T s+ #*. |&e T{~ $X u] +#y&T s+ #*. s ~
e# qeTd]+|&qy&T s+ #*.
14. }s + bT V]' kY n<' bT >TDs'
n+] V]' bT $X' bT $Xd{
}s~X V] kT> s+#*. +~ ~X D>TD\
syTqy&T s+#*. n+]+ V] s+#*. qqT n+{ $X
dw+ qy&T s+ #*.
15. jT @Y e#+ BeH dqVY $>V
<Ts~sd e PV ' d < q u<
e# @ T~eT+T&T q Xs+ eVk& (<k&), n&T
<Ts<T\H sd e PV\# m|& u~+|&&T .
16. |sY jT @Y e#+ d+<+ uue'
eT&-| ^wd CjT H d+XjT '
e# eT&T d+< \ (b' ` e<V ` kjT+ d+<
deTj\) u |]k &, n&T eT&T &H , Vd b{|& y &T>
>\&T, d+<V + <T .
6.
VyT ;+ T deUT VyT X' deTT<V

zyT \+ deU eTT#s T r\+ <
VyT nH~ ;+, X L&. zyT nH~ \+.
7.
\s+usTVVeT+u|jTw|Ps s_wosyT
yUe +T|d Vd sV++ VjTT+& MT&
\<$ q seT\+ +>sTb\ neT sd<s\
n_w+| &q sdT qT \y>, yUdeTT<, ne \, |< +, |d +
` nH M #T \ \y> VjTê <dTH qT ` (nH~ VjTê
<q ds|+. e#+ $e]+|&TTq~.)
8.
dT<d' s' bT b\+ bT X|u'
<X sT <]' Hk+ y>+uy]~'
neT + & T | & q V j T ê& T H s d T qT s + #*.
#+<+e+{ + \y&T b s+ #*. eT<T uT \H < T \qT
e~+qy&T H H\qT s+ #*. Hdq T y> +uD y]~ (deTT<+)
e+{ y&T s+ #*.
9.
X bT dsX' b sTD~'
eTTK+ bT s+ kMT V+ bT dTs]VY
H #e\qT ds y T q X\qT \y&T s+ #*. b\qT sT D
~ nsTTqy&T s+ #*. eTTU y\ |uT e s+ #*. VqT <e\
XTe\qT V]+qy&T s+ #*.
10. Vq VqeT de' +s+ y +sH jT'
^y+ bT VjTê' V<jT + eTs'
<e&\qT VqTeT+T# d$+|< qy&T s+ #*. +s y +s
HjT&T s+ #*. yT&qT VjTê&T s+ #*. V<j (ed T \
\y&q ) eTsT &T s+ #*.
11. <s+ $Xu Y bT H_' |+#q'
yT&+ |C|' bT }s bT ><<s '
27
VjTêkD
55
56
VjTêkD
VjTê e#yT ` 2
|< + qT+& y\Te& >=|<q yde TV+ X_y &T, <e ksueTT&q
VjTê csd ~ d+ <+#*.
(VjTêeT+, n<s Dy< eT+K+& |Psd+VjyT lVjTê

e#yT)
e#+
1.
VjTê' s' bT \+ #+<eT< >'

Xd<w' <X bT XV' Xr
sdT qT VjTê&T s+ #T>. #+<eT+&\+ eT< +&y&T
\{ s+ #T>. Xk\qT <w> \y&T H\qT, X V&q y&T
#e\qT s+ #T>.
2. | D+ >+<' bT e<q+ jTd+ ue '
V+ y^Xs' bT eTT+< <+d+ Vr'
ds>+<' (n dT +|&q+<Tq) >+<&T | D (eTTqT)
s+ #T>. eTTU jTd+ ue &T s+ #*. <+|+ eTT+<T&T s+ #*.
3. zw+ V' bT bT HsjTD-<syT
y T+ bT b eT|uT '
| |<$ V&T s+ #*. +~ |<$ HsjTDT&T s+ #*.
#TT eq n+s$TjT qy&T s+ #*. b\qT \| s+ #*.
4. $< |s + bT +s+ H< eTeT
uTC #TsT' bT s <+<eTsq'
$<ds|&T H ds|{q T s+ #*. H<d s|&T +s s+ #*.
uT C\qT #T sTE&T, < T \ |uT e\qT eT]+qy&T #T \qT s+ #*.
5. CH V<jT + bT $X T #< jTyT
eT< eT+ bT ds bT |+s' {y T
V<j Cqds|&T s+ #*. #< j $X&T s+ #*.
eT, n+ e*jT yT
H_+ yT |< Hu-yY >TV+ >TVsu<Y
nd lVjTêe#eTVeT+d VjTê TTw' nqTw|t #+<'.

lVjTê|se <e. z+ l+ y^XsjT qeT ;yT. z+ +
$<<s jT qeT X' . z+ k+ y< <j
T qeT \yT . z+ qy
VjT^yjT Xe sjT $<eTsj
T z+sj#TjT V$< |<jT
kV. qeT' VjTê|k<d< s | $j>'.
lVjTêe#eTH eTVeT+ VjTê&T ` TTw. #+ <dT
` nqTw| .t <e ` lVjTê |se . ;+ ` zyT lyT y^XsjTqeT'.
zyT y T $<<s jTqeT' ` n X. zyT kyT y< <j
T ` n \+.
zyT qy VjT^yjT XesjT $<eTsjT z+sjT n#TjT
V$< |<jTkV qeT' ` n Hd+. VjTê|k< d<s |
$j>'` n $j>+.
<qyT
\X+T~d+ X+ eTjT#qyT
~ yd+ ] +sy dqyT
CqeTT<e\jTX+K#\dsyT
u csD d+<V$s~>+<sy T
esZ<eTyDd+qX_yT
<eksueT+ + <jT ~csd<jT
b\deTT<+e+{y&T, eTs\e+{ $X\yTq H\qT \y&T,
#+<eT+&\+ y+#d +&y&T, dq|<+ ] (eT+)
+&y&T, CqeTT<, ne \, X+K#\ |+# Vk\qT \y&T,
u wD\ sD \ deTV+ |+# ~\ eT \y&T, eTTK
28
VjTêkD
57
58
<s <s+ $X \y&T s+ #*. * u+ +qy&T

e*j (eT+ +& eT&T eT&T|\qT) s+ #*. H_ |< HuT &T,
>TV+> sV ks u~+#y&T s+ #*.
VjTêkD
7.
12. d<q+<s b yT Cq+ s T ds <

b#+ s T ds >j+ CqB|'
H CH d< d<q+<s |&T s+ #*. sTq +jT~ CqB| &T s+ #*.
8.
13. je+ u< |<' bT H TT+ <q |u'

$<~ dT ysTD+ yjTy+ qj-eT
<D ~ u<q T *+Z #y&T, H TT # q s|+ >=| |uq T
\y&T s+ #*. |&e T{ ~X $<~, yjTe+ <|&T s+ #*.
9.
14. us+ $< ' bT XH+ # ><T sZ T '

}s + bT >MT b<k Y |ss'
s~ <H #y&T, Xq+ ><TZsTe s+#*. |
~X >kY $T, +~ ~X |ssT&T s+ #*.
}s <y<s' bT bT CqT eT<T d<q'

bT +|T eTV$w' >T bT Hsq '
}sTe\qT <y<sT &T, yqT eT<T d<q T&T s+ #*. | \qT
eTV$we , >T\qT (N\eT+&\qT) Hsq T&T s+ #*.
b< $eT' bT bT b<+>TV]'
ds+>+ ds >' bT bT seD Xe'
b<\qT $eTT&T, b<\ y qT V] s+ #*. n n+>\qT
n+ +&y&T, X\qT Xe&T s+ #*.
<H H&>' bT us+ \ | seT
|H $X+; yT bT +< H dTs Xs'
<Te\qT H&T\ +&y&T, usqT \| s+ #*. |T\qT
$XT+_ s+#*. +<Te\qT |sT\ |uTe (nsTTq VjTê&T)
s+ #*.
15. s Vq+ T jTYkq+ s \HjT'

@e+ edX s-k kY y^Xs uy Y
+ $T*q s @ #TqT nsTTH n\HjT&T s+ #*.
$<+ > Xs+ ds VjTê&T (e#+>) s+ #y&T y*.
16. jTTss> yTXs+ dsXd|e yT
\u H d+<V VjTê|k<'
10. $T+ $T' bT eTV XTd+Vr

bDH yj' bT ye V<TVZ +sy T
.
$TT\qT ds&T s+ #*. XTdeTV+qT+& n ds|&T
s+#*. bD\qT yjTTds|&T, Xds|&T V<jT>TV+s
s+ #*.
r<+ ] + ~e+ e#+ <e|PyT

VjTêeT++& |Psd+Vj+
lVjTêe#yT
jTTdT, s>+, Xs+, dsXk\qT >=|> |\T>*> d
VjT^yqT>V + e\ b+<TTH&T. $wjT + d+<V + <T .
(~ VjTeT++&+ |Ps d+V>\ VjTêe#+)
11. ~ys+ Vw X' bT ds + ><T sZ T '

$wyT d+f #e bT e T+s V]'
s+> Vw X&T, n{ ><T sZ T e s+ #*. $wjT yTq
|<\ qT+& e *+Z # V] s+ #*.
29
VjTêkD
59
60
6.
HsBjT eTV|sD+ VjT^ybdH s|DyT

(HsBjT eTV|sD+ |\T bdq\ |s\T \T|&sTT. y{
VjT^ybdq {. ~ |Psu>+ rjTb<+ 72e n<jT+ 32e
X+ qT+& 54e X+ es 23 X\ \T|&+~.)
1.
BZ< |< esu |Dy<Z<X'
dsy^Xs+ |e<BXs<
2.
ds y<e Tj+ |<+ ds MTsjT Y
u<j
T ~j +-jT+ eT+ ks~]'
BZ< nH |<+ qT+& s+_+, |DyBZ< nH X+ es ,
sT y ds y^Xs nH |s ++ #] +#*. ds y<e Tj+ nH
|<+ es ds eTH |< |\*. sT y u<jT u<jT nH |<\qT
es *qZ eT++ |Dy~> #] +|&TTq~.
X+, VjT^y|wT \T|&q VjTêeT+\
eT&e eT++jTT |<\ eT+ s +|&+~. zyT, BZ<! |DyBZ<!
ds y^Xs Xs, ds y<e Tj+ ds + u<j
T u<j
T nH~ eT++.
+<T |De+bT eTT| eT&T ns \THsTT. eT++ b<T\
qeTX|T {+ >, s D VAe<T\ kVX| T {+ > #]+|&TT+~.
3.
TTw' Vd ]w' #+ <-qTw| t <VyT
<e kY VjT^y y>X s|< $uT '
eT+ TTw V, nqTw|t #+<dT, yqT,
Xs nqT>V +# |uT yq VjTê&T <e.
4.
sD b<' eT+d |+#+> |\ jTY
eT++ bdH|s+ \T|&TTq~. |De+, eT++
H\TZ b<\T *| nsTT<T n+>\qT *+#*.
5.
Tcs~deT#jT + T\d<eTu wy T
Ts+>e<q+ e+< T+>ksd |<yT
7.
VjTêkD
< e+ |d q+eTjTT+ <X +X'
eT< ' bjTds T $eT~deT
|PjT< wy |s e T]+ d+\ eT\'

& bdH eT] (s|+) \T|&TTq~.
eT+#T=+&e \ es \y&T, T\de\qT usD+>
\y&T, >=| ksd (>=| CH) *+Z #y&q VjTê sD \
qeTd]dTH qT. (e~ ` n_y<qqT'` nH <s { e+< nH
jT n_y<q+ #jT &+, dT +#&+ ` nH sTT, y s|deqT \T|&+
<s, |\D|jT |]XwHjT+ <s eqdyTq <H L&
\TTq~.)
$<yTq VjTêeT] <+, |Ps+ *q eT+
|~y\esT (njTT+) |+#*. d+K |<e u>+ ` n+f ` ysTTksT
H *|q bjTk VAeT+ #j *.
$eT~ #eTs >V DT\ L & q y w e | s + Te+{
VjTêeT] eT\eT++ ueq #j *.
8.
] j+ #T ] jTCY |Ps~' eY
dq+<q+ # dq+ jT+ # |~M+ <
] |\ H\TZ ~\qT dq+<qT, dq, \, u <$
yVq #d |Ps+ *q eT+ |P+#*.
9.
<V] y<X w{Dw -sjTY
sT+ Cw+ |X<C <sD + '
10. \+ + # #+ <d y<+> e y
] jT H\TZ ~\ H\TZ y<\qT, iT D\ sT+ ,
Cw+, ysD +, \+, , #+ <dT nH w&+ >\qT s~+#*.
30
VjTêkD
61
62
VjTêkD
|~VqTksT VjTê s~+ y kT VjTê&T >\&T.

Xs+ usT &T >\&T.
19. @e+ d< eTH eT+|j>H sT eTs
ncsdVd+ T X<ys_eT+yT
20. ;Cq ede+ jT' |uB e H +~jT'
qeT-| d qs y~+ \u <T eyT
$<+ > eT+ d~ *qZ s, eT+ |j >\qT #jT e#TqT.
ysTT m$T~ ksT ;Cs+ n_eT++|&q X< bq+ #dq
y&T +~jTT&T, |TeT> nsTTH y~ b+~qy&T >\&T.
21. #+<ds|s> T b sTeTjT |Y
<T>+ >y+ eT+r +se< d'
22. ds~y| s ++ ||q+e<sY
|uY s eTsd ksd+ uyY
23. Cwr \;+ ~Hw e ]y T
ncsX+ je<jT<_eT+yT
24. dsd es-k d + k<T$ eqe'
+ VA q $|+<! eTH sd |k<'
25. ds y<>eBH+ yU CqyH uy Y
ds#+<>V D deTjT+ +>sT b b\qT bd, bd &T
+s+T \ +&, >VD+ds\+ yTT<\T y|s++
VjTêeT+ u |+#*. sT y b\qT bq+ #d n >=|
ksd + \_dT + ~. Cwr\;C ~H ={ #=|q |+#T
q m$T~ ~H\T uT d n&T kT dsd r nes+ >\&T. ~
d +. + |\Te+<T? $|+<! VjTêeT+|k<+e\ n
y<\qT, >e\qT yUq+ #jT >*qZ C >\&T.
11.
12.
-w<eT T es-c deTsjTY

eT +&~qc <e T< ||P jTY
<>wsjTY |XY k<Xw usyH
13. nd+>+ sTsT+ #e ;wD+ sHyT
T+ \<eTq+ <+Ts+ $+ <
sTy w{D jT >\ nw<|<+ m$T~ <\
eT\\ m$T~eT+~ e\qT, <e T< + eT +&<T\qT |P+#*.
<+ es nd+>T&T, sTsT&T, ;wD T&T, sH T&T, T&T, \<eTqT&T,
<+TsT&T, $T&T ` nqT m$T~eT+~ us e \qT s~+#*.
14. <V' c&X<wesH VssX
X+K+ #+ >< |< + q+<+ XsYvyZ T e #
nw< | < jT >\ c&X< |< + u> y qT |~ nes\qT,
X+K+, #+, ><, |< +, q+<+ , XsYveZ TH i+{ ` yTT+ |<V i+{
n]+#*.
15. <V' u>V XeTTUH <X ~^XsH
eC<H <VXc <sw # ' eY
< jT >\ u >V+ +<~ |~eT+~ ~\\qT, y]
jT <s\ eC<T\qT s~+,
16. eTV>D|+ <TsZ+ X+ T+ <
deTd|{<X jq d<V syY
17. < V' d|q <X <VT >V H qe
<V |s qc q D # < V'
18. B|+ |+#<X e d+|P Ts>qqyT
y^Xs dyy <H sq|syY
eTV>D|, <TsZqT, b\, T, deTd| yTT<q
jqT\qT s~+#*. < jT @&T q<T\T, y{ jT qe>V \T,
y{ jT nw |s \qT, y{ jT q \qT s~+#*. $<+ >
31
VjTêkD
63
64
VjTêkD
nH e{, s+ d+s D ;eT+eT #| &q+<Tq, q y#y T q

nH es |+#y]# b+<&y& ns+ . d+s DT&T Cq\>TD&T.
VjTê&T CHq+< eTjTT&T <! VjTê&T d+s DeT]qT+&
<$ +qT $w \d+ V \T|&q~ L&.
11. ds y^X' ` deTdy ||+ # n~| . nyY yyqd
yT, He sbD # j |PsyT, X+d+ c+ #se + |cyT
y^Xs! yT n y<+< \T VjTêk+ |*sT. >|' nH
He u s Y nXw# + < ucywy vsV' n |T + $e]d yjT
` q+es n VjTê eT++ \T|&q< L& nHsT.
12. ds<s' ` n{ <syTqy&T. VjTê&T deTdC
<] +q yH VjTs bUq+ *+~.
13. dHq' ` ds<sT&T qT dHqT&T. $T* |sqyTq y&H ,
m|{| &T qq+> ud+#y&T.
14. s<s' ` VjTê&T \ n{ <syTqy&H, q
+= <s+ @MT y&T. d eTV$T |w ' ` n y<+ L& |*+~.
15. ss' ` q s|+ q #s nH qd+> @ sb
y&T. jT jT< e+ ||<+ H <e uCeTVyT, eTsT q<T
mesTeyT nesTeyT H nH u \ T <]+q sbH q s|+>
\y&T.
16. X'
` qqT Xd+# yi= XsT y&T. XsyT `
nH$<+ > q H XsT&T.
17. sT|<e' ` @ |<e+ ` |< ` y&T.
18. s+q' ` s d++<+ y&T.
19. w\+' ` n<Z ` <Z < c\ d++<+ @MT y&T. VjT>TD
|uT&T.
20. |' ` ydT<y-d |Ps' ` nH |PsT& T qT, |Ps
|jT Ty T q | \y&T. |Ps q|&T< n| \TZT +~.
21. seTjT' ` $s $eTT ]X' ~> X |*q @
s>+ y&T. eTjT X+ s<T\qT |\d T + ~.
lVjT^ycs XHeT $esDeTT

( ncs XH eTk+ |sXs| sD+ >, n>d ` Hs< d+y<
s|+> |d< + . +<T |\T He\ mH VjTê sV k\T
$T& HsTT. H *dq+ = He\ eyT VjTê |s+ >
$esD e>*>qT. |<\ d~ He\ yu y bs \T |Ps+ >
>V +#>\ s eTq$.)
1. VjTê' ` VjTsdT qT \y&T
2. eTV$w'
` eTV$wd s|&T
3. Xe'
` n+<yTq, |XdyTq X\qT ` p\TqT ` \y&T.
$<+ > HeT+ w b| d#+ .
4. eT<T d<q' ` u \ +~j\T q| *#T eo]+#>* qy&T.
, eT<T e nH ndTsT d+V]+qy&T. HeT+ nw e d#+ .
5. >$+<'
` u \ nw e, w b| *+Z #y&q +<Tq y]
dT e#H\ byT q y&T., eT<T d<qT&, y<\qT b& b+~qy&T
` n eTT+<T HeT+ *| nqsTT+ ns+ #| e#T.
6. |+&' ` nes<X qT nk<sD \D yTq |+&
\y&T.
7. $w'
` ><|& ds y|+ +&y&T. Be\ y|q+
\T|&+~.
8. $X+us '
` $X u] +#y&T. B <s us D + \T|&+~. VjTs
bUq+ VjTê s|+ $X+> \T|&+~.
9. V]'
` nXs|&T, , u \ ] rsy&T. Be\ sD +,
<s jTeTq+ \T|&+~. Vs+s +yT nH nCq
es &T. |ds Zs+ <TqyT +T+<H eT+ Vs ds;cH
nH e<s w b| &T.
10. ~'
` ~eT+&\+ VjTês|& y+#d +&, je\T
q y<|<X (Xj
T Es<) |< +qy&T. () Y >eT' `
32
VjTêkD
65
66
VjTêkD
d+|XY q ## Hsq' nH $<+> @ d\<y nsTTH |

d]+#&+ s +&T |Ps d#q\T.
35. |PssTT ` qT |PsT&, s <e\e u\T #d dTT\qT
m+<T sTTH&T? n+f, u \ dT +#\H y] ]qT rs&+ dyT .
y] ]\qT rsy&T qT |PssTT.
36. |D'
` qqT dT +#ysT |Ps+ m+ b|wy sH y] q
d++<+ |$T\qT #d nsq T *+Z #y&T.
37. |D]' ` |DyTq HeTd+sH \y&T. k++ b]Vd+
# ku+ Vq yTe y, y +sH eT>V D eTXc|T HXy T nH |$
#d HeTd+sH \y&T. neXH| jTH$T ] ds b ' , |eH
$eTT# d< ' d+Vd' eT>] e ~ |eD\T L& dsDj
\T.
38. |ss' ` |sT q ` w q ` eTT\ +f >=|y&T.
39. |se ` deTd u \T u> y qTe\ qT (eT |\ |y +
\, jeT& +&y) *qZ $ neTq$ qT &T |se .
40. |s+ C' ` d uk ds $T<+ $u nH CT\{
>=| CdT.
41. |s X' ` w& q jeT&T. + |\ y|+ +&y&T
jeT&T &T, jeT&T y| &T &T. y|H, XH s +&{
*Zqy&T qT |sX&T. |sXyq T\qT, eTT\qT L&
jT$T+#y&T.
42. bs > ' ` < X \ek ~> n$< q ne< T \qT n $ T+
+&y&T.
43. |s' ` n+<Te\H # >=|y&T.
44. ds y<' ` ds y<' dsjTC X w' nH deTd
y<ds|&T, VjTê&T. TT>EkeTsbjT n VjT^yqTwu
eT++ *q~.
45. $<H
` n \qT n{jTT, n $<q CH
\y&T. j y jTT>| Y ds + | D d< d' nH ks|Bq yTq
CH \y&T.
22. d<q+<eTjT' ` CHq+<d s|&T, CHq+<\qT >TD+> \y&T.

CHq+<eTjT+ <eyT n < VjTê <q+.
23. k
` u\ j>e\qT kT> ##y&T, +~jT
dV s+ +&H >T ds ybs\qT kT ##y&T, q u \
CHq+<\qT *+Z , ysT q+~d +&> |> y] ##y&T.
24. XsD yT ` @ se T+ +& n+=| s &T.
25. ds <jT' ` n+ ds;w|<jT eT\yTq, yTq
\d++< \y&T.
27. j B X ' ` eTT \ | u T e. \ | | j T T y T q
j ~| \y&T.
28. e'
` XusT&T. eT+>jTq+ V]' n |eD+.
eTT\ TTuT ` eTTeTTe\ n+ksd|<yT n VjTê <qXd .
30. y<<s ` y<\qT <]+qy&T y<VsDsD n <q
|s+.
31. y< ~'
` y<\ >T|+ > +& ~ e+{y&T.
32. y<y < ' ` y< X ds sV yTe y< ' nH y<\# *jT<q
y&T. XgjY nH Vd+, q # c >V H| y# nH
X |se y<\#H *jT<qy&, uV+~jT CH $wjT +
& *q~.
33. |u e T' ` |w+> us ydy] >=|y&T. usDeTH~
u> y qT |< q\D \ {.
34. |Ps'
` u\T u < deT]+H u>yqT&T |
d]k&T . < sD+ n ny|d e Td eTyT. ny nH<s' n
n+ y<+ L& u> y qT |Ps d++~. @ $wjT +| d
b e&+, nqY |Ps' ` y<+\ bs ` ne~ <{q y&T. jT y#

es+ nb| eTqk dV n y<+ *+~.
47. d |w< <' ` n |wT \ # y< yTq y&T. y< X ds sVyTe
y< y<+ <<$<e #VyT n n+ ds y<+ |b<T&T Hq
u> y qT& *b&T.
48. w\'
` w\yT wjTyT X+yT se<+ s+qyT n
y<+ #| q w\T&T.
49. ds Xg$Y ` deTdXk\qT *dqy&T. VjTê&T. d\$<
|esq T&T. $<ù nH <TeqT nqTd]+ |{q |<+ > $Y nH
< u$d, ds Xk\# |b<T&T> b+<&y& ue+.
50. ne CqeTT<jTT Vd' ` ne *qT, yUqeTT<qT q #T \
\y&T. yUeTT<yT ~ VjTê <qX+ ue+.
51. es|<'
` es|<. () esyT q ` Xwy T q eTT nqT>V +#y&T.
52. |sD'
` |s n| qe' ` m|{| &T qq+> ud+#y&T.
53. |sTwXw' ` eT' |sTw dq' |seT<V' nH
|sTw\ >=|y&T.
54. XsD '
` e TT&q s &T. XS`V+kjyT nH <Te qT+&
|{q XsDX+, bb\qT e]+|Cdy&H ns \TT+~. nTe+{
b|ese TT\ >=|y&T ` n ns+ . , XsD + >Vs ' nH |T +Te
e#H {, u \ >=| nbXjT + ` ydkqeT ns+ . yTT< \T|&q
ns+ b| , s +&e ns+ b| \TTq~.
55. |sy T Xs' ` uj
T $u s|yT q |sy T X s \y&T.
56. X+'
` ds + >de TT<+ e, }]w+ (eT<~ n]w& s+Z )
y&T. |se X+d uy \y& , n kMT|+ qysT
L& nTe+{ X+ b+<TTHsT <! ~ u> y qT X+ |sw.
57. <+'
` XTe\qT nD# X \y&T.
58. <' ` < sTT+qy&T ` njT ' <' jTq
d' nH $esD{ qqT <+# u \ eTqdT\ <~ <c\qT
b>=fy & L& ns+ . <X + $T*q y \d T + ~.
VjTêkD
59. $T' ` u \ XTe\qT sTT+qy&T.

60. >qjT' ` ><|&T.ds+ $weTjT+ >Y n, s+ y
Vs dqT' n, <$T<+ dsyT ` n ~> >\ |eD\T
dsDj\T.
61. qeTTVs' ` qeTTs|yT q d+ks V]+#y&T.
62. Je'
` JejTr Je' ` u \ qT HX+ qT+& e]+|Cd ,
q deqT nqT>V + J$+|C dy&T. q+<eT] s>yH V] d
|P', <w + q dV <$! c H d|]#sH n n+ u s Y Je'
nH HeT $esD *q |eD+ & L& dsDj
T +.
63. jT<'
` j #y&T.
64. C&HXq' ` < eXyT q C& ` eTH $s\qT b>=fy &T.
65. q|jT ' ` uqT\ |jTT&T. u\qT |jTT\T> \y&T.
ud-re yT |j ' n u> e <T.
66. qdT ' ` u qT\ dT +#& k< yTq y&T. qH nqq+>
=*#y] sTD q yuy deT>+> <]+|Ck&T. qT, y]
dT +#& k< yTq y&T.
67. C| |jT Y ` q eT+ |+#y |j #dy&T.
68. |uT '
` $<+ > bdq\ |j nqT>V +, q n
k+<s + y] eX+ #d =, C<Xq T b+~+#>\ deTsT& T .
69. $eT\'
` <wsV T&T. d#y T q s, duy \y&T. s\
d{ yT n <qds|eT+.
70. $Xs|' ` $X q s|+> \y&T. VjT^y$sed+<s +
$wjT + e+ .
71. $X>b ` $X s+#y&T. , deTd $<s|yTq y<
s+ #y& ns+ . >b nH VjT^yes |sy T q He |sXsu s Y
nsH *bsT.
72. $~dT '
` V# dT +|&qy&T. y<\qT s+ q u> y qT V
dT +q d+<s HeT+ ddTq ~.
34
VjTêkD
69
70
73. $B+< ed+dT ' ` Vy+<<T\# dT +|< qy&T. VX+s

y^Xusrydd$yT n $w\ d+V <qX+ d
dsDjT+.
74. X+<' ` s~+#y] X+ #y&T. qqT <+# y]
eT k<Y |s+ X++ kq+ b|d XXyT n ^qT, MTXq+
es<+ <eMT&yT... #jq+ X+ eT+yT n XXs|wT
qT #| &q X+s|yT q y #y&T.
75. X+bs>' ` X+jTT |see~# b+<&y&T. nqqu #
b+<&y&T.
76. XjT '|<' ` Xj s|yT q |se T|sTcs #y&T.
77. XeTjT' ` TT>EkeTe|w n ]+ |& y<e TjTT&T.
78. XjT k+ |' ` XjT dT\ n{ n~| .
79. Xs'
` n|VyT q d#q T \y&T. XqyT ` Xs +
c&DZ + { < .
80. n#T'
` nes\qT mH q eTVeT #Ty&T. ||q T\qT
$&Tey&T. VjTê e#+ Hd+ z+sjT n#TjT n
HeT+ |T {y T +&+ >eT+#< q~.
81. nq+s |' ` k<T |]D+ d+, <Tw ~HX+d+, <s d+k|q
d+ mq q sb\qT \y&T.
82. bD<'
` $<+ > |]>V +q ness b\qT |+{ jT
< \<' n, d<e bD' $X n #| &q nqTu$ +#&
q X u \ #y&T.
83. |~M|' ` qsD+ # qs~|y T nH eqe\ u $T
Xd+# |uT e $c~c H \y&T.
84. ne'
` $<+ > +& dTjTT $Xc+XqT ne+ > \y&T.
, qqT s~+# y], d|jT + <]+#>]q y] e+ y&T.
85. es |' ` u \ e+ #dq sb \y&T.
86. ds k ` n+ e \qT kT> <]+#Ty&T.
VjTêkD
87. y Vs' ` Cq |<q+<s y] y >TD V]+#y&T.

