4.5.

Pengaruh performance pesawat

terhadap panjang landasan
Panjang dasar landasan ditentukan oleh performance
characteristics pesawat yang akan memakai landasan. Untuk
itu ditinjau beberapa kasus :
Piston engine
1. Kasus pendaratan
normal
2. Kasus kerusakan
mesin saat take off

Turbine engine
1
2
3

Kasus pendaratan normal

Kasus take off normal
Kasus kerusakan mesin
saat take off

PENDARATAN NORMAL

Safety coeficient
stop

50 ft
(15m)
60 % LD (Stop distc)
LD

RUNWAY (full strength pavement)

LD: Landing distance

Kasus pergerakan pesawat yg bermasalah: overshoot dan poor approach

Lepas landas normal

Vlof
35 ft (10.5 m)

LOD
115% LOD
D35
115% D35 (TOD)

L
CWY

TOR
RUNWAY

LOD

: LIFT OF DISTANCE

TOR

: TAKE OFF RUN

TOD

: TAKE OFF DISTANCE

CLEARWAY

MAX CWY

: 0.5 (TOD-115% LOD)

: 0.5 L

MIN
150 M

Kasus kerusakan mesin

V2
V1

Vr

Vlof
35 ft

TOR

ACVI

SWY
DSD

LOD

L
ASD
CWY
D35 (TOD)

CLEARWAY

Runway

STOPWAY

ACV1 Accelerate to V1

DSD Decelerate Stop Distance

ASD Accelerate Stop Distance
Max CWY = 0,5 (TOD LOD) = 0,5 L
V1 = decision speed (critical engine failure speed)
V2 = initial climb out speed
Vr = rotation speed
Vlof = lift off speed
Faktor yg mempengaruhi panjang runway:
1. Persyaratan kinerja pesawat dan operator
2. Lingkungan bandara: suhu, angin, gradien rw, ketinggian rw,
basah/kering rw
3. Elemen penyusun berat pesawat saat t.o. dan ld.

RANGKUMAN PERHITUNGAN PANJANG

LANDASAN UNTUK PESAWAT BERMESIN TURBIN

NORMAL TAKE OFF CASE

FL = FS + CL
CL = 0,5 (T.OD 1,15 LOD)
TOD = 1,15 (D35)
FS = TOR
TOR = TOD CL

FL : Field Length
CL : Clear way
TOD : Take Off.Dist
LOD : Lift Off.Dist
FS : Full strength pav.
TOR : Take Off Run
D35 : Dist. to 35
SW : Stop Way
DAS : Accelerate Stop Dist
LD : Landing Dist.
SD : Stop Dist.

 ENGINE FAILURE TAKE OFF

CASE
FL = FS + CL
CL = 0,50 (TOD LOD)
TOD = D35
FS = TOR
TOR = TOD CL
ENGINE FAILURE ABORTED
TAKE OFF
FL = FS + SW
FL = DAS
NORMAL LANDING CASE
FS = LD
LD = SD / 0,60

FL : Field Length
CL : Clear way
TOD : Take Off Distance
LOD : Lift Off Distance
TOR : Take Off Run
D35 : Distance to 35
SW : Stop Way
DAS : Accelerate Stop Dist
LD : Landing Distance
SD : Stop Distance

CONTOH :
Tentukan panjang landasan dasar berserta komponen2nya
untuk pesawat bermesin jet dg. karakteristik kinerja pesawat
sbb :
Normal take off-Lift Of Dist
Distance To Height of 35 ft
Engine Failure Take Off-lift off Dist
Engine Failure-dist to height of 35 ft
Eng. Failure Aborted t.o acc stop Dist
Landing Stop Distance

(LOD)
(D35)
LOD
D35
DAS
(SD)

=
=
=
=
=
=

7000
8000
8200
9100
9500
5000

ft
ft
ft
ft
ft
ft

PENYELESAIAN :
NORMAL TAKE OFF
TOD
CL
TOR

= 1,15 (D35) = 1,15 x 8000 = 9200 FT

= 0,50 [ TOD 1,15 (LOD)] = 0,50 [9200 - 1,15
(7000)] = 575 FT
= TOD CL = 9200 575 = 8625 FT

ENGINE FAILURE TAKE OFF

TOD
CL
TOR

=
=
=
=

D35 = 9100 FT
0,50 (TOD LOD) = 0,50 (9100 8200)
450 FT
TOD CL = 9100 450 = 8650 FT

ENGINE FAILURE ABORTED TAKE OFF

DAS
= 9500 FT
LANDING

LD

= SD / 0,60 = 5000 / 0,60 = 8333 FT

FL
FS
SW
CL

= MAX (TOD=9200, DAS=9500, LD= 8333) = 9500 FT

= MAX (TOR=8650, LD=8333 ) = 8650 FT
= DAS MAX (TOR, LD) = 9500 8650 = 850 FT
= MIN [ (FL DAS), CL) = MIN [ (9500 9500), 450,
575]
= 0 FT

850

8,650
10,350

850

4.6. Declared Distance

TORA : Take Off Run Available
TODA : Take Off Distance Available
ASDA : Accelerate Stop Distance
Available
LDA : Landing Distance Available

Kasus 1
Runway tidak dilengkapi stopway/
clearway dan threshold terletak di
ujung runway

TORA=TODA=ASDA=LDA

Kasus 2
Runway dilengkapi clearway

CWY

TORA=ASDA=LDA
TODA

Kasus 3
Runway dilengkapi dengan Stopway,

SWY
TORA=TODA=LDA
ASDA

Kasus 4
Threshold runway dipindah,
berpengaruh pada LDA dari arah
pendekatan yang dibuat

LDA
TORA=TODA=ASDA

Kasus 5
Pada kondisi dimana terdapat lebih
dari satu elemen ini (CWY, SWY atau
displaced threshold)

SWY

LDA
TORA
ASDA
TODA

CWY

Contoh
Displacement
threshold
displacement

threshold

clearway
350 m 150 m

clearway
580 m

1850 m

stopway

Runway

09

27

300 m
stopway

Runway extremity
Runway

TORA(m)

ASDA(m)

09
27

2000
2000

2300
2350

TODA(m)
2580
2350

LDA(m)
1850
2000