Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mc lc
Li ni u
1.1
1.2
Mt s loi h c bn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2 Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
2.1
Cu 1 n cu 30 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2
Cu 31 n cu 60 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
2.3
Cu 61 n cu 90 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.4
Cu 91 n cu 120 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
2.5
Cu 121 n cu 150 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
2.6
Cu 151 n cu 180 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
2.7
Cu 181 n cu 210 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
2.8
2.9
228
Li ni u
H phng trnh i s ni chung v h phng trnh i s hai n ni ring l mt phn
quan trng ca phn i s ging dy THPT . N thng hay xut hin trong cc k thi hc
sinh gii v k thi tuyn sinh i hc - Cao ng.
Tt nhin gii tt h phng trnh hai n khng phi n gin . Cn phi vn dng tt
cc phng php, hnh thnh cc k nng trong qu trnh lm bi. Trong cc k thi i hc, cu
h thng l cu ly im 8 hoc 9.
y l mt ti liu tuyn tp nhng kh dy nn ti trnh by n di dng mt cun sch
c mc lc r rng cho bn c d tra cu. Cun sch l tuyn tp khong 400 cu h c sc,
t n gin, bnh thng, kh, thm ch n nh v kinh in. c bit, y hon ton l
h i s 2 n. Ti mun khai thc tht su mt kha cnh ca i s. Nu coi Bt ng thc
3 bin l phn p nht ca Bt ng thc, mang trong mnh s uy nghi ca mt ng hong th
H phng trnh i s 2 n li mang trong mnh v p gin d, trong sng ca c gi thn
qu lm say m bit bao g si tnh.
Xin cm n cc bn, anh, ch, thy c trn cc din n ton, trn facebook ng gp v
cung cp rt nhiu bi h hay. Trong cun sch ngoi vic a ra cc bi h ti cn lng thm
mt s phng php rt tt gii. Ngoi ra ti cn gii thiu cho cc bn nhng phng php
c sc ca cc tc gi khc . Mong y s l mt ngun cung cp tt nhng bi h hay cho
gio vin v hc sinh.
Trong qu trnh bin son cun sch tt nhin khng trnh khi sai st.Th nht, kh nhiu
bi ton ti khng th nu r ngun gc v tc gi ca n. Th hai : mt s li ny sinh trong
qu trnh bin son, c th do li nh my, cch lm cha chun, hoc trnh by cha p do
kin thc v LATEX cn hn ch. Tc gi xin bn c lng th. Mong rng cun sch s hon
chnh v thm phn s. Mi kin ng gp v sa i xin gi v theo a ch sau y :
Chng 1
Mt s phng php v cc loi h c
bn
1.1
1.2
Mt s loi h c bn
A. H phng
( trnh bc nht 2 n
ax + by = c (a2 + b2 6= 0)
I. Dng
a0 x + b0 y = c (a02 + b02 6= 0)
II. Cch gii
1. Th
2. Cng i s
3. Dng th
4. Phng php nh thc cp 2
B. H phng
( trnh gm mt phng trnh bc nht v mt phng trnh bc hai
ax2 + by 2 + cxy + dx + ey + f = 0
I. Dng
a0 x + b 0 y = c
II. Cch gii: Th t phng trnh bc nht vo phng trnh bc hai
C. H phng trnh i xng loi I
I. Du hiu
i vai tr ca x v y cho nhau th h cho khng i
II. Cch gii:
Thng ta s t n ph tng tch x + y = S, xy = P (S 2 4P )
D. H phng trnh i xng loi II
I. Du hiu
i vai tr ca x v y cho nhau th phng trnh ny bin thnh phng trnh kia
II. Cch gii:
Thng ta s tr hai phng trnh cho nhau
E. H ng cp
I. Du hiu
(
ax2 + bxy + cy 2 = d
ng cp bc 2
a0 x2 + b0 xy + c0 y 2 = d0
(
ax3 + bx2 y + cxy 2 + dy 3 = e
ng cp bc 3
a0 x3 + b0 x2 y + c0 xy 2 + d0 y 3 = e0
II. Cch gii:
Thng ta s t x = ty hoc y = tx
Ngoi ra cn mt loi h na ti tm gi n l bn ng cp, tc l hon ton c th a
v dng ng cp c .Loi h ny khng kh lm, nhng nhn nhn ra c n cn phi
kho lo sp(xp cc hng t ca phng trnh li. Ti ly mt v d n gin cho bn c
x3 y 3 = 8x + 2y
Gii h :
x2 3y 2 = 6
Vi h ny ta ch vic nhn cho v vi v s to thnh ng cp. V khi ta c quyn
chn la gia chia c 2 v cho y 3 hoc t x = ty
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Chng 2
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
2.1
Cu 1 n cu 30
Cu 1
(x y) (x2 + y 2 ) = 13
(x + y) (x2 y 2 ) = 25
Gii
Cu 2
x3 8x = y 3 + 2y
x2 3 = 3 (y 2 + 1)
Gii
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
6y = 6
y = 1, x = 3
y = 1, x = 3
r
6
6
y=
, x = 4
13
r
r 13
13y 2 = 6
6
6
y=
,x = 4
13
13
r !
r !
r
r
6
6
6
6
;
;
Vy h cho c nghim :(x; y) = (3; 1), (3; 1), 4
, 4
13
13
13
13
Cu 3
x2 + y 2 3x + 4y = 1
3x2 2y 2 9x 8y = 3
Gii
3 7
y=0x=
2
3.P T (1) P T (2) y 2 + 4y = 0
3 7
y = 4 x =
2
!
!
3 7
3 7
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;0 ,
; 4
2
2
Cu 4
x2 + xy + y 2 = 19(x y)2
x2 xy + y 2 = 7 (x y)
Gii
Nhn xt v tri ang c dng bnh phng thiu, vy ta th thm bt a v dng bnh
phng xem sao. Nn a v (x y)2 hay (x + y)2 . Hin nhin khi nhn sang v phi ta s
chn phng n u
(x y)2 + 3xy = 19(x y)2
H cho tng ng
(x y)2 + xy = 7 (x y)
t x y = a v xy = b ta c h mi
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2.1 Cu 1 n cu 30
b = 6a
a2 + b = 7a
xy =0
a = 0, b = 0
xy = 0
xy =1
a = 1, b = 6
xy = 6
x = 0, y = 0
x = 3, y = 2
x = 2, y = 3
Cu 5
x3 + x3 y 3 + y 3 = 17
x + xy + y = 5
Tu
n
Gii
in
a 3ab + b = 17
a = 2, b = 3
xy = 3
x+y =3
a+b=5
a = 3, b = 2
xy = 2
x = 2, y = 1
x = 1, y = 2
x(x + 2)(2x + y) = 9
x2 + 4x + y = 6
y
n
Cu 6
Gii
Ng
u
y l loi h t n tng
rt quen thuc
tch
(x2 + 2x) (2x + y) = 9
H cho tng ng
(x2 + 2x) + (2x + y) = 6
t x2 + 2x = a v 2x + y = b ta c h mi
2
ab = 9
x + 2x = 3
x = 1, y = 1
a=b=3
a+b=6
2x + y = 3
x = 3, y = 9
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1), (3; 9)
Cu 7
xy = 3
x
+
y
x+1+ y+1=4
Gii
10
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
p
(2) x + y + 2 + 2 xy + x + y + 1 = 16
M t (1) ta c x + y = 3 + xy nn
q
xy = 9
x=y=3
(2) 3 + xy + 2 + 2 xy + xy + 4 = 16 xy = 3
x+y =6
Cu 8
Tu
n
x
+
5
+
y 2 = 7
x2+ y+5=7
Gii
i xng loi II. Khng cn g ni. Cho 2 phng trnh bng nhau ri bnh phng tung
te ph s kh chu ca cn thc
iu kin : x, y 2
T 2 phng trnh ta c
Thay li ta c
in
p
p
x+5+
x 2 = 7 x = 11
y
n
Ng
u
p
2 + y2 +
x
2xy
=
8
2
x+ y =4
Cu 9
Gii
p
2(x2 + y 2 ) + 2 xy = 16
2 (x2 + y 2 ) = x + y x = y
x + y + 2 xy = 16
Thay li ta c : 2 x = 4 x = 4
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2.1 Cu 1 n cu 30
11
Cu 10
6x2 3xy + x = 1 y
x2 + y 2 = 1
Tu
n
Gii
x
2y xy = 0
x 1 + 4y 1 = 2
Cu 11
in
Mt cch trc gic khi nhn thy h cha tam thc bc 2 l th xem liu c phn tch c
thnh nhn t hay khng ? Ta s th bng cch tnh theo mt n c chnh phng hay
khng. Ngon lnh l PT(1) x p nh tin.