88. nCq HX' ` eTd Cq+ $~ nH y >TD eT\yTq
nCH q+|C dy&T.
89. C
` CH >TD+> \y&T.
90. |Ps#+<deT|u' ` d+|Ps #+<d+XyT n <+|&
|q$TH{ #+<T +e+{ V< s y T q + \y&T.
91. Cq<'
` Cq|<T &T.
92. y'
` ds $<~| . () $< nq& \ H<T &T.
93. j^
` j>' n|T {s| T qyT, eTV|ue ', k-kXjT q
j> q # nH |sXsu s Y $wd V dHeT uw+ #dq yK dsDj
T +.
n|T {| T qe\H >=| |u y +>, >=|> \y& ue+. s|+
n|T {| T q+ s +&T sb\ \sTT. ~ nXj *qZ ~. yTq ~.
due+ n|T {| T q L& |d< y T <.
94. j^X'
` >=| j>Tq dqdq +<H<T\ |uT y, y] n~s+
rs>H y] eTT |k~+#y&T. dq+<HBH n|\ cH eTT+Xs
u j-e| yT |<y T n u s Y ++q |eD+ dsDj
T +.
95. ds eT<' ` j>+qT+& |q+ #+~qy] j>ud|\+>
nDe<wd<T\qT #y&T. sTy eT y] j>k<qqT
=qk+#T #d, k<q e] y nqT>V +#y&T.
96. eTVj^ ` >=|<q j> ` ujT$u s|yTq Xs
*Zqy&T.
97. eTVeT ` eTT n+f eTqqo\T&T. ><D s|yT q >=| +qqT
\y&T.
98. eTX'
` dqdq +<~ eTTqT\ X&T.
99. XjT k+ |' ` y] XjT dT\ n~| .
100. V+d' ` V+ d+>HyT ` nH y] b|+ $wjT
d+>\qT q+|C dy&T. VjTeTTK+ <j$T V+kyT ` nH VjTê
35
VjTêkD
71
72
VjTêkD
l VjTê eT\eT+dT
<qX d dsDjT+. VjTê>jTreT++ L& H V+d'

|#<j Y n HeT|T {y T q~. V+d Xy #T&q dsTq
n+s$TjT , je\T q Xj
T Es< |k~+qy&T.
101. |seTV+d' ` |seTV+d s|+ V k]+qy&T.
e++ us+ y< s + (349) VjTê d+V\ |d< + . ~<
s> e ++ eTsT< H d y T , + <y <s jed VjTs eTVY
nH y< s d dsDj
T +.
102. $X>b ` $X s+ #y&T. n $<\qT s+ #y&T. ds$<X
sjT n VjTêeT++.
103. $s{
` $Xwy T q B| \y&T.
104. ds{ ` k-s ' |se T' ds{ nH ds{ Xy #T&T.
dsd+T&T.
105. X<d { d + X' ` s\d{yT nH d#y T q d{ +
e+{y&T.
106. {eT+&\d+jTT' ` VjTêsbqT>TDyTq p\TqT \y&T. X
nkue H Bs' sy s+Xde' n VjTs bUq d.
107. ~eT<+sV ' ` ~, eT< qT, n+ y&T. T&T.
108. ds y^Xs Xs' ` y\ n~| T \T> #| & V, <D eT],
Vd, dsd e+{y] n+eT+#< q~.
( dT Hs<|sD+ ydHs< d+y< s|+> |d<yTq

VjTê |+s+ n+sZ y T q~. dT 10e, 11e, 12e, 13e
X\ esTd> yTT<{, s+&e, eT&e, H\Ze b<\qT *|
VjT^yqTwu X+ sb+<&+ >eTHs+ $<+ > dT ns+ H
, X ' L& VjTêeT++).
1.
qeT dTu+ >H<! \+! |ss!
qyy#+ |sX $<sCjT $wy
z >H<! \+! |ss! $< |uT e, $wy q eTT+<T>
qeTks+.
2.
z+sBZ<s bjT TT>EkeTeTsj
T
qy-dT <e<yjT y+s+ |jT # yT
|De|PsyT q BZ< ds|+> \y&e, TT>< ` jTEs<
` keTy<\ eTu$ +qy&e, <e\ <e&yq qeTks+. H
eTHs< nqT>V +#T.
3.
nCq$Ts+ +~ Cq eX |jT # yT
<V yT d+|<+ <e! VjTos! qy-dT
<y! VjT^y! H nCqeTH N{ #~ +#T. H CH y>+ >
*+Z #T. H d+|<q T nqT>V +#T. qeTks+.
4.
u||X#BH +~ <e! Hsq!
sBH dH s>H HXjuT<jT+ sT
<y! HsH ! u | $X#\qT #~ +#T. s+ yTT<q n
s>\qT q+|Cs TT. nuT <j *+Z #T.
5.
<]<+ d\ + +~ sT ku>uqyT
XH HXjT yT <e! VjTê! qy-dT
<y! VjT^y! H <]< n+{ #~ +#T. qqT ku>
b+ njTT #sTT. XTe\qT q+|Cs TT. qeTks+.
36
73
74
yT<+ $<+ \+ |C+ d+|<+ |byH

<V yT <e<yX ! VjTê! qy-dT
<e<yX ! VjT^y! H yT<q T, $<qT, , >=| CH,
d+|<q T, |T\qT, bT\qT nqT>V +#T. qeTks+.
7.
seTTUH dsH d$cH $\jT+ qjT
neT+ sT e+ <e! VjTê! qy-dT
s&T yTT<q $c \ ds\qT q+|Cs TT. z <y! VjT^y!
qqT eTy> #sTT. qeTks+.
8.
deX+ seX+ qeX+ |ss !
sT <y+>H+<deeq|<+T !
z |ss! <ed\ deTV+# d$+#& b<|< \qT \y&!
d\ T, |uT e\T, qT\T n+<iT H eX+ njTT #j *.
9.
V+kjT |sy T XjT #+<eT+&\ydH
qy Vje +>jT y+s |<sTTH
(s +< q+|C dy&T, , n+<yT q >eTH \y&T,
X<d ds|&T qT) V+dX y #T&T, >=| |uT e, #+<eT+&\+ eT<
y+#d +&y&T, ]q ]\qT nqT>$T+#y&q VjTêq qeTks+.
10. TT>E'keTsbjT TTjT eTVd qeT'
TTX_+eT<dsJydquH
TT><, jTEs<, keTy< ds|&T, d ds|&T, Cs|&T,
#+<eT+&\+ eT< >\ |<dq+ y+#d +&y&q VjTêq
qeTks+.
11. y<y < +y< jT y<VsDs D
u< eVeTVyV< +dH VD qeT'
y<, y<+\# *jT&y&T, eT<T uT \T n|V ]+q y<\qT
] rd= eqy&T, y<y <\ bsT *> nCH b>=fy &T, |s V
ds| nsTTq VjTêq qeTks+.
12.
VjTêkD
6.
VjTêkD
|C|<sTTH + u + u$HyT
|DyBZ<e #d (e|w) |D+ |b<jT
qqT nqqyTq ueq =*#y] |q T nqT>V +# y&T, z+s
|PsyT q BZ<+ # |b~+|& VjTêq qeTks+.
13. eT+<s+<d{eTV#sTesd
eTc|<< y jT eTVXsd qeT'
\e T+<s+, +<+, d{ + e # >=|<q n+<yT q esdTqT
\y&T, T~|<jT&q VjTê<eq qeTks+. (10e X+ qT+&
13e X+ es >\ H\TZ X\ VjT^yqTwu eT++ |<e T,
~rjT, rjT, b<\qT esTd> Ls&sTT.)
14. <<Xe T+X qeTd Hsq yT
|dq e<q' bV bsXs db ~'
$<+ > <<Xe T+\ Hsq T b~, |dq yTq eTTK+
\y&q ydT&T qeTd]+ |*&T.
15. bN d+< <+]Xj'
|C< w s+ql s|P s
e y<H uT yT ye
y^XU ydT<ed eT]'
nCq eTqT s n+eTT #jT Tq~, ns#jTyTq b'd+<
e+{~, *Cqs|yT q | ` nqT HeTTq s y T q TjT T,
y<e TT\qT ee TT #jT Tq~, VjTe<qeTTqT *qZ ~, VjTê\qT |sT *qZ ~
n>T ydT<e&qT |sejTT VjTêeT] HeTqdTq s+seTT
ud+#TqT> !
16. s\Cqd+<V+ <+<+dqssyT
qe$T Ts> ê+ V]+ ksd |<y T
s\Cqds|&T, nCH b>=fy &T, ksd nqT>V +#
y&T, V]jT q VjTê qeTd]dTH qT.
37
VjTêkD
75
76
VjTê bsH <<XyT
7.
VjTêkD
lu ~dV + dsus D u wy T
VjTê eTV+ e+< #|< <s + V]yT
\<$, u<$, <e\ L& +&y&T, n usD\
n\+]+|&qy&T, ldT<sH, |< <]+qy&T, V] nsTTq
VjTêq qeTd]dTH qT.
8.
X+K#eTV|<Cq|d<]DyT
VjTê eTV+ e+< $< Xs|<jTyT
X+K #\qT, |<, |d <]+qy&T, $<qT, Xs
nqT>V +#y&T nsTTq VjTêq qeTd]dTH qT.
9.
X<d{d+X+ |+&jTDyT
ds Xg|<s+ VjTê eTTbdV
@ <w+ d{+e+{ \ es \y&T, |+&\e+{,
$X\yTq H\qT \y&T, n Xk\qT nqT>V+#y&q VjTê
bddTHqT.
10. CHq+<eTjT+<e+ s\d{ yT
<s+ ds $<H+ VjTê eTTbdV
CHq+<eTT\qT ds|s|e TT\T> *qZ y&T, @ <weTT ,
d#y T q , d{e TTe+{ seTTqT *qZ y&T, deTd$ <\ <syT q y&>T
lVjTêu> y qT <+#T#THqT.
11. X+K#eTVeTT<|d&+ #TsTyT
X+K+, #+, yUqeTT<, |d + `nH y \y&T, #T sTE&T,
d+|Ps #+<Te+{y&q VjTê bddT H eTT.
12. $X<$ Cq|T qds|+ $Cq$XDq *Zqy&T, n{ $CqeTTqT
nqT>V +#TjT B> *qZ y&T, <jT ~, bDT\ >=| XsD eTT n>T
lVjTê<e XsD T y&T #THqT.
1.
qyy<+<j
T XkD+ |j
T qeT'
jTCH+ <jT Tu+ sD+ |\<sTTH
y<+\ ~$, Xk\ |$, jTC\ ~$, s \ |
# y&yq qeTks+.
2.
$<<s jT j>jT y^XjT qy qeT'
n+jT qy + ds CHH qeT'
$<<s T &T, j>d s|&T, y\ n~| nsTTq VjTêq
qeTks+. u$+#& k< + sb \y&T, deTd Cqds|&q
VjTêq + qeTks+.
3.
TTeT] d + eTVuVA! jTEs] s< '
keTeT] d yTy<' ds <-<seT]eH
>=| uVQe\qT \y&! e TT><d s|&e. n<C ! e
jTEs<eT]$. >sDu T&yq y keTy<e T]$. n<s Dy<e T]$.
4.
ds CqeTj-d + VCH-V eT#T !
<V yT ds $Cq+ VjTê! qy-dT
n#T! VjT^y! e deTdC qds|&e. HqT Cq+ q+q
y&qT. e H deTdC H |k~+#*. qeTks+.
5.
||H-V+ VjTê+ ||H ]V s+ V]yT
jTd |k<X q y^X eTTb$XY
||q T ] b>=fy &T, V] nsTTq VjTê XsD Tb+<qT.
k$T nqT>V + X+ # y^X + (Vd e T~eT+T& +&+)
d~++~.
6.
<H -V+ -V+ eTT-V+ s+<H'
VjTê|<+udsDH e #k
VjTêk$T b<+TC\qT eTqdT <+#&+e\ HqT
<q T&qjqT. T&qT njqT. s +<\qT+& eTT& q jqT.
38
VjTêkD
77
78
lVjTêeT+>X'
VjTêkD
6.
jTXdH # #Cq|d<]D
dsus D jTTjT d+ <y kjT eT+>y T
>=| ] \y&T, #, X+U, CH *+Z # |d <] +q
y&T, n us D \qT \y&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
7.
q<yXeT[dqes++|TjT
Ve+s++>jT VcsyjT eT+>y T
(q) qeTd]+q <e\ |uT e\ {\ b~q qes\
+T\T k #sD \qT \y&T, +>sT eHqT \ ek <] +#&+ #
X_ n+>\qT \y&T, Vcsy (d* +|qT) #dy&q VjTêq
eT+>+ .
8.
eTes jT eT+>|T |<sTTH
eTVXsd ds eT+>jdT eT+>y T
eTes ` n+f ` y<<s D #dq y&T, n eT+>\qT
*+Z #y&T, >=| nXsdT qT \y&T, nqsTde T+> ds|&q VjTêq
eT+>+ .
9.
eTT$ <|< # nq+|\ <sTTH
|<|s+skjT |<cjT eT+>yT
eTT , $<qT #y&T (, eTT $<qT nqT>V +#y&T), n+T
| #y&T, dq|<+ y+#d qy&T, \<$# *+>q+
#d &qy&q VjTêq eT+>+
( dT >\ X\ yTT<{ ns\qT L]q|&T zyT

