MAPA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Muralla St. Intramuros, Manila

School of Civil, Environmental and Geological Engineering

FIELD WORK NOS. 1 & 2

DETERMINING THE AREA OF A POLYGONAL
FIELD USING DIFFERENT FORMULAS FOR
AREA

COURSE AND SECTION: CE 120-0F/B2

SUBMITTED BY:
NAME: Timbol, Maverick,D.

STUDENT NUMBER: 2014103526

GROUP NO: 8

CHIEF OF PARTY:

DATE OF FIELDWORK: 21 JULY 2016

DATE OF SUBMISSION: 28 JULY 2016

SUBMITTED TO:
PROFESSOR: ENGR. BIENVENIDO CERVANTES

GRADE

Research
Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the
terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between
them. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. These points are usually
on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps and
boundaries for ownership, locations like building corners or the surface location of
subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such as
property sales.
Surveyors work with elements of geometry, trigonometry, regression analysis, physics,
engineering, metrology, programming languages and the law. They use equipment like
total stations, robotic total stations, GPS receivers, retroreflectors, 3D scanners, radios,
handheld tablets, digital levels, drones, GIS and surveying software.
Surveying has been an element in the development of the human environment since the
beginning of recorded history. The planning and execution of most forms of construction
require it. It is also used in transport, communications, mapping, and the definition of
legal boundaries for land ownership. It is an important tool for research in many other
scientific disciplines.
Discussion
In this fieldwork, we determined the area of a specific lot using the tape. When
measuring the sides, the tape was sagging a little bit, we did the break-the-tape method
wherein we would measure 5 meters initially then another 5 meters and so on as it
reaches the end point. The sagging of the measuring tape during the field work is a big
problem in this engineering surveying method. The measuring tape still gave us a notso-accurate measurement because of the sags during the process. We were to draw a
pentagon shape in the field. We can pick how big the lot would be. This field work was
easy since we were only tasked to measure the lot and determines its area with various
methods. The lot that we measured wasnt that too big or too small. Measuring the sides
would require the 50-meter tape, a plumb bub, range pole, and a pair of chalk. Acquiring
the lengths/horizontal distance of the sides of the pentagonal lot using this engineering
method may be difficult but it is crucial for us to know the basic techniques in surveying
a field.

FINAL DATA SHEET

Line AB= 14.95m

Line BC = 20.70m
Line CD = 15.18m
Line DE = 12.42m
Line EA = 18.17m

Line AC = 29.67m
Line AD = 27.83m

Use Cosine Law to determine the angles of the vertices

c2 = a2 + b2 2ab cos C
Sample computation for Angle A in triangle I:
C = arccos (1.52 + 1.22 0.312)
2(1.5)(1.2)
Angle A = 20

Computing for the area:

A = (0.5) ab sin
For ADE

For ACD

A = (0.5) (27.83m)(18.17m) sin

20

A = (0.5) (29.67m)(27.83m) sin

30.23

A = 86.47m2

A = 207.86m2
For ABC

A = (0.5) (14.95m)(29.67m) sin 40.03

A = 143.83m2
TALOT = 86.47 m2 + 207.86 m2 + 143.83 m2
TALOT = 438.16m2

TOTAL AREA OF THE PENTAGONAL LOT:

TALOT = 119.82m2 + 365.18m2 + 299.79m2
TALOT = 784.8m2
Computing for the area:
A = 1 bh
2
For AED (h = 6.21m)

For ACD (h = 27.54m)

A = 1 (27.83m)(6.21m)
2

A = 1 (15.18m)(27.54m)
2

A = 86.41m2

A = 209.03m2
For ABC (h = 9.69m)

A = 1 (29.67m)(9.69m)
2
A = 143.75m2
TOTAL AREA OF THE PENTAGONAL LOT:
TALOT = 86.41 m2 + 209.03 m2 + 143.75 m2
TALOT = 439.19m2

Computing for the area:

For AED

For ACD

S = 27.83m + 12.42m + 18.17m

2

S = 29.67m + 15.18m + 27.83m

2

S = 29.21m

S = 36.34m

Area =
Area =
[29.21 ( 29 .2127.83 ) ( 29.2112.42 )( 29.2118.17 ) ][36.34 (36.3415.18 )( 36.3415.18 ) ( 36.3427.83 ) ]
Area = 86.44 m2

Area = 208.92 m2

For ABC
S = 14.95m + 20.7m + 29.67m
2
S = 32.66m
Area = [32.66 ( 32.6614.95 ) (32.6620.7 )( 32.6629.67 ) ]
Area = 143.82 m2
TOTAL AREA OF THE PENTAGONAL LOT:
TALOT = 86.44 m2 + 208.92 m2 + 143.82 m2
TALOT = 439.18m2

CONCLUSION
The Law of Cosines (also called the Cosine Rule) is very useful for solving triangles:

The Law of Cosines (interchangeably known as the Cosine Rule or Cosine Law) is a
generalization of the Pythagorean Theorem in that a formulation of the latter can be
obtained from a formulation of the Law of Cosines as a particular case. However, all
proofs of the former seem to implicitly depend on or explicitly consider the Pythagorean
Theorem. For example, to be comprehensive, i.e. to cover the case = 0, the proof
below should consider this case separately as it does not follow from the other two
(<90 and >90). Thus, in the course of the proof of the Cosine Rule one proves directly
the Pythagorean Theorem. For this reason I have difficulty asserting that the Cosine
Rule implies the Pythagorean Theorem. I'll be extremely curious to learn of any proof of
the Cosine Rule completely independent of the Pythagorean Theorem.
If the original triangle is not right, one may still inquire as to the relationship between the
lengths of the sides. To be specific, take as given a and b, the lengths of sides BC and
AC, respectively, and consider the length, c, of side AB, as a function of , the
magnitude of the angle at C. We will need the two additional forms of the "power of the
point" theorem: If two such secant lines cut the same circle, the product of the distances

along each to the near and far intersection points is the same for each secant; If two
chords of a circle intersect in the interior of the circle, then the product of the distances
from the intersection point to the circle in each direction along one chord is the same as
the analogous product of the distances to the circle along the other chord.