Phng trnh u tng
ng (3x 1)(2x y + 1) = 0
2 2
1
Vi x = y =
3
3
"
x = 0, y = 1
4
3
Vi y = 2x + 1 x2 + (2x + 1)2 = 1
x = ,y =
! 5
5
1 2 2
4 3
;
, (0, 1), ;
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) =
3
3
5 5
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
T phng trnh u ta c :
x+ y
x 2 y = 0 x = 4y
Thay vo (2) ta c
x1+ x1=2x=2
1
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = 2;
2
Cu 12
xy+ x + y= x2 2y 2
x 2y y x 1 = 2x 2y
Gii
iu kin : x 1, y 0
Phng trnh u tng ng
(x + y) (2y x + 1) = 0
x = y
x = 2y + 1
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12
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Tu
Cu 13
x+1+ y+2=6
x + y = 17
Gii
iu kin x, y 1
in
x+1+ y+2=6
H cho tng ng
(x + 1) + (y + 2) = 20
t x + 1 = a 0, y + 2 = b 0. H cho tng ng
a+b=6
a = 4, b = 2
x = 15, y = 2
2
2
a + b = 20
a = 2, b = 4
x = 3, y = 14
y 2 = (5x + 4)(4 x)
y 2 5x2 4xy + 16x 8y + 16 = 0
uy
n
Cu 14
Gii
Vi y = 0 th suy ra : (5x + 4) (4 x) = 0
y=0
y = 2x + 4
x=4
Ng
4
5
Vi y = 2x + 4 th suy ra (2x + 4)2 = (5x
+
4)(4
x)
x=0
4
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (4; 0), ; 0 , (0; 4)
5
Cu 15
x=
x2 2xy + x + y = 0
x4 4x2 y + 3x2 + y 2 = 0
Gii
H cho tng ng
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2.1 Cu 1 n cu 30
13
x2 + y = x(2y 1)
x2 (2y 1)2 + 3x2 (2y 1) = 0 x2 (2y 1)(2y 4) = 0
2
(x2 + y) + 3x2 (1 2y) = 0
Tu
n
x = 0, y = 0
1
y = (L)
2
y = 2, x = 1 2
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 0), (1; 2), (2; 2)
Cu 16
x + y + xy(2x + y) = 5xy
x + y + xy(3x y) = 4xy
Gii
Vi xy = 0 x + y = 0 x = y = 0
Vi x = 2y 1
xy = 0
x = 2y 1
in
y = 1, x =
y = 9 41 , x = 1 + 41
(2y 1) + y + (2y 1)y(5y 2) = 5(2y 1)y
20
10
9 + 41
41 1
y=
,x =
20
10
!
!
1 + 41 9 41
41 1 9 + 41
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 0), (1; 1),
;
,
;
10
20
10
20
Ng
u
y
n
Cu 17
x2 xy + y 2 = 3
2x3 9y 3 = (x y)(2xy + 3)
Gii
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14
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
p
x
+
y
+
x
y
=
1
+
x2 y 2
x+ y =1
Cu 18
Gii
iu kin :x y 0
Phng trnh u tng ng
x+y1=
xy x+y1
x = 1 y
x+y =1
xy =1
x= 1+y
p
x(y + 1)
in
Cu 19
2x y = 1 +
x3 y 2 = 7
Tu
y = 0, x = 1
1y+ y =1
y = 1, x = 0(L)
T
y+1+ y =1
y = 0, x = 1
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 0)
Gii
uy
n
iu kin : x(y + 1) 0
T (2) d
y 1
thyx > 0
(1)
x y+1 2 x+ y+1 =0x=y+1
(y + 1)3 y 2 = 7 y = 1, x = 2
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (2; 1)
Ng
V d 1 : A = x2 + xy 2y 2 + 3x + 36y 130
Thc ra y l tam thc bc 2 th c th tnh phn tch cng c. Nhng th phn tch
bng Casio xem .
Nhn thy bc ca x v y u bng 2 nn ta chn ci no cng c
Cho y = 1000 ta c A = x2 + 1003x 1964130 = (x + 1990) (x 987)
Cho 1990 = 2y 10 v 987 = y 13
A = (x + 2y 10) (x y + 13)
V d 2 : B = 6x2 y 13xy 2 + 2y 3 18x2 + 10xy 3y 2 + 87x 14y + 15
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2.1 Cu 1 n cu 30
15
Tu
n
in
V d 4 : D = 2x2 y 2 + x3 + 2y 3 + 4x2 + xy + 6y 2 + 3x + 4y + 12
Bc ca x v y nh nhau
Cho y = 1000 ta c D = (x + 2000004) (x2 + 1003)
Cho 2000004 = 2y 2 + 4 v 1003 = y + 3
D = (x + 2y 2 + 4) (x2 + y + 3)
y
n
Ng
u
x2 + y 2 = 1
5
Cu 20
57
4x2 + 3x
= y(3x + 1)
25
Gii
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16
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 21
Tu
Gii
Li gii gn p nht ca bi ny l
a1 x2 + b1 y 2 + c1 xy + d1 x + e1 y + f1 = 0
a2 x2 + b2 y 2 + c2 xy + d2 x + e2 y + f2 = 0
uy
n
Tng Qut:
in
Gii
Ng
Hin nhin nhn xt y l h gm hai tam thc bc hai. M nhc n tam thc th khng
th khng nhc ti mt i tng l . Mt tam thc phn tch c nhn t hay khng
phi xem x hoc y ca n c chnh phng hay khng. Nu h loi ny m t ngay mt
phng trnh ra k diu th chng ni lm g, th nhng c hai phng trnh u ra rt
k cc th ta s lm nh no. Khi UCT s ln ting. Ta s chn hng s thch hp nhn vo
mt (hoc c hai phng trnh) p sao cho chnh phng.
Nh vy phi tm hng s k sao cho P T (1) + k.P T (2) c th phn tch thnh nhn t
t a = a1 + ka2 , b = b1 + kb2 , c = c1 + kc2 , d = d1 + kd2 , e = e1 + ke2 , f = f1 + kf2
S k l nghim ca phng trnh sau vi a 6= 0
cde + 4abf = ae2 + bd2 + f c2
15
49
2.1 Cu 1 n cu 30
17
15
.P T (2) hay 49.P T (1) 15.P T (2)
49
Mt cht lu l khng phi h no cng y cc hng s. Nu khuyt thiu phn no th
cho hng s l 0. Ok!!