VjT^yjTqeT' nH ncsyTq VjTêeT++ sb+<TT+~.
(=$T<e X+ |Pss+ $d+~ s+> >V +#*.)
1.
z+s|+ skjT zdC <s jT #
zwBX \j+dy >BX jT eT+>y T
|Dy&T, zdT, dT ` nH >TD\qT \y&T, #+<eT+&\
eT< dT& q y>BX q (VjTêq) eT+>+ .
2.
V]D++sk jT V]D+dHjT #
V]D~w +jT VjT^yjT eT+>y T
#+<eT+&\+ eT< y+#d qy&T, #+<Te+{ n+<yTq
eTTU \y&T, V]D nq& \ & \y&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
3.
jT$TH eTy<jT jTeTu<y]D
jTH jT| j
T jTC+>jdT eT+>y T
j>T\ q+< *+Z #y&T, jTeTu<\ qT y]+#y&T, jT
(jTs ) , jT |, jTC+>T&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
4.
^yus D jTTjT ^Xg|<sTTH
^sDq+<<j-dT VjT^yjT eT+>y T
+susD\qT \y&T, ^Xk nqT>V+qy&T, <e\
q+< *+Z #y&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
^qT nqT>V +q lw& T ydT<e&T. VjTê&T L& y^XU
ydT<edeT]' n ydT<e& <!
5.
yejT VsjT y^X |<sTTH
ye+k+>Hb+>d+ >jdT eT+>y T
V], y^X (>=| b+& ` Vd ke) *+Z #
y&T, &y| & LsTq \<$ {\ d++< \ (\<$
|eT> #&&) VjTêq eT+>+ .
39
VjTêkD
79
80
ly<+< \T s+q
1.
VjTêkD
dd<+ X<d{eTDuuY|uyT
dT<dBN_' <T_ se< uT eqyT
nq+ dj
T + sqT$VVcV\V\yT
VXce<+ VjT<q MT&eTV eTV'
dd <+ R s eT\eTT> |{q ~> , dV eTT> ne]+
q~, X< R |]X<yTq, d{eTD R d{ eTDT\ L&q, uuY R
|s eTT, |u + R d]+#Tq~ (b*q~, < $T+q~), dT<dBN_'
R neTeTT b*q, <T_' R +T\#, ne< R \> #jT&q,
uT eq+ R eTTe TT\qT *qZ ~, nq+' R ne~ , jT +' R y<e TT\#,
nqT$V RnqTe~+|&q, VcV\V\+ R V\V\eTqT VcseeTTqT
*qZ ~, VR q+q, nXw R deTdy T q , ne<+ R <weTT\qT *qZ ~
n>T, VjTe<q+ R VjTês|eT>T, eTV' R +, &eTV R
dT+TeTT.
Xe TTq lVjTês|eTT <+|&T#Tq~.
nCjTeH VQ< $CjT nqTqT s |* eTTe\q sT
|e\q ne]+q~, s\yTq, d{eTDT\ L&q |seTT
d]+#Tq~, neTeTTe+{ +T\ eTTeTT\qT \> #jTTq~,
nd+UeTT\>T, y<e TT\ |s|eTT\>T V\V\eT X_+ #T VcseeTT\qT
#jT Tq~, m{ VjT>TDeTTqT ~ n>T VjTê\H& |s+ C dT +TeTTn ueeTT.
jT +' nqT$VVcV\V\yT ` nH |j >+ $\D yTq ~.
V\V Xu V G nV ` n $&Bd, V\T\, n#T\ s|+
deTd Xs VjTê V\V\s|y T q Vcse+ eT\+ qT, <
y<\T d + nqTe~dTq $ ` nH nsk sd + dT]dT+ ~. nV n+f
n#T. deTd Xs y<+ eT\+> y< L& VjTê V\V\se+
eT\eT s+. nsH H\Ze X+ $e]dTq ~.
X+ qT deVs' ~ H\Ze X+ qT VjTê <e
;Cs q Vs, \s | + #jT &&+ >eTHs+. dT VjTê
eT+eTH $wj ~ d#q.
lVjTêkyT
X~ >+< s \ T, $] d+VQ\T, ds + d+\T. y<+
#sT\T> |d< T q l y+H< $ y<+< \T> >d<T \ T. MsT
>=| VjT^ybd \T. VjTêk$T \qT, eT+sV k\qT $w]d
VjTêkeTH n<T y\sTT+#sT. $<~<e nsTTq VjTê
dT +# X\ d+K V$<\ d+K nsTTq 32 deq+>
+&&+ B= q sD+.
l<\ bsH X+
leH y+H<s' $] d
y<+#ses yT d< + d< V~
e\, ]\ d+V+ e >=|ysT, y<+#sesTq
ly+H<T \T d< V<jT + H\= +&*.
```
Cqq+<eTjT+ <e+ s\d{ yT
Cq G q+<eTjT+ R CHq+< ds|&T, s\ R(d#y T q
<weTT , d{ R d{eTTe+{, + R seTTqT *Zqy&T,
ds$<H+ R n $<\, <s+ R<suT&TqT n>T, VjTê+
<e+ R VjTêu> y qT, bdV R bd+#T#THeTT.
Xe TTq u> y qT Xd# ~yT q ds|eTT <+|&T#Tq~.
CHq+<eTT\qT ds|s|e TT\T> *qZ y&T, @ <weTT ,
d#y T q , d{e TTe+{ seTTqT *qZ y&T, deTd$ <\ <syT q y&>T
lVjTêu> y qT <+#T#THqT.
( X+ <+ < =+<iT, < yTq eTi=+<iT
u $d T H s T . n+< T e\ H = V j T êk yK\ X +
yU+|&<T.)
40
VjTêkD
82
81
VjTêkD
R sT D ~, <V u + R bDT\, XsD + R >=| XsD eTTqT n>T,

VjTê+ <e+ R VjTê&qT |sTqT \ u> y qT, nV+ R HqT, ||<
R XsD T y&T #THqT.
eT | y T q lVjTê u> y qT <\T Xe TT <s
|| #jT T#TH&T.
4.
deVs ke+ ||< eT#+ <eT jTEc+
\jT' | VH+ \V]$s< \<'
<<su<\ V\ue+
Vs +s++ VjTe<q VcV\V\'
ke+ R keTy<eTTjTT, deVs' R deTVeTT, TT#+R
TT><eTTjTT, ||<+ R |s|eTT, jTEc+ R jTEs<eTT jTT,
<eT R kqeTT (XseTT), |VH+ R |+<eTT\jTT, \jT' R
< +deTT (#jT Tq~), u< \<' R CqdeTT<eTTjTT, \V]$' R seTT\
deTVeT>T, VjTe<q R lVjTê eT]jTT, VcV\V\' R
V\V\eT X_+#T VcseeTT, <<sR y<>seTT#, uY R
nV+]+#T, < \ R |y<T\ deTVeTT jTT, V\ R \\eTT#,
ue + R |{q , n+s++R nCqeTTqT, VsT R b>=TqT>!
yTT<{ Xe TT s se TTqT Xe TT $XB]+#T#Tq~. nq>VjTê\ Vc<jTT yweTT XeTT |b~seTT.
|PsXeTTq <\T VjTê\qT <+ &eTV n |\T>H
u | s + T&>T VjTe<q u> y qT&T eHeTTqH |# + ~, y] eTT+<T
V\V\eTqT VcseeTTqT #jT T#T | e TT > seeTTqT $ |se X
q <\T < dT +#T#THsjTT #| e#TqT. VjTe<qdT |jT
<T , k$T VcV\V\seeTT eyT <+#Ty] w b| , nw b|
\T>#jTT#Tq< |\T#THsjTT #|e#TqT. Vs+s+yT nH
|j >+ V] HeT $esD+. V] Xy #T&T < VjTe<qT&T.
2.
bN d+< <+]Xj'
|C< w s+ql s|P s
e y<H uT yT ye
y^XU ydT<ed eT]'
n+' Xj'R eTqdT nCqeTT nqT sjTT (n+eTTqT
d+#T), Y R ns#jTyTq , bN d+< R b'd+< , |C< w' R
|u nqT HeTTq, n|Ps R + eTT+<T (>=|<q ), n+ql'R
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uT R |+#TqT> !
eT qT\eTT+<T k]+q VjTê\ s|eTT eTT eTqdTq
|+|eqqT ]qT $ +<T |{ + #T#THsT. \ <se n$qyTq
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y<e TT\qT ee TT #jT Tq~, VjTe<qeTTqT *qZ ~, VjTê\qT |sT *qZ ~
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3.
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lsejTD, eTVus~ |d<>+<eTT\qT s+q y yk<T\
|jTeTT\qT>] @eTqeqT?` nq#, y]{ $X eqT
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* dsd jTT nqT>V eTTe\qH |+#T#THsT. eq, sT De\q
H dT #jT T k< yTqqT |dT X |yT jTeTT.
zsT! $T d+#|& H \ ! dV eTT> qTq X keTs eTT\
dT +|e#TqT< ! n u> y qT&T nq>, n+<T\ de<qeTT> kMT!
eTT $<|<H~X# seTyTq <D eT], y>|Dj
T q dsd ,
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$TqT $TqT eTqT#THsT <!-n ueeTT -n yi= yUqeTT.
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dsd r<$, eTT >=| e\T> |sT b+~q ydy |sXs~ eTVsT\T
- MTsT n+<iT e nqT>V +q n\yTq X \ # ud\T#T HsT` n
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7.
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T '
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y#+ < R y\ ~ n>T, z VjTêkMT !, + R e,
<G n|H R eT<TuT\# n|V]+|&q, >eH R y<eTT\qT,
keTy<eTT\ deVseTT, TT><|s|eTT, jTEs<eTTjTT

\jTeTT, CqdeTT<eTTjTT seTT\ deTVeT>T lVjTê\
Vcs|yT q V\V\< |y<T\T $T* >]+ #jT T V\eTTe\q
q u \ eTqdT\ \TZ d+XjT $|s j~ s|yT q nCH+< seTTqT
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5.
nbsTwjT s| y||+ #
s<| u eT<wb syT
dTe qV+ eTT> jT e
sTD H< ! {D j
T '
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s|eTT qTq, y ||+ #' R yde TVeTT\#, n| R L&, n< n| R
H{ , n<wb s+ R n+T #&&, R jTT, u + R d+|<q T,
dTeH R keTT#jTT#Tq, nV+ R HqT, eTT>' G RyVeX&qT
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T ' @e R sT D+|&e\dqy&H dTe !
|PsXe TTq VjTêu> y qT XsD TCq l<\T, k$T
$wjTeTTq dsbqT>TDyTq y +seTTqT #jTH+]. n{ y
+ s eTT dT +#TjT< ! , u> y qT dT +#T eT X $T+q~
eq n{ |jTeTTqT #jTT eTqT $T+|e\jTTq k$T <\T
+<T sT#THsT.
kMT ! ujT$uT\ |uTe>T XseTT m+ >=|<
nbsTwjTeTT\>T y<e TT\TL& H{ *jT q$. n{ >=|qeTTqT
]+#T HqT m+ eTsT&qT ! { qqT e sT |e\qH
sT D+|e\jTTqT dTe !- n ueeTT.
eTT> ` nH |j >eTT $\D yTq ~. yu e eTT yyV
b+~qy&qT, qT, yyVyT qqT dT +#T #dT q y qT&T $ zsT! e V<e b]+| qqT V

|eT T~X*>, Cq~> #| &T Vd b]+|e#TqT <! nq>,
n+<T\ $, VdL& e {+#Te\H desZeTTq
|e]+#T#TH&T. eqH +<<T\ XseTT d e TT n$#\eTT> qTq~
n |\T#THsT.
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dHseZ TTqT #|+#T#THe. n{ VdjTT T~\eTT #H +<~
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9.
n> d$T<]w d| + sdy H eT+eTjT+ XsyT
nK+&ks s$c+ |<H
sbjTq+ yeTd<+ $<
d$T<]w R B|C\\qT \, d|+' R d|+Teq&T
T ejTT, n> R njT+<T, eT+eTjT+ R y<e T+s |yT q , Xs+
R XseTTqT, dy H R b+~qy&y, nK+&ks' R deT>yT q kseTTqT
\, V$c+ |< H' R |< qeTTq #sT |s&X~ V$dT\, yeTd<+
R <e\, bjTq+ R | , $< R *+Z #T #THe.
|PsXe TT\ |dT +|&q V, sT<T&T, Vd, +<T&T
yTT<\>T <e\T d+T\T < ! jTeTT\ d+s |eTT> s<T \T
< ! nq#, jTj><T\ y] |sT |eTT> #]+|&qqT,
jTeTTq ns|&y, eT+eTjTyTq XseTTqT <\T y V$dT\qT
k~+, <e\ | *+Z #T#THe. eq ys+<iT ds <
|s + T\T` n |\T +<* $Xwe TT. d eTed u>yH VjTos
@w' nH u>e| sD e++ & k]+.
<y! $T*> y\T>=+<T C\\qT *qZ eTUjT+<T eT+eTjTyTq
XseTTqT *qZ y&y, T e deT]+|&q #sT |s&X~ V$dT\qT
e >V +, j <e\ | *+Z #T#THe -n ueeTT.
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T ' R yd+|&q
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T T\ T qqT keTT #jT T
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nud+#Ty&>T VqT b]+q, n&T { eqX |k~+|>\&T
<! nq>, n+<T\ de<qeTT> <\T, Xe TTq kMT! V
L & e d w bs + u e TTq y < e TT\ , n & T y sTTq
|eTjTeTTq dVjT|&, y<eTT\qT ] n nqT>V+$ <!
eq y {+ |eqT n nqT#THsT.
y\ ~ n>T z VjTê|u ! eT<T uT \H& < T \T y<e TT\qT
n|V ]+q|&T e sT | VjTês|eTTqT <* y] eT]+,
] y<e TT\qT V y< eT<|jT ~~yT n, j VD+ $<<
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8.
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Vd+ esj
T d jTd yT
He <e ! <XXsDyT
ndw& sTT e~syT
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>TsTe>T Vd, $s&+ R <TsV\# \TZ #+#\eTTqT+&,
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T d R |e]+#TqT
# j T T# T Hy, q G@e R s D eTT# H , < X G X sD+ R
+<<T\jTT, ~s+ R ~| eTT, ndw& sTT+ R }dqT
~> (ds y T q ~>) n>T#Tq~.
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nc|B qe|B u ew dV ks |sy T yeTH
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d\ d< Xq es| < y \qT dwd T q < X_+ +~. @$<+ > n+f ` yTT<
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k$ sb\ ~|~ nsTTq~, <q +s+ H\TZ y<\ s|+ #T w~
njTq~. |<| iT y<+>\T, |sD <s Xk\ nc|~ nsTTq~. sT y,
MTe+k, HjT, k+K, j>, b+#s, bX|, jTTs<, <q Ts<,
>+<s y<\ qe|~ nsTTq~. sTy, nq+y d+<s\
dV k] jT , nq+ $<\ s|+> d+|qyTq ~.)
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$c< d<+ |+s+.
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j eT\ eejTeTV<TeDyT
q Cq+ $X<d '
eTs eTs e +
< R { (+{ qT|+#T), + R X~ deTVeTT,
jTY G eT\+ R < sDeTT> *qZ <, |u R |rjTeqeT>T #Tq<,
ejT eTV<TeD+ R y<eTT\q&T eTVeeTT\, j R @
nse, eT\+ R ~u>y, n{, ns+ R q+|, + R,
ns e + R ns~ ns e qT, R d++~+q~>, $X
<d ' R s\yTq d >TDeTTqT \ysT, q R jT<s eTT>, Cq+
R *d=qT#THsT.
keTTqT #jT T nedsy T q CqeTT MT e\jTTqq ns
d$Tws |yT q eqT b]+q#, MT ] rsTqT < ! n u> y qT&q>,
n+<T\ $ kMT ! nsejTT XwyT < ! yTqT
n+s$TjT , # y #T&y jTTqy&e y < ! eq H b]+TqT
nqT#THsT. , ds ||+ #eTTqqT eT\sDeTT y nqT#THsjTT
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T eTT.
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eTVee TT\ eT\eTTqT, nqXseTTqT n>T ns e Xwy T q ~>
$X<d ueeTTqT *qZ eTVT\T *d=qT#THsT` n ueeTT.
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ue+ d+<s + nqTd+<j
T +.
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HsTT. $es\qT $Eq |<\ d~ >V +#*.
11. nyY yy qd +
He sbD # j |PsyT
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y^Xs! + <T|y #'
y G Xs R y\T |uT e>T VjTêkMT !, + R e,
|Ps+ R dwd e TjTeTTq, nyY R HeTs|eTT\T , eTijT T, dY
nqT |sTqT *qZ >T q +<T |y +, >T j
T T, j R @, He R
|sq T, # R eTijT T, sbD R s|eTT\qT (dueeTT \qT), yyH R
$u>eTTqT #dq y&H, nd R Hy, c+ R HeTs|eTT\jTT, #se +
|c+ R |s ekqu $T>, + R qT, Y G|y #' R # <]+|&q
y<e TT\qT \ eTVT\T ( nqT>V eTTe\q CqeTTqT b+~q eTVjTT\T),
X+d+ R ]+ #T#THsT.
dw#jT&q ||+#eTTjTT |sekqdjTT y nqT#T $
dT+#T#THsT.
z y^Xs ! e dw bs+ue TTq HeTs|$u>qsyT , dY |sT
eeTT eeV]+|&T >T j
T +<T nqT|y +, HeTs| ysy D
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n ueeTT.
+<T VjTêk$TjTT dsXy#eTT, $XseTT \T|
&q$.
12. eTT>+<Tw+<$uj+
eT]+ yq+<dT <|d yT
$| Xd uejT+
y eTT<s $Te <T>d + <'
eTT> G +<TR u\#+<TjTT, w+< RyH \e, $u j+
R eTHVsyT q ~, q+< R q+<eTH&, dT< R neTeTTq, |d + R
qkqeTT (eqH), <T>d + <' R b\deTT<eTTjTT, <s+ R>=|<q ,
y+ R dTee, (n_e~e, rseTTe) q, e R jTT, eT]+ R
s|eTTqT, $|' R $<+dT\T, #d R eTqdTjT+<T, uejT+ R
u$+#T#THsT (bd+#T#THsT).
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|<q$wjTeTT. , e |\T $<eTT> qqT ds~> mesqqT
bd+s? n u> y qT&T |+|>, n+<T\ de<qeTTqT $ +<T
\T|#THsjTT #| e#TqT.
u\# + < T y H \e eTqd T qT V ]+# T q~. q+< e TqT
neT|yVeTTqT |eV+|#j
T Tq~, b\deTT<eTTjTT ne~e qTq<>T
s|eTTqT j>T\T eT eTqdTq \T|=, <qeTT #jT T#THsT- n
ueeTT.
13. eTH>+ |X jT d< +
eTwD+ eqdsV+dyT
djT+ |sue$y< ($ue) u'
+s d s jT<syT
VjTêkD
eTwD+ R T~eT+T\jTT, eqdsV+d+ R eTqdT nH&

eqdds d T &+ #T >=| V+d n>T, + R qT, jT' R me&T, d< R
m\| &T, eTH>+ R eTqdTq \qy>, |X R ##T#TH&, d
R ej
T T, s' R y\T, djT+ R djTeTT>, |sue R nVeTV$T,
$yeTT>, +s R
+ s eTTqT #jT T#Tq$.
lVjTêeT] bd+qy] n|jT eTT>H $< \_+#Tq
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mT n u> y qT&T |+|>, n+<T\ $ kMT ! qT m\| &T eTqdTq
<+#Ty] V<jTeTTqT dsydeTT> *ZjTTHe. y~ ],
s~+#Ty] n{ d~ qH \TZqT nqT>V+#T#THe n
de<qeTTqT |\T#THsjTT #| q>TqT.
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$V]+#T sV+de n>T qT @ k<&T q V<jTeTTq eTT
<+#TH, n ny|TeTTq y\T |<eT<XH nVeTV$T
dT]+, de#jT TqT. ysT ]q y~ y] \TZqT -n ueeTT.
d< V+deTH yD y q ds < nqT $w \ d+Ve#q+
dsDjT+.
14. n| D s+ \jT+ jT yT
bejT++ $X< sjTU'
y#+ |yV sy] d
eT+<+ eT+<sTTT+ e T+
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(neT< s &| q{) #\| i #Tq{, + R qT, jT R mesT, D G ns+
n| R nsDyTq, \jT+ R <+Ts, R ysT, ny]' R
n&T (| sT\ # y]+|&), y#+ |yV ' R y |yVeTT\#,
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e T+ R deTsT\ >T#THsT.
45
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dsH +> $j nqTqT +sd seTTq, HeTTq, XseTTq esT \TZqT

<! V<oH+T' |\>yH, d< |s>TD$c <we
ds<V _' nqT |d< |eD $T# dsDj
T eTT.
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qT|+| V<jT |<X e TTq ds y T q eT\eTTqT *,Z nejTeeTT \q{jT +<T
<$+, y|+#T q+<eTTe, eT XseTTq+<T n+ >>TsTqT
b+<T#THsT -n ueeTT. ((q+<<T eq> q+<yT ). k<q+<<T sq+<'
n neTseTT.)
16. k$TH ! |r# V<jT q <H '
<q#+<<jT ese qyT
ne+ eq+<|j
~ eT+'
|j_' s+ |]yVjT+
k$TH R kMT!, <H ' R u>e+T\T, |r# R n+sT KyTq ,
V<jT q R V<jT eTT, Y R jTT, <qR <qeTT nH&, #+< G
<jT R #+<<jT eTTe\q, ese q+ R |+b+<T, n+' R eTqdTq,
ne++ R se~y T q , q+<+ R q+<eTH&, |j ~+R deTT<eTTqT,
n+ R qT\jTT, |j_' R {#, |]yVjT+ R |yVeTTqT
*qZ <> #jT T#THsT.
VjTêu> y qT <+#TysT Vq+<eTTqT b+<T<TsqT +<*
ks+XeTT. |PsXe TTq VjTê u> e < \ |\+seTT\T e]+|&>,
+<T q+<uweTT\T e]+|&T#Tq$.
kMT! n+sT KyTq eTqdT u \ T #jT T <qeTT #+<<jT eTT
e+{~. y] eTqdT (u> e <qeTTe\q) *qZ q+<eTT nqT deTT<eTTqT
<qeTH& #+<<jT eTT e~ b+~+#T#Tq~. y] eTqdT $<e TT>
|+b+~, |\T_q n+T q+<de TT<eTT uweTT\ s|eTTq jT
|eV+#T#Tq< ueeTT.
17. d sqTuy d <Bq uy'
deT<M s' (d+sT<M s+) <qT>VD
qT =\Ty] $<ue TT eyT <T y] n|V$

s#H Xj
T T \T>TqT nqT#THsT. , e |*q d~ s\eTT k< \T
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|\T>, n+<T\ $ kMT! qT s\eTT s~+| |<T . nsD eTT
<+q eeTTqH, >+>qB|yV y>e TTqT d e TT $T+q y>e TTqT
*qZ y\T y] \TZqT n |\T#THsjTT #| e#TqT.
kMT! (\) d#yTq sDeTT\ u\qT ds+>eTT
#\|i#Tq{ qT nsDyTqqT mesT eTq'|PseTT> <+Ts, ysT
eT y>>eTT >+>q~L& e y>e TTqT *qZ T #jT >\TZ<T sT- n
ueeTT.
j> Cq+ < k+K+ $<' ~ s #, y<' XkD $Cq
yTY ds+ HsHY nqTqT deTd yvjTeTT, \ T k$T nqT>V eTT#
\T>TqT<! $qT >] #| e\dq | @$T? +<T\ |dT ks
n>T < k.
15. k$TH! ue <qdT<_wY
eV+ <H ' |\qT+<y T
n\ | s&e T\
eT+>wyq+<T<T eT+s+yT
k$TH R kMT!, <H ' R n<we +T\T, ue Y R jTT, <q R
<qeTT nH&, dT< G n_wY R neTd#qeTTe\q, n\ n| R
qT|+|~ nsTTqqT, R H= |<XeTTq, s&eT\+ R dsyTq
eT\eTTqT * Z q ~, n+ > w R nej T eeTT\j T +< T , n+ s + R
<$ +#Tq~jTT, q+<<T yT e R q+<eTTe qTq~jTT n>T, |\ R
nqT+<+ R >>T sTqT, eV+ R b+<T#THsT.
$ +<T, <q T\T eyT jT+<T >=| u *j
Z T T+<TsqT #THsT.
, qqT <+qysT m{ |* eTTqT b+~s? @y! n~ nT+&eTT.
y] nqTueeTTqT \T| VeTT yTq \y n u>yqT&q>,
n+<T\ $ Xe TT<s u \ \TZ se+#qeTT, nq+sX e TTq+<T
q+<uweTT\qT e]+#T#TH sjTT #| e#TqT. yTq u *qZ |&T
46
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$| H< ! s+ ej+
yV ]+ yVq|++
H< R kMT!, d sGnqTuy' R s+XyT q |u eeTTqT \, YG
nBquy' R jT+<T m\| &TqT (\>yTq ) nBqyTq ueeTTqT \, $|'
R CqT\T, Y G nqT>VD R jTT |k<eTT sDeTT#, (d+\eTT#)
deT<Ms' R $T* n_e~ #+~q q+<qTueeTTqT *Zqys,
(d + s T < M s+ R n& +| & q X * Z q ~), y V ] + R \
|s D yTq ~, yVq|++ R d\ eTT\qT dy Vq|i#T +<C*
|+#e TTe qTq<>T , R jTT, ej+ R | , s+ R <T#THsT.
u> y qT nqqyTq eTqdT <+#TysT, u> e HjT qTsqT
$wjT$T# |dT+|&T#Tq~. , qqT <qeTT #jTTy] |\\T
\TZ, q+<uweTT\T \TZe+{ <w| \ eTT | , d+ks+<e TTqT+&
ysT $&e&s ? n u>yqT&T |+|>, n+<Te\ $, kMT!
nqT>VeTT# ysT |d++<eTTqT+& <seTT >\TZ#THsT n
|\T#THsjTT #| e#TqT.
kMT ! s+X|ueeTTqT *ZqysT, jT+<T eTT n>yTq
eTqdTqT \ysT, eqH $T* e~ #+~q, n&T q+<qTue eTTqT
\ysT n>T $<+dT\T ( nqT>V eTTe\q s~+|&q yVqX *qZ ~)
|s D yTq ~, ds >T q T yV+|#j
T T +<C* # |+#e TTe
qTq~jTTqT n>T ejTqT <T#THsT- n ueeTT.
18. bv]H+ |k + $b'
|> 'XjTdd+|< yT
dyT~wsH e b<|<
d+\+eTDjT' |De'
b G]H+ R |PseTT d+b~+q, |k + R |d T \ jTT,
$b' R |\ eTT\e+{$, yT R H, | > R qqyTq , 'XjT dd+ |<'
R yd + |<q T *+Z #Tq$, d+\ R ]\ $wjT eTTq, +eTDjT' R
+eTDe+{$ n>T, e RjTT, b<|< R |< eTT\e+{ b<eTT\jT+<*,
|De' R (H) qeTkseTT\T, dyT ~ws H R n_e~H=+<TqT> !
VjTêkD
|PsqeTTq >=| |dT #dqy] ejTqT <T

b<s$+<eTT\+<T |D$T\TjT k<q eTqT#THsT. , +esqT
u j
>w\ qT>] |*q $, +<T || w\ qT >] |\T#THsT ` n
#| q>TqT. nq> - H+sd T |\ eTT e\q u> y qT b<s$+<eTT\
|| #dq ysT k$T nqT>V eTT# d+kseTTqT <{ sT\ >T#THsT.
eq || d\ |\ k<q eT |\T#THsT. , |PsXe TTq \T|&q
ejTqT b>=T bjTeTT +<T \T|&T#Tq~- n #| e#TqT.
b<|<eTT\jT+<* H |DeTeTT\T |PsH]eTTq
|d T \jTT |\ eTT\e+{$, y+H qH ye TqT d+|<q T H
nqT>V +#Tq$, H ]qT d|\ eTT\T #jT T +eTDT\e+{$. n$ e~
b+<TqT> !` n ueeTT.
19. $\T|eTsq*|eD+
dTs +<# &|< *HyT
<+|TsJes'DH+
ujH |k< eTsTT H< ! ujY
H< R kMT!, $\T| R |+|Cj
T &q, eTsq R \ eT+<*,
*|eD+ R ($|yT q esyT q ) es eTeTTqT *qZ $, (qT<T{
sqT deTT esTq$ -n ueeTT), dTs G +< R +<T&T, V
yTT<\>Ty]jTT, #&|< R U+<e TT\#, *H+ R >s$+|&q$,
Y R n+|T R b<eTT\H&, sJe R |< eTT\jTT, s'DH+ R
|s>D eTT\jTT, u jH R >=|<q , |k<' R nqT>V eTT, eTsTT R
HjT+<T, u jY R \T>T>!
|PsXeTTq |DeTeTT\ n_e~ b]+q $ +<T eTT
qeTd]+#T u> e <s$+<|s >eTTjTT nqT>V eTTqT b]+#T#THsT.
, u> y qT&T $ # zsT ! n| e TTqT \T|eTT nq> n+<T\
kMT! lb<sDTe\qT nqT>V+|eTT nqT#THsjTT #|e#TqT.
, u>eqeTqeTTq |+<yTq \*| T&yjTTeT k$T
b]+#T#THsjTT #| e#TqT.
47
VjTêkD
95
96
VjTêkD
(deTjTeTT\), b*H+ R s+ |&q$ n>T, y< s+ R y<y \jTT,

eT+pw+ Ru <|i #T |f> (]D), |reT' R *d=+<TeTT.
|PsXeTTq u>yqT eT+JseTT\ |keq s>, +<T
eT+JseTTqT $ n_e]+#T#THsT.
u \ q n\+seTT\ e+{$jTT, #H ys sT \eTT\
VjTês|eTTq (V+ds|eTTq) s+|&q$ n>T y<eTT\qT <#T
s |{> eTHVseTT> < +#T eTDeT+JseTTqT u$+TqT -n ueeTT.
22. d++j $T |u<XkH
d+<T j
T ++ deTjT|BbH
$Cq\<TeT|\yu+
yUqeTT<eT<T s+ s+
$Cq R $CqeTqT, \<TeT R \ee TTjTT, |\e G u+ R
>TsTjTT +e+{ + *Zq~. (>TsT b*q~), yUq
eTT<eT<T s+ RyUqeTT<# eTHVsyT q ~ n>T, R jTT, s+ , #,
|u R yT< nqT, <XkH R e (<X) jT+<T \, deTjT R d<+eTT
nqT, |BbH R >=| B|eTT\qT, d+<TjT++R |+b+~+#Tq~>,
(y\T>TqT #jT Tq~>) d++j $T R u$+#T#THqT.
|PsXeTTq *|q $<eTT> $ q usDeTT\ XujT+<T
d \ >TqT >eT+q VjTêk$T, zsT ! us D eTT\ XuH ,
H ~y+>eTT\ k>TqT <]+|eTT n deqT nqT>V +|>, u> y qT
~es|eTTqT <]+ d+Tw q $, yUqeTT< n+<yT q u> y qT
<DseTTqT e]+#T +<* $wjTeTT. esTd> eT&T XeTT\
lVjTêk$TjTT se se TT #jT &T#Tq~.
$CqeTqT \eeTTjTT >TsTe q~. yUqeTT<#
eTHVsyT q ~ n>T se TTqT |u nqT ees y\T>T d<+B|eTT
\qT |]\#j
T T<> u$+TqT- n ueeTT.
23. s$T dT]e \+
dys+ H< ! s+ BjTyT
kMT ! V# qT<T{| yjT&q yqT d e TT esTq$, V,

+< T & T y T T< \ > T y] s d T \# <\& T q$ n> T b<s $ +<
s'DeTT\jTT |se qT>V eTT H \_+#TqT> !` n ueeTT.
20. |]dTsq|suqT|Xsy-qTw+>yT
|<< sT+ |]qV-+'
|u<s Je$ud+ <yT
|]dTs Y R n+|+#T, q|s R eTDeT+JseTT\H&, u qT
RdsTjTT, |X R y\T>T#, s R b>=&q, y -qTw+>+ R
N{ d++<eTTqT *Zq~, |u< R CqeTH&, sJeR |<eTTq,
$ud+ <+ R $d+ |#j
T T b'd+< jTTqT n>T, R jTT, |<< sT+
R |<< +<eTTqT, n+' R eTqdT, |]qV R <+TeTT.
nCH+< seTTqT =\+#Tq~, CH<jT eTTqT *+Z #Tq~ n>T
b<< +<eTTqT <+TqT - n +<T $ |\T#THsT. |Ps Xe TTq
$ u> y qT b<< [ su wDeTT> n|+ ]. u> y qT&TqT |se T|
nf nqT>V +|>, |se q+<eTTqT b+~q $, b<< [ XjT eT>T
b<s$+<eTT\qT dT +#T<s y| eT q T \T|=qT#THsjTT
#| e#TqT.
n+qT |+#T dsTe+{ eTDeT+JseTT\# dsT# <seTT
#jT &q N{ -nq> -nCqeTH& N{ *qZ ~, CqeTH& |< eTT\
b'd+< e+{~ n>T |<< +<eTTqT H eTqdTq <+TqT` n ueeTT.
21. +s\+sDH+
jT e +sb *HyT
eT+E|D<+ eTDq|s+
eT+pw+ y< s+ |reT'
eT+E|D<+ R eTHVsyT q < *qZ ~ (#jT Tq~) n>T, R
jTT, eTDq|s+ R eTDeTjTyTq b< eTTqT, Y R jTT, +s
R de\jTT, (u \ jTT), n\+sD R n\+seTTq+<T, H+ R
q$, j G @e R #H, \G n+s R yssT \eTT\
48
97
98
CHeT<+#q\kH+ (\+|{H+)
|T {jT + $Ty-HyT
H< R kMT !, dT]Gne \+ R |+#T |e\qT \, BjT+
R #+~q, deG s+ s+ R <D Vde TTqT, CqGneT R CqeTT
nqT neTeTTjTT, <+#q R | #T jT+<T (<s D eT+<T), \kH+
(\+|{H+) R d \, H+ Ru \ , |T {jT +yT Ge R
syTq |T{jT+eTTqTe (@eTT nqT jT+eTTe), R (H)
eTqdTq, s$T R #jT T<TqT. (\T|=+<Tq ueeTT).
ne\qT <]+jTTq lVjTê u>yqT <DVdeTTqT $
+<T e]+#T#THsT.
kMT ! |+#T |e\qT <] +jTTq <D Vde TTqT CqeTTqT
neTeTTqT | #T $T* d *qZ u \ |j +#T dT\uy T q
|T{jT+eTT e (@eTT nH& sT &T jT+eTTe) H eTqdTq
u$+#T#THqT ` n ueeTT.
24. |u<d+< ssTD|X'
|yd+ | $Ty<V+yT
$uejT <e ! d|d+
yeT+ s+ <D eHyT
<e R kMT!, d| d + R |d e TT L&q~, H+ R u \ ,
<D + R CqeTTqT nqT>V +#T deTsy T q <>T , (<syT q <>T ), R
jTT, yeT+ R m&eT, s+ R #, nsTD' R mi, |X' R +T\
sDeTT#, |u< d+<' R CqeTqT deTT<eTT, |yd+ | + R |>& |
deTVeTTqT, <V+yT e R <] +#T#Tq<e, $uejT R u$+TqT.
+< T | d e TTqT < ] +j T Tq V j T êk$T m& e T # s TT
e]+|&T#Tq~.
kMT! |d e TTqT *qZ ~, u \ qT s+ #T deTsy T q ~ n>T jTT
m&eT #sTT mi +T\qT *j
Z T T+&T#, < Cq deTT<eTTqT+& |
rjT&q |>& | deTVeTTqT <] +jTTqT u$+TqT` n ueeTT.
25.
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
e+d _ $X< sjTU' (|X')

d+|DjT++ $<Tw XsH
(XeTjT) $uejT + qe|+&
Xs<H #+< $Te dTs+yT
$X<' R d#y T q , eTjTU' R sD eTT\#, e+d R Nq T, _
R u~ +, $<Tw' R $<+dT\T nqT, #sH R #s| \qT, d+|DjT++
R ( sD eTT\) q+<|i #Tq{, qe |+& R qqyTq \ eTs,
dTs+ + R |+#Tq{, + R qT, Xs< H R Xs \eTT \ yT|T eT|
>\, #+<yT e R #+<Te, $uejT R u$+TqT. (XeTjTR <]+TqT)
+es qT VjTêu> y qT jTT nejTeXuq T e]+q $.
| k$T ~eeT+>$ >V Xuq T e]+#T#THsT. k+<s esq |eT
eDesqT #jTT#THs seTT. eDeTq> ` deTT<jT Xu.
k+<s eTq> `| ejTe Xu.
q \ +T\ Nq T bs<*, CqT\T nqT #s | \qT
|| i #Tq~, n|& $d+ q eTs|P e |+#Tq~ n>T s|eTTqT,
\ Xs \yT|T eTT| |+#T #+<T> u$+TqT` n ueeTT.
26. ~X+T yT <e ! d< Bj'
<j s+ >qT#s' {'
Xw |+k eTeT+ s+r+
dsd r+ d+eT<q TyT
<eR kMT!, <j s+ > GnqT#s' R <j (|yV) seTT\qT
nqTd]+#Tq$(<jT nqT q~jTT seTT\e+{$), n>T, Bj' R
d++~+q, {' R &> + {# |\T, |+k+ R qT\jT, Xw R
#e\jT+<T, neT+ R dT<q T, s + r+ R d$+#Tq~, d+eT<q T+ R
u\ (keTT\qT |]+#Ty]) n;w|<yTq~ n>T, dsdr+ R
$d+|<q T, d< R m\| &T, yTR H, ~X+T R #TqT>!
lVjTêu> y qT <\T eT >=| $X |k~+| eT
+<T b]+#T#THsT. Xe TTq eTT+<T s +&T X e TT\ $ $uejT
49
99
100
nqT#T lVjTêeT] <+]. n+<T\ u> y qT&T zsT! e H

s|eTTqT <+$ <! qqT Hss ]+ |eTT nq>, n+<T\ kMT!
H n{ dT +#T X y |k~+|eTT n nqT#THsjTT #| e#TqTn eTD|y yK.
kMT! <j qBs+ >eTT\ dV #se TT\T (b*q$) n>T &> + {
#|\T X\ #e\ neTeTTqT *+#Tq~, |]+ q|&T $qy]
n;wd ~ *+Z #Tq~ n>T >=| yX H nqT>V +| e\jTTqT- n
ueeTT.
27. $Xw$ ]w<w H<!
$<>>wdeTs+>Dw
^w yT $]+<H
V>d+ Vdq eTuT |j'
H<R kMT!, $Xw$Y R dsXdeTT\ $XweTT\qT *dq,
y]jTT, >w R du nqT, deTs+>Dw R (y<eTqT) jTT<k qeTT\,
$]+<H R >=| e\qT, ]\qT, ^w' R sTT+|>sT, yT R
HjTT, V Gn>R H\T es nqT, d+Vdq+ R +<|s e TTqT, n_G
|j' R n~w+ Te >!
$ +<T y<deTjTeTT\ |y<T\qT z&+#T u>yqT
k<eTTqT b]+#T#THsT. |PsXeTTq eT >=| eqX
nqT>V +|eT b]+q $ # u> y qT&T zsT! nf eTT!
n{ X nqT>V + nq>H, n+<T\ $ de<qeTTqT Xe TTq
|\T#THsT.
kMT! n~ #\<T. eTVjTT\ V>eTTq e n~ed+,
|+<e TT\qT y]# b&+q $<e TT>, e H V>eTTq \, keTTqT
s+|Cd, $]\qT sTT+|>sT H V> eTqT d+VdqeTTqT
n~sV+, qqT nqT>V +, y] sTT+#TqT #jT TeTT.
eTT $]d+V _sT<eTTqT b+<T VjT^yqT>VyT
sDeTqTqT <*+<T d+].
28.
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
+ +jT H qjT+ ||q '

eTT<Z DH Xe TjTq <e
k$TH! deCw dyT ~wj
T
d#+ <y<Ve<X S s'
k$TH R kMT!, deCw R $<+dT\ du\ , + R qT,
+jT H R <+#T, Y G eTjT+ R s|eTTqT, ||q 'R b+~qy&H,
Xe TjTq R Xs |eT>T, <e R dT (XseTT), + R qT,
<Z DH R dT +#T#T, d#+ < R ds eTTKyTq , y<GnVy R y<jT T<e TTq,
< R +~+|&q, XSs' R |y<T\qT *qZ y&H, dyT ~wj
T R e~
b+<TqT >!
VjTê u> y qT k< eXeTT# |y<T\qT z&+TqqT +<*
kseTT. eT V>eTTq n~w+, |seTsdqeTTqT #jTTqT eTqT
nqT>V +|e\dq~> |PsXe TTq b]+q $ # u> y qT&T, zsT!
e ]qf #jT T<TqT. , eTi e b+<T u yT$T? n |+|>,
n+<T\ <\T kMT! H H\TH dT +#T# HqT dT #dq TqT
n>TqT. HqT =+ q+<eTT \TZqT. eTijTT qqT k<qeTT> >=
|seTsdqeTT L&q deTk|qeTT #jTT < <dT&q>T qqT
e d+q~. d+<s e TTq |< q|\ eTTqT b+<Ty&e y nsTTqqT,
HqT &|]sy T nsTTqqT, seTeD eH jT ' nqTqT, nVeTq
eT<+ eT~ nqTqTqT n|< qyTq |* eTT HqT \TZqT- n |\T#THs
eTD|yyK \T|&q~.
kMT! qT s+seTT s\eTT <+#T#T, *eTT>
ks|eTTqT b+~, y>|eTTq qT dT +#T#T, du\ ds Xd cT q
|y<T\qT, XSsT\qT y<jT T<e TTq z&+qy&H, ] b+<<q T` n
ueeTT.
yT jT HyT eDvZ = ysY yT jT nsTXj
TY esY (qqT
+ s~+#y] u> y qT&T q |se Tke nqT>V k&T ) nH s
d dsDjT+.
50
101
102
HH$<H eT>' H+
q #| rsw es'
<Te+ yH<|]>Vj'
qe+ qe+ b eTV+ <j j'
HH$<H+ R nH$ <e TTq , H+ R $<\, n>' R kqeTT
y&qT (Hs y&qT), rsw R |Drse TT\jT+<T, (>TsTe\ d~),
Gnes' q R kqe&y&qT <T (d$+qy&qT <T), (eq,
nV+ RHqT) nH<| ] >V j' R nH<T \qT |]>V +#T q{ (s+ #Tq{) ,
e R jTT, <j j' R sT D, qe+ qe+ R $T* qqyTq , b+
R $wjT eTTqT nsTT, <T e+R eTT.
+ei lVjTêk$Te\q d ;we TT\qT b]+q $, +<T
k$T sTsTD eT| |d]+#T eTjTT nqq>eTTqT
nqTd+~+#T#THsT. T nqTd+~+#T ||q T ds|eTT. q <s c-d
q #yB q ueH #sDs$+< n ljeTTqT\T, < $<eTT>
LsX\T, usT yTT<\>T |Ps#sT\+<iT ds||XeT>T +#q,
nqq> eTTqT |{ + ]. <\TqT |< +<T nqTd]+]. ,
u>yqT&T $ #, zsT! e |*qf njTT #jTT<TeTT,
|jT eTT =+#yT q qT e\jTTqT <! n |\> n+<T\ $ +<T
de<qeTTqT |\T#THsjTT #| q>TqT. , sD Bq T eV+q k$T
q+f sD j
T T&T yi=&T & |\T#THsjTT #| e#TqT. < ueeTTqT
<\T <eHjT|+ #XY keTTq + HeT b eT|s+ eTqT bj'
nqT# T | { + # T # > T ] + | < q~. HH$< Hy T ~>
s j>sV+, q #| ~> Cqj>sV+, <s u j
>sV+
d+.
VjTêkMT! HqT @$<qT nu d+#< T . @ |D rse TTq kq
e&< T . , nH<T \qT s+ # <jT $qyTq byT H qT, ~
+` n ueeTT.
30.
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
n+|jq|u<'
n\+wsH V<jT + eTBjTyT
X+\+|>y
deT+ e |k<Y
n| u < ' R | \ T n| H j T eTT\# L & , n + | j R
n$#\eTTq $, X+\+ Gn|>e TG R d+XjT eTH& <weTT\qT
=\+#T# $T* |+#Tq$, deT+ R jT<se TTq $ n>T, R
<BXseTT\qT jTeTT\T, eTBjT+ R HjTT, V<jT+ R
V<jT eTTqT, e R jTT, |k<Y R nqT>V eTTe\q, n\+wsH R
n\+]+#TqT > !
nqqXsD T&e>T nqT>V eTTe\q deTd eTT\T H eTqdTq
dTeTT> |+#T#Tq$- n nqT#THsT.
m{ s eTT\# nsTTqqT #*+| k< eTT $, d+XjT $|s j~
<weTT\T njTT be# $T* dwe TT> |+#Tq$ n>T eTT\T
nqT>V $Xwe TTe\q H eTqdTqT n\+]+#TqT>!` n ueeTT.
nqT jT eT , eTV<V +s~ sTe~ H\TZ
eTT\ #| e#TqT. Xe TTq se TT\T s eTT \# #*+|
M\T qT, m{ d+XjT$|sj~ <weTT\T +&TqT +&eqqT
$wjT eTT \T|&q~.
eTjTsi eT~q\yT n qesT b+~q $X<C H <\T
+<T b]+#T#THsT.
31. yUeTT<+ sd s d C ' |d + X+K#
_u~H d{sTs |+& wD'
neql seT$X< s+X_ bejT H+
$sj <q|T eTVe eqd y>BX '
sdsdC' R |<eTT\e+{ H\TZ VdeTT\#, yUeTT<+ R
|<X e TT<qT, |d + R |d e TTqT, X+K# R X+KeTTqT, #eTTqT, _u RY
<]+#T#T, _qd{ R #~+|&q (_qyTq) d{eTDe, sTs R
29.
51
VjTêkD
103
104
eTHVsyT q , \ , |+& R \ eTsjT +<T, wD' R dqT&, neq

l' R y& + (qqyTq +) *Zq (\<$ L&T=q),
nq|T eTVe R <weTT >=|qeTTqT *qZ , yG nBX' R y\
|uTe>T VjTêeT], neT$X<' R neTeTTe \, n+X_' R
+T\, e+ R qqT, bejTH R &|#T, eqd R (H) eTqdTq,
$sj Y R |+#TqT >!
XeTTq $ lVjTêeT]jTT nk<sDds|eTTqT
<+#T#THsT.
|<eTT\e+{ H\TZ #T\jT+<T yUqeTT<qT, |deTTqT,
X+K#eTT\qT <*q, d{ b+u >eTTe n+<yT q , \ |+&eTTq
dqTj
T Tq, eH >Z Xuq T *qZ , <weTT eTVeTqT \ y>BX sT&T
(lVjTêk$T) q \ , se~e TTq +T\ d+kseTTq |eTTqT
b+~q qqT d<BsT#T H eTqdTq | e T>T > ! ` n ueeTT.
| X+ ` VjTê eTV+ e+< d{ #\ duy T , #+<eT+&\
eT<d+ dsd deTyT, yU+ # |d+ X+K+ #+ # <<+ s',
yT|T>+;sj y# yU+ T >eH, ... bejT++ >s+
d<VAeT+X_' nH $w \e#H\qT nqTd]dTq ~. B<s
dT b+#s>eT+ VjTêk$T #+~q sV k\T b +&
$wjT + d+|&+~. $es\T #s|<X > e \T.
32. y>sd~V' |s VjTêd+dT+ u
$] d]D y+H<q $s yTyT
$] d]D R $] d] n _sT<TqT \, y+ H<q R
y+H< $ #, $s+ R s+|&q, @+ R , VjTê d+dT + R
VjTêkeTTqT, y G nsd ~ V' R Xuse TT\ d~ b+<T (yd~ ,
Xsd~ b+<T), u R u, |s R |]+|&T.
keTT es $ q HeTeTTqT LsT keTTjTT
$XdjTqT \T|qT. eTijT T, |j q eTqT~X q eT+<-| |es
nqT HjTeTT #=|q eT keTTqT #~$qy] \TZ |*eTTqT
VjTêkD
\T|e\jTTqT. s +&T n+XeTT\qT <\T e] Xe TTq *jTCjT T

#THsT.
VjTêu> y qT keTTqT $<e TT> |P]#d q $, m+j
XeT|& eTT b+~q |\ eTTqT $T*qysT m{ XeT +& b+<eqqT
W<seTT, u \ q+<iTqT |\, keTTqT |]+ q eeTTqH eTT
b+~qysTqT |\eTTqT b+<<s |<+#T#THs yi= yU
$e]+#qT.
z u s ! $] d] nqT |sTqT \ y+H< $ # # >
s+|&q VjTêkeTTqT uX<\ |]+|&T. MT y>sd~
\T>>\ <T - n ueeTT.
$]d]D y+H<q $syT nqT# keTTjTT
$XdjT, y>sd ~ V' nqT# k|s q |j qeTTqT d+|&q$.
$ eTqT |<e T |sTw s +#T=qT $jTT $qjTeTTqT \T|#Tq~.
y>sd ~ VTyT nqT bs+se TTqT d+dT $XwD eTT> nqsTT+| q>TqT.
# y>se TT\q> \HsjTDT - n $ n_bjTeTT. $w| sDeTTq
l|sXsu>yqT\T yc >H $c' lsqbsTT,... <yjT+
~Ce T, ns $w ]jT+ yD s c qj V]' nqT#T >H n>T
\<$ m\| &T u> y qT y+qT+&T q, $we e yTjTT ds > n,
$we nse TT >, yT y n, n&T qjTeTT, yT n *|].
$<eTT> y>seTT\ |s|eTT\>T \HsjTDT\T XeTTq
|dT +|&]. eq dT \VjTê eTT |b~eT |<\
n_bjTeTT. y>sd ~ V' nqTq|&T yd~ , nsd ~ ` nqT nse TTqT
#| , VjTê |u e+ # d~+ # CHX s\T s +&T B <s d+|&jT
#| e#T. ~L& VjTêeT+ $esDyT .
52
VjTêkD
105
106
X<wD >+<+ VjTêdT X\T
VjTêkD
jT @c eVs <qTeT<H ye<q'

d yT <e' leH $<j
T T d+yV eT\yT (14e y<+)
u>e<q y<\T @ u>yqT es, s nqT>TDyTq
es, s *qZ y, k$TjTT n|]#< yTq yu y |eD\T
neTqy, @ u> y qT&T ndTsT\qT e~+, y<\qT ] <] + rd=
e#&, \VjTêk$T H nCH n+{ |{|+#\T #j *.
4. nu<<<|u$TesZw~+
Xs+ jTd<+ >< \ eT+s eTsTTT'
d yT s s' $ue\T+seT<H'
|d< d<H >eTXd e VjTeTTK' (15e y<+)
@ u>yqT&T \qT n{ q Xs+> \y&, y|\
+ jT$TdTH &, nTe+{, e+<\=\~> >\ XT\# |b~+|&
y&q VjTêk$T, q yu y V]+# (<H ) y] eT~+# y<\
H k]+ nqT>V +#*.
5. nCqd+eTd eXjT DqTUH+
d+$Y|r|eTVk dV k sT+<H
$<djT+es| ' e|V +$<+
dsqTu ' d u> y H |sTcy q' (18e y<+)
CqeTH B|+ jTT |X+, nqqT XsTT+#& <T q
y] nCqeTH N{ y>+ > b>=fy &T, $< nH |sTqT \ \<$#
djT+> e]+|&q |, deTd >T eT\sDyTq y&T, |sTce TT&q
u> y qT&T eTq n$<qT q+|Cj
*. $<djT+|s| ' nH |j >+
<s VjT^yesd+ <s + \<$ $< nH HeT+ \ sb <] +
k$T e]++<H ksd + d+.
6. nqq#k + |+k eTCq eTe< q
skCq>+<jT + ds $< qeT' (19e y<+)
qqT nqqu s~+#y] nCH b>=fy &T, VjT |u T&T,
CH~deTd D>TD|PsT& q VjTêk$T qeTks+
7. $~ eTqTe<+ $X yT< <eY
$<< >e+' e\+ jTqjTyT
(ly<+ <\T s+q X< wD` nH y<>+<+ n& &

eT w< e yTq VjTê ]d |*q X\T $.)
1. VjTêdT<d+<T VsVcsysjT'
jT+ y<y +| u V<wj
T ' (9e y<+)
y<\H deTT<rs++ (, y<de TjT+ es) uV <w\ qT
##< i T #d VjTêk$T nH neTde TT<+ q+<+ #d Vcsy\T
(d* +| Xu\T) nH s{\T e]\TT HsTT.
VjTê&T neTde TT<+. neT$X<' n+X_' n VjTê
+T\T neT dsbq|&T, n&= deTT<yT <. deTT<+
q+~+q|&T n+<T mq s{\T md|& sTT. VjTê&q neT
deTT<+qT+& L& Vcsy\H s{\T md|& sTT. deTT<+ s{\
&e\ rs+ +& edTe\T ##<iT> nesTT. VjTe<qT
Vcsy\T keqyTq $ e. y<sd sb\T. y{ & y<$ sT<\qT
|* ` uV<w d<+\qT |* ` |y<T\T ## y\T>=+<TTHsTT.
uVQ\+f y<\qT |eD+> n+^]+#ysT. <w\+f `
y< beD n+^]+H, y{ nbs\qT *|ysT.
2. d+|Cd eT~> ] de<
X+e<+ d$ TVQq+<d+ <V eT+'
jTY Y V dTs jT$TH+ |Psc &TDZ s|+
k yT + V~ VjTeTTF <e d+$< yT (11e y<+)
d+|C de~d b+~q ]\de~ d bd q eTqdT
|* se<yTq ~, d$ TyT q ~, |]|PsC qds|yT q ~ nsTTq @ |se
ds|+ k]dTq <, nTe+{, CqX X s MsdT\H iT |< q
>TD\ |PsT& q VjTêk$T H V<jT + + \ +&*.
3. jT<H y< jT<qT>TDes Ew'
|eD+ jT jT eT|]#<$uy
53
VjTêkD
107
108
n$~VQu e eT+]< +
VjT|se <H-k d~ d~ s' (29e y<+)
>T n+ u>e<eTH eTT >V+q $wj y<+\T
jT<<+ > nqTe~dTq $. nTe+{ ><|&T, |P]> me] *jT
>=|<q , |\T $<q eTVeTqT \y&q VjTêk$T eTq eTqdT\
>=| ~ e+{ q k< nqT>V +#*.
8. VjTeTTKeTTU' <| ss $]'
|~X jTd< + |< + d eTed< yT
qq|<M jjXe|V s+ ~jT +
qjTT d yT <e' leH <q +jTks~' (34e y<+)
s e\ +& e\+ |e\H $s$ +q VjT^yes+ yTT<q
j nes\ <s d+ks+e\ ] b+~q eTVjTT\ jT<sy T q
V |< +#y&q <e&T, \|, $jTks~ H e{e{
+#&+ e\ *> XeTqT rs CH ( CH) *+Z #*. (eT |qsq
nqT>V +#*.)
9. qeT d< $u H eH eT+sH
VD VjTejT +<y Vy (36e y<+)
<T\ T, eTT\ T, T\H eT&T $<q Je\ n+s nsTTqy&T,
+<y \ VTyq y&T, |s V nsTTq VjTêq qeTks+.
10. CHq+<>T D|+ CHq+<eTjT+ eTV'
bj <bjY ue ue +<$ <jTY (38e y<+)
CHq+<\qT ds|+> \y&T, y{ >TD\T> \y&T, '
ds|&q VjTê&T d+ks+< *Z+# nbjT+qT+& $TeTT\qT
s+#T>!
11. d @ <Ts+ |T >TDej>['
$' C' $Vs dsCdV#s'
>YdsZeT|D|]DeTVe
<j ' <y-k Ts>e <q ksj
T T q' (42e y<+)
VjTêkD
<& k< + ~, >TDyT q ~ nsTTq | nH bX\

&qysT, $yT q ` $$<y T q ds| duy\qT *qZ ` Je\
<e&q \| &dTH&, >TjTT dwdd+Vs\Hy#
n\+]+|& ` X_` eTVeTqT \y&T, sT Deq VjTêk$T
eTq\qT <] +#*.
12. nqHH+ |+k+ se~u d EcyT
n$<< +k jT#sDe]ek|]D'
< + +$Y dTKeTe~< >T D+
VXce<+ VjTe<q MT&eTV eTV' (43e y<+)
u>e<eTqdT, se~yTq |seTu *Zqy]jTT nCq+ @
VjTê dy|]De\ qdTq<, nTe+{, ne~ n~rjTyTq
Cqds|&T, @ VjT>TD y&T, Cds|&q VjTê
]dTHeTT.
13. $< <<+s$T+ b| wH
\>eTw' yT |<X '
ue T eTeT\~j + j ysjT u
ue T XsD yD < XXr q' (49e y<+)
eT&T $<q <T\ n+s$T> y+#d qy&, d\ y<\#
\T|& $c< |<X \ s\yTq T~ *qZ u \ *> ue T\qT
b>=f VjTê b<\ nqqu | P syT q XXyT q XsD > eTq+
#j *.
14. VXw X se~e TVq+<< H
ejT+ u jd ds eTq|T es q~ '
nH| < +< VjTeTTK|<< +<sT#jT '
d<++ yT-q+' X\~eTTw+ <j
T ~jT ' (50e y<+)
@ <T'K+ , se~yTq eTVq+<eTH <H *Zqys+ eTq+
y* ` nH ds y T q , b|sV yT q es+Z n~s \ysT, dTK<T'U\T,
eT<\T, sdj\e+{ <+<\ dsqT ysT, VjTê
l#sD \ u \ysT, y<\H deTT< e&d |{q T~ \ysq
eTVT\T H sT+#* ` y] $wjT + u \y&qT y*.
54
VjTêkD
109
110
VjTêkD
eTqe+{y] @$T >? n+f, eT+\ ns $e]d |<\T

nqT>V+q k\qT nqTd+~+ +q |\qT b+<e#T. M{
nqTd+<q+ eTeT+> eTq |$q T *+Z , u> e <qT>V bT\qT
#dT + ~. $wj <w |T= Ls X\ wq LsHsjTDJjTsY
ldT<s q eT+s dT<s qX + > nqT>V +#sT. l<\T |\T eT+\
ns\qT |\T k\ s|+> nqT>V +#sT. VjTêeT+s+ VjTê
k+>, >b\eT++ >b\$+X> sb+<sTT. LsHsjTDJjTsY
l<\Te+{ |Ps#sT\T #|q e nqTd]d nq+s\+
|\TesT eTVqTue\T |\T eT+\ ns\qT $<+ > k\ s|+
y\sTT+#sT. nTe+{ nsNq |+&T sT , eTV$<H, s rs+ , d ]
s+>#sk$TysT. MsT, 19e X_ y*q |eTTK #T 'Xg|+&T \
sT. sXg+ k{ b+& \ysT, MsT. |q |s=q
VjT^yqTwu eT++ = ns X+ yTT<{ ns + > L],
33 X \qT > \ l\ V j T êk$T y u y > ] k
l\VjTe<q eT+e*dT nH |sT s+#sT. es +&
X+ |\ X s|yT q ~. dT |]+ q+<Te\ *> |j H n~
\TTq~.
l VjT^yqTwu eT++ ns \qT esTd> s+u+ *qZ
X\ L&q k+ e*jT. yv* s|yTq~. ~,
l\VjTêk$T | V<jTdeT <]+# e* ` nH ue+
d+|& B l\VjTe<q eT+e*dT nH |sT
|&+~.
dT , |b<+qT 22 ns \qT *qZ d>s nH e+
Ls~+~. d n+f ` |Pe*. <s n+f <] +#~. n+<Te\ d>s
n+f ` e*qT <] +q~ ` n ns+ . l VjTê $wjT + yv*
s|yTq dT d>s nH e+ s+|&&+ # +. B
nqTd+~+# u \ T l\VjTe<q k$T nqT>V b+ >\sq&+
@ d+<V + <T .+<T X\T <\ VjTêk+ |\T X\qT
d]+|CksTT.
eTV$<H, srs+, ld] s+>#sk$T |DyTq
l\VjTe<qeT+e*dT
l\ V j T êk$T $w j T + eT+\T nH + HsTT.
TT>EkeTsbjT y<VsDs D, |DyBZ<e |w eTVXsd qeT'
nH 32 ns\T *Zq nqTwu Xs|+ eT++ VjT^y|wY
|d< y T q ~. eT+ eTT+<T |Dy #] nqTd+~+#*. n|&T yTT+
eTT| eT&T ns \qT eT++ *qZ ~ neT+~. ns \T esTd>`
1) zyT, 2) TT, 3) jT, 4) Edt, 5) k, 6) eT, 7) s, 8) b, 9) jT, 10)
y, 11) <, 12) V,13) s, 14) D, 15) s,Y 16) eT, 17) D, 18) |, 19) D,
20) y<, 21) ^, 22) <, 23) e, 24) |, 25) w, 26) eT, 27) VX, 28) e,
29) , 30) s, 31) d, 32) q, 33) eT'` nH eT+ +{sTT.
TT><, jTEs<, keTy<\H eT&T y<\qT qs|+> \y&T,
y<\qT <]+ V ] qy&T, |DeeT #|& (keT
nejTy\ fq ) BZ<y T eTu$ +qy&T, >=| nXsdT qT \y&q
VjTêq qeTks+ ` n eT++jTT ue+.
eT+\T keq+> # e d+K ns \qT *Z +{sTT
w&], nc], <<X] ` nH e ns\qT *Zq s|+
| + > +& eT+\qT # jTe\ |+#*. $~+|&q jTe\qT
nqTd]+ |+#b +q | \T \_+#e.
, $<+ > ]q jTe\qT nqTd]+ |+# y] > @$T?
` n n+f, me> ns \qT *qZ eT+\T nsTT y{ |+#&+
me jTe\qT b{+#qi<H eT+ q~. n+<Te\, n\X \ysT
me ns \qT \ eT+\qT nqTd+~+#&+ (|+#&+ ) eT+~. $<+ >
me d+K ns \qT \ eT+\qT eeT+\T ` n |sT. |q
|k$+q TT>EkeTsbjT ~ eT+\e+{y eeT+\T.
nsTT, eeT+\T L&, = djTe\qT b{+q|&
| ksTT. nTe+{ n\jTe\qT L& nqTw+ # n\X y T q
55
VjTêkD
111
112
1.
z $Tq eT+]jT$Ts D ' <jT+ <jTrV+

z$Te djT+ jT' |]V$V+ d~ e<TeT'
e yVd d dT eT$Ty |dT y qq< `
<s<d>s_' $eT~$$<e<<s_ s<
+~j\qT jT++, zyT nH >=| eT++ VjTe<q
u> y qT |<\ T <q+ #ksT . ysT #dq <H |T &, y] VjTeTTKT&q
u> y qT&T y] +\qT n{ r] y] sd~ *kZ &T . zyT
n n+ u> y qT&T qT d+\+ #k&T . (zyT nH~ n+^s *|
|<+ . $<+ >H >\<T` nH ns ~ \TT+~.) nTe+{ VjTê,
# n\yTq yX \ HqT k$T yu y *| eT+\
eT++ >\ ns \qT ={ eqTks+> = X+ s+u+
*qZ d>s nH e+ L]q X\ dT +#\ X|& T THqT.
X\T n VjTê k$T yu y ]+ #$. n+<Te\ X< c\T, ns< c\T,
e > <c\T, #| eT+ <c\T ` n $<+ > |\T T\
<c\T m+ \yTq $ nsTTH, y{ b>=>\ &T.
X+ s+u+ VjTê eT++ zyT nH yTT<{ ns +
Ls&+~.
2.
TT' XXd eH eTVeTEw jTEww C|T TweD'
ke wOj
T eH eTTqV<j uw sseq'
Vs<s u|u sT_' +# yudeq'
XjT ' dj
$< + eTeT VjTe<H_Kj-UjTeq'
VjTe<qT&H HeT+ |d~ C+~q k$T mTe+{y&T? n+f,
n&T TT>< eT+\ |\T # >=|<q b>& &y&T. >=|<q
jTEs<+ e{e{ $T*> |T w+|&y&T. keTy<+ # yT+&T>
dT+|&y&T. eTTqT\ V<jT|<\ >=|> |+#
<+|&y&T, eT+#T |s +jTT +T\ d]+# +T\ >=|>
|+#y&T. nTe+{ VjTê&T ds + > \ +& XjT dTqT (eTT ,
, CH, u s | d+|<q T) H nqT>V +#*.
VjTêkD
l<\ VjTêdT deVskeyT nH X+

|Pss+ >\ ue+ | + uejT+. X+ VjTêeT++
TT nH s +&e ns + s+ue TeTq~.
3.
jT###u<|ds $TV d q X+<e|b `
##||+ #d >jT' eT] T+> dTs + >'
u+>yd+><s|deTsXs<T<sdT<+X `