Xong dng ny ri. Hy lm bi tp vn dng. y l nhng bi h ti tng hp t nhiu
ngun.
Ng
u
y
n
in
2
x + 8y 2 6xy + x 3y 624 = 0
1.
2
24y 2 30xy 83x + 49y + 585 = 0
21x
2
x + y 2 3x + 4y = 1
2.
2
2y 2 9x 8y = 3
3x
y 2 = (4x + 4)(4 x)
3.
2
2
y 5x 4xy + 16x 8y + 16 = 0
xy 3x 2y = 16
4.
2
2
x2 + y 2x2 4y = 33
x + xy + y = 3
5.
2
x + 2xy2 7x2 5y + 9 = 0
(2x + 1) + y + y = 2x + 3
6.
1
xy2 + x =
2
x + 2y = 2y 2xy + 1
7.
2
y 2 = 2x y + 5
3x + 2xy
(x 1)2 + 6(x 1)y + 4y 2 = 20
8.
2
2
2
x 2+ (2y + 1) =
2
2x + 4xy + 2y + 3x + 3y 2 = 0
9.
2
2
x +2 y + 4xy + 2y = 0
2x + 3xy = 3y 13
10.
2
3y 2 + 2xy = 2x + 11
4x + 3y(x 1) = 7
11.
2
3y
2 + 4x(y 1) = 3
x + 2 = x(y 1)
12.
2
y 2 7 = y(x 2 1)
x + 2xy + 2y + 3x = 0
13.
xy + y 2 + 3y + 1 = 0
Tu
n
Nh vy l P T (1)
Cu 22
x3 y 3 = 35
2x2 + 3y 2 = 4x 9y
Gii
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18
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Gii h:
Tu
- Bc ca x v y l nh nhau
- Cc bin x,y c lp vi nhau
- Phng trnh mt c bc cao hn PT(2)
Nhng nhn xt trn a ta n tng nhn hng s vo PT(2) P T (1) + a.P T (2) a
c v dng hng ng thc A3 = B 3
P T (1) + a.P T (2) x3 + 2ax2 4ax y 3 + 3ay 2 + 9ay 35 = 0
Cn tm a sao cho vtri c dng (x + )3
(y + )3 = 0
3
3
= 35
a = 3
3 = 2a
= 2
Cn bng ta c :
32 = 4a
=3
3
3
Vy P T (1) 3.P T (2) (x 2) = (y + 3)
OK ?? Th mt v d tng t nh
x3 + y 3 = 91
4x2 + 3y 2 = 16x + 9y
Cu 23
x3 + y 2 = (x y)(xy 1)
x3 x2 + y + 1 = xy(x y + 1)
in
Gii
uy
n
Ng
Rt
mn ta tm c x = 1. Thay x = 1 li h ta c
may
2 (y 2 y + 1) = 0
2.P T (2) P T (1) s c nhn t x 1
y2 y + 1 = 0
C th l (x 1) (y 2 (x + 3) y + x2 x 2) = 0
TH1 :x = 1 thay vo th v nghim
TH2: Kt hp thm vi PT(1) ta c h mi :
2
y (x + 3) y + x2 x 2 = 0 (3)
x3 + y 2 x2 y + x + xy 2 y = 0
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2.1 Cu 1 n cu 30
19
Tu
n
1
53 5
TH1 : x = y =
2
4
TH2 : Kt hp vi (3) ta c
2
y (x 1) y + x2 x + 2 = 0
y 2 (x + 3) + x2 x 2 = 0
in
Cu 24
Gii
y
n
Ng
u
TH1 : x
= 22 y = 1
2y + 2xy + 4y 17x 126 = 0
TH2 :
x2 + y 2 + 2x 2y 7 = 0
H ny c cch gii ri nh ??
3.P T (2) P T (1) (x y + 5)2 + 2x2 + x + 80 = 0 (V nghim)
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 1)
Tip theo chng ta s n vi cu VMO 2004.
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20
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 25
x3 + 3xy 2 = 49
x2 8xy + y 2 = 8y 17x
Gii
Tu
P T (1) + 3.P T (2) (x + 1) (x + 1)2 + 3(y 4)2 = 0
3y 2 + 48 = 0
y 2 16 = 0
in
uy
n
y 3 + 3xy 2 = 28
x2 6xy + y 2 = 6x 10y
Ng
Cu 26
Cu 27
6x2 y + 2y 3 + 35 = 0
5x2 + 5y 2 + 2xy + 5x + 13y = 0
1
Gi : P T (1) + 3.P T (2) (2y + 5) 3 x +
2
2
2 !
5
+ y+
=0
2
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2.1 Cu 1 n cu 30
Cu 28
21
x3 + 5xy 2 = 35
2x2 5xy 5y 2 + x + 10y 35 = 0
Cu 29
x3 + 3xy 2 = 6xy 3x 49
x2 8xy + y 2 = 10y 25x 9
Tu
n
3x2 + xy 9x y 2 9y = 0
2x3 20x x2 y 20y = 0
y
n
Cu 30
in
Gii
Ng
u
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22
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
20 (y 1) .P T (1) + 9.P T (2) (x + 2y) 18x2 + 15xy 60x 10y 2 80y = 0
Tu
15 + 145
15 145
; 11 145 ,
; 11 + 145
(x; y) = (0; 0), (2; 1), (10; 15),
2
2
in
uy
n
Ng
Cch s hai rt tt thay th cch 1 trong trng hp khng tm ni cp nghim. Tuy nhin
yu im ca n l khng phi h no dng nh l cng tm c nghim. Ta phi bit kt
hp nhun nhuyn hai cch vi nhau. V hy th dng cch 2 lm cc cu t 23 n 29 xem.
N s ra nghim l hng s.
Lm mt cu tng t na. Ti nu lun hng gii.
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2.2 Cu 31 n cu 60
2.2
23
Cu 31 n cu 60
Cu 31
x2 y 2 + 3x + 3y 3 = 0
x2 y 4xy 3y 2 + 2y x + 1 = 0
Gii
Tu
n
P T (1) (y 1).P T (2) (x + y 1) 3y 2 + xy 2y + 2 = 0
TH1 :
x = 1 y . No problem !!!
3y 2 + xy 2y + 2 = 0
Th2 :
x2 y 4xy 3y 2 + 2y x + 1 = 0
y li l h c bit, ta tm c x = 3 l nghim ca h. Thay vo v rt ra kt qu
PT(1) + PT(2) (x 3) (xy 1) = 0
in
Ng
u
y
n
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24
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 32
x5 + y 5 = 1
x9 + y 9 = x 4 + y 4
Gii
x9 + y 9 = (x4 + y 4 )(x5 + y 5 ) x4 y 4 (x + y) = 0
Cu 33
x3 + 2xy 2 = 12y
8y 2 + x2 = 12
Tu
TH1 : x = 0 y = 1
TH2 : y = 0 x = 1
TH3 : x = y thay vo (1) r rng v nghim
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 0), (0; 1)
in
Gii
x3 + 2xy 2 = y(8y 2 + x2 ) x = 2y
12y 2 = 12 y = 1, x = 2
uy
n
2xy
x2 + y 2 +
=1
x+y
x + y = x2 y
Ng
Cu 34
Gii
iu kin : x + y > 0
R rng khng lm n c t phng trnh (2). Th bin i phng trnh (1) xem
(1) (x + y)2 1 +
2xy
2xy = 0
x+y
(x + y + 1)(x + y 1)
2xy(x + y 1)
=0
x+y
2.2 Cu 31 n cu 60
25
Gi ta xt trng hp cn li. l x + y + 1 =
2xy
x+y
x + y + 1 = 1 x 2 y 2 x2 + y 2 + x + y = 0
Cu 35
Tu
n
2
x3
y 3 = 3(x yp
)+2
2
x + 1 x2 3 2y y 2 + 2 = 0
Gii
iu kin : 1 x 1, 0 y 2
Thng th bi ny ngi ta s lm nh sau. phng trnh (1) mt cht
in
Ng
u
y
n
13
Xt f (x) trn min [1; 1] ta s tm c 3 f (x)
4
p
y+2y
Ta li c : g(y) = 3 y(2 y) 3
=3
2
Vy
f (x) g(y). Du bng xy ra khi
y=1
Thay vo phng trnh u ch c cp (x; y) = (0; 1) l tha mn
x = 1, x = 0
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 1)
Cu 36
x3 3x = y 3 3y
x6 + y 6 = 1
Gii
D thy phng trnh (1) cn xt hm ri, tuy nhin f (t) = t3 3t li khng n iu, cn phi
b thm iu kin. Ta s dng phng trnh (2) c iu kin. T (2) d thy 1 x, y 1.