Cd#jT$<$ds$sDd\\ e'
>=| <e yTq VjTê&T, sdT qyT q nXsb \y&T.
n&T \ + \y&T. k$T # <sT&T. n&T <s+> <
nqT>Vk&T? n n+f, CHH. n&T # W<s+ # Cq+
mTe+{~? n+f, @=i , Xs \+ |q$TH{ |Ps# + <T sD \
@ n&T q|&T n$ n+{ y|ksTT <! H ds y|+#|&T
n$ neT e]ksTT. $<+ > neT e]+# #+< sD \e \qT
J$+|Cd #\ d, VjTê k$T nqT>V+# Cq+ (neT
eTjT+>, \qT J$+|Cd~>) n+ y|dT+~. k$T q
d+\+H T, nT\ s|+ >=|<q >T j
T T d , >,
jTeTH sV+#>\ y&T. nTe+{ <sT&q VjTê&T eTq #
d#y T q , dwy T q Cq$d nqT>V +#*.
l yes<< \H #sT\T, l<\ |se #sTq q&<sY
ne s+q nu+ >Ts <qd\ \ MTjTw, T+>jT eTVd d
Ts+>jT eTTU qeT' nH Xs+ | Xs nqT>TD+> uejT+.
d\\' ` n+f ` n~+ > # <sT& ns+ . e\e T+f ` \ `
n ns+ . VjTê&T \ s+>TqT \y&T <! eT&e X+ VjTê
eT++ jT nH eT&e ns + s+_+|&&+ >eTHs+.
4.
Ec <y #j -y>eTdeTT<jT<Vd+s+u>sY`
<jsDyV~w<T~seqs\d
e yVd VcV\V\q<-u|Ps-|e
u+sk-ers <Ts eTeTT ew j $d-d
56
VjTêkD
113
114
n\H ijTTyTqT n\sY yT eTvZ (D + L& $& +&q T

n ed T yd+ #d |<er<$) nH \ u> y qT ed T
d< eddT + ~. nsTT VjTêeT] & < yT y+#d q~. m+<Te\
$<+ > esT @s&+~? nH $wj dT s VTeqT d T H sT,
X+ .
y<\ |< *Z+, <V+ #j\H =+<s eT<TuT\
s|+ ndTsT\H n&$<Tq\T >sq \qT #XsT. y{ s+ #j \H
y>+ lVjTêk$T >{> nXC|jT Ty T q d* +|qT (VcXu)
#X&T. d* +| V\V\V\ eT $dT+ ~. Vcs|yT q V\V\
Xu lVjTê&T #jT >H, n~ eTT+<q& m& $q qqyTq >=|
< > sb+~+~. Xu $, k$T e' d\ + \<$ uj
T + *+Z ~.
y+H e' d\ +qT+& +< ~ y>+ > k$T *+>q+ #d =+~. Xs
b+~+~. $<+ > q & #]q \<$L&q VjTê k$T eTq\qT
b&*.
|DeqVyTq VjTê nqTwu eT++ E nH H\Ze
ns + H\Ze ns + s+ue TeTq~.
VjTêkD
jTEs<+ nH~ j> #j *. ` nH jTe\ L&q

e *| u>\ L& +T+~. nTe+{ jTEs< @ =TbT,
eTiT| +& n< jTq+ #j \+f lVjTê nqT>V + b M\T
<T. n+<Te\ n& jTEs< s y T q #<+&+e+{y&T. n<s Dy<\
u>yT sb+~qTqy&T L& VjTê&. y<\ ns\qT jT<<+ >
*j\+f ysD +, sT+ , #+ <dT , Xg+, o, \+, Cw+ ` nH
y<+>\qT *j*. e\+ y{ *d #\<T. qyT q |s Us
mqT> y{ n~sV+ n~>$ T+# $<qT nu d+#*. lVjTê
nqT>V + +f, w&+ >\H q Ks\qT n~sV+ q+~+#e#T.
n+<Te\ VjTê& iT n+>\ # qyT q X+>+ (Ks+) >
|<\ T u$ksT .
Te+{ H\TZ y<\, iT n+>\ s|&q l VjTê&T H
eTqdT y+#d +&, & qT+& m& yqT nH ds
yd+ #j *. u$+q y+H eTqdTqT ]+# X\qT s+# X
H nqT>V +#*.
l <\T lVjTê k+ nqT>V +q ~X+T yT <e!
d< Bj' <j s+ >qT#s' {', Xw |+k eTeT+ s + r+
dsd r+ d+eT<q TyT nH X+ jTT ns+ X+ e] b<qT>TD+>
nqTd+<jT+. n< $<+> dT deVs ke+ ||< eT#+
<eT jTEcyT ~Xs | X+ |Pss nqT>TD+>
ue+.
6.
eT< _++ dT<+X' <TeTDeTDue TDXD ussY `
Vs ks sT<s s|VddT<k>s]|Ps'
ye+yd T\*j -|+' |+C
X+++ # |++ sjT T sT D|+\' <s
neTde TT<+ qT, n+<T b+> |yV+ qT u$d,
|yV+ m+ \> , V<+> +T+~! #+<eT+&\+ eT< dsT
k{ e#T y*> eTDT\ deTV+jTT +T\ |+# eTT\
5.
ks' ke eTT<s' dsd s TT# eT~ eT+]< s

u <ew+ uj
T w' $~~ jTEc+ u> e<s DHyT
n+>H+ T+>X +>+ \>T eTeT Ts+>e +>-+s+>
d< V< |<q| |]\H $X$<w<
+ |\T \ THsTT. \ qT n{ mesT eTq nqT>
VksT ? lVjTêk$TjT<! n+<Te\ n deTd \ qT nqT>V +#
|D+> (n+>&> ) #| e#T. n&T keTy<\ >=| <q ks+ n,
dsd s y T q (u>q ) TT\ e~jT n&T ` n u \ T u$ksT . eTi|
($d ) +& +& jTEs< n< jTq+ #jT &+ dT\u+ <T.
m+<T+f, n+<T |\T# $<yTq X+ e{e{ edT+~.
d+<s + L& eT+ | +& n+<T d\ qT n< jTq+ #j *.
57
VjTêkD
115
116
e\qT <]+ y+#d +& lVjTês|+, neTdeTT<+

|yV L& |]Vd+# +T+~. k$T ed T ed+# |<
nsTTq \<$ k$T m&eT =&| y+#d +&&e TH \ d *qZ <
eTHVs+> q~. nTe+{, k{ nXeTTU \ k$T, eTq| >\
sT De\ qT L& eTqdT \qT (|eTe\ *qZ ]) b+~qye
udk&T . VjTê u> y qT&T eTq d+<V \T, <T'U\T ` nH Ts<
+& #d nqT>V +#*.
X+ s+u+ , VjTê eT++ eT nH ie ns +
Ls&+~.
7.
s& b&dT y#d| |sTweTy|y| b&dT
< +dT dT |V> qT yqH-sH
+ d|V+ jTe >TD>DHs+ud+s+u|T'
kH Y jTq u-|$u T C $d + e d+<'
VjTêkMT! y<\T eqe eTqdT jTT ueq n+<q+
<s+ +&$. n$ # >+;sy T q $. n+T $d *qZ $. nTe+{
y<s | Xk\ L& yu e + |P]> #| &< T . jT<s d $<y T q ~
>, D>TD\qT +, dT +#\H n_yX nBqT&Hq HqT
qT dT +#\ s+_+#qT. ~ q<? ` n =+<iT u$+#e#T.
, ~ q< ` n HqT u$dTH qT. @$<+ >? n+f, deTT<+ jTT
$d +#&+ M\T bsTTH, q u\T&=&T q s+&T #T\qT
q k< yTq +es #, deTT<+ @eHyT q $d *qZ ~ n
nq&+ + dV + | d < + <! n< , HqT D>TDesq qT
#jT &+ L& q<.
|DedV yT q lVjTê eT++ s nH @&e ns +
X+ yTT<{ ns + > Ls&+~.
8.
bbueT+s\\jydCjqksY
jjqT|Ps <$> q>s $ u+j>Y
y< y<eeTs' d* > jTrXqsCdu '
X+X+ + deT~+ $s T d eTeT yyJ $sJ
VjTêkD
q u&q V<>ZsqT+& y<\qT eT<Te, uT&H ndTsT\T

n|V ]+ rd= bsTTq|&T, V y<\qT ] rd= e y\H
y+ nXeTTU |]>V + lVjTêk$T e]&T . nTe+{ &T
eTq n+T deT~ *+Z #*. n (> ) X\ jTT ne~ <{q
d *Z +&T> deT~ +&*. (eTq eTqdT *> > ]\qT
+& #d, s< q u> e e XeT ~>+\T <f deT~>
*+Z #*). b+, u $T, X+ ` $<+ > |\T # \T q\qT
m& + e\ jd+ eT ] += * >s + |& X + qT+& eTq\qT
b& VjTê&T yB nq& y>e # s~+|&y&T. y~ nq&
y>e #, y<q $wj \qT |seT]+#|&T @ &u T CH
\ u> e <eqTE\ qT> e&qy&T. nTe+{ VjTêk$T n+T
deT~ eTq nqT>V +#*.
X+ nw bkqT>TD+> s+|&&+ $Xw+ . |DedV yT q
VjTê eT++ b nH m$T<e es+ X+ yTT< Ls&&+
>eTHs+.
9.
jTdH $Cqyse~> |s +ue D-weTs'
eT' k <D U <X| ] w< _+<Ts\ <
yD k |< d< |jT eT>VD -|uDV yD
bsXs |< H-|>D eTT>D' |\\+ bT k-s
lVjTêk$T $Cq deTT<+. deTT<+ + $_+
q|&T (b+q|&T) <e\T jT<s >V +#sT. >=|Cq+ *qZ y]
|r> e s|yT q <D eT] <V]+|&TTH&T. <D eT]
q\TZsT eTTqT\ ee+ +< CH nqT>V +#&T. <D eT], l
VjTê&H CqdeTT<+ _+<Te e+> <e\ #&T. l
VjTêk$T n+ >=| CqdeTT<+, u>yqT H;|<+ ed+#
#TsTKT us nsTTq dsdr<$ CqdeTT<T&q VjTê eTT+<T
q |yV+ e+{~. lVjTê eTT+<T ydT&T yTT<q eTT deTTV+
q >T+e <e\ +~. Te+{ >=|H *qZ lVjTêk$T
eTq\qT b&*.
58
VjTêkD
118
117
l <\ VjTêk+ <Dse ]Xd eT]' <M

dsCdq <s |r, yk<j -| e|<Xy#' dTs+ ds e XX'
nH Xu y nqTd]d | X+ s+|&+~. |De dV yT q l
VjTê eT++ jT nH =$T<e ns + =$T<e X+ yTT<{
ns + > Ls&+~.
10. y<<s<+ Y |~XT $T<Tq+ Xs Xs~eH+
dyVyu y<<V eTV$T+#q<w eTsyT
oscu+ jTd ~>TDeTD\ueu' {'
T+TC|eT<usssd+<<w'
lVjTêk$T, \<$ ` nH <s <+|T \T eTq eT+>\qT
*Z+#*. ~e$T<Tq+ mTe+{~? n+f ` y<\qT ndTsT\e<qT+&
] rd=e# |jT + n_yX *qZ ~. e&T yTT<q <e\T
<+|T\qT d$+#&+d+ n+T XqT \ys, HqT eTT+<T, HqT
eTT+<T n ] $T+ +=sT b{|& T , eT sdT \ > +T+
edTH sT. M] d+s+u # <s <+|T \T y] |eT {d T H sT.
n+<Te\, \<$jTT {+ , lVjTê {+ ` nH s +&T |sT\qT
*qZ eTDeTjTyTq \ y] sdT \qT n\+]dTq Tq~.
{+# ~e<+|T\ H\T b'\+ dssD\e\ $d+q
eTs|P\ n+< sTT+#&+ @H& \d+ #jT <w *Zq$.
nTe+{ >=|H *qZ ~e<+|T \T eTq dTU *+Z #*.
VjTê eT++ y nH |<e ns+ Xs+u+
Ls&+~.
11. < + \ <T' qT K\T >rC\sD `
s+u d+C$<e|< # <THeT]|b
Y||+#w| # ~$w<+ <bXVHyT
ejH+ <j s jT~ VjTe<H H< + d+$<< Y
dw s nsTTq V \qT n{ dw+ # | \> #jT &+
s+_+#|&T edTe\ |\T |\T |sqT |{, y q sb\qT
VjTêkD
*dTH &T <! $<+ > #jT &+ n dV jT|&$ y<< ! n+,
+<T&T yTT<q <e\T eT eT \qT sV+#&+ Vke\++
@~? y<< ! Te+{ y<\qT n<e TTq ndTsT\T <s T ` eT<T uT \H
|sqT \ysT ` n|V]+#T=bsTTq|&T, u>yqT&T <jT VjTê
sb <*, y<\qT ] rd= e#&T. n&T $<+ > nqT>V +,
+\&? <e\T eT eT s\qT
sV+#>\ s? Te+{~ < VjTê k$T eTVeT!
X + , eT+<-u $ w j T + $]+# y#+ < !
e+u ><j
T ', < |H <jT jT e u j-|<|sTTc >eH q
#Y yT n, $s &+ ee< jT d Vd+ esj
T d jT d yT,
He <e! <XX sD eTdw& sTT e~syT nH X\ uy\qT
nqTd+~dT q ~. l VjTêeT++ < nH |< =+&e es+ X+
yTT<> Ls&+~.
12. Vk\+ujT u jY d eTeT |~ d+ dde d +
qkXc >eu s~ eT| deT+ edT jTd q d'
Xk eTkB d + dT eT| qjTH j qjTH yV eTd+
qd+ jT deVd \jT # eTT< |d + eTd -s
l\VjTê&T #T sTE&T, q H\TZ #T \ ` m&eT y| q
>\ +~ # |d q+<+ |T= +{&T. B |d~ ,
] *+Z # $d yT q Cq+ dT T \qT s+# X eTq nqT>V k&T .
nCH b>=&TTH&T. deTdy<\ deTT< <]+qy&q
VjTêq k{ e#~, $T+q~ nsTTq yi= + @B <T . dT sTw\T
dHs+Z qT+& u+ X b+~q H k$T + #jT qT y*.
X+ yTT<{ ns + > VjTê eT++ V nH |H +<e
ns + Ls&+~. |b< 21 ns \qT \ X+ d nH ns +
|\TesT e+ e&+e\ <e\ ms& Xu\+ s|yT q XdTu> +
>eT+#<q~.
59
VjTêkD
119
120
13.
s + jTy# sT|eTdTwe+de T+H+

deT+ \+ V<jT dsd C -d< s+ T<HyT
<T><qqCs\jTT^\H<qC
+ q+ Vjd+ eTeT \jTT d| + |jT yT
l VjTê&T ndeqyTq s +. k{, yT{ s| k+<s
\ +\e +y] ]+# y<\T nH bNq y\ sdT
\q& |wT \ + *+|& >=| s yT VjTê&T. CqT\T
eT V<jT eT\ + s+s+ s \T|= <dTH sT.
s _qT+& ne]+q es nsTTq \<$jTT os\H eTs|P e\
d+yVq+ #dq +<Te\ s + m\| &T sdT < (< [ < ` sC>TD+,
y >TD+ <) , qq+> uddT q ~. nTe+{ VjTê&H s +
H |jT \qT n{ m<TsT$> #j *.
X+ yTT<{ ns + , VjTê eT++ s nH ns y T
+&+ >eHs+.
14. D+ jT~qe e|T { eTT|\u<eY <seTT'
HsjTDU $Ts$ T<k <sD+ sT e'
jTdH <>s &' >TDeTD\< |w\+ esq + kY
<y ej<y -k <jT T V~ sTC+ d+ <y u+<y q'
jTkd q eT+s $T n n+ y<+ Jy\ u> y qTq
Xwu T\ *jTCd+ ~. ><<$L& sTby nH y +s+ qH&T
iy qeT vZ [ [j<T ( +& d++<+ e @H&
$&BjTs~, M\T ~) n nq~. $<+ >H & l VjTêk$T
Je\+ \T|&TTH&T.
+<Te\H u> y qT&T HsjTDT&H HeT+ s +|&TTH&T.
Je\yTq eTq Hs\ |sT. njTqeT+f ` +& #T ` <seT |sT.
Hs\q& eTq <syT , eTq\qT <] +#y&T ` u> y qT&T. eT+ `
Hs\ njTqyTqy&T ` HsjTDT&T ` nH jT HeT+ n
@s&TT+~. nsTT, HeT+ nH \TTq+<Tq ~ s&H eTyTq |&T
(qskq+ Ds+ e) HsjTD' nH sb b+<TTq~.
VjTêkD
$<y T q \D |jT qT bD eTV] $~+#&T. s +&T |<\T *d

deTd| < y T , deTd| < + jTHeTyT, |<y T n eyT
s +# s&H eTyTq |&T, deTd+q s +&T |<\, yTT<{ |<+ s
nH ns + +f, n|&T s +&T |<\T *d sb+< ded+ q nH
ns + D n (eTsq +>) eiTT+~ ` nH~ d+d ysD jTeT+.
Hs nH |<+ njTq nH |<+ deTd+q|&T, n~ u> y qTq
jTHeT+ neTq~. n<, n eyT s +# s&y #e TeTq~
<! n+<Te\ |Ps+ *q ysD jTeqTks+ qskq+ D s+
s> HsjTq nH |<+ HsjTD nH sb b+<TTq~.
y<+ e& |s< e eT = # \T|&+~. ~ e&H |sTqT
\, eTT s~+# <y \TTq< =+<iT u$+#sT. X+uT nH
|< #|, X+uTy |s<e+ n y<+ \TTq~ n, X+uT X+ #
eTT s~+# <y H \TTq< =+<iT \TdTH sT.
y<+ H HsjTD' |s+ V + HsjTD' |s' , HsjTD
|sC', HsjTD' |s' n n+ dw+ > HsjTDT& |s V,
HsjTDT& |s+, HsjTDT& |s+C, HsjTDT& |se n
|Tw+|&+~.
e& |s +, X+uT y |se , HsjTDT& |se n n+
y<+ *||&T, e&T, HsjTDT&T yi iT +f, y<s\
|sd s $s<+ @s&TT+~ <! n+<Te\, sTesT s ` n #| e\d
+T+~ ` n =+<sT \#sT. nsTT, e&T yiT, HsjTDT&T yiT `
n |\T |eD\e\ dT|&TTq~. n|&T ns$s<+ @$<+>
rsTT+~? n+f, e', X+uT' ~ Xu\T eT+>sT&T, eT+>
*+Z #y&T nH ns+ jT |<, HsjTDTH s dTq $ ` n *d=+f
ns$s< de<q+ @s&TT+~. n+<Te\, HsjTDT& |s<e+ `
n y<+ *jTCdT q ~ ` n $c< d< ++ \T|&+~.
nsTT, Xe \T, HjH e $wjT + m+<T nqsTT+
#|L&<T? Hs\T ` nq& Je\ ` njTq+ ` n+f ` <syT
+&y&T ` nH jT |<+ eq bd>T T+~ ` n e d<+qT>TD+>
60
VjTêkD
121
122
HsjTDT&H HeT+ eq jTHeT+ e#TqT<! n+<Te\

HsjTDT&H jT He \ e& |s< e + ` n m+<T #| L&<T ?
n nHsT.
eT+<, , $<+ > HsjTD He MTsT eq jT
HeT+> #| <*d, bD eTV] #|q \D |j qTks+ HsjTqT&T
nH s|+H |s y<+ s + +&*. nsTT, $<+ > +&,
y<+ HsjTD' n < s ++~. D+ HsjTD' nH |<+
jT HeT+, s&y #+ ` nH eT+ sb+~q |sT ` nH $wj
dw+ #dT q ~ <! , HsjTD' ` nH |<+ $wy #+ ` n +
|d< + > eeV]+|&TTq~. n~ e\+ j>HeT+ eyT nsTT, MTsT
|<+ e s +#e#T. nsTT, n|&T HsjTq' nH sbH y<+
s + +&*. , y<+ HsjTD' n < |*+~. qT |Ps+
*q esyZ T y< n_eTyT q eT+ ` n $c< d< + (lyw e
d<+) |es q #sT\T $e]+#sT. HsjTD HeT+ D+
(Ds+) q+<Tq, y<y T |eD+ < MsXe \T u$+#sT. $<+ >
jTyT , s&j
T +& |<+ j>s &e Tq&TT+~. HsjTD HeT+
$<y T q j>s &+ . u> y qTq HsjTDX+ j>s & eT+ y#y T q <H
$wj |<+ D+ <& ] dTq ~. d+> <w +#T=
|<T H\Ze X+ s+|&+~.
HsjTDT&H HeTyT nq<y\ L& k<sDyTq~ ` n
#b\ |jT +q ysT D+ ` nH ysD jTeT+ eT u< + >
(n&T> ) +&&+ >eT+, |jT $s$T+#sT. HsjTD HeT+
j>+>qT, s&>qT D>TD y]~ nsTTq VjTêH |Ps+>
deTqsTTdT+ ~. nTe+{ VjTêk$T nH <e + \e\uT &T. n&T
eTq +<T e. n&T eTq V<jT + +& X \qT n{ b>={*.
+ eTT+<T $e]+q eT+ |DedVyTq lVjTê
eT++ |<T H\Ze ns y T q D nH es+ X+ s+ue TeTq~.
d+d u w D nH ns + s+ue TjT y<\T +#T $T+#T> e.
n+<Te\ D nH ns + X s+_+# <] @~? n #q ni
VjT^yqT>V+ dTs \_++~. n+<Te\ DeTH
VjTêkD
ysDXgjTe, <<s y<sVd+ d<+r]+|&q $wj

dT s d]+|Cd , lVjTêk$TjT X s+|CX &T. $<+ >
VjTê&T u\ q eTHs< Hsys& eXyTq CH
nqT>V +, b&&T ` nH< | Xy T |\ k.
15. s essqT\<\de es-qsD yT
bsjk+ \f {\$~deTTrsd+sesH
es jeeTTw uT eqe|c yeTbs b
|Ps s-|sk y d eT| sT+ |PsjT~ sV~'
lVjTêk$TjTT s +&T #e\T eTsyT T>\Z e HsTT. |s\qT
(\qT), { eyT uT +#* nH jTe nqTwd |d T #d
eTVT\T, eTT\qT s|+> *qZ $Xs|+ VjTêk$T eT
ud+#|&T, k$TjTT #$ X+>qT, yi= #$ b+>qT,
dT dTH sT. s\T qqT (VjTê) dMT|+#& d+<V +# H es
y|+, H <TwseX+# H \+ e+> *+|&q s\qT n{
#i| yj *. H \s # > +&T #j *.
$\T|e Tsq *|eDyT... u jY, |k< eTsTT H Ls&+~. |<V ie
ns + s nH d+jTTs yTq +<Tq, d+jTTs + d+d u w
@ |<+ s+u <T qT, |<V ie ns bs+u+ sY nH V\T
*| |~Vqe ns+ X+ s+u+ |j+|&&+ >eT+#*.
d+jTTs\T eq d+<s\ < e | L& dT
nqTd]+|&&+ >eTHs+.
16. eT+& eT+&HH+ eTD>D |T D_' |T ]< eTDH+
s+<+ eT+&+>' dssTs |+& wDyT
ejH+ K+& se>> ] e K+&K+&]'
<+&+ bw+&w+ & | T d sk yT+&|+&'
lVjTêk$T |\T us D \T <] +#&T. us D \ deTV\
b<> & y*> s\T nH+ . y{ +T\ eTT+<T V+&+ +& |\TesT
61
VjTêkD
123
124
dsT\ +T\T y\y\bTHsTT. #+<Te #\< q +, +, \< q + `

nH M{ +&q \ eTs |Pe n&T y+#d H&T. k$T eTVeT\qT
eTq+ |wT\ <s *jT>\+. +<T $s<Tq ndTsT\qT n&T
q+|Ck &T . VjTêk$T bw+&T\ deTV q <+&qqT y+H
\qT s+ #*.
X+, lVjTê eT++ eTDY nH e<Vie es+
s+ueTeTq~. eT++ |<Vie ns+ s nH d+jTTs+.
+<T sY nH yTT<{ esy T q V\T |PsX+ s+u+ H Ls&q+<Tq,
$T*q esy T q eTs+ X+ ~ Ls&+~. +, eT++
|~V&e ns + D nH ns + bs+ue TjT |<\T d+d uw
e. n+<Te\ |~V&e ns + DY V es eT nH |<V ie
ns + *| eTDY n |j +|&&+ L& >eT+#< q~. D
nH | ~ V& e n s + $T*q @ nH es + | ~ V& e X +
s+ueTeTq~.
17. @-> e dV eTV$VTqH dq T< j
H;|< $<T' eT| \jTH j qjT>e+ dy T
(H;|< $<jT <TVDeTeTTeT< j qjT>eT|T yT)
ejT eT s s T s e k jTBj
k-k$w+ | w+ |T jTT ~k |T q'
eT<T uT \H ndTsT\qT eT]+ d+V]+qy&T ` lVjTê&T.
n&T dw yTT<q \\qT e nsTTq \<$ q+<+d+
#jT <\#&T. n+<Td+ n&T q H_qT+& |< +|CX &T. <qT+&
#TsTKT dw+#&T. #TsTKTq y<\qT |<+#&T. +,
y<+ eeVs\ n{ eT\yTq $ n+<yT q ns e <. n$
n VjTêk$T sb <. nTe+{ VjTêk$T eTq >=|q
n;c\qT n{ |T {+|Cj
*.
l<\ VjTêk+ jTq\ MT< |u + j
eT\ eejTeTV<TeDyT, q Cq+ $X<d' eTs
eTs e + ` nH d s+ | uejT+. VjTê eT++
VjTêkD
D nH ns + @ nH n#T X+ yTT<\eTq~. < eTT+<Tq

DY nH V\T |PsX+ s+u+ |j +|&q< |Psy T . +es
VjTê nqTw| t X+ |Pss+ >\ ns \ X\T s+ue TjsTT.
s s+ ns \ sujT X\T s+ue TesTT.
18. |D jTH< sD+ eTqTeTjTqT e<jT $wsY `
Ce{q\VQV $c+ ks ek< #sTyT
^sDH ysDHjT$Ts D H ds ebjTe'
\+ jeH' \jTT d eTT<+ -|qs-qH-s
lVjTêk$T eT+eTjTyTq sb \y&T. |\T ~\
m>d C\\T nH \ +&q<, $+_+ m>d| & n eT+\qT
|sd ]+#T= sV+|& j>\qT n& < #sTTdTH &T. (VjTêk$T
nqT>V + +& j>+, VAeT+ yTT<q y mes #jT sT . n+<Te\
j>\qT n& #sTTdTH & ue+) j>\ VAeT+ #jT &q edTe \
u>yTq ks <e\T k~+, q+~+#T n&T #k&T . <e\T
n+<iT n +#T\ (#=\) e+{ysT. (n& y] n+s$T) ysT
#jT<\q y n{ n& ssTT+#&T. n+<Te\H <e\T n&T
#dq jTe\qT nqTd]+, j>\qT #dysT s n_eT\qT nqT>
VdTH sT. $<+ > n+ d$T<]w ~ X
nqTd]+ s+|&+~. us+ jT|kyT nH ^X+ jTT ns+ ,
jTY nH HeT+ L& nqTd+<j
T +. VjTs bUq+`
+es \T|&q eT+, lVjTê eT++ |< $T<e
ns y T q | nH ns + X+ s+ue TeTq~.
eT++ |+<=$T<e ns + D nH ns + . nsTT, d+d
uw es+ bs+ue TjT |<\T e qT ns + DY nH
V\TqT |< $T<e ns y T q | nH ns + *| |DY n |< $T<e
X+ s+u+ |D n |j +|&+~. $T*q n nH n#T
|+<=$T<e X+ s+ue TeTq~. +<Te\ |< $T<e, |+<=$T<e X\
62
VjTêkD
125
126
s+u+ ns \qT *| |DYGnR|D n sb+<TT+~ qT,

eT++ |< $T<e, |+<=$T<e ns \T eqTks+> dT Ls
&qsTTq~. $<+ > eT++ ns \ e u+ >+ +& esTd>
X\ s+u+ ns \qT L]q $#Ts+ nsk <sD+ <!
19. ny<yVs ~jT eTT|qjTH nej-yyJ
uy uy < eTqT j HeTs|< jTd
j-+s +T+ # eT+T+ e<d T eT~XY +TCd j y
+-q>dqdeTT~|qq+~T+<'
lVjTêk$T @ nes<+ CH nqT>V +#y&T. @H&
esT (ejT+ ) y&T. + He\T, sb\T ` nH s +&+{
eT+> ` neT+> d T \THsTT. y n{ @ssqy&T ` VjTê
k$TjT. >T n+<iT j jTe\ T& +&T>, | \qT
#jT +& +&T> q jTe\qT, esZ\qT nqT>V +qy&& .
n+, ++ >=| >T \ qT n{ >V +, &T | |T=
s+ q+~k&T . n+<Te\ u> |<~ > $d] + +& u ud\TT H&T.
nTe+{ lVjTêk$T eTq\qT b&*.
|Ps+ *q eT++ |+<=$T<e ns y T q D s+
DY nH V\T +eTT+<T X+ s+u+H |j+|&q~ qT,
$T*q n nH n#T X+ s+uy T q ~.
20. z<qHK+<*\jTjTTY <#Y
Hydyk <eVeTqk-| kdTC
j<v\ Y d <| qeT+ k< d< +dV +# duyH q >=|<q >TsT>
(\D+>) \y&T ` lVjTêk$T. b+ L&q u+qT+&
H;e T\+ ed+# V<e, d + es >\ n \qT $T*
@> L&q eTqdT y< #H, k$Te <dT\ (u \ ) uj

rs>*qZ y&T +=&T ` @H&H , k] nsTTH, $<+ > #jT >*qZ y&T
` +#&T . nTe+{ VjTêk$T q {\ H eTq' X \qT rs*.
VjTêkD
X+ zY n s+ue TeTq~. zY nH~ eT++ +&

sy ns + . zY nH ns eTT+<Tq ny nH ns + *|
#]+q|&T y< nH syj
T e ns + jTT s|+ q H d~d T + ~.
21. ^ < j
T yV+ \sTTTeTqk jTd VcqTw
|UBZ<u+ e s<ds< <
<y' d+u+u y' ~\ eT\+ y\+ < >s
>+<s yVXw+ deT >rXw yTc-eHyT
eT<T uT \H ndTsT\T yV b+<* ` n lVjTêk$T
Vc< #X&T. < BZ<e Tq& keTyT. < n+>\T nH+ . y
u>+ qT+& X, u $T $T+# >q+ <$ +q|&T <e\T
$u+ b+<sT. ndTsT\T y\+ \& sT . >+<s T \T >s $&#sT.
>T $T*qys+ yV b+<sT. nTe+{ VjTêk$T qqT
b&*.
X+, VjTêeT++ 21e nsyTq ^ nH ns+
s+uyTq~.
22. <+ yT Xd eT] <T eTT|X <~w
n|<sTT Tsq|Td sy#-| +'
d< ' d< + yD qeT<eTsd< jT<|< `
<HY <d< ' *>T sTs'+|H' bT k-s
<y T nH ns + X+ *| <y T nH |<+ @s&TT+~.
<eTH X+ @$<+ >? nH ns dT+ ~. y<\T ]>|&T
|<+ e{e{ |j +|&TT+~. |<+ #$q |&q |&T B $
n~ @$<+ >H, ~ $<+ > nH ns+ jT<yT <yT nH |<\qT
*+, y~+#\ |jT +# $<+dT\T+{sT. |<\T jT< <
nH sb b+<TsTT | jT<+ <yT nH sb b+<e` nH
$wj *jT eTV$<+dT\T u]+# Te> ysD
j T e \ + | T k s T . $< + > ni=i C H * Z q ys T L &
VjTêk$T b<|< \qT <d eTiTD + VdL& q+<+
63
VjTêkD
127
128
\qT }d X|T+#, <e $T* eT<TsyTq ykeTs

b+<>\ sT. VjTêk$T |\TesT <e\T d$ksT . y] sdT k$T
b<\ yd+. (<e\+<iT eT sdT \qT e+ VjTêk$T l#sD \
+q+<Tq, y] sdT VjTêk$T b<\ \jT+ ` n ue+)
nTe+{ VjTêk$T eTq\qT n++ # VsT+
sT+ e+ # ue+ VeT| |sTcs+ # + # yTyT
y+# #Y eqd+ # d{ e TDeTjT<s e< Y
sN_ ss<\ eT| >Y bejT++ VjT+yT
z eTqk! neT+ &d q n+<yT q d\qT |\\H ]
q<? , y< jTT<+ |y<T\T |* y<\ s{\ y> sTT+#
y~+#\H X q<? , eT+> s y T q y\qT s+#\H n_w
q<? , () V|sTcs\qT (u>yqT&T, n b+<
bjT+, n b+~q sT y b+< |\ + ` nH y) *dy* nH
y+# q<? e @$T #d M{ n{ b+<>\ y \Tk? d{ s
eTjTyTq |s sTT+# \ yTjTT +T\ n\\ n{ #T{,
y \> #d XXeTTKT&q VjTêk$T XsD Ty&* dTe!
VjTêeT++ e nH sye T&e ns + sye T&e
X+ s+ue TeTq~.
24. |wH Vs+ dTsD+ eTjT eTjT d H e MTX
b>ydY |eTdTs>Vs jTTsD+ |Vs'
X$sVT' XeDdeTT<jq+s-djTT'
k<k<qHH <T e eT$T eTk y$skXuk
eT<T uT \T nH ndTsT\T y<\qT n|V ]+#sT y{ ] rd=
se&+d+ lVjTêk$T ne]+#&T` nH ys ndTs \+ #$ k+~.
VjTê&T y<\qT ] rd= e <e\qT q+~+|Cj
T >\&?
VjTêkD
n ndTsT\T |]o*+ ##sT. , ysT nCqeX+#, &T eTq\qT

sTT+ y<\qT ] rd=b&T n ss TT+#T= >s b+<sT.
nsTT, VjTêk$T ne]+#>H eT<T uT \qT eT]+ y<\qT ]
rd =e#& T . < e \ T >=| q+< b+<s T . V j T êk$T
XeDed+ XeDq + $s$ +#&T. XeDeTH |< #$ $q&+
` nH ns+ L& q~. $<+ >H X ` nq& y< #e\ $ `
#sT&T #| > w&T < #e\ $ ` n< jTq+ #dT q +<Tq X
([ ` n <$&+) n $<+ > y<+ eeV]+| &TTq~. X
] rd= e# s XeD+ <sTT+q lVjTê&T | yie sT
Hiys >\sT? k$T eTq\qT s+ #&+ dyT $<+ > nXeTTK+
$s$ +#&T ` n nq&+ jTT+ .
VjTêeT++ sy H\Ze, sy nsTT<e ns \T |w nH$.
M{ |wt nH u> dT s Xs+u+ LssT. $T*q @
nH n#T sT y X s+_dT H sT. eT+s \qT eqTks+>
X\ s+u+ Ls&+ dT s #|q keTs + dV <jT V<jT +
>eT+.
25. @Y X-| s<]ess~ s
$<TY$<uk<<sTDsD<|<+ eV+
*+BeT+~s+BessT sTsb+>< s_ ssY
d+#++> <y d |] w+>-yY Ts+>'
VjTêk$T \ es \y&T. |+# s] `
k ` d + sTT+# Xes \y&T. nsTT, k$T & \<$
y+#d q~ <! yT $<T<s+e+{ es *Zq~. yT q #,
nsTD<jT \+ $d+q mi eTsqT <]+ q~. yT qT\T
T |T=q+&H dV +>H q\$. nd D n < yT ]+ |&T
Tq~. e\+ eT+> s + > yT q qT\ T |T=q~. n+<Te\
yT qT\T eTi+ n+<+>, q\> |dTH sTT. yT q\ H\qT+&
y\Te& {\T q\ jTeTTHq~ $d+q q\\Te\ |Pe*e
HsTT. nTe+{ #|\ yT q dMT|+ VjTêk$T
64
VjTêkD
129
130
VjTêkD
VjTêk$T m&eT# y ##&q dyX+ HsTT. nTe+{

s \ + +>s+e y*> |d + q~. >+<+ |\qT
L]q |dT ||# d+ q~. n~ dsT +>sT sD \ d>+e
` n+f ` dsT +>sT s+>T sD \e ` q~. y<\ deTV\H
+jTT +susD+> ` yT& n\+]+#T=H eT+>d+> `
uddT q ~. , dsd rqB|yVyT yvj <$ +|C d |s +qT+&
|{, ds |+> |]D$T++<? ` n + #Tq~. nTe+{
>+<d + H dTU \T>Cj
*.
X+, VjTêeT++ V nH sy@&e ns+
s+ueTeTq~.
28. Xuwu-_j rH ~qTqTc ueTsTT $_+<Y
os+>H sXXH uX eTsud+ bjTH ssDyT
ks+ bjTH $TVs e VeTC<s <TV H
uuXd yyTss$<' #s d H-yY
jTT<+ bs&&+d+ qqT m~]+q ndTsT\qT X+
>T+\ (|\| |<X\) |&yd, y], l VjTêk$T &#
+& ldT<s q+ u> + #dT H &T. ndTsT\ X\T ##, nejTy\T
n +<se+<s >, # y>+> ysT |H b+<TTHsT.
eT+#T|s+qT+& <Z$T+# dsTe VjTêk$T uVQeqT+&
ldT<sq#+ y\Te&TTq~, ndTsT\qT+& sTTq sC <e\
] b+~dTH &T. dT<s qT&T $T*> |dTH &T. lVjTê <D
Vd+ +& nTe+{ ldT<s q#+ eTq\qT b&*.
VjTê eT++ X nH sy m$T<e ns + X+ yTT<{
ns + > Ls&+~.
29. cD+ u eT |#T ss e T' + ebV `
d+#s+ {eTsd $ ds ' Xg;C e|y T
]< CqeTT<sTss <D j-e +
_uY uXe' d VsT s eT+Vk+ d+V+ yT
lVjTêu>yqT s|+ &y| +<#sTT CqeTT<
uddT q ~. Be\ #sTT >=| n+<+> q~. eTT< L&q Vd+
n_wdT q ~. n+, n ~y+>\qT s+s+ &T eTTTq~. Te+{

VjTêk$T eTq\qT b&*.
w |Ps+ *q , VjTê eT++ sy nsTT<e ns +
@ nH es+ X+ s+_+|&+~. wt nH V\s+ |Ps
Xs+u+ H Ls&q $wjT + |Psy T . w nH ns + bs+ue TjT
|<\T d+d uw +#T$T+#T> b e&+e\ Te+{ e $
b{+#s >V +#*.
26. eT+Js+ eT+E\+ VjTeTTK ! eTeT d+JeHjdT +C `
yCHejTy# eTs| s + e+jTY <sY
\>+ <sD dT ~>TDeTTqkeTV<`
kjk~<jT $Te d$< C><s d _+yT
VjTêkMT! eT<T syT q eT+Js\T qqT J$+|# d$ y*.
e d+#]+#|&T eT+Js\T >\>\eT n+ eT<T s+> < ksTT<!
eT+Js\T b<\ n\+]+|&< $<+ > < ksTT! n+<Te\,
+Cq< qT\T (n+<\qT+& |{q < qT\T) keqyTq < qT\T e.
+Cq < qT\qT $+f, n$ +> y< e{&T TqT> +T+~. y<
X ds sV yTe y<'` y<y \ l#sD eTVeTH *jTCdT q $ `
nH ns <qT\T e+ #ksTT. l#sD\qT <q+ #d eTTqT\
deTV\ V<jT |<\T |~q+ s +&+q yX *qZ $> $d+ #\H
X <sTT+# ds_++ s +&T sb\qT |]>V +, l#sD \| y+#d
qT> s +&T eT+Js\T |dTH sTT. nTe+{ eT+Js\T qqT
J$+|#j
*.
|DedV |q VjTêeT++ eT nH sy ie ns +
X+ s+ue Tq~.
27. V]<+ + qT d+ XdT<r+su cs e +
kksd + yvjTqqs' 'd y X+yT
e yVd yeT|d \\d<e T d|Y d +'
BeYd + |$+ eTeT \jTT X+ uqTuH' d>yT
65
131
132
ne \ L& q~. |eTD |Pd\ L]q e\< ne \. (CqeTT<

#|&T y\T, uq y\T *| +{sTT.) < #d VjTê k$T @<
;C $ T> q~. neqT n~ @eT+f ` w\ T~ nH u $T
y|+q nCqeTH eTT b<\qT =\+, u $T |j >|& T
#dT H &T ` VjTê k$T. nH we\T&T. sT y, u $T esH ryT q
q {e TH neT |eV+|Cd , sT y n& XgCqeTH |s T
@|> |sT>TT+~ ` n n& Xg;C\T H&+d+ C>s & ;C\qT
$& + d+ ;e\qT q &# <] + H&T. q s +&T y u $T
;C\qT H& M\T> +& ;e\qT >V +q lVjTêk$T
(Cq) uwe\T&T. nTe+{ lVjTê&T H b|deTV
n|V ]+#*.
X+ , l VjTêeT++ 29e ns y T q nH ns +
bs+u+ Ls&+~.
30. seT+ kY _+ $T+<' ? Xs< T ~sT # s+ss< Y
+ y &+&sK +&+ \X\<' ? + qT y |+&yT ?
y+ VA<eT>V $T $T< sVeH Vjd
Hb' deVd eTeT ue T Xu\+q+ +Ts'
lVjTêk$T m&eTy| }s u>+ >\ # b+#qX+K+
y\TZT q~. VjTêk$T Xs \yT|T +e \ y&T. n # +&
\ X+K+ Xs\+ \ yT|\ deTV\ yqTqT+& <sTT+q
#+<_+e? n \#Tq~. \ b\&* qTiT>TqT b>T#d
$<+> dT+<? nHTq~. dsdr<$, V` nH M]<sT \d
# > &+ #&+ d+ q n+<yT q \ eTsj ~? nH d+<V +
*>Tq~.
$<+> $E\T |\T T\ +#T> lVjTêk$T
# b+#qX+K+ uddTq~. nTe+{ b+#qX+K+ H
VjTê sb <+#&+ eT+> s y T q \+q+> y*.
|DedVyTq VjTêeT++ 30e ns+ s nH~
Xs+u+ Ls&+~.
31.
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
dy Xs~ds <X| ] w< XX < k-l'

nk+ j d|r \d s-k~s& dsyT
CT + + d+~seseTVk u q e
<e#+ < d jT+ d e T| des<j
T +re k-yY
q \ q + yTT<{ q +> y<+ s +|&+~.
eT+ n q + sy ie q +. us D sy @&e q +. nsTT,
|&T + n+{ nqT+& s+_+ q >D q #jT &TTq~.
eT+ us D s +&e q +. eT&e~. (y<> D q|s+) sy ie
kq+ +& n jTT >=|q+ ` n nH l @$<+ > |<e TkH
b+~+~? n+f, n~ VjTê k$T d$++~ qT. k$T, <
| sk <]+#&T. n+<Te\H n&T nXsdTqT \y&j&T.
nX+jTT n+<+ n+ +&q >=| d] (l') n eTTK+ q~ <!
nXsb n&T sdT \y&j&T <! n+<Te\H nl
e&T yTT<q deTd< e \+<+ qeTd]dTq ~. +<Te\H n q +
q>Dq |<eT kq+ b+~+~. $wj $T*q q\T n
>eT+#sTT. nj! eTq { nsTTq n eTq\qT n+ de\qT
#d, eTq+ L& $<+ > >=|H b+<e#T ` n >V +, k$T
eTHs< qTks+ q \T n # q e\> sb+<sTT. $<+ >
n$ s~+# y*> lVjTêk$T eTq\qT s+ #*.
X+ VjTê eT++ d nH eTT| e ns + yTT<{
ns + > Ls&+~.
32. q+T' d+dV <<< | V]+ XX <qqH+
jTk+ eTs e + | jT Vs ' |PsTwk| d yT
Xr+ eTTUs e> eT|$c~rjT<w+
dwsT+ >+ dTjTT q sa{d~w+ $wyT
VjTêk$T kT V]jT <! V] n+f HsjTDT& <!
n&T qqT d$+#y] uj
\qT rsy&T<! $<+ > u \ uj
\qT
rs duy q *Z H, q \qT nXs|+ ( V]) *Z
66
VjTêkD
133
134
H&T. nX L& V] n |sT. n+<Te\ VjTê sdT V]+

` n+f ` nXs| + q~. sdT +~ u>+ L& V]jTT due+
` V]+ ` q~. n+<Te\ sdT V]+, sdT +~ u>+qT
V]+ q~. nsTT, sdT V]+ $<+ >qT, +~ u>+ V]+
+= $<+ >qT q~. <<s VjTê&T ` @yT y~rjTyT nH
Xs $X<+ #dT H &T. n~rjTeT+f ` k{ >=| duy *qZ ~.
f n ns+ | , yi={ @B <T ` n ns+ <T. < +f e
nsTTq~ +={ q<H ns+ >V +#*. |uT e n~rjTT&T n
n+f s+ n&T | + mesT s ns+ <T. n k{ e#ysT
+=sT sH ns+ . $<+ > ns >V +q|& @yT y~rjTyT
n n+ y<+ *| n<+, y<+ *| $T*q edTe\qT n{
s]+#<, | $sT<+ +& +T+~. $XwD +&$ |\T HsTT.
nsTT y{ $XwD \T> *qZ $Xw + e+ f ` n~ k{ < q~
` nH n< yT $c< +. ]Xw HyT q VjT d +, $T*q~
n+ $T< ` n y<+ \TTq< |* ]Xc< yT n< eT >V d,
rs& k< + |\T $s<\T m<TsesTT. y< | > ns+ #d =H
d @s&TT+~. qs+, dsZ+, $we, e&T, y<+, e, HqT ` n
\q ` n y<+ \TTq< eTq+ ns+ #d=+f, $<yTq
\HeTjTyTq y<+jTT ns @$<+> qeT&+? ` n <H
nbeDX+ @s&TT+~.
qqT d$+# y] uj
\qT rsy&q VjTê&T m\| &T q
>=|<q V] (V] ` nH dsb) *qZ y&H , < V]
(VjTsdT qT *qZ sb) sdT + e+ #dT H &T. n<$<+ >
|sTws b L& d +> |{ d T H &T. y<+ # |b~+|& $c<
d<++ eTTK ` neTTKe> L& ` VjTês|+<s +
dw+ #dTH&T. nTe+{ VjTê&T eTq $wyTq eTHs<
nqT>V+#*.
33. eTd-sH $ds ' + ? $Vs eTeT eTHeT+<Tsj eTeT+<+
\+-qT|y d eTeT d $TyT V+~jX <X-|
VjTêkD
+ #q\eds$ ds< T #e#seT] `

d]dsTs|>TDD>DXsDjT |D'
VjTêkMT! |\T e\T m+<T? e H eTqdT nH nXX\
ed+#T. & dV jT+> ` H nqTd]+#>s ` eTqdT <dTq
|~ nX\THsTT. n$ @$? n+f nsTT<T CH+ ~j\T, nsTT<T s +~j\T.
$ H nqTd]+#*. n+, H Vs+> D+ $T*>
yTT*, y|+ q~. < e |> uT +#e#T. D+ @~? n+{y?
|\T|\T q\ |T d+es\ \+> # \+>, |w> |]q
H s . y{ e yTj* ` V]+#*.
X+ VjTêeT++ e] ns y T q eT' es+ Ls&+~.
+{ |DedV yT q eT++ ns \T esTd> j X\ s+u+
Ls |jT eTTd+~. sujT X+ |\ X X+ .
34. d sT eTs$~w deTT+ Hq<d CqH
d s+>H<' de $TeT eTT|< e~eXd <
jTdH j-]' d\ eT| # + V<jTqs eTdH
ddsBs+ $sT |s+ y>BX' deT~yT
~eXs|&q lVjTêq |Pq #jT &+d+ |j +q
yv* | yiT @ edTe <T ` n *d, d ] s+>H<#sk$T
B VjTêk$T qT> deT]+#sT. dT =i\T, >TD\T
+&e#T. y{ y +#+& y{ n{ eTqdT |jT+>H
VjTêk$T >V k&T . n+<Te\ dT |]+ #y] dsZ dT K+L&
<~|+> \# >=| T~ VjTêk$T nqT>V+#*. n+f `
yTq n\dTU\qT +#+&, s+syTq k$T l#sD\
+ s #jT >\>* ` nH T~ k$T y] nqT>V +#*.
67
VjTêkD
135
136
ls+>H< V+d+ |s\ k$TysT (30e |+)

nqT>V+q
VjTêkD
5.
dssdes< ! |Psc&TZD$>V !
j >&|> &H ! eT+>+ Vjqq!
deTds\# s~+|<qy&! |PsyTq c&TZD+ eTu$+q
y&! \ # >&+ > *+>q+ #d &qy&! VjqH! eT+>+
\>*.
6.
n+H<V y>M e#s eTTb!
eT+>+ -dT y^X ! l< ! lq
y>$ & |T= #sT\ (y<+ <\) <] #]qy&!
\ ~jTqy&! d+|<\ \jTyTqy&! VjT^y! eT+>+
\>*.
7.
dsC # $sC # deC Vjqq!
y<s y<us y<Vs dT eT+>yT
>=|> |+#y&e, keTe, y<\ se (eT\yTq y&e),
y<\qT u]+qy&e, y<\qT s+qy&e nsTTq z VjT^y!
eT+>+ \>*.
8.
e ksjT VsjT <j |T q ! Vjqq!
y<y < +y< jT ds < e eT+>y T
<j >TD yT|T e+{y&! VjT^y! e >TD ks u T&e,
n bb\qT V]+#y&e, y<y < +\# *jT&y&yq m\| &T
eT+>+ .
9.
ls+>H<q u q VjTêd eT+>y T
s+ |jT d ujY ds eT+>yT
u & q s+>H<T # (ls+>H< V+ |s \ jT#)
VjTêeT+>+ k$T|d+ s+|&+~. Be\ n++ \>*.
VjTêeT+>yT
ls+>H< V+d+ |s\ k$TysT |s\ eTs
.X.1873 qT+& 1885 es b*+#sT. MsT |sTw d uwyT, dT<s q
y<+ yTT<q |\T>+<\T s+#sT. yTd sT |+&s + d ] s+>#s
k$T ysT M] w.
1.
eT+>+ lVjkjT y<VsDs D
|D yBZe |w VjT^yjT eT+>y T
y<\qT ] rd=eq \VjTêq eT+>+ . |De+ #
]+ |&q yT \ VjTêq eT+>+ .
2.
#T 'ww BX ! $w>| ! Vjqq !
eTVsy +T|s + ! $wy -dT eT+>yT
nsy H\TZ \ kMT! deTd||+#dsb ! VjT^y !
eTVdeTT< |&T > \y&! $w< y ! eT+>+ .
3.
nsT<jT kejT y+ k$TH e
z dHH ! nsT<d s|&e, keTT&e, y<\qT u] +qy&e
d+|<q T nqT>V +#y&e, d+| s|&e, k$T$ nsTTq eT+>+
\>*.
4.
u<leVs& ! |+#s|es !
uueueq ! eT+>+ -dT eTT<
eT+> s y T q le+, Vs\ & yTq y& ! |+#s>e
|e]+|Cd q y& ! u \ jTT ueq\ XjT u T&! eTT #y&!
(VjT^y!) eT+>+ \>*. (u< - nH|< | d+u<q >
>V +, eT+>d sb!- nH ns #| e#T.)
68
VjTêkD
137
138
lw V+d + |s \ k$TysT (31e |+ ) nqT>V +q
3.
VjTêkD
n+s+d \+ >eTV<dT s< +dH +\ +

DH+ >TDH+ \~ eT_qeT<+<e + d+ <y KyT
Xu+ $ueq+ << eT]<s |d+ Vd+C'
u <+ yUqeTT<eT| V~ XsD + jeTT<s+ d<syT
+syTq (eTqdT) N{ (nCH) |u+ e+{y&T,
y<\qT n|V]+q ndTsT\qT <+d+ #jT&+ n~rjTT&T, deTd
D>TD\ deTT<T&T, =*#y] +<T e, d#y T q sD \ y*> y&T,
lVk\ X+K#\qT, |d, eT+>syTq yUq eTT<qT
<] +qy&T, \<$ L&qy&T, eTVqTue&q VjTê H V<jT +
XsD T b+<TTHqT.
4.
e+< + <ee<+ qeT<eTseTVs {s { y{ss<D>DeTdDub<+XCyT
leT<eqTCs XKs>T sT V+d +'
|P+ b+ du + *]|>TsT_' XX <Xe +>yT
{\T <] +q <e\T eT sdT \ VjTêk$T b<\
qeTd]ksT . <e\T eT sdT \| <] +q {\ >=| >=| s\T
b<> & HsTT. {\ n>u >\ esTd\qT+& n|jT +> y\Te&
+sD \ deTV+ VjTêk$T l#sD \T mi> nsTTq$. nTe+{
lb<\T +sD\ |+C\qT *Z q$. ~<e&q VjTêk$T,
lseqTC#sT\ysT, y<+ <\T, V+ d+|s\JjTsY
yTT<q >TsTe\ |PjTT&T. eTVjTT&q VjTê d<
qeTd]dTHqT.
5.
$< V<-qe< jT<q|T sT Dks ks|ksY
Bs <s<s jeT eT+ |ssTTr
lw V+~eT |< * Y d+jTMT+<]+ Y
leT<eu eT |<j
T T X\+ lVjTêHeT
VjTê |$yTq sTD|yVks|ks+e\ eTHVsyTq,
<wsV yT q $< \TZT q~. BeT+T\ <syT q ~ $<. u $T
Je\ b n~ rsTdTq~. lwV+ d+ |s\ JjTsY
k$Ty]# n]+|&q, eTHVsyT q , \VjTê&H >=| dT eT+
(n+<]) *+Z #*.
lVjTê |+#syT
lwV+d+ |s\ k$TysT |s\ eTs .X.
1885e d+es+ qT+& .X. 1915 es b*+#sT. MsT .X. 1761e
d+es+ +#sT. 70 $T+q d+K |\T >=| T\qT s+#sT.
MsT >=| d+^ $<+dT\T L&.
1.
CHq+<eT *\TweTV\y\He
deru e eTeT VjTe<H <e <$]'
j XeT< + |$eT\eT\d>s <T>s '
ds k ss|u qT|<+ d+|<+ d+$< yT
CHq+<eTjTT&T, *\TweTH >=| <~deTV m>Ts>=f
|qT>*, ne~ yu y \y&T, XTe\qT ]$T =fy &T, \
|<+ eT< qy&T, d#yTq eTs|P\ e\qT <]+qy&T,
b\deTT<+e+{ iTqe L&qy&T, usT &T (#esT\ T) yTT<q y]
dT T \ kqyTq y&q VjTê&H <e + H d+|<\ qT *+Z #*.
X+ d>s e+ Ls&+~. e+ |sT L& +<T
eTT<\+s X* d+|&&+ >eTHs+.
2.
ss~H< d{eTDdT<Vs Vs_se
ses_H #*# |s+udTs+u<H
eH-qHs<d|D |]DdB
< k c d|~ VjTeTTU <e k-eq'
\ eTT\T, #+<T&T, d{ e TD, neT+, eT+#T - nH M{ e
eTHVsq Vs\ n+<yT q ~, m\| &T jTeq+ q~, deTT<q
nsTTq \ jTT # +u| ] s+uD \ d+s+u+ # <q yTq ~ (\d++<+ #
>=|~), eqyTq ~, nqHsyT q <k *qZ u d e TV s+ #&e TH
e sV+#&+ deTsy T q ~, HeTT+<T | y T q ~ nsTTq VjTê
s|<e eTq\qT s+ #T>!
69
VjTêkD
139
140
lw V+ d+ |s \k$TysT (31e e+) nqT>V +q
5.
VjTêkD
deTsH T q dJ + XDeTD+<|s y T
V+dq + k+< eTV! $u Vjd ! u je dT|u yT
VjTêkMT! nsq #j \H d V+d# (dsT #)
d<+ #jT&q mi eTDT\T b~q d+Vdq+e b'*d+<
|dTq ~. dT|u eT>T>!
6.
V]s]] eT+Euw+ ~Ce' d|~ XeT TY
es~C-|qTe<re L' VjqHq|T >TD! C>V |u !
uVDdeTV+ <jT + < V]' V]' V]' n+ yT\>
|* He $, d >=| | \TL& He nqTe~dTq T y{
<qT\T dTq$. VjTêkMT! @<w+ >TD\qT \y&! |u!
<qT+& .
7.
bN+ e<+ d|~ $Ts>Vs+
d+<e< ' dsT+eT|+k+<'
bjT eT+> s_w + #re
leTH ! Vjd ! ue e dT|u yT
\|r! VjTêkMT! sT ~ nH e<T e y+H dsT&H
esT bD>V D+ #d e&+d+ yT b'\d+< nH d q +
nH +eT $ nsTTq eT+#T sT nH eT+> \+ eT+>k H
#sTTdTq Tq~. (d+<\| miT| s+>T sT ~|dTq ~)
dT|ueT>T>!
8.
eTT<eq+ $eTT# qe|+w+&$Te'
d|~ deXjT + eTT~ ue Tse\jT'
uT $ -| #XjT djTyTe H
VjTe<H< C>V Vs! sTD<!
VjT^y! sT D n~rjTyTq ~e+{y& ! <jT + nsTTq+<Te\
TyT<\ deTV\T |&T \Te\ deTV $&|{, => $d+ q
eTs\ >T+|qT q+<+ y+H XsTTdTq $. + |e d+|<q T
\yH < XsTTk&T ! VjTêkMT! |&T yT\T.
\VjTe<q bu~dT
1.
sT DesTD\j+T ldTsD V+V]#q l'

#sDq]usV]H! e ujTs>d! dT|uyT
z VjTêkMT! sT D deTT<+e+{$, |<\ + dTsD jTT,
nV+s =\+#$ nsTTq sTH\ Xuq T \y&! l#sD |<\
XsD > #dq y] ] rsy&! dT|u + n>T>.
2.
|s' |T<+T~sH eTTU'Xd $TyqTsH
eTsTY dT>+~' |y eT+<+ Vjqq ! kY e dT|u yT
< q \<$jTT |< +e+{ eTTK+qT+& y\Te& Xk
nqT]d |]eT *qZ yjTTe yT\> eTT+<T MdTq ~. VjTê kMT!
dT|u +.
3.
Bb |$eT\j ' k V dY e <sTTeTTU+TCq
bX | |j < dT<+X' u j d|~ Vjd! dT|u yT
VjTêkMT! $T* $eT\yTq +# sTT+|&q+<Te\H,
, e\u nsTTq \<$ eTTUs$+<+# sTT+|&q+<Te\H,
#+<T&T |&e T{ deTT<+ |&b j&T. (nd$ T+#&T) y+H dT|u +
n>T> !
4.
es<qH ! ds<ss - ~s<|TV dTs<<sD!
dqj jTjT ' ||< + <T H eT<T HXq ! C>V u'
es\qT nqT>V+#y& ! (qT) d]+#y&T, $T* sT&q
>C+<T bb (]) V]+#&+ e+ #dq <s (=+<sqT)
\y&!- n n+ >=| eT \ jTT\T |\TTHsT. z eT<T eH
ndTsT d+V]+q VjT^y! e yTH*.
b'\+ >V>d >C+<, q+ >C+< ~
>C+ <y X\qT nqTd+~+#&+ |<\ |]b{.
70
VjTêkD
142
141
VjTêkD
n>u >\ b~q eTDT\T |>T \TTHsTT. eTDT\ +T\ ysT

\jT<s sH #d, e < # \+d+ m<TsT qT\T
#dTH sT. M] n+ #j *.
Vs$]+dq+<H<' <s ed+ esyVe+>' nH
ly+fXdT|uk d dsDjT+.
13. nD eTsTT w + $Vsd d+j
T eD eTTVQ'
_+u-d <e<e! s+ YbsH j>y T
#+<+ _+$T<+ e<+ V |s+ y<sD+ <s D+
<w+ qd beH ! bu~+ l|!
<e<y! >T. @H& D + # HqT+&>, e{e{ D + #
#+<_++ $V]ky! - n n+ qT b]+#&+d+ eq
#+<_++ ~ n eTT+<T *q eT+> s y T q n< # n+THsT.
nTe+{, $T* q+< *+Z # n<+ yTT<{ #|qT *|
|Cs TT. u> e H! l|r! bB! dT|u +.
14. <Xw c sTT' dT\*' <<j
bsTT'
~yb+>sa s ' <s q <s <+H
#sH >e+< eTTUH< dTk|H
dTb+ Ts>d! -dT sT Dd+<! ~q+ l|!
< + $T* +&&+e\ mi$, $T* n+<yTq$, |\T_
<jT | |i#$ nsTTq ~e{\ |yV\, qT n]+#&+ d+
& <s+ n+* #dT q y<+< \T yTT<q |Ps#sT\qT u>
kq+ #dq y]> (q+~+|Cd q y]>) e #j *. z VjTêkMT!
sT Dd+< ! l|r! dT|u +.
15. <+ +u< +<+ |T dDeTdDdsd* \+
|rVs \dq jTT>eTHV] \d
jT+ >' d< |]qdeTV-| u
~e+ dTb+ ue T sT Du ! VjTeTTK
9.
|\Y|+sbeVHk< V<jT'
k>+<&eTs+<~ed* s|P] H<sY
V+k k$Te |PjT+ $sTyCY |s+ eTqH
dTk' dsd w yVeTTK! dTbsd T |u !
dT>+<+ >=|<q eTs+ <eTH ~e\+ +&q$, eTHVsyT q
Xuq T *qZ yq $d+ q eTs|P e\T nH s\ b\qT <s+ > >V +q
V+d\T (dHdT\T) dsd T # > kq+ #d, eTT #d eT<T s< qT\H
eT+\qT #]d qT |PdTq T> q~. z VjT^y! |u !
dT|u+.
10. #\H eT<T s|T eT+E\+ |< eTT\d |PHjT
< |b $Te V+dd + dT|u $TV Vjqq!
TyT<\ deTV+ eTHVs+> |d, |Pd+ |<+
s \qT y\Te]d $dd T q ~. n~, V+d dsT&T |Pd+ d<+ #dq
< |be q~. VjTêkMT ! dT|u +.
mi|<+, mi | D\qT \ <eTb+. |<+ y*q
q\ TyT<\ >T+| q\ < eT+.
11. +BesD$Te + s< eT+Bue +r e|j T <
|\<+ |<$TyjTT>+ Vjd! d+| dT|uyT
\Te\ + |&T ]bTqT> <L & ]by*. |<\T
$d+ qT> |<\e+{ H\ + $d+ #*. z VjTêkMT!
dT|u +.
12. @ yV TY |TeTV {s {eTDXD_ de eT+~sd << <sjT sqyT
++ |u< \ $TV ds dT|s~b'
HH sTDeq\y' <HH $<V |u!
|u ! VjT^y! y< sT\T (# u <] +q s \T) u+
n<*d ={q +<Te\ <e\ |uT e\ sdT | <] +q >=| >=| {\
71
143
144
j\\ b&, |# s s+ L&q \ { *qZ ~,

\<$ dq jTT>+e () eTHVsyT q ~ nsTTq |Ps +u< jT+, ~>,
<s+ |dTq ~ ~ > <& L& +& >e. |]qdeTV+ L&
$qjT+> \ HsT. sT DdeTT<! VjTêkMT ! dT|u +.
u> y qT dT|u dydeTjT+ k$T eT+~s <s i#|&T
d<+ #jT & eT+> <ekeT n+ +<T |k$+|&+~.
16. s$eT+& $T< eTT<jT eTVu y _wsy T
q\ o$Te eVdT VjTê! dT|u +
VjTêkMT ! dseT+&\+ |&T <j ~| n_w+ d+
d<+ #jT &q q\ X+e q~. >=| dT|u +.
17. nqT e deH BjT
|eT<us ~V |+#eT+ $VjT
$<< \ yD X >q+
VjTe<H< ydT dT|uyT
de q~ <T nHT q+<s+e\ yD \T n+<iT
|+#eTds $&|{ >H #dT H sT <! VjTêkMT! |&T
dT|u+.
18. | se T<$< qq >qeTHVs eTT<sdT esyT
<q + H<+<+ + sjT C>V Vjd!
V j T ^y! \ d e TV +j T T eT< m> T s > =f >q+
eTHVsyT q ~, >=| dTesyT q ~, de <q yTq ~ nsTTq H<+<+
(<s T q\T) sH #dT q ~. yT\T.
19. V\&+&eTeT+&\ eTs\ |Dy< y<HyT
d+dsj
T e q< $+u Ts>e <q! T< d
u\T, & \T, eT<\ \T, &| \T yTT<q y<$Xc\ < <
+={ b{|& T TqT> $+_dT q ~. VjT^y ! <.
20.
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
e qTsTk<s Y d+Vw qsq + qT'

<suT $ #eTs < VjTe<q ! ydT dT|u $TV
VjTêkMT ! <V+jTT b* e\ $T* q+~+q
s +&T #eTs\T <s+ qsq + #dT q Tq$ < ! & dT|u +.
qjT' d|XX nH b+#s>y u>ee
|j >|& <y\ qj\T> #| &sTT qT, n#H \T> +#
#eTs\T n#H \T e. n+<Te\ y{ qsq + dV yT.
21. Yb<+ujTT>+ |]#]TeTH eT] T<+*dH
lw V+eT|< * Yd+ jTMT + dM
YdyjT deTT<se~e TVq+<<T dw r V
leH ce+< VjTe<q! e lX ! dTbsd T
VjTêkMT ! b<+uC\ +qT d$+# eTqdTqT \ys,
sdT | n+* |T=, lw V+ |s \ k$T jTr+<T\T qT
dT dTH sT. ded+ |jT +#y&, >=| q+< \y&q lwu |
(ws &j
sY) & \ H&T. dT|u +.
22. jT jT d \\HeTDeT[eTD!
jT jT u d + Vuy _ eTVsD !
jT jT y<e T[>TsTu> <j \<!
jT jT ye! |s \jTr+<<!
y q y < \H q eTD s d T | > \ eTD e +{ y &!
(y<+|b<T&) jT+. udeTV+jTT d+ksdeTT<
++|C d dsTe+{y&! jT+ jT+. y<+< \ u>e!
<j deTT<e! jT+ jT+. VjT^y! |s \jTr+<T\ ~e+{y&!
jT+ jT+.
72
VjTêkD
145
146
VjTêkD
e~+, y<\qT ] V #&T.b+#s Xk\qT L& |< +#&T.

nTe+{ \VjTê&T H eTqdT m\| &T |+#*.
ln_qe s+>H< V+d + |s \JjTsYk$Ty]# |D y T q
l \ VjTê se kyT
n<d ++ |s y esV ssk us T s#s j

y+#yH s j|w~ #se Y bH K+& <
jTk MD+ # <M + eTqd $<< Y U yT+eT+
dXH ds y# eTeT V<jT > #sT e+ y<jT <
\VjTê & >=|<q y>e (|s y) nq& \
m\| &T y+#d +T+~. s j|wY ` nH |wT e] K+&
eTT+<T K+&+ $wjT + $X<e TeTq~. yT q # MDqT <] +
+T+~. yTqT, yT # +& MDqT mesT eTqTdT <ks, ysT
>=| ] b+<TsT. nTe+{ y>e H eTqdT m\| &T \ +&
qqT # y\qT e*T #j *.
3.
(ln_qe s+>H< V+ |s\k$TysT us+ X+|s+

VjTs bUH VjTsu wDeTH >=| |]X<H yT q yUH
s+#sT. e] yUq+ $Xc+X\qT &] d s e
k s+#sT. MsT |s \ eTs .X.1925 qT+& .X.1967 es
sV+#sT. lseqTE\ luw+ >+<+| >&s d+>VeTH >=|
$esD s+#sT. )
1.
y^XU Xd T~X u H ' ydT<ed eT]'
C jT<>T|+ uT $ <qTes' ye |k<Y
|UXsX' $<V]' ds+d+'
jT +#sHe eTeT V~ d + < +<' d +<yT
y<\, d T\, Vk\ $T*> dT +|&q l|sy dT<e
nesyT q , y>e jT q lVjTê&T HeTqdT m\| &T |+#*.
\VjTê\ nqT>V +e\H + eqe\+<sT e{&> \ TZT HsT.
n+, $]d+ V+, ds +d +T\T ` ~> |\T _sT<T\qT
b+~q l y<+< \TL& \VjTê nqT>V + >=| ]
Xssy T q keTs\ |+#sT.
4.
w+ $b jTyT+ $<Ts| VQ< y<j

(s j
T )s~e+
dc $d+deq' deT< deT<< Y #+ <k+ jTq <HY
w+ $w+ # w+ \sTTTs| jTd+V ejTTsT+
yw + bDyTq+ VjTeTTK eTqTd+<< V + e<-H'
w+ jqyT (TT><+ ` 1` 164 ` 47) nH TT>< eT++#
#|& $we & dw+qy&T, n& y<\qT VqT
nqT>V +#&T. n+=|y&T> s j|wT qT, l b+#s
d+V\qT $<+>H #|&+~.+ +&y] bDyjTTe
e+{y&T, y>$ d+Xc \y&q VjTê HqT d< eTqdT
<dTH qT. $T*qy] es+ > <+#&+ m+<T?
2.
d d+ H_|< $~ eT< ~+ sd+ eTd+ #|`

_+<sTD eT~X< < d d <
++ #b~X< d eTeT VjTs eqd d< yT
nsT<T& ePVsb b+~q|&T VjTê&T q H;e<+
qT+& d >TD+ nXsTT+q VqT dw+ #&T. |eT sdT&q ` sC>TD+
n~+ > *qZ ` uT &T, y >TD+ nXsTT+ +& eT<T e ` nH sZ q T+& y<s
n|V ]+#>, lVjTê&T y]-U
XjTqT# \T|&q <XX nH |d< y T q dT >+<+ {
q~. n+<T, y<\ \T|&q y>e lVjTê X n (us
5.
73
VjTêkD
147
148
n) \TdTq ~. yT yi= <T. ns+ y |r n y<+ *q

y>e lVjTê| nsTTq \<$jT. VjTê |jT q y>e jT T
c&Xu>+ eyT (|<Vie n+XeyT) Vus>, dsd nH
qBs|+ q~. Vye s |sD+ $wjT + \TdTq ~.