Vi iu kin r rng f (t) n iu gim v suy ra c x = y
Thay vo (2) ta c
1
2x6 = 1 x =
6
2
1 1
1
1
Vy h cho c nghim :(x; y) =
; ,
;
6
6
6
2 62
2
2
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26
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 37
x3 (2 + 3y) = 1
x(y 3 2) = 3
Gii
Tu
3y + 1 = 1
x3 y = 1
3
x
+ 2 = y3
x
Thay li (1) ta c
x = 1 y = 1
1
x= y=2
2
1
Vy h cho c nghim :(x; y) = (1; 1),
;2
2
"
x2 + y 2 + xy + 1 = 4y
y(x + y)2 = 2x2 + 7y + 2
Cu 38
in
2x3 + 3x2 1 = 0
Gii
uy
n
y=0
Vi y = 0 thay li v nghim
Vi x = 5 y khi phng trnh (1) s tng ng
(y + 5)2 + y 2 y 2 5y + 1 = 4y V L
Ng
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2.2 Cu 31 n cu 60
(
Cu 39
27
x+y
x2 y 2 = 9
xy =
y
2
Gii
p
y2
2x 2 x2 y 2 =
4
n y nhn thy
p
x2 y 2 theo (2) bng 3. Vy suy ra
2x 6 =
y2
y 2 = 8x 24
4
Thay vo (2) ta c
Tu
n
iu kin : y min{x}
y
Ta khng nn t n tng hiu v vn cn st li s lm bi ton kh khn hn. Mt cch
2
trc gic ta bnh phng (1) ln. T (1) ta suy ra
x = 3 y = 0(T M )
x 8x + 15 = 0 x = 5 y = 4(T M )
x = 5 y = 4(T M )
in
x y+1= 5
2
y + 2(x 3) x + 1 =
4
y
n
Cu 40
Gii
Ng
u
iu kin : x, y 1
Khng
quan h c th no. Tm thi ta t n d nhn
tm c mi
t x + 1 = a 0, y + 1 = b 0. H cho tng ng
a2 1 b = 5
2
3
2
2
b 1 + 2a(a 4) =
4
Ta th b =
7
a2 t (1) vo (2) v c :
2
7
a2
2
2
2
+ 2a(a 4) = 0
11
(L)
2
(
1
x=0
a = 2 b = (L)
2
3
5
y=
a = 1 b = (T M )
4
2
1
a = 2 b = (L)
2
a = 3 b =
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28
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 41
p
(x2 + xy + y 2 )px2 + y 2 = 185
(x2 xy + y 2 ) x2 + y 2 = 65
3
0;
4
Tu
Gii
Khi thay li h ta c
(25 xy).5 = 65
x = 3, y = 4
xy = 12
x = 4, y = 3
2
2
x + y = 25
x = 3, y = 4
x = 4, y = 3
in
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (3; 4), (4; 3), (3; 4), (4; 3)
uy
n
r
r
y
x
7
+
= +1
x
y
xy
x xy + y xy = 78
Cu 42
iu kin : xy 0
H cho tng ng
x + y = 7 + xy
xy
xy
xy(x + y) = 78
Ng
t x + y = a,
Gii
xy = b. H cho tng ng
a = 13
x
+
y
=
13
x = 9, y = 4
ab=7
b
=
6
ab = 78
a = 6
xy = 36
x = 4, y = 9
(L)
b = 13
2.2 Cu 31 n cu 60
Cu 43
29
x3 y 3 = 9
x2 + 2y 2 x + 4y = 0
Gii
Dng UCT
P T (1) 3.P T (3) (x 1)3 = (y + 2)3 x = y + 3
Cu 44
Tu
n
8x3 y 3 + 27 = 18y 3
4x2 y + 6x = y 2
Gii
in
3
xy = 2
21 9 5
3 3
2 2
8x y 72x y 108xy + 27 = 0 xy =
21 + 9 5
xy =
4
Ng
u
y
n
Thay vo (1) ta s tm c y v x
y = 0(L)
r
3
3
1
3 8(xy) + 27
y
=
=
x
=
3
18
2
4
r
3
3
1
3 8(xy) + 27
y=
=
3+ 5 x=
3+ 5
18
2
4
3
3
1
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
3 5 ;
53 ,
3+ 5 ; 3+ 5
4
2
4
2
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30
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 45
1
=5
(x + y) 1 +
xy
1
2
2
(x + y ) 1 + 2 2 = 9
xy
iu kin : xy =
6 0
Ta c nhn ra . H tng ng
x2 + y 2 + x + y = 18
x(x + 1)y(y + 1) = 72
uy
n
Cu 46
in
Tu
1
1
1 1
+ y+
=5
x+
x+y+ + =5
x
y
x y
2
2
1
1
1
1
x2 + y 2 +
+
=
9
x+
+ y+
= 13
x2 y 2
x
y
1
1
3
5
x + = 2, y + = 3
x
=
1,
y
=
x
y
2
1
1
3
5
x + = 3, y + = 2
x=
,y = 1
x
y
2
!
!
3 5
3 5
,
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 1;
;1
2
2
Gii
Gii
x = 2, x = 3
y = 3, y = 4
x = 3, x = 4
y = 2, y = 3
Ng
a + b = 18
a = 12, b = 6
y 2 + y = 12
x + x = 12
ab = 72
a = 6, b = 12
y2 + y = 6
Vy h cho c c thy 8 nghim
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2.2 Cu 31 n cu 60
Cu 47
31
x3 + 4y = y 3 + 16x
1 + y 2 = 5(1 + x2 )
Gii
H cho tng ng
x3 16x = y (y 2 4)
y 2 4 = 5x2
x 16x = 5x y
x = 0, y = 2
x2 16
y=
5x
"
x2 = 1
64
x =
31
2
x = 1, y = 3
x = 1, y = 3
(x2 16)
4 = 5x2
25x2
Tu
n
Cu 48
p
xp
+ y 2 x2 = 12 y
x y 2 x2 = 12
in
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 2), (0; 2), (1; 3), (1; 3)
y
n
Gii
2
2
iu kin
p :y x
x y 2 x2 sinh ra t vic ta bnh phng (1). Vy th bm theo hng xem. T (1)
ta suy ta
p
x2 + y 2 x2 + 2x y 2 x2 = (12 y)2
Ng
u
y 2 + 24 = (12 y)2 y = 5
Thay vo (2) ta c
x 25 x2 = 12 x = 3, x = 4
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32
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 49
x4 4x2 + y 2 6y + 9 = 0
x2 y + x2 + 2y 22 = 0
Gii
(7 y)y + 7 y + 2y 22 = 0
Tu
y = 3 x = 2
y=5x= 2
in
Cu 50
x2 + y + x3 y + xy + y 2 x = 5
4
5
x4 + y 2 + xy(1 + 2x) =
4
Gii
uy
n
y l cu Tuyn sinh khi A - 2008. Mt cch t nhin khi gp hnh thc ny l ta tin hnh
nhm cc s hng li
H cho tng ng
2
2
(x + y) + xy =
4
Ng
n y hng i r rng. t x2 + y = a, xy = b ta c
( 2
x +y =0
xy
=
a + b + ab = 5
a = 0, b =
4
4
4
x2 + y = 1
5
1
3
a2 + b =
a = ,b =
2
4
2
2
3
xy =
2
!
r
r
3
3 25
3 5
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) =
;
, 1;
4
16
2
r
5
3
3 25
x = 4 , y = 16
3
x = 1, y =
2
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2.2 Cu 31 n cu 60
Cu 51
33
x2 + 1 + y(y + x) = 4y
(x2 + 1)(x + y 2) = y
Gii
Hng i r rng. t
Tu
n
+x+y2=2
y
x2 + 1
(x + y 2) = 1
y
x2 + 1
= a, x + y 2 = b
y
Cu 52
y + xy 2 = 6x2
1 + x2 y 2 = 5x2
in
H cho tr thnh
2
a+b=2
a=1
x +1=y
x = 1, y = 2
ab = 1
b=1
x+y =3
x = 2, y = 5
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
y
1
2
+y =6
y +y =6
x x
2
x
x
2
1
y
1 + y2 = 5
+
y
2 =5
2
x
x
x
t
y
1
= a, + y = b. H tr thnh
x
x
ab = 6
b2 2a = 5
a=2
b=3
y = 2x
1
+y =3
x
"
x = 1, y = 2
1
x = ,y = 1
2
1
;1
2
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 53
x2 + 2y 2 = xy + 2y
2x3 + 3xy 2 = 2y 2 + 3x2 y
Gii
Tu
T ta c
2y 2 (x2 + 2y 2 xy) = 2y 2x3 + 3xy 2 3x2 y 4y (y x) x2 xy + y 2 = 0
TH1 : y = 0 x = 0
TH2 : x = y = 0
TH3 : x = y thay vo (1) ta c
2y = 2y
x=y=0
x=y=1
Cu 54
in
2x2 y +
y 3 = 2x4 + x6
(x + 2) y + 1 = (x + 1)2
uy
n
Gii
iu kin : y 1
Khai thc t (1). C v nh l hm no . Chn chia cho ph hp ta s c mc ch, y
s chia cho x3 v x = 0 khng l nghim ca h. PT(1) khi s l
2
y
x
y 3
x
= 2x + x3
y
= x y = x2
x
Ng
Thay vo (2) ta s c
(x + 2)
x2
+ 1 = (x + 1) (x + 2)
x + 1 = (x + 1)
3, y = 3(T M )
x=
x = 3, y = 3(T M )
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2.2 Cu 31 n cu 60
Cu 55
35
x5 + xy 4 = p
y 10 + y 6
4x + 5 + y 2 + 8 = 6
Gii
5
4
Thy y = 0 khng l nghim ca h. Chia 2 v ca (1) cho y 5 ta c
iu kin : x
Tu
n
5
x
x
x
+ = y5 + y = y x = y2
y
y
y
Thay vo (2) ta c
4x + 5 +
x + 8 = 6 x = 1 y = 1
Cu 56
xy + x + 1 = 7y
x2 y 2 + xy + 1 = 13y 2
in
x 1
x+ + =7
y y
x
1
x2 + +
=
13
y y2
Gii
- 2009. Cc gii thng thng nht l chia (1) cho y, chia (2)
khng phi l nghim. Ta s c
Ng
u
y
n
1 x
x+ + =7
y
y
a
+
b
=
7
a = 4, b = 3
2
1
x
a2 b = 13
a = 5, b = 12
x+
= 13
y
y
1
x+ =4
y
"
1
x
=
3y
x = 1, y =
3
x + 1 = 5
x = 3, y = 1
y
x = 12y
1
1;
3
, (3; 1)
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36
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 57
x4 + 2x3 y + x2 y 2 = 2x + 9
x2 + 2xy = 6x + 6
Gii
T (1) s tng ng
2
x + x (6x + 6 x ) +
6x + 6 x2
2
3
= 2x + 9
x = 4
x=0
"
y=
VL
17
4
1+x+ 1y =2
x2 y 4 + 9y = x(9 + y y 3 )
Cu 58
in
17
4;
4
2
Tu
x4 + 2x2 (xy) + x2 y 2 = 2x + 9
6x + 6 x2
xy =
2
Gii
uy
n
iu kin : y 1
Khng lm n g c t (1). Xt (2). 1 to th (2) c th phn tch c thnh
x=y
3
(x y) (9 x y ) = 0
x = 9 y3
Ng
Vi x = y thay vo (1) ta s c
a
=
1,
b
=
1
y = 0
a
+
b
=
2
p
p
3
3
2
a + b = 2 a = 1
3 11
1 + y+ 1 y = 2
3, b = 3 +
3 y=6
b0
a = 3 1, b = 3 3
y = 6 3 11
Vi x = 9 y 3 thay vo (1) ta s c
p
p
3
10 y 3 + 1 y = 2
Ta c
p
p
3
3
10 y 3 + 1 y 9 > 2
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2.2 Cu 31 n cu 60
Cu 59
37
xy
+ 1y = y
2 y x 1 y = 1
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : x 1, 0 y 1
Thot nhn bi ton ta thy nh lc vo m cung nhng cn thc. Tuy nhin ch vi nhng
nh gi kh n gin ta c th chm p bi ton
Vit li phng trnh (2) nh sau
2 y x1= y1
T iu kin d thy V T 0 V P
Du bng xy ra khi x = y = 1
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1)
in
Cu 60
p
2+y
2
17
4x
x
p 19 9y = 3
17 4x2 + 19 9y 2 = 10 2x 3y
Gii
iu kin :
17
2
17
, 319
2
19
3
Ng
u
y
n
a + b = 10
a = 5, b = 5
2
2
a 17 b 19
a = 3, b = 7
+
=3
4
6
"
1
x= 2
2x + p17 4x2 = 5
x=2
TH1 :
3y + 19 9y 2 = 5
y = 5 13
6
2x + p17 4x2 = 3
TH2 :
(Loi)
3y + 19 9y 2 = 7
!
!
!
!