VjTêkD
y&, eT e~+#&T. sT y, eT d+V]+q+<Te\ q *qZ b|+

rs&+ d+, eTT+<T |*q s +&T d\ u> y qTq VAeT+ #d,
b|$y#H b+~ J$+#&T. VjTsdT qT \y&T, <e\
|sq T |{, eeV]+|C dy&q , y#d nq& lVjTê&T H eTqdT
ds + > \& +&*.
6.
oVs $w|r+ e< $ ]e+ Hw< eT*H<'

UyT+ |sD VjTeTTK uT $ # k| + $wb s
Bys |+ ~qeTTKdeTjT Xq' de Tk'
ojTT+ V# d d <| < +jT+ <H yT
Hw<eeTH |sT q\T #]qT e+> s+q lVs$
dsd $we jTT |>, yT $we jTT dMT|+ nss|+ y+#d
qT *jTCX&T. B yU+# eT*H<d ] $wjT + |sD |d~
b+~q< L& nH&T. TT>< |e]+|Cd q lXq\T ` Cq+, #
y~ ` nH y{ sysT b'\+ |+#e\dq~> yL
s +#sT. yTqT |+#y] Cq+ _e<+ >\<T.
7.
y>+u D~d se~eTVe j X y # <M
ePs d-| V+d d eT~e TVe $X V# s'
jTTysD ~ VQ>TD keT d+V-|
s< ePVs| VjTeTTK $~ CH+ s _ d yT
TT><+ y>+u Dd + nH u>+ ne~ eTVeT\qT *qZ ~>
y>$ \T|&+~. d eTT+<Tq d+ l VjTê&T V+d,
|se TV+d He\ ]+ |&sT . keTy< #+~q sD+ L&
<s T < $<+ > *| nqTd+~+|&sT . n+<Te\ CqT\T eT jTC~
s\ ns~+#< qysT ` sTes.
8.
+< e+ VwH des $sH ! $eTd $w+
d+bs- V] d |VV|qT
du e~eT+ jT+ | |se TEVAq] >+<s @
<yH+ HeT< d eTeT <&e Te< y#d kY
edTsT e~+#\ |jT+q +<T&T, H +& q
dVT&yq z$wO! H, e~+#<q *$T nqT>V+#T n
9.
y< #<sDU |<eT ~+ jTY w|jTd+

H <qs+>$T >~+ q dd
yT<eT' |eH jT dTs > e TTK ' ds ~H<+
<jTY y#d+ + |ue d\ dY Xs-|+|'
n<s Dy<+ yTT< n< jTq+ #jT & w|j
T de TH~ {
q~. |]+q< eTsTe+& +&&+d+, eTiT q m+&
+&&+ d+ |j +#< q~ ~ ` n &H eTT eTT s+q
d\ *b&T. n+<Te\, z VjTêkMT! # yT<X b+<>sy&T
n \ |uT ee, y#d $ nsTTq qT <d n&T H]q~ $<\T
n eTiTe+&, +{&T. n&T me] sTT+#& k< + y&e&T.
HdH d< eT| T eT\j-y yT+ <yT
k<qY |s+ +<| q eTk >&e T> | yT
n< y< VT+ $< eT$>TD+ ydT<y_< q+
ePV+ + bss + VjTeTTK u> e VQ' e j'
s|+, HeT+ ` nH y{ \ @ edTe |j
T \+ * +&<T .
\j b+<TT+~. nH |sTqT \ \<$ L&q u> y qT&T
& |j
T deTjT+ * +{&T. <+|T \T sTesT | @
edTe deTjT+ +&<T . e\+ n+< s+ e]+#&, Cqds|&q
u>yqT&T me] *jT d +{&T. nTe+{ u>yqT mesT
*jT>\sT? \ n{ b<qsD+, $T sD+ ` nH
~$< sD\ s|yT q y&T, sdT eTdT\ ds , e\+ d >TD+
+&q dsb \y&T, ydT<e&H ePV #+~qy&T>, u> T &H |sTqT
\y&T> jTy< n<jTq+ #dysT me sdTHs, z
VjTêkMT! b'\+ |P+|& <e&e y< !
10.
74
VjTêkD
149
150
b' |P+ u> K+ |<e T eT<j

T H V #' |+#yT -<
HddY -wy T b><| deTe<H jTe yT
bsXs-ers+ e< VjTeTTU<s D' k +
yT<s+ bss + u> eTqTeTqT d+V-bV k<T
lVjT^y! TT><T\T nsTT<e d+ b'\+ |P+#< q
u> T &H HeT+ qT n< jTq+ #dT H sT. m$T<e HdY nH d+
L& |Ps+ \T|&q jTT\T L& n< jTq+ #dT H sT. l|sXse TV]
esT&q y<y deTV] < ns+ qT VjT^yes s|> |*&T.
n<s Dy< dsT&q &T, # Cq+ e~C+ <&+ d+ b' \+
s~+#< q u> T &H (bs > + |PwD+ VDdyT n) sTHeT+
qT s +#&T. lb+#sd+ V\T L& $<+ >H # > *bsTT.
12. |<T e++ b $s$+qT> TT<q+ nH
>+<+ l Xq&T yTT<q ysT *bsT . jT+ eTu$ +qTq
yT < + VAeT+ #d, + nH qT |<q+ nqTd+~dT H sT.
$<+ > bY @ bY ` n n+ |sTwd + \T|&qy&e
y, k{ y&e, y<\ |b~+|&y&Te y n jT<se q
|\ T |\TTHsT.
11.
VjTêkD
($_Hes\ s eT\+ qT, $<+ > #| &+~.) d+#]dTH &,

me V eyT @< =+eseyT *d=+TH&, me&T
#+<eT+&\+ q&TeT y+#d H&, &T> q|{ <>sZ H +& me]
<e\Td+ *d=qs, nTe+{ y#d nsTTq VjTê&T qqT
b&*.
jTkY V # sT<' d\ >~<+ CjT-+sVsY
yb d+ # jTdH \jTeT| \u jTXTs <eT]'
$w ssjTD-cs|<$~ <e| @
j-<s +> eT<' d<q ! |w~ Cj yT d +<yT
me]qT+& + V, e&T yTT<q ysT n+<iT |&TTHs,
me&T n$<q edTe \qT |\ jT\T y|+ +& <] dTH &,
me deTd >T |\jT\+ \sTTdTq <, me&T H\TZ y<\ jTT
|s|y, nTe+{ @ $we, HsjTDT&T` n nc eT++
*jT&TTH&, n& n<s y< #+~q |wT VD <e|
VD eT<Td<HyT (& y< V *Z+#y&T. z+s+#
|b~+|&y&T. & <e| T& ne]+#&T. & eT<T eH ndTsT
e~+q lVjTê&T) n *jT&TTH&T. nTe+{ VjTê&T qqT
dTqT *Z +&T nqT>V +#*.
14.
15.
X' ku$ k- # $$<| s XjT CqyTe+

< jT + \eT| <k ydT<e' d V+d'
j VD+ $<jT |<e T eT< |sH bVDY ds y<H
d <e+ ||< XsD eTV $TeT+ #eTd w dT'
u> y qTq dV +>H |s-d X ]$<e XSjT ku$
Cq\j # nH >=| Cq+, \qT <]+# \+, @ |
nsTTH sV+ eTT+#>\ keTs+, <HH dw+#>*Zq X yTT<q
>TD\THsTT. $ n dVyTq$. yie] $. $T* >=|$. |\T
$<q $ ` n XX s|wT *jT&TTq~. |se ydT<e&.
H $T*q y<\T V+d X+ ]+ #sTT. &T , VqT q H;e T\+
dw+ , n # >=|yq y<\qT nqT>V +#&T. neTd w dT'
13.
ds y< |CX |#T sVQ_<' d+XjT + jTyT+

Xk j-+' |$w djTeT| <X<#ssy jTyT
V #y q$+<<] $TV <X VQs eT+X #+<
<y d++ dV q+ q V $<TseY k-< y#d syT
|\T $<q y<\T |PsT\T @ VjTê eyT
XsTT+#j, @ &T eyT n edTe \ |\ jT y|+ \
+& jT$T+# X \y&, me&T deTT<+ e\ |~ sb\
75
VjTêkD
151
152
VjTêkD
k<<-| |w~ V<sD +&

+ y>y dV < qjTd $T<T u jT ds+X y<H
<s+ d |r+ <q T <T uj
T <]+ ewd w+
< Cs~-d VjTe<q! esH jT#d |reT'
n+<Te\, z VjT^y! XjTEs<+L& d+Vu>+,
V<sD u>+ ` nH u>\ e y>$ L&qy&e, dcs+u+
V +#ys, VqT
|sd ]+#T= ewd w sVks *d=+THeTT. V #dq jTC\e\
q+~+ n# s~+|&, n es\qT e |<q+ #dq T>L&
*d=+THeTT.
19. Ts -<jT ~rjT+ Ts>e TTK! XuVD+ ePVs|+
bD+ dD + X+ + #eTdeT| s-s_\+ #s T< yT
dbH+ <eH eT~s D eT$T+~jD+ js+
y#-we jTT+ + |]\jT <V u ]V ]
z VjT^y! V<sD|wT H\Ze n<jT+ X
uVDeTH s +&e u>+ q~. u>+ ` bD dD > (ePVs|+>)
qT nsT<s |&yq , e|XsTT$ nsTTq Xe>, V<jT ` Xs\qT
n<q` |<H\T> (>s > ` |d u eTT\T>), #eTdbqT +~
y| eTTK+> (sdT >), |q >T+& u> (bqT) \ nqb> s|+
|*+~. n+, (bd ) eTTK+ +& s +&T , s +&T #e\T, s +&T
Hds+<\T, HsT ` nH @&T +~j\H XTe\qT sTT+#&+ d+
m$T<e~ nsTTq y (y>e ) L&qy&e, u \ ] rsy&e>
qT y>we VD d+$<H, y>we VD d+$ n n+
\TTq~.
20. <<v <sD-<X s<sDY nXeTs
u+ besZ+ VjTeTTK ! deTTb~ <<syT
@ee *\eX' eTk' X Bq+
ue+ oseVQ sT$ deTjT {<s'
nH & eTq\qT neTeTq& y b+~+# dTee+{y&T.

H y b+<>]q HqT XsD T b+<TTHqT.
18.
16.
es $c' <q Ts+ VjTe<q ! esH H# j

<T d Y
{ q+ # $c' s ~ + jTY |esZsy <
Ns + jeq+ XeTTK <+ k| + jTT -|
b<Tse' d >D VQeTTKV]e+X~ s] y
17. X+ y<+ $ekqT|~Xd |s+ jejT yJ
y< ss #_ ]$T< eTejTB]D jyT
y>M+ y<s <jT eTTs{ b\ue
# ' d+|+ VjTeTTK ! >~+ Vye sy '
|esZsy<eTH y+ < q~. H= deTjT+
$we # +& $+{jT T n &TqT #<| sT>T\T =iy d q +<Tq,
H] bsTT+~. n|&T jTeqds|&q $we jTT \ $+{
e] u>+ \+> q+<Tq, n \ |&+~ ` n <
\T|&+~. & u> y qT&q $we $w X+ \T|&< >V +#*.
V] |P+# uVDT&T ns dT V] k Y nH , jTC sV+#
jTeH $we > y<+ s ++~. y<\qT |sd ]+#T=, lV]e+X+
nH Vk |sd ]+#T=, jTT\ <s n_E\ T B s|+#sT.
jTe $we > |\&+ >Db<Tse+ ` n+f eTTKyTq l$we jTT
nes+ <T. dse H $ws e u eH q| jT (b{
ds HH >\y* ` nH ]qT \y&T yeTqT&q $weqT <+
\yT jTC #j*. ne&&T $wy \qT sTTk&T) nH
#e keT+e\ |*q ~.
z VjT^y! e dseT+&\+ eT< y+#d +& $X$TT
bT&q je\ eTV] XjTEs< nXs|&y y+#d +&
|< +#e. ~ y<$ <Tq eTTqT\ y\ <s \TdTq ~. deTd y<\qT
dwyTq CH *Z+#~> y>$, y<s+ eTTqT\ >=|y&q
y<y dT&T |*&T. m+<T+f, n&T y>$ jTT nqT>V + eTVeTqT
b+<&T. y>$ jTT Xj
T n Vye s |sDe#H\ \T|&q~.
76
153
154
VjT^y! n<e\T L]q nXeTTU <]+q+<Te\

<s DT&q e+ #jT&+~.
jT<s + $<y T q ~ >, *V\+e\ =+<iT nCqT\T X nH
<e sdT nBqyTq < n+THsT. * >s + qT+& u $T| |&
|&T eT<T d<qT&q VjTê { byT q ys CjTeq+ V
|sTw+ jT+ |X q<T d<q', k' d T $Cj
T ' d y ys +' nH
k \T >\sT. ys y>]q #qqT *qZ ysT >\sT `
nH y<y dT e#HqTks+ $<+ > { <syT , eTdTq ys
$<+ > |\TsT.
23.
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
<<C <sD-k e|~X eT<T uVD+ w +

jTH sjTDD+ e#$T de|T Tw k> '
ed<+ e<j\$T VjTeTTK V$< +
y^X Cq+qq|T ! e buV+ jT |j '
24. + HsjTDU|w~ ~ + |+#s
HeUq VXeTTK ! $X<e <+ # <s + eTT+<'
^j+ d+>V+ $X<s TTTeTH' wy VqH +
y<~ + ds j
T # < @+<s
z VjTêkMT! n<s DT&q sT\ <s HsjTDe#eTH
|sT |Tw+|&TTq~. B |+ +<T&T edTsT e~+#&T.
edTsT e< ~ deTsy T q ~. < V$<. kMT! sT D +
ye\TL& $e]dTHsTT. BH
eTTqT\ >=|y&q y<ydT&T eTVus+ HsjTDjTeTH u>+
y< s + e+ #X&T. l^ >\ \qT d+>V +> \Tb\ u$+,
n& us+ lw& lVjTê&H y<+ |sy T + <s \qT
$e]+#|&T XyT~ |s + lyw e <s Xg+ d ]+#&T.
25. < HsjTD+ + e< eT<T + <e| eT+
y<+, y< s esV jTsd+ bV w' dyTe
# e j^ *<_ > Y eY k eT<
yVd! + Xs ]sTs| eTqT-X+ |s' w eT+
z VjTêkMT! HsjTD|wT yTT< HsjTDT |*, nH
es VD eT<T d<HyT (y<\qT s+ #y&T, |De+ <+|&
y&T nsTTq HsjTDT& <e|T&T, n& eT<TeqT d+V]+q
VjTê&T) n *|+~. y< s +L& lwu > y qT&T H
e+ #X&T. ~ n+ u> *dq jesTq |s \d] (sTeT+>
sT) eXsTT Hqi =&T neT\sjTiT nsT[ eTTH |]eTTejYT
21.
<< C <s D j VjTeTTK ! V<sD +& <

V besZ+ jT<| <jT BDjsy<
$cK+ eTT+ |qsT|w~ Vy^Xs |+
jT# b+ rjT <| # d eT<TuVD e Ts
VjTê kMT! n<s DT esT&q + l$wy |s eT n&T *b&T. |wT \
eT&e +& |s + y>e nsTTq VjTê& (y) n \T|&+~.
n& ] H\Ze u>yT q eT<T uVD+ L& $wj *b&T.
22.
y# <y- sT<q # d >Y ds $T>

yVk ydT<e' d |s eT<T uVD+ k|s TT
<<C <sD-<XVeT<Tw|<c
+ CH # |\Xu q T+ e y^Xs+ yT
y>$ L&q nsT<T& H nXeTTU \ lydT<e& n \qT
dw+qy&, n& qyTq + ` n eT<TuVD+ \TTq~.
n<e\ VT&T, eT<T e, w& T ` nH M] d *|y&T, <s DT&q
 s y T q sTyT \y&e
n eT<T uVD+ \TTq~.
77
155
156
X= y<q mqT yjTqeH! mq nsT |]jjYT (|]jT

sTyTT[`5`3`2) n, n<|+<+ eTTH e\yT sT eTD jTTD
eTTes&T qesY ye eqT |qT Hy< bsT jTyT
|]eTTejYT nsT[jT mH eseTH DY$TH (7`8`2) n n+T lVjTê
k$T >] |*sT. < |s+Xd ] (qesT) L& eT |+<+
sTyjYTyTT[ zy Tj
T sY |i$ $& eTy yj
T TyT eTy eTT<
eTe\yT eH, ey yTj
jYT ey e&eyT <y~<e|sTeH
mH rsYH (2`8`5) +<T $T*q nes\ eTT+<T> VjTê
|k$+#&+ >eTHs+.
26. HBH+ <q+ << j
T H <eyT+ < -H
<M yT+ $<T' <T q eT$+ V y<+y< yT
e+ k|s TT <<$jTT+ oeT<+ ~|
#U y< s VjTeTTK ! e|< X H eTT+<'
VjTêkMT! \ dc<T\ eT\sD+ <e& =
y<y \T \TTHsTT. + = y<y \T, mes <$jT sDeT
n+THsTT. , $T<T qyT sDeTH~ y<y \# *jT& s+.
$T<Tq+ \HsjTDT. #q+, n#q+ ` nH s+{ n|<
d<d + +< ($&BjT d++<) \ leTHsjTDT& >sDu T&T
` n y<s+ u>yqT nes+, \\T yTT<qy $e]d
ydeTT+<T&T *jTCX&T.
27. XeD+ -es VjTeTTK ! >y <sD s T<'
TT><|eT' #e Du q V #>'
bs+u' bse k+ jTEw |s jEc' d+s+
< <|e+ uT $ $~eX> k + des<j
T +
z VjTêkMT! XeDed+ XeDq + y<\qT s+ #&+
d+ e ne]+#e. n+<Te\H TT><T\T ed+ XeD q +
TT><< jTH s+_ksT . n< XeDed+ bs$ TH&T jTEs<+
# |< +#&+~` nH sD+e\ jTEs<T\T XeD bs$ TH&T eT
y<< jTH s+_ksT . $<+ > n+<iT VjTê&yq d++<
|sd ]+#T=H y<< jTH #ksT .
28.
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
$c |r |s y VQeTqT usr j+ jTBX'

|T ' b |+#s+ XeT| deTTb~~ <s D
yY >we T]+ VjTsd bs<j
T +r XeT
ouw+ \ DjT d|$~jT + _u -<Y
VjTêkMT! $w| jT |s y nH |sTqT *qZ ~` n, @
dsd >=| >se+ |PdTq<, |s y nq& \<$ e\uT&q
lVjTê&< H us y<\qT, b+#s>e\qT |< +#&T ` n
# <sD \<$ |PdTq ~. n{ |s y# *+>q+ #d &q
\VjTêeT] dsd | ~q+ s~d q<, VjTê&T mq
V+d |seTV+d <jes\ <sH nqT>V+qT> U,
jTC|M +, <+&+ ` nH M{ <s H # u> e <eqTE\qT #,
MsT kT leTHsjTD nesyT , MsT nqT>V +q Vdu wyT
+ luw+ ` n eeV]+|&>\ <T n |*q~.
29.
y^Xqd eT++ XKs>T sT' sY \+ |

\b| eTeT|<V +<K|s+ jTr+<'
eT' uT' qCe T>TD sTBXe +X]+
q]+ d+b| +#+ djTeT| s es<j
T Y u u e
ly<+ <\T sTeV+<| s+ Ww<| s + | lVjTê
y\ >sT &Te<q T+& lVjTê eT+ b+~, VjTê u> y qT
<+#sT. n|&T l VjTêk$T k]+, l <\ q
eT nqT>V +#&T. lseqTE\ yTqeeT esT&q sT X\#
s~+|&q lVjTê nseT]H eTT b+~, VjTê u> y qT
| >\ u +N|s+H <\T # \+ yd+#sT.
30.
y<+d ]' d|< eTT|> + V+d ++

cK+ eT]yT H+ deTqjT<< Y Xdb s+|'
djT+ y^XeT]' >TsTes|s ~_' deeH
sekq+ \+ $\d $Vs-< s<X
y<+ <\T eT w\ |< qT, eT l#sD \qT s~+#
lV+d +|s \k$T eT] #sT. sT y eT] c#s
78
VjTêkD
157
158
|s+ |s> s sw+ |s \eTs+ j |s \ jTr+<T\ s<q

H{es s~+|&TTq~.
31. <s+ |PsXy+ dTseT| -+yd k`
qTcH-X; + VjTeTTK! |D+ \+us TT- XeT+ yT
Xb<~H-s$XjT |> {|P C+ T\k
kbUy+ #\jTd jT r eTjTqs <j
z VjTêkMT! H |PsXeT+ dT\uy T q nqTw+ #&
q <s\qT n{ HqT d]> nqTw#+&H, yXeTeTq&
dHkXe b+~+#e. eT< XXeTTKTe HXs+ \ es
(*Zq) $<yTq y~ *Z+#e. | ~q+ \VjTê&yq
\T\d nsqqT #j * ` nH ] { T\d nsqqT #j \
|jT +q|&T, y~ |P]> =\>&+ bT eTVus+sZ y T q
VjTs bUqyT` nH #+~q u> yUq+ s+# u>
L& *+Z #e. <dT&Hq H|{ m+ nqT>V + kMT!
32. + y^Xb<jTT>dd+deHs~B'
+ qes+> XjTsq| eTsjTY s eyT
@H+ + |s+ uT $ eTqTes u u yT|sH
dsH $+<+ yVqqess T Db+>< s_wY
$<+ > \VjTê ~eb<T\qT | ~q+ eqks+>
|P+#&+ , T\d <\ n]+#&+ , k$T d$+#&+ yTT<q y
#d >& |ysT, n_qe s+>H< |s \ jTr+<eTV<\H He
\ eTVjTT\T, se nH dT VjTê l #sD\
deT]+#sT. < |~q+ nqTd+~+# (|]+ #) ysT eTTXw \ T >\sT.
y] u qT> ysT s n |\qT, l \VjTêk$T ~e
{< s n_w+ #jT &qys (nqT>V +|&eys) , | b+<>\ sT.
\VjTê s ekeTT d+|Pse TT
VjTêkD
l VjT^ywyT
1.
Vjqq+ VjTê+ Vsq|sX_y T

|+s<s + <e+ VjTê eTTbdV
>Ti| eTTU \y&T nXê&T, Vs\, q|s\ X_y &T,
|+s <] +qy&T, >=|> |+#y&q VjTê bddT H qT.
2.
+<+<TX+K<e+ |<|uDyT
X+K#<s + <e+ VjTê eTTbdV
+<|w+ (yTT\|Pe) e, #+<Te, X+K+e \y&T,
eTs|P\ s\e+{ qT\qT \y&T, X+K#\qT <]+qy&q
VjTê bddT H qT.
3.
eTT<eTdejTT+ H$T{de T|uy T
s +&\ jTs+ VjTê eTTbdV
eTT\ Vs\ L&T=qy&T, { dT<s qT\ deqyTq +
\y&T, s\T b~q +&\qT, jTs\qT <] +qy&q VjTê
bddTHqT.
4.
Xcdq dedq+ \deTyT
ledTu < s + VjTê eTTbdV
Xcdq+ y+#d qy&T, \<$, <e\ L&T= +&y&T,
le, dTu <] +qy&q VjTê bddT H qT.
5.
j>dqdedq+ y<X gdeTyT
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es\| q\eTTeH <e TT> qT+&TqT. eTT yTsT|r>e \ <$
m|&TqT m&ujT k$T \djTT+&TqT.n{ ~eeT+> $>V
d+|qT&q \ VjTe<qT&T d+e TT H eqdeTTq+<T $V]+#T>!
14) jT BZ<s| duues
jT z+ss b sed+>v'
d yT Cqs|+ eT' bqT
d yT ds deT~e~+ HT
jT' R @ VjTêeT], BZ<s |' R keTy<d s|&TqT, d
nu u es R \ yT|TeTTe X<yTq s|eTT>\y&, jT' R @
VjTêeT], z+ss |' R |Deds|&, se d+> n+' R &
\ <$ >\, d' R n{ VjTêk$T, yT R HjTT, nCqs|yT R nCq
eTH&T , eT' R N{ , bqT R b>=T>!, d' R k$T, yT R H,
ds deTY $e~yT R deTd d+|<\ deT~, HT R \T>Cj
T T>!
y<d s|&T, X<d eTjTyTq ~eeT+>$ >V eTT >\y&T nsTTq
VjTêk$T H nCH+< seTTqT q+|Cj
T T>! z+s | b<T&T
sedyT T&T nsTTq k$T H d\ d+|<\ qT nqT>V +#T >!
15)
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
|uT Vjqq MT&eTV d< $uT sk eTeT u<j

T ~Zsy T
q uT $ e<>H< HeHY duT e de~s< y Y
|uT VjqqyT R VjTê|uT eqT, d< R m\| &TqT, &eTV R
dT+TeTT. nk $uT' R k$T, eTeT R HjTT, syT R yqT,
u<j
T Y R $d+ |Cj
T T>!, uT $ R eTTq, e< nH< q neHY
R He+{ nH<T \qT u#Ty&T, duT e' R q H sDyTq y&T,
deY R q H deqyTq y&TqT n>T VjTêk$T +{, s Y R
yiT <e eTT, q uy Y R +&<T .
eTq+ d+ VjTêk$T yuyH ]<+. k$TjT eTq
y\qT # q |i ks e TT\qT> #k&T . jTq |T H | yi=
sDyTB <T . jTq deqyTq Y |s< eT H$T
sT G yT R TT>< jTEs< keTy<d s|yT q ~, |De
s|yT R z+s ds|yT q ~, <su eyT R |dq yTq eTqdT *q~,
BZ< y< eT\ $^jTeqyT R BZ<e TT\H y<e T+eTT\# dT +|&~,
$Xs R eTTq\ $wy T q s|eTT>\~, +~s u Y R \ <$
<] +q~, Xuy T R X<d ds|yT q ~, n>RY ryT q , eT| R
e]+#T M\T~jTT nsTTq, |s< eT R VjTês|yT q |s+ C,
H$T R dT +#T#THqT.
y<&T, y<k syT q z+seTT# |b~+|&y&T` VjTê
k$T. BZ<e TT\# ]+ |& k$T eTqdT $T* |dq yTq ~. $\D yTq
s|eTT ryT \ $wy T VjTê> $\d\T |sC dT +TqT.
17) Vjd MT&eTV <eT V<yT Cq $Td dV ds
& $u udT \<s+ XX eT< xY
85
171
172
V<yT R eTHVsyT q ~, Cq $Td dV d s R nCqeTqT

N{ |#+ &u qTe+{~, &$u u ndT R udTsT bDeTT\qT
$deTT> V]+q~, \ <s y T R \ <$ V<jT eTTq+<T <] +q~,
XXyT R ]syT q ~, +Y R e]+| X eTT ~, Vjd+ <eT
R VjTê s|eTT qTq~ nsTTq ~edTqT, n< R deTjTeTTq,
&eTV R dT +#<e TT.
u\ nCH+<seTTqT |{|+#\T >$+#Ty&T, udTsT
ne\> d+V]+qy&T, \ dyT T&T VjTêk$T. eTHVseTT, m\| &T
esT rsT> qT+&&~ , e]+|q\$ ~, nsTTq k$T ~edTqT
eTqeTT keTT >$+#<e TT.
18) <q *q|X\+ dq*He \+ s+
<<# e TU]u< q jTjT+ <D yT
u > qTq~jTT,
dq[q ne \yT R eTs|P d\ |e\qT <] +q~jTT, << Y Xe TK
n] u< q jT jTyT R ndTsd+ VseTT# eq jTXuq T <] +q~jTT,
u Y >Y nbs sj
T <yT R qHXsTT+q \ |P] nuj
T $T#T
q~jTT, s nq|yT R yi=< n| d+yTq~jTT, &
dyKyT R dT+|<q~jTT yU+#T q~jTT nsTTq, jTyT R @
<D Vde TTqT, eTTqjT' R eTVsT\T, d<R m\| &T, u + R d$+#T
#THs n{, <D + sy T R VjTê k$T &# , dTe T' R dT +TeTT.
VjTêk$T jTT <D Vde TT, nq> ` &#s TT n|& $b]q
mi eTs|P ee dTeseTT> qT+&TqT. eTs|P d\ |e\qT <] +q
seTT sdd+VseTT #jTTe\q *q jTXu |]&$\T#Tq~.
nT\ m\| &T nuj
T $T s+ #Tq{ k$T <D se TT yUeTT<
|+#T#T+&TqT. eTTqT\+<sTqT u d$+#T VjTe<q|uT <D
Vde TTqT eTq$T|&T keTT #jT T<eTT.
19)
VjTêkD
VjTêkD
de+ s+ <D eH+ d| d + y]dT e\$T

Cq|<+ seT $Tu q T D<T + uC y-XeTTKd yT
HyT R qqT XsTT+q u \ (n;we TT\qT rsT) $wjT eTTq,
<D yT R deTsy T q ~, d| d y T R |d e TT L&q~, y] dT ne\+_ R
\<$ #|{q~, Cq|<+ R CqeTTqT nqT>V+#Tq~, seTyT R
eTHVsyTq~, u +< T+& <TyT R eT<>eTT jTT =+&eTTe
|#Tq~jTT nsTTq, nXeTTKd R VjTêk$TjTT, de+ sy T R
m&eT#, yT R m\| &TqT, uC eT' R d$+TeTT.
VjTêk$T yeTVde TTq |d e TTqT <] +jTT+&TqT. & qTq
\ <$ \+qeTT> qTq #sTT m&eT~ nsTTqqT qqT XsTT+q
u \ ]\qT rsT <D eTT, nq> ` n+ deTsy T q ~. CqeTTqT
#Tq~, seTDjTyTq~, eT<|fqT>T =+&eTTe <&eTT>qT BseTT>qT
|+#T#Tq~ nsTTq lVde TTqT d+e TT d$+#<e TT.
20) eT~~ dq + bxq+ << q+
|eqdKUu # eTT>eyT
uT jTT> eTeq dedy sKyT
u jT<eTsD+ qeTXqqd
nXqqd R VjTêk$TjTT, eT~ ~ dq yT R sd T \
dq eTTqT eTTu{ q ~jT>T, b+#qyT R b+#qeTH X+KeTTqT, |eq
dK UuY R n C\\T *q~, nT> eyT R n+#T\ $T*
e+|\T *q~jTT nsTTq, #yT R dT<s qeTqT |sT>\ #eTTqT, << qyT
R <] +#Tq~jTT, de dy s KyT R m&eT & n |\Te&Tq~jTT
nsTTq, jTY uT jT>yT R @ uTeTT\ +qT, neTsD+ +<yT R
<e\ deTVeTT, u R d$+#T#Tq<, Y R uT <jTeTT, q' R
eTq\qT, neY R s+ #T>!
yqT s+&T XeTT\ #TsTE&q VjTêk$TjTT
uT <jTeTTqT dT +, Xe TTq+<T k$T &jT &eT\ qTq eTijT T
uVQe\ +qT d$+#T#THsT.
86
VjTêkD
173
174
leT<_qe< eTsY Mss|Ty#sT\ y]# |DyTq
q <H XTeq sdT\ V<jTeTT\qT ujTeTT

 e+|\T ]jTTq n+#T\T *
XTuj
T +sy T q dT<s q # yi= &# <] k&T . <e\+<s
u =*# X+K#jTT<eTT\qT <]+# uTjTT>eTT L& eTq\qT
eTT b&T>!
21) @e+ Vjqqk+ u -sjT ~u'
b<jd+ | uy<< s'
@eyT R $<e TT>, Vjqq kyT R Vjqq$+X nqT
|sT >\ keTTqT, u R u , R s+, $u' R VjTêk$T
jTT, b<j ' R b<eTT\e<, sjTY R (sTeT\ |s e TT& seqT
k$T) deT]+#qT, Y R n{ keTT, jT R mes , @Y |< s' R
VjTe<qT b<|< eTT\jT+<T d *jTT+<Ts, dyT R n{ dT sTw\,
| R q+<eTTq, uy RY (sDeTT) n>T>!
sTeT\ |s e TT& seqTk$TysT VjTêk$T l#sD d~
u d e T]+q V j qq$+X nqT |s T > \ k e TT
y>BX de sT q u>ee TT\ q+<eTTqT *+#T>!
22) leT VjTejT s D BD
j--*+bsjT eT+>+ eT+>y T
leT R Cq, X, W<s, y~ D>TD d+|qT&T,
sD BD R T\qT s+ #TjT+<T Be V+qy&T, j *+
bsjTR\<$# |u>eTTq *+>qeTT #d=q&qy&TqT nsTTq
VjTejT R VjTêk$T, eT+>y T R eT+>e T>T>!, eT+>y T R
m\| &T eT+>e TT \T>T>!
seTT : D>TD d+|qT&T, T\qT s+#TjT B>
\y&T, qqT *+>qeTT #d =q \ <$ m|&TqT $\d\T y&TqT
nsTTq VjTê k$T eT+>e T>T>! eTT eT+>e T>T>!!
VjTêkD
l \VjTê <qyT
l e TsY Mss|T y#sT\ ysT >& q X_ us< X +
d+d uw, $c< d<++ |sT>&+q |d< |+&T\
n>>D T\T. MsT ly<+< \e X~ >+<\qT s+#sT.
1.
$~e~~e+~ |j < X eTHwsTTT+ e>V
eT<T ue T]H eTHC eTqy #sD Vjd! <e!
z <y! VjT^y! $~|s+ V# qeTd]+|&q$, y<\qT
nH w + # & + d + d e TT< + eTTq$, eT< T u T \H nd T s T \qT
d+V]+q$, n+<yT q $ nsTTq l#sD \qT <dTH qT.
2.
jT<T<>yd+<Tu+>e|bsTc eu
XsTT+ T ue + e| qc e +|T VjTe! yT V~ kyT
| \ >=|<q y>+ e\ |{q deTT< s{\ deTV+jTT &#
q+q bsTc *Zq eT<TuT\H <iT ndTsT\T, deTT<+
XjT +q qT #] q+#sT. z VjT^y! nTe+{ | \T H V<jT +
* +&*.
3.
d|<$wjT<jTd\Xu\+_b<jTT'
#sD de <D ' XsD + eTeT y^X! ysTjTT> yTY
y^Xs! \ dq|< + LsT +& s +&T }sTe\
}sTe| \<$ LsT q~. yTjTT Xu s y T q , +< y&
b<+ <D #sD + \d q~ (d++<+ *Z q~) nTe+{ s +&T
}sTe\T H XsD +.
4.
|DeT~~ydue |< + Xu| +sX_ ~eu wyT
n+&de TT<y sH _d sD k<T<s+ Vjd yT
z VjT^y! qT qeTd]+# V ydkqyTq , n+<yT q |<