1 5 + 13
1 5 13
5 + 13
5 13
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
;
2;
2;
2
6
2
6
6
6
V y l tng gc ca n. Hnh thc n gin hn mt cht
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2.3
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 61 n cu 90
Cu 62
x3 xy 2 + y 3 = 1
4x4 y 4 = 4x y
Tu
p
2+y
2
x
5
x
p 5 4y = 1
Cu 61
5 x2 + 5 4y 2 = x 2y
1
Nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), 2;
2
Gii
in
n y ta rt x3 1 v y 3 1 t (1). C th t (1) ta c
3
x 1 = y3 y2x
y 3 1 = xy 2 x3
y=1
x=0
x=1
y=0
x=y=1
4xy 2 (y x) = xy(x2 y 2 )
x=y
3
1
,x =
y=
4y = y + x
3
3
25
25
3
1
;
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (0; 1), (1; 0), (1; 1),
3
3
25 25
uy
n
Ng
p
p
x + px2 y 2 + x px2 y 2 = 17
4
x x2 y 2 x + x2 y 2
x(x + y) + px2 + xy + 4 = 52
Cu 63
Gii
p
iu kin : x 6= x2 y 2 , x2 y 2 0, x2 + xy + 4 0
Hnh thc bi h c v kh khng b nhng nhng tng th l ht. Ta c th khai thc c
2 phng trnh. Pt(1) c nhiu cch x l : ng cp, t n, lin hp. Ti s x l theo hng
s 3. (1) khi s l
2
2
p
p
x + x2 y 2
x x2 y 2
17
2 (2x2 y 2 )
17
4x
+
=
=
y=
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
x (x y )
x (x y )
4
y
4
5
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2.3 Cu 61 n cu 90
39
p
x2 + xy + 4 = t 0 th (2) tr thnh
t=7
2
t + t = 56
x2 + xy = 45
t = 8(L)
Kt hp li ta c
x = 5, y = 4
4
x = 5, y = 4
y= x
x = 15, y = 12
x2 + xy = 45
x = 15, y = 12
Tu
n
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (5; 4), (5; 4), (15; 12), (15; 12)
Cu 64
p
p
x
+
y
+
x y =2
p
p
y+ x y x=1
Gii
in
x+
3
2xy
= x2 + y
2
x 2x + 9
2xy
= y2 + x
y+ p
3
y 2 2y + 9
Ng
u
Cu 65
y
n
Gii
Hnh thc ca bi h l i xng. Tuy nhin biu thc kh cng knh v li nhn xt thy
x = y = 1 l nghim ca h. C l s nh gi
Cng 2 phng trnh li ta c
!
1
1
x2 + y 2 = 2xy
+p
3
3
x2 2x + 9
y 2 2y + 9
T ta nhn xt c nghim th xy 0 v l 3 t2 2t + 9 2 nn ta nh gi
1 1
2
2
x + y 2xy
+
(x y)2 0
2 2
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40
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
(
Cu 66
x
6 2 = 3x y + 3y
y
p
2 3x + 3x y = 6x + 3y 4
Gii
Tu
iu kin : y 6= 0 , 3x y, 3x + 3x y 0
Phng trnh (1) khi s tng ng
"
p
p
6x 2y = y 3x y + 3y 2 2 (3x y) y 3x y 3y 2 = 0
3x y = y
3y
3x y =
2
in
TH1 :
9y 2
3y
+ y thay tt c vo (2) ta cng s tm
3x y = . T y suy ra y 0 v 3x =
2
4
8
8
c y = x =
9
9
8 8
;
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (4; 4),
9 9
uy
n
TH2 :
Cu 67
(3
x) 2 x 2y 2y 1 = 0
3
x+2+2 y+2=5
Gii
1
2
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
Ng
iu kin : x 2, y
p
p
p
(2 x) 2 x + 2 x = (2y 1) 2y 1 + 2y 1 f ( 2x 1) = f ( 2y 1)
2x =
p
p
3
5 2y + 2 y + 2 = 5
a + 2b = 5
3
2
a + 2b = 9
2y 1 x = 3 2y thay vo (2)
a = 1, b =
2
3 65
23 + 65
a=
,b =
8
4
65 3
23 65
a=
,b =
4
8
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2.3 Cu 61 n cu 90
41
y=2
233 + 23 65
y=
32
233 23 65
y=
32
Vy h cho c nghim
!
23 65 185 233 23 65
23 65 + 185 233 + 23 65
(x; y) = (1; 2),
;
;
16
32
16
32
1 + xy + 1 + x + y = 2
x2 y 2 xy = x2 + y 2 + x + y
Gii
2 2
in
iu kin : xy 1 , x + y 1
Mt cht bin i phng trnh (2) ta s c
Cu 68
Tu
n
x + y = xy
x + y = xy 1
x y + xy = (x + y) + x + y (xy x y)(xy + x + y + 1) = 0
y
n
1 + xy + xy = 2(V L)
Ng
u
Cu 69
3x y
x+ 2
=3
x + y2
x + 3y
y
=0
x2 + y 2
Gii
Ti khng nhm th bi ton ny xut hin trn THTT, tuy nhn hnh thc ca h kh p
mt v gn nh nhng khng h d gii mt cht no. Hng lm ti u ca bi ny l phc
ha. Da vo tng h kh i xng ng thi di mu nh l bnh phng ca Moun m
ta s dng cch ny. Hng gii nh sau
PT(1)+i.PT(2) ta s c
x + yi +
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42
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
z =2+i
z =1i
Tu
(6 x)(x2 + y 2 ) = 6x + 8y
(3 y)(x2 + y 2 ) = 8x 6y
uy
n
Cu 73
Cu 72
16x 11y
x+ 2
=7
x + y2
11x + 16y
y
=0
x2 + y 2
in
Cu 71
5x y
x+ 2
=3
x + y2
x + 5y
y
=0
x2 + y 2
Cu 70
5x
+
7
5y
x+
=7
2
2
x +y
7 5x 5y
y+
=0
x2 + y 2
6x + 8y
x+ 2
=6
x + y2
8x 6y
y+
=3
x2 + y 2
Ng
Phc ha l mt phng php kh hay gii h phng trnh mang tnh nh cao. Khng
ch vi loi h ny m trong cun sch ti s cn gii thiu mt vi cu h khc cng s dng
phc ha kh p mt.
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2.3 Cu 61 n cu 90
Cu 74
43
4x2 y 2 6xy 3y 2 = 9
6x2 y y 2 9x = 0
Gii
Tu
n
TH1 : x = 1 y = 3
TH2 : 4y 2 (x + 1) + 6xy 9 = 0
V x = 0 khng l nghim. Suy ra 4y 2 x(x + 1) + 6x2 y 9x = 0 (*)
V sao nhn x vo y. UCT chng ? Ti ch gii thiu cho cc bn UCT nng cao thi ch
ti ch dng bao gi. L do ch n gin ti mun xut hin 6x2 y 9x = y 2 t (2) thi
x2
y2
1
+
=
2
2
(y + 1)
(x + 1)
2
3xy = x + y + 1
Cu 75
in
Gii
y
n
iu kin x, y 6= 1
Bi ton ny c kh nhiu cch gii. Ti xin gii thiu cch p nht ca bi ny
p dng Bt ng thc AM GM cho v tri ca (1) ta c
2xy
2xy
1
2xy
=
=
=
(x + 1)(y + 1)
xy + x + y + 1
xy + 3xy
2
1 1
Du bng xy ra khi (x; y) = (1; 1), ;
3 3
Ng
u
VT
Cu 76
3y 2 + 1 + 2y(x + 1) = 4y
y(y x) = 3 3y
p
x2 + 2y + 1
Gii
iu kin : x2 + 2y + 1 0
Khng lm n g c t (2). Th bin i (1) xem sao. PT(1) tng ng
2
p
p
4y 2 4y x2 + 2y + 1 + x2 + 2y + 1 = x2 2xy + y 2 2y x2 + 2y + 1 = (x y)2
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44
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
p
x2 + 2y + 1 = 3y x
p 2
x + 2y + 1 = x + y
in
Tu
"
3y x
x = 1, y = 1(T M )
3y x
2
6xy
=
9y
2y
1
415
17
x2 + 2y + 1 = 9y 2 6xy + x2
x=
, y = (T M )
2
xy = y + 3y 3(2)
51
3
p
TH2 : x2 + 2y + 1 = x + y
"
x+y 0
x = 1, y = 1
x+y 0
2
2xy
=
y
+
2y
+
1
41
7
x2 + 2y + 1 = x2 + 2xy + y 2
x = , y = (L)
2
xy = y + 3y 3
21
3
415 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1),
;
51 3
uy
n
Nh chng ta bit. Tam thc bc hai c kh nhiu ng dng trong gii ton v h cng
khng phi l ngoi l. Ch vi nhng nh gi kh n gin : t iu kin ca tam
thc c nghim m ta c th tm ra cc tr ca cc n. T nh gi v gii quyt nhng
bi ton m cc phng php thng thng cng b tay. Loi h s dng phng php ny
thng cho di hai dng chnh. Th nht : cho mt phng trnh l tam thc, mt phng
trnh l tng hoc tch ca hai hm f (x) v g(y). Th hai : cho c 2 phng trnh u l
phng trnh bc hai ca 1 n no . Hy th lt qua mt chm h loi ny nh.
Cu 77
698
81
x2 + y 2 + xy 3x 4y + 4 = 0
x4 + y 2 =
Gii
Ng
Hnh thc ca h : mt phng trnh l tam thc bc hai mt c dng f (x) + g(y) v mt s
kh khng b. Ta hy khai thc phng trnh (2) bng cch nh gi
Vit li phng trnh (2) di dng sau
2
x + (y 3)x + (y 2)2 = 0()
y 2 + (x 4)y + x2 3x + 4 = 0()
7
3
4
(**) c nghim th y 0 (x 4)4 4(x2 3x + 4) 0 0 x
3
T iu kin cht ca hai n gi ta xt (1) v c mt nh gi nh sau
4 2
4
7
697
698
4
2
x +y
+
=
<
3
3
81
81
(*) c nghim th x 0 (y 3)2 4(y 1)2 0 1 y
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2.3 Cu 61 n cu 90
45
Vy h cho v nghim
Th mt cu tng t nh
Cu 78
50
27
x2 + xy + y 2 y = 1
x3 + y 2 =
Gii
49
50
Lm tng t v t (1) ta s rt ra x3 + y 2
<
27
27
Cu 79
(2x2 3x + 4)(2y 2 3y + 4) = 18
x2 + y 2 + xy 7x 6y + 14 = 0
in
Gii
Tu
n
Hnh thc kh quen thuc nhng phng trnh u cho dng f (x).f (y). Ch sao ! C lm
nh ban ny.
T phng trnh (2) bng nh gi quen thuc ta rt ra
2 x 10
3
7
1y
3
y
n
Ng
u
Cu 80
7
(2x2 1)(2y 2 1) = xy
2
x2 + y 2 + xy 7x 6y + 14 = 0
Gii
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46
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 81
x2 y 2 2x + y 2 = 0
2x2 4x + 3 + y 3 = 0
Gii
Thay li v ta s tm c x = 1
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1)
Cu 82
x2 2x + 2 y 2 = 0
x2 y 3 2x + y = 0
uy
n
in
OK ? Ti s a thm 3 v d na cc bn test
Tu
y 1
4 2(3 + y 3 ) 0
Cu 83
x2 y 2 x2 + 4y 2 12x = 4
2x2 + 2y 2 8x + 9y + 18 = 0
Ng
Cu 84
x2 y 2 8x + y 2 = 0
2x2 4x + 10 + y 3 = 0
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2.3 Cu 61 n cu 90
Cu 85
47
2
(x + 1)(y + 1) + 1 = (xp
+ x + 1)(y 2 + y + 1)
x3 + 3x + (x3 y + 4) x3 y + 1 = 0
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : x3 y + 1 0
Thot nhn bi ton c v d dng khi mt cht th (2) c dng hm s. Tuy nhin y
vn cha phi l nt tht. y l mt bi ton yu cu kh nng x l phng trnh bc cao
tt. Tam thi ta x l (2) trc .
p
t x3 y + 1 = t khi phng trnh (2) s l
x3 + 3x + t3 + 3t = 0 x3 + 3x = (t)3 + 3(t) t = x
x0
y = x3 x2 + 1
iu kin x 0 kh quan trng. N gip ta c nh gi tt hn sau y
P T (1) 1 = x2 y + x2 + y 2 x + y 2 + x2 y 2
1 = x2 (x3 x2 + 1) + x2 + x(x3 x2 + 1)2 + (x3 x2 + 1)2 + x2 (x3 x2 + 1)2
in
x8 x7 + 2x5 + x2 + x = 0
TH1 : x = 0 y = 1 (TM)
TH2 : x7 + 2x4 + x = x6 1
3
x(x + 1) = (x 1)(x + 1)
x = 1 y = 1(T M )
x4 x3 + x + 1 = 0()
y
n
1
1 1
() x4 + x + 1 = x3 x4 x2 + + x2 + x + + = x3
4
4 2
2
2
1
1
1
x2
+ x+
+ = x3
2
2
2
Ng
u
Do V T > 0 V P nn v nghim
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (0; 1), (1; 1)
Cu 86
2
x3 (4y 2 + 1)
p+ 2(x + 1) x =
6
2
2
x y(2 + 2 4y + 1) = x + x2 + 1
Gii
iu kin : x 0
Hnh thc ca bi h r rng l kh rc ri. Tuy nhin, (2) nu ta chia c 2 v cho x2
th s c lp c x v y v hi vng s ra c iu g.
Nhn thy x = 0 khng l nghim. Chia 2 v ca (2) cho x2 ta c
r
p
1
1
1
+1
2y + 2y 4y 2 + 1 = +
x x x2
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48
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
1
3
+ 1 + 2(x2 + 1) x = 6
x
2
x
x3 + x + 2(x2 + 1) x = 6
7x
+
y
+
2x + y = 5
2x + y + x y = 2
Gii
Cu 87
Tu
in
uy
n
a+b=5
77
77
151
15
15
x = 10 77
7x + y =
a=
2
2
8b
3a
2
2
=2
b+
y = 11 77
51
5
77
5
77
5
5
2x + y =
b=
2
a, b 0
2
2
Ng
11 77
10 77;
2
b=
2
2
a b = 5x
ab=x
2
Thay vo (2) v ta c
5x
+ x y = 2 x = 2y 1
2
2.3 Cu 61 n cu 90
49
Cu 89
Tu
n
11x y y x = 1
Cu 88
7 y x + 6y 26x = 3
37 81
Nghim : (x; y) =
;
20 10
=2
3x 1 +
x + y
=4 2
7y 1
x+y
Gii
in
2
1
1
1
2
2
=
=
1+
1
2
2
1
x+y
3x
x+y
7y
3x
=
4 2
1
1
2 2
x+y
7y
3x
=
1= +
1
x+y
7y
7y
3x
!