*Zq~, eT+>syTq |+s+ X_~, ~eyTq yTT\q\Te+{
Vjqq$+X deTs
87
VjTêkD
175
176
VjTêkD
z VjT^y! e {< s H <c\qT n{ =\+,

Xs |\T, lseqTE\T, ly<+< \T ` nH M] d\ T <]+q
+ Cq+ *> T nqT>V +#T.
10. XjT<]seXr#jTe
dT eTTH$Ts eTXe!
dTk+<d{{_seT+
seTjTH V<jT + s d BjTyT
z VjT^y! u \ s< qT\qT $H\H <X + u\T #e\qT
dw+ > =+#+ | u&T#TqT HsTT. |+# <y T q p\T
n+<yT q sdT H V<j s++|Cj
*.
11. VjTe! ~es|
|< +|T sT{ yT D bDH
V<jT + >e d eT os+
\jTY jT' d ' d< b'
z VjT^y! $<+ > ~es|+ b<\T, | \T, }sTe\T,
q&TeTT, Vk\T, V<jT +, +s+ , eTTK+, qT\T, sdT ` nH n+>\qT
u$+q y&T n \ qT b+<T&T.
12. d| < wD eT+TC+
d{ ~|eT+ sedyT yT
VjT+s eT+sy VBy
<jTd< wd ds$T yT
\eTs|Pe LsT qy&T, |<HT&T, d{|s+
e+{y&T, \dV T&q VjTê @ nes<+ T~, yqT b+<&+
d+ |~q+ b'\+ d]dTH qT.
13. n_>+ T eT| || T yTe+
>~T+ eT+>e H' dTr d yT
<Tb eTqTUq|Ps+
VjTe +q+ <yT
u wD\qT *qZ ~, d\ V+&+ jTT |j q+> *qZ H_

*qZ ~ nsTTq <s+ H dsD +> \ +&*.
5.
|<XsD <Dq dT]+ |d<]D sD
n]X+Ke]]bD< jT eTXd! e| de ds jTyT
z VjT^y! |<X eTT<qT \ &# , |d <*q m&eT
#, X+K#\qT <] +#&+ <s XTe\qT e]+|C d uVQ<jT+
L&q sb HqT d]kqT.
6.
JeB$d ee<$B| dTu & yT
*+ eqe\j # e de d+w ~j Vjd y<
VjT^y! Tq Je\+<ij
T T Cq$d+jTT deTVe!
n u$+|& + \ dTu + >=|~, eqe\ L&q~ nsTTq
ed T qT T~ *+>q+ #d = (T~ u$+) q+~kqT.
7.
d b +#qy+# dTs< sX u< + dTBsyT
|sK +&qs uD|Ps w ~T + VjT+<s + ds$T
dMT|+ +& b+#q+ s< q (b+#H $T+), |+#
(\ ) s eT+> s y T q < *qZ ~, $T* b&yq ~, |sy <T\qT
K+&+#& q s\H uD\ +&q n+T\b~e+{~ nsTTq
VjTê +s d]dTH qT.
8.
neTsTTV V \T< \VV\s|V T
e<q+ d<q + sd+ V<jT + yT d<j
T + |u ! Vjd!
|u! z VjT^y! neT+e+{ V\V\X+ m>Ts>={q
(sTT+q) VV\+e+{ VTy<\qT *qZ <q e<q+ H V<j
<jT m\| &T yd+> #d y*.
9.
Ts>d! {<sj +
\TwyeTbd yT $<V
Xs <sy<# & `
>TsTd<dsu<yT
88
VjTêkD
177
178
VjTêkD
leT<_qe< eTsY Mss|Ty#sT\ y]#

| D y T q
z VjT^y! qT n_>e Tq+ #jT &, || #jT &, eT+>

Xdq+ |\T& y, qT XsTT+q H<s |Ps+ dTT\qT
s+|CX e. |&T +qs|yT q dT s+|CX e.
14. d+< dMT e<dT |PsX e|Vjdu '
qe<Mss|T ys eHY bT sTwdT +Hsy T
$<+ > d+<\+ \ |+# nXs| <]+qy&T,
VjTê u & q n_qe<\H _sT<TqT \ e TsY Mss|T y#sT\T
dT b'\+ +q #jT &+d+ s+#&T.
15. $<$XDH<+ VjTê' |s' |eH
nqT>V + $qT ew qe>V yT
$<qT nqT>V +# e+\qT \y&q |se T|sTw&T VjTê&T
u \ @ n&T nqT>V u \ $d] +|Cj
*.
16. dy \VjTeTTU! sT + <j =|<q, |{wyTq q&TeTTqT, <s,
$X\yTq , y jT+ ` yTT<q y n\+]+|&q ed T qT, |d
ne \qT, #, X+U <] +q Vk\qT d$kqT.
17. Bs ^y eTTK|eTVHd >+&b
ds+u|eTqjTqu\d<_+u
os ## Xed |] $d j+ d{j+
d +eTTKeTqTuy Y ldK+ + deT>yT
b&yq +s, eTTK|{\qT, >=| Hdq T, # qT, iTqe
L&q |<\e+{ H\qT, qTueT\qT *Z |+# eTTK+, sdT
qyT q #e\, #T $d] +q d\ H eTqdT qT |Ps+ > d]+
H eTqdT |]|Ps+ > q+< nqTu$ +#*.
\VjTê||
1.
$X<$ Cq|T qds|+ $Cq$XDq#sC q$<sTTq+ + <e+ VjTêeTV+ ||<
VqT dc~ d+, n q y<\qT nqT>V +q
y&T, q d++~+q CH *Z+#y&q, <e&q VjTê ||
#dTHqT.
3.
BZ<sds|Ps eT+' |$X b <VY
ejT e+sV j jT @+ <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
|De|PsyT q BZ< deTT<+|\ |y + #]d b
+qT+& y<\qT =eq <e&q VjTê XsD T b+<TTHqT.
4.
|<jT |jT |q' Xr s | q < jT_ydyT
Vy X y X eTseq+ <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
q |T&q V ] y<\qT , < T \qT e~+qy&T,
d< deTT<+ ed+#y&T, Vey\ (jT+) s~+|& <e&q
VjTê XsDTy&TTHqT. (VjTê&T Veeu ` nH $wjT+
VjTsbUq |d< + )
5.
jTH_H <d s_+< eT<T uU
y<|V sjT y s d+ <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
89
VjTêkD
179
180
VjTêkD
VjTêk$TjT eT~ nes sb\qT, $<+>H |\Te]

#sT\ sb\qT b+~qy& y<+$<\qT nqT>V dTH &T. nTe+{
<e&q VjTê HqT XsD T b+<TTHqT.
11. Xw' ' dT\u-H+ X+' dTT~' |~ V yJ
<qH$w d< T DZ |T + <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
+ nX+ XwyTq~, qT *Zq~, qqT <]+#y]
$wjT + k\u *qZ ~, X+d uy *qZ ~, eT+ T~ *qZ ~>
|sT |&q ~. nXeTTU *Z +&+<s d<T DZ \ deTV e+
#dy&q , <e&q VjTê HqT XsD T y&T THqT.
12. Vd s<q+ <s#XyUqeTT<' d|<|syT
$<K\+yeTu>+ <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
H\TZ uT C\ X+K+, #+, |d + , yUqeTT<\qT <] +qy&T,
\ |< dq|s+ > \y&T, $< nH |sTqT \ \ X_
yeTu> \y&q <e&T VjTê XsD T b+<TTHqT.
@ u> y qT H;|< +jTT <+ (s) {_+<TeqT+& y<\qT

n|V ]+#&+ d+, sdy s|q eT<T uT \H #dT H qT.
6.
es+ b| es+ dTs w >w jTC>V s-] jT'
n<s jTY jT VjT+ e| d+ <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
(V #dq jT+ es) <e\+<iT j ]\qT sysT
eTqT n]+# es b+~ y&* b>, jT| d]+#y& VjTê
s|+ $s$ +q u> y qT&T q sb V <]+|CX &T. nTe+{
<e&q VjTê HqT XsD > #dT H qT.
7.
j CjTeq+ |sTw+ ||X H ys +|s eH
$<~<e + eT<T d<q+ + <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
CjTeq+ V |sTw+ jT+ |X q<T d<q', k d T $Cj
T
d y ys +' nH +# deTjT+ eT<T d<q T&T q {
byTqy y>]q +qT *Zqy> #k&T. nTe+{
$<~<e , <e&q eT<T d<qT XsD T y&T THqT.
8.
~_+u-Xe|s<Y dHjjeH >eH n~Y
j jejT <j ~+ + <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
dseT+&\+ nXs|& y+#d +& je\eTV] n<XyTq
jTEs< |< +qy&T, nTe+{ <j ~, <e&q VjTê XsD T
y&TTHqT.
9.
$Cq<q|~ >+ yk<j y>| <D k
jTBD +XVyu y d+ <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
+ $CH nqT>V+#&+ deTsT\T> |sT b+~q
yk<T\T, dsd r<$ L& @ VjTê u> y qT { \eX+ e\
yu y b+~qysT. nTe+{ <e&q VjTê HqT XsD T b+<TTHqT.
<Dse ~ VjTêk Xu e+ & ue+.
10. eT~sbD jT< <e HH$<#se|P+w >VH
y<+$<' |H jTd+ <e+ VjTê eTV+ ||<
90
VjTêkD
181
182
leT<_qe< eTsY Mss|Ty#sT\ y]# |DyTq
yyT q @ jTEs<+ b<eed nH~ nse X+#H ss TT+|

&TTq<, nTe+{, eT> (&, , n) sb *Zq, jTCyTq
jTEs< ds|+> *qZ VjTêq eT+>+ .
l\ VjTêeT+>yT
1)
(jTEs<+ jT|< qyTq ~. nTe+{ jTEs<&T VjT ê&T.

jT+ s~+|& n H= d+<s + &s b <] +q e++
|d<+. n|&T eT>Xu & ` n ns+. , jT+ nC (yT)
b<H{ X+ eT>Xu eT>keqy#+ > >V + ns
#| e#T.)
nXwy < s bjT jT<sC q<sTTH

$<\ dyT jT yejT eT+>y T
deTd y<\qT s|+> \y&T, jT<sy T q CH nqT>V +# y&T,

$< nH |sTqT \ \ L& +&y&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
2)
b\H Cq<H # XeD<sT< '

$sjT y< -s eTX^yjT eT+>y T
6) jT<TBZ<dsk < y<|V]D

|DyBZ<s bjT |DVcjT eT+>y T
sD Cq |<H #jT &+ d & q nsT<T& H ePVeT]

qT+& Vd+ $s$ +qy&q VjTêq eT+>y T .
3)
VjTê&T #dq BZ<yTq, |$yTq Vc (d*+|) <

y<\qT n|V ]+q eT<T uT \T uj
T |&sT . nTe+{ Vc< #dq
y&T, |DyBZ<d s|&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
kH_|< Cj< k|~c' Xr de'

ds+ |qs<Y j-d Ts+>kjT eT+>y T
VjTê&T deTT<+ #dq BZ< yT q ds $ eT<T uT \T

uj
T |&q e++ eTVus+ X+|s + VjTs bUq+ |d< + .
qH_qT+& |{q V dcs+u+ q# |< +|&q X

T\qT eT ] V ds + > \+&T |< +q VjTêq
eT+>+ .
4)
7) yeT|dVdd uTCwseH
yUeTT<qVkjT yejT eT+>y T
# |d <] +q q m&eTuVQe & LsT +& \
*+>q+ #d =qy&T, yi= # yUeTT<qT <*qy&q VjTêq
eT+>+ .
eT<uq<T eT_+<' u+ ]H <|

H CjT >+<s kjT eT+>y T
mi es+ {_+<TeqT+& eT<T e nH ndTsT, ]q yTq (q\)

{_+<TeqT+& u&H ndTsT dw+, (>]+q) VqT +q
VjTêq eT+>+ .
5)
VjTêkD
8) Xs<qd#+y T
b<eek jTseXHe eT>H

jTEw jTs bjT VjT^yjT eT+>y T
Xs \yT|T +| +f #+<T e \ |+&+| y+#d +& sb

\y&T, X+K#\qT <] +qy&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
91
VjTêkD
183
184
y<+ <\ VjTêk+ Xs< H #+<$Te dTs+ yT (25)

nH d dsDj
T +.
9)
VjTêkD
12) sCeTss < + yD+ s d Vy

y eT]+ # ds + Ts>kjT eT+>y T
sC>TDdTs|&q #T sTK | dsd , y >TDeT], ds E&q ,
e (<D eT]) dw+ qy&T, d >TD *+Z #y&q VjTêq
eT+>+ .
<D se ]Xd eT]', <M dsCdq<s |r ~ VjTêk
d (6) ue+ uejT+.
13) seT<esDZ b+#H]+|T jT
yk~|eT+jT y+sjT eT+>y T
\seTT |<X+ |s+ b+#\sE# s~+|&qy&T, yk~
eTVsT\# |+|& eT+ \T&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
yk<j -|...... dTs+ ds e XX' nH VjTê k
d dsDjT+.
14) dsds$Cq+ k<TyVs<sD
jTq+| d d VjT^yjT eT+>y T
@ VjTê eT+|+e\ n d yTq \ $Xwy T q Cq+,
# > e{& X \TZT +<, VjTêq eT+>+ .
$w \d+ V d< V+deTH yD y q ds <, nHq
eT+sCq Hk< + $< uT $ nH VjTêeT+d~ \T|&&+ >eTHs+.
15) <Xes' jTkdT' bX' y<k + >Ts'
VeeuT C d VjT^yjT eT+>y T
V #sT&q VjT^yes+ sT yH u> y qT nes\
eTTK+> >D+|& <Xes\T d+u$+#sTT. VeeuTE&q
VjTêq eT+>+ .
j VD+.... j y y<+X |V D d nH X VjT^ye
sd #+ qT, VjTê&T V #sT&T VjT^yesyT yTT<{~
VjTê Vee u + VjTs bUq d<+ .
CHeT|T{jT+kqT<bDjT
eTTeTTVTMjT eT<T V+-dT eT+>y T
CqeTH neT | rd= e# @eTT nH jT++e+{ yUq

eTT<qT # <]+qy&T, y#qT *Z+# {\qT \y&q
eT<T d<qTq eT+>+ .
CHeT<+#q\kHyT |T {jT + $TyHyT nH y<+
<\ VjTêkd (23), CjTeq+ V |sTw+ jT+ |X q<T d<q',
k dT $Cj
', d y ys +' nH bsD d dsDj
T +.
10) jTks d e ej Vs~s\+y
eT< VjTesc VjTkUjT eT+>y T
ns+ yTT<\T, Vs+ es >\ nsdeejT+ n+ me
#+~q<, nTe+{y&T, eT< >=| VjTs|+ L&qy&T, VjTê&H
|sT >\y eT+>y T .
<\ Vjêk+ jTH\ MT<.... eTs eTs e+
~ Xs+ uejT+.
11) n<< v je\ X b~+|T jT
yw e eT HcjT yejT eT+>y T
n<e\T, << +> eTV], je\T &T, X |&T yTT<q y]#
d$+|& b<\qT \y&T, yw e T e# (VjT^yw# ) s~+|& y&q
VjTêq eT+>+ .
n <e\T, << veTV] yTT<q y] e+\T eT<T e uVD+,
V<sD<T\ |dT + . je\ eTV] dseT+&+ s] nsTTq
VjTs|&q Xj
T Es< |< +q e++ y<| sD |d< + .
92
VjTêkD
185
186
jT lyk#s (dyk$T) |DyTq
16) XeD<>sjT XeDsY<yjT #

XeD>Vy> lVjkjT eT+>y T
$H deTjT+ ]+q #e\qT \y&T (~ nX+jTT dV >TD+),
XeDq + ne]+qy&T, $q k+|q y\qT nqT>V +# y&q
VjTêq eT+>+ .
\VjTe<qeT+>+
lyk#s k$TysT dyk$T> dT|d< T \ T. MsT >=| d+d
|+&T \T. <\ |\Tk\ <$&+ yK\qT s+#sT. dV C+>
VjT^ybd q MsT VjTê >] |\T k\qT s+#sT.
17) jT{ X \ HY d ' '

djT e$se +d osDXjT eT+>y T
@ VjTê {+ X+e\ n \T djT+> $s$kj,
nTe+{ VjTêq eT+>+ .
1.
eTDeT+&| keT+&HjT eTVjTd

eT+>us D jdT Ts>kjT eT+>y T
eTD e T+& b >=| n\+s + e+{ y & T , # >=| y& T ,
eT+> s y T q us D \qT \y&q VjTêq eT+>+ .
2.
+~s*+>Hq+<<j
T <j
T dyT
dT+<sjT dT|PsjT yejT eT+>y T
\<$ *+>q+e\ *qZ q+< ~> \y&T, dT sTw\
>=| ~, dT+<sT &T, n$<\ |PsT& q VjTêq eT+>+ .
3.
$]+eTTK<y~y<y Uq]D
yU+ jdT y>BX jT eT+>y T
V yTT<q <e\ y<\qT yUH #dy&T, (< d+#)
yUq eTT<qT # \y&q y>BX q eT+>+ .
4.
y y< jT+ k+ bjT eTb+>j '
nqT>V jT+ < s VjTosjT eT+>y T
y y<e TH d+|<q T, eTqdT | nH d+|<q T, {\
nqT>V eTH d+|<q T <] +# VjTêq eT+>+ .
5.
||HujT<jdT ~e<w|<sTTH
<s< <y jT VjT^yjT eT+>y T
qqT XsD > #dq y] nuj
#y&T, ~e<w *+Z #y&T,
y<+< \ s< <e + nsTTq VjTêq eT+>y T .
18) <s$sT<j sseTj seTd #

VT+ y#+ |<HjT VjT^yjT eT+>y T
<s$sT<+ ns, e n< $<+>, y sDyTq
|<X q VjTêq eT+>+ .
19) ds$<|cqV$<|<sTTH
y>Xs XsjdT yejT eT+>y T
n$<\ #se e~ nsTTq V$<qT nqT>V +#y&T, n $<\
n~| nsTTq VjTêq eT+>+ .
20) CHjT CqsbjT CH Cq<sTTH
dse jT lXjT VjT^yjT eT+>y T
C q d s | P & T , C H > T D+> \ y& T , >=| C , C H
nqT>V +#y&T dse TT&T, jT| nsTTq VjTêq eT+>+ .
21) jT <+ lVjTêeT+>+ jT+ |s Y
$<yH <q e+XjTTs ~kU k-X
mesT VjTê eT+> | +& |]k & n&T , $<qT, y,
<H , eT+e+X+ qqT, jTTs ~, kU b+<T&T.
VjTêkD
93
VjTêkD
187
188
6.
CHq+<dTUs>uTeTT~<sTTH
kjT XsD jT y>s DjT eT+>y T
Cq+, q+<+, dTK+, s>+, uT , eTT, yTT<q y #y&T,
qqT XsTT+qy] >=| s &q VjTêq eT+>+ .
7.
><Xs ]u> e <eqTeTTU d<
< q # jTTjT + ue T eT+>y T
><<$, Xs|eTT, u>e<eqTE\T yTT<qy], y<+
<\ L& +& VjTêq + eT+>+ .
8.
jT o lyd s|T yDqTd+VyT
Xj <<T |s + lVjqqeT+>y T
jT> #+~q lyds|Te# nqTd+~+|&q
VjTêeT+>d T #~$qy] XjT dTqT *+Z #T>!
VjTêkD
l VjTe<qkyT
(l >TZ euwD$yT)
>TZ eu wD $ s<ojTT\T. yT b++ # |T w
>eT+ 1902 +#sT. kV~ |\TXk |+&T \T. MsT |\T
s#q \qT #XsT. y{ dT {. M] T\qT swj
T d+d $<|s+ ,
sT| ysT |#T ]+#sT.
1.
CHq+<eTjT+ <e+ s\d{ yT
<s+ ds $<H+ VjTêeTTbdV
2.
Vjqq eTTbdV d{ s+>+ dTf

d+TsTV$ws deTT|$w eTu\jTyT
|dqeT\j*eT+E++ sT`
ssu wD+ q|T d+XwDyT
d{ + e s\yTq <V \y&T, $d+ q \ eTs y+#d
qy&T, #+<eT+&\ eT<dT&T, u\| |dqTs +& \<$
L&T= +&+# eTHVsyT q & \y&T, y<+\qT Xu wD+>
\y&T (y<+ |b<T&T), qqT XsTT+qy] bb\qT m+&>f y &q
VjTê bddT H qT.
3.
yjTT>+ dTsY|<T\s+ k<s+
bjT b+T<! eTsTT # b|L |d
jT<T<s u*X+ qe $Ty#sH eqe+
VddeT+ >Y |~ ] MT&+ |u !
| deTT<+e+{ y&! (n+T |qT \y&!), |u!,
b|L |+ |& +& H| |+#, |< \qT \ HjT T> (
{\qT) <s+ |d] +|Cj
*. {\T u*X&q eqe L&
+ |d< y T q ] \y>, n+<i# b>& &y>, Vd
deqT> #jT >\e.
94
VjTêkD
189
190
4.
Vjd ! e #+~<e jT+#{

eTBjTV<j e|d eTd+ k+|y T
dT<s eTT|ks ~eT\u<| j
T w
ysjT T yT s<T|q+ uy _| yT
z VjTêkMT! #+~e \ <V+T\ deTV+ H
V<jT + e]+, n+{ > + |d] +# nCqs|yT q N{
# <s+ ]$T={*. $eT\yTq ~e<V+e\ *q CqeTH
neT+ qqT J$+|Cd , d+ks deTT<+ |&{ d<+ > +& qqT
y]+#*.
5.
<| VjT+<s! <eT+|T|+sTV`
<jTdsD eT|VA ! q yH $eT&'
<+\d+d+ e\\D+
$ eT+ < -|V $TVd k< d'
VjT^y! HqT eT&T &H |$yT q b<|< <jTdsDqT L&
nj! #jT<! nsTTH, & y+#d q~, q\\Tee+{, #*+#
n+<yT q qT\qT *qZ ~ (sT DqT e]+# qT\qT *qZ ~) nsTTq \<$
<]+q sTy HqT m+e+ H sD| ujT+ y&H HqT.
(\|sTws+e\ H sD | \_dT + <H <s + sj
T +> HqT.)
6.
$<dXds |b\|+&+ s'
#T]s| |d+ <eX+K# <
<< q eTT|<X < |jT eTT~+ y+
ds$T VjT+<s + eT\jdeT+ udTsyT
\, |$yTq p\TqT *Zqy&T, $X\yTq b\u>+ }s
|+& <]+qy&T, H\TZ #T\ |d, \ X+U, #,
|<X # |$yT q eTT<qT (|<X eTT<qT) <] + +&y&T, \<$
L& +& y& |+#y&T, y nsTTq VjTê d]dTH qT.
7.
eTDe*sTsjTs`
DY q+ D |eTTKu wD\+'
dT<+XsTs+s' H]V s |uT '
eTe| <T]<+ <T+ VsT ysedq'
VjTêkD
+, eTDV s\T, n+<yT q s\T b~q n+><\T, eT<T s+>

< +# +>sT +D\T yTT<q ~yus D \ n\+]+|&qy&T, #+<T
e eTHVsyT q , |+# ek <] +qy&T, T\ ] V]+#y&T,
n++ > V]+#*.
8.
Vjqq! ue Y|< < jT|j |jT w+
deTT<s $<jT e+ jT~V Xu+ jTH >TDH
#TsTKXT|eTTK<e+<dTH
uy j
T eTVe<s ~~TyTw X' |u !
VjT^y! #sD <jTeTH |<\ neT+qT+& |{q y> (
# s D | < \qT X s TT+# & + <s d q T b+~qy>) # d qqT
<] +#T. |u ! Xu *+Z #$, V+<~ <e\ deTV+# dT +|&q$
nsTTq >TD\qT HqT <s+> *d=q>*qZ y&H , <dT&T (HqT)
]+#&+ X \y&qT >\qT.
9.
{\ eb+ e > X jT #H '
#T sTKdrVd>D~b d ue H
deTdq d\ue$<|jT
deTs +*' qTXq H y!
y\ n~| $ nsTTq z yr! @ Je\T { X b+
neTHs, ysT dsd >, Vd>, >D~| T \T> njsT. nTe+{
dsd <T\qT + qT\T deTdy T q , eT+> |<y T q $<\qT b+<&+
d+ n+* #dys e+<\=\~ dT T \ n]dTH sT.
<Dse ~ <\ VjTê kd ue+.
10
|j~dTdsqTKX|' eTTB
$e]e sTs~e<VA Vs !
eTBjTeT| eqd+ <T]eTd' y|+
Vjqq! <j +T<! <e j X sTD'
nXsb! s_q nsTTq \<$jTT |+# eTTK#+<T
qT+& |{q yH \ y\T>T dV +>H \> +& ~e<V +jTT \< q +
95
VjTêkD
191
192
eT]+ e~#+ ~+~. VjT^y! <jT deTT<+e+{y&! bb\H N

e]+|& q\> +& H eTqdTqT e \ sT D (~e <V +T\
bT>) y>+ > \ &T ` CH b+<T #j *.
11. de |<+T<jTeT| |y <Y ds +
<T eT| yT e T+ V<jT |+&+ uy Y
nV+ # VjT+<s! <esy+|T<jT+
+< &e qd' |eTT~ uy j
T + dsH
VjT^y! b<s$+<<sTT H V<jT|+&+ q+<+
ds+> \T|=q>*Zq~ nsTT, HqT <&yTq eTqdTqT \y&H n
dTesyTq b<<sTT s+s+ d]d >=| q+< b+~qy&qT
>\qT.
12. X] e d<T DZ H >~T eTTT k<s+
des >TD<< sqek< bs+ sY
jT<eTs ! |~yue+ sj
ue+ $TV d|' eT<T' dTeH d+XjT
VjTêkMT! D>TD\qT>] |\T<\q y<+, #
L& >TDdeTT<+ jTT rs b+< jT y# es+
n e]++~. , HqT @e+ uj
T + y&H, + >=+ y&H,
eT$eq T e<*|{q y&H, (n\yTq ) H T~ qT> |d~ b+~q
yu y \ qT dT d XsTTdTH H! V!
H nj>qT >eT+#+&, y< L& ]+#& k<+
D>TD dT #d qT XsTT+#&+ kVd+ <! ` nH Xs+,
$c<+ nH |<+ <s <e TeTHsTT.
13. nV+ eTeTeT' ss qTe eTeT
Xd |sDy# e D-| H dsY
nX ue k>s |yqV+ <T''
$HXjT Vjqq! |u{ + T + MD Y
VjTêkMT! s\+> nV+s eTeTs\T qqT e<\+&
nqTe]dT H sTT. Xd |sDd\ qT \+H y{ nqTe HqT+&
VjTêkD
=\be&+ <T . n+<Te\Hq T d+ks deTT<+ |&q y&H, <T'U b+~q

y&qjqT. H y$ s~ nsTTq nV+s eTeTs\qT e e
{+ q+|Cj
*.
14. Xr]|< <+<| ># yT uyY
|e<eX' Y d* q eb|<y T
<+ <T]s' | bX< '
d+ > eTy|j+ ue <qT>V + + $H
VjT^y! HqT X$VyT q es+Z n w+ d+#]+H,
|e<eX+# m& # m|& deTjT+ HX *Z+#
=TbT H \T>e#T. (n+<Te\ H |jTyTMT qqT s+#<T)
bb\ \jT+, | +<\# +~+|&q qT \y&Hq HqT
eTVT\T nqTd]+q d<Z (|e) n~rjTyTq , sT yT q sT D
< @$<+ > b+<>\ qT! ( sT De\H b<\ || #jT >\qT)
15. Vjqq! yq| XeTsT T VcEc
eTXw eT|T d+|T eT||qT< qs' '
<+#jT ] eT|\eqeT`
|' X|< eTe|T k |y <eV
VjTêkMT! Vc< Xs|yT q ~, |$yT q ~. < mesT
d$ks ($+{s) y] deTd b|de TV Vcse+ q+|#d T + ~.
nqsq \ qT nqT>V dT+ ~. ] L& *dZ T + ~. deTd +qT eq
d~d T + ~. eTVq+< *+Z # Vcse+ H #e\ L& $V]+#*.
16. s<jTdeTT<|~X+K# uyH
$X\$X<dTd{+ ss!
$u Xs< + T< <* \Xu< T '
C+#\deTT<Z<TeT~+<Tuke
V! s +&T #T \ |d< y T q X+K#\qT <] +qy&e, $X\yTq ,
$T*> |+#, _qd{ + jTT +e+{ + \y&e, Xs \
#+<Te+{y&e, $&Bdq <~|+e \ + \y&yq e
dMT|+ <sTT+q +T\ $s ds#+<T\qT \y&e>
96
VjTêkD
193
194
VjTêkD
lVjTe<q||'
uddT H e. (#+ dsT>, X+K+ #+<T> uddT q ~ ` n ns+ .

esq ~ed] d |d< + )
17. eTeT V~ d + Vjqq! + ed jT< V<jT + X MTjY
n\TweT<sTTq+ ue ++ V~ \jT jTeTV+ jT< # u
VjT^y! H V<jT + |$q T b+< H V<jT + d<
ed+#T. |]X< CH *Z+#y&yq qT u H V<jT+
<dTHqT.
18. <V yT H< y~+ sde <+uD yT
jTT ss> yTXs+ qeTd VjT+<s!
VjTêkMT! H<! H y~ , sde +q y\ n_e~,
jTTdTqT, s>, Xs nqT>V +#T. qeTks+.
19. CH_e~d+ b| VjqqqTdyT
e<Y d |<<+< >Z euwD'
>TeZ u wD $ CH_e~ b| d+ VjTêdT e*qT
k$T b<< +<+ deT]+#&T.
(sTeT\ s+>H<XsD |D)

lsTeT\ s+>H<X s >sT eTVuq>sY b++ysT. MsT \T>T,
d+d + |\T k\qT s+#sT. MsT eTT~+q kde TT#j
T ' nH
>+<+ qT+& |dT k+ d]+|&+~.
1. d{#\du~eqT+ <uwkeTsyT
V |T e eTV+ \jT |T jT Xu+ |T {+*H
d{ |s+e+{ ~eyTq <V \y&T, * n+<\ de&
\T|&q keTy<y\qT \y&T, VjTsdTqT \y&q u>yqT
n+* #d eT+> *+Z #eT b]dT H qT.
2. { sD~e|<+ Vsj
_ d $T<yT
V |T {e j
-uT ~+ |uT eTV' |$XY V~ q'
qyV qT+& ]+|C d ~eyTq b<\qT *qZ Vsj
>T\ #
<]+|&q d yTq , VjTê s|+ $s$ +q ~eyTq dT
H V<jT + |y +q< |++~.
3. VjTosH eT~esT ' ue k>s sDue ]'
dT~ d $TV d++ d\ + V q' sd + d| \ yT
VjTê&H >=| \e+ d+ksde TT< <{+# >=| | e+{~.
\e+ + eTVjTT\ dT+e\ ne]++~. eTq
deTd+ s eT\+.
4. V eqTwq dT<Tsu + neT< Hs| ks yT
uek>ssD ue]+ u<<s VjTos$uTyT
+ eqeq # <Tsu e T *d, qjTT ks >V +,
d+ks deTT< <&+ | e+{y&q VjTêk$T u u +#+&.
5. ue <T<s D jT b\~' VjTos @w eT+ V <<
n @e >Ts ]V d |j VjTos @e V$su Y
bdeTT<T&q VjTê&T $TeTT\qT <]+#&+d+ XsTT+#T
=H&T <! n+<Te\H VjTê k$T #sd |sD+> &
+ $s$ +#&T.
97
VjTêkD
195
196
leH .+. s+>seqTC#s k$T |DyTq
VjTêkD
VjTêq |jT Ts! d\ <jT \ kqyTq <H! Xwy T q eTTe\

de&# < +|#j
T &q # y<| T w \<H! <e d\ jTT eT<T syT q
b\ # yT\&q<H! sTqe |+#T<H! dT|u eTT.
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l <+& leTHsjTD |<J jTsT k$Ty] &uT +>, \|>
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kMT! <Tse TT.
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z Vjqq kMT! yT\T=\T|.
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eT+ >+ ewus eTb+ # +uy T
+ d$T+ < ~j
T ' eTTqjTX <y'
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s|&T #THsT. z Vjqq kMT! yT\T=\T|.
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ns eTT dsu> y qT qeTd]+#T#THsT (ns |<qeTT #jT T#THsT).
z \Vjqq kMT! yT\T=\T|.
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eT+<~useV! Ls! eTV esV!
l eTqd+V! *u+ ! yeTHK!
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d+k|HseT| <s syMT
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101
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VjT^ekD

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RAVI MOHAN RAO, M.Sc., M.A.,

D.T.P. by :L.Durga Prasad,

Karshak Art Printers,

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