1
2 2
+
7y
3x
1
1
8
=
y
n
(y 6x)(7y + 4x) = 0 y = 6x
Ng
u
11 + 4 7
1
2
22
8
1+
= x=
y=
+
7x
21
7
3x
7
Mt
cch khc c th s dng trong bi ny l phc ha. N mi xut hin gn y
a
2
=
a+ 2
2
a +b
3
b
4
2
=
b 2
2
a +b
7
a bi
2
4 2
P T (1) + i.P T (2) (a + bi) + 2
= + i
a + b2
3
7
t z = a + bi phng trnh cho tr thnh
1
2
4 2
z + = + i z a, b x, y
z
3
7
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50
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
8
11 + 4 7 22
;
+
21
7
7
n
Tu
Cu 90
6
x
1+
= 2
3
x + y
6
=1
y 1
x+y
12
=2
x 1
y + 3x
Cu 91
12
=6
y 1+
y + 3x
Cu 91 n cu 120
in
2.4
Ng
uy
n
=3
10x 1 +
5x +y
Cu 92
3
=1
y 1
5x + y
2
;4
Nghim : (x; y) =
5
Cu 93
1 2 x+ y
+
=2
x
x + y
4
1 2 x+ y
4y
=1
4
x+y
Tip theo ta n mt vi v d v s dng phng php lng gic ha trong gii h phng trnh
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2.4 Cu 91 n cu 120
Cu 94
51
p
x 1 y 2 + y 1 x2 = 1
(1 x)(1 + y) = 2
Gii
Tu
n
"
x = 1, y = 0(L)
x = 0, y = 1
2y = x(1 y 2 )
3x x3 = y(1 3x2 )
Cu 95
in
"
b=
2
b=
a=0
2
a=
Gii
y
n
Ng
u
2y
x=
1 y2
3
y = 3x x
1 3x2
Nhn biu thc v phi c quen thuc khng ? Rt ging cng thc lng gic nhn i v
nhn ba ca tan. Vy tng ny ra
t x = tan vi ;
. T PT(2) ta s c
2 2
y=
3 tan tan3
= tan 3
1 3tan2
M nh th theo (1) ta s c
x=
2 tan 3
= tan 6
1 tan2 3
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52
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
T suy ra
k
2
2
tan = tan 6 =
= ; ; 0; ;
5
5
5
5 5
6
3
2
; tan
; tan
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = tan
, tan
, (0; 0)
5
5
5
5
3x x3
y=
1 3x2
3
x = 3y y
1 3y 2
Tu
Cu 96
Lm mt bi tng t nh.
Cu 97
x3 y(1 + y) + x2 y 2 (2 + y) + xy 3 30 = 0
x2 y + x(1 + y + y 2 ) + y 11 = 0
in
S dng phng php lng gic ha trong gii h phng trnh cn phi nm r cc hng
ng thc, ng thc, cng thc lng gic, v cn mt nhn quan tt pht hin mt biu
thc no ging vi mt cng thc lng gic.
Gii
uy
n
y l mt h kh mnh nhng hay. Nhn vo 2 phng trnh ta thy cc bin "kt dnh" vi
nhau kh tt v hng s c v nh ch l k ng ngoi. Vy hy vt hng s sang mt bn v
thc hin bin i v tri. H phng trnh cho tng ng
xy(x + y)(x + y + xy) = 30
xy(x + y) + x + y + xy = 11
Ng
ab = 30
a = 5, b = 6
xy + x + y = 6
xy(x + y) = 6
a + b = 11
a = 6, b = 5
xy + x + y = 5
xy = 2
xy(x + y) = 6
x+y =3
x = 2, y = 1
TH1 :
xy + x + y = 5
x = 1, y = 2
xy = 3
(L)
x
+
y
=
2
xy = 5
5
21
5
+
21
(L)
x=
,y =
xy(x + y) = 5
x
+
y
=
1
2
2
TH2 :
xy + x + y = 6
xy = 1
5 + 21
5 21
x=
,y =
x+y =5
2
2
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2.4 Cu 91 n cu 120
53
21 5
;
!
21
2
Tu
n
Cu 98
r
r
r
1
1
20y
2
2
cos y +
=
sin x +
2 +
2
cos y r x + y
sin x r
r
1
1
20x
sin2 y +
=
cos2 x +
2 +
2
cos x
x+y
sin y
Gii
in
Bi ton xut hin trong VMO 2012-2013. Hnh thc bi h c s khc l khi c c hm
lng gic chen chn vo. Vi kiu h ny nh gi l cch tt nht
20y
20x
20y
20x
+
2
+
= 2 10
x+y
x+y
x+y x+y
Ng
u
y
n
1
1
2x +
sin2 x +
cos
10
+
cos2 x
sin2 x
s
s
2
2
2
2
1
1
VT =
sin x
+
2 +
cos x
+
2
sin x
cos x
s
2
2
1
1
+
(sin x + cos x) + 2 2
sin x cos x
1
1
4
4
+
(sin x + cos x)
2 2= 2
sin x cos x
sin x + cos x
2
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54
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 99
x x x=y y+8 y
xy =5
Gii
Tu
iu kin : x, y 0
h ny cho mt phng trnh n gin qu. Th thng ln (1) chng ? Khng nn ! Bin i
1 to ri hy th. Hng bin i kh n gin l lm ph v cn thc
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
in
Cu 100
y
2 x
1
+ =
+2
y
x x
y x2 + 1 1 = 3x2 + 3
Gii
uy
n
iu kin : x > 0, y 6= 0
R rng vi iu kin ny th t (2) ta thy ngay c nghim th y > 0
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
x+y
2 ( x + y)
x + y = 0(L)
=
y = 2x
x
y
Vi y = 2x thay vo (2) ta c
2x
2x 3
Ng
2
2
2x
x + 1 1 = 3x + 3 2x 3
x2 + 1 = 2x x2 + 1 =
R rng v
tri n iu
tng v v phi n iu gim nn phng trnh ny c nghim duy
nht x = 3 y = 2 3
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = ( 3; 2 3)
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2.4 Cu 91 n cu 120
Cu 101
55
y = x3 + 3x + 4
x = 2y 3 6y 2
Gii
Tu
n
Hnh thc bi h kh gn nh nhng cng khin nhiu ngi phi lng tng. Nhn xt
x = y = 2 l nghim. Ta tin hnh tch nh sau
y 2 = (x + 1)2 (x 2)
x 2 = (y + 1)2 (y 2)
n y nhn cho v vi v ta c
x3 xy 2 + 2000y = 0
y 3 yx2 500x = 0
in
Cu 102
Gii
y
n
x=y
2
2
x (x y ) = 2000y
x = y
500x2 (x2 y 2 ) = 2000y 2 (x2 y 2 )
x = 2y
y(x2 y 2 ) = 500x
x = 2y
Ng
u
y = 0, x
r
r= 0
y = 10 10 , x = 20 10
r3
r3
10
10
y = 10
, x = 20
3
3
r
r !
10
10
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (0; 0), 20
; 10
3
3
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56
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 103
3
y
+2 =1
2
+y 1
x
x
2
2
x + y + 4 = 22
y
x2
Gii
2
x + y2 = 8
2
7 2x2 = 7y
1
x + y 2 = 10
3
x = 3y
r
r
2
2
y = 4 53 , x = 14 53
x = 3, y = 1
r
2
; 4
53
2
53
in
x+ + x+y3=3
y
1
2x + y + = 8
y
Cu 104
3 + 2b = 1
a = 7, b =
a
a + = 21
a = 9, b =
b
y
= b . H cho tng ng
x
Tu
tng t n ph r rng. t x2 + y 2 1 = a ,
Gii
1
0, x + y 3
y
tng
r t n ph cng kh r rng.
1
t x + = a 0, x + y 3 = b 0 . H cho tng ng
y
1
x+ =1
x
=
4
10,
y
=
3
+
y
10
x = 4 + 10, y = 3 10
x
+
y
3
=
4
a+b=3
a = 1, b = 2
x = 3, y = 1
1
a2 + b 2 = 5
a = 2, b = 1
x
+
=
4
y
x = 5, y = 1
x+y3=1
Ng
uy
n
iu kin : y 6= 0, x +
10; 3 10)
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2.4 Cu 91 n cu 120
Cu 105
57
x3 (2 + 3y) = 8
x(y 3 2) = 6
Gii
Cu 106
Tu
n
y l mt cu kh ging cu s 37
Nghim : (x; y) = (2; 1), (1; 2)
in
y
n
16
1 1
3(3 33)
n y d dng gii ra (x; y) = 2;
,
;
,
;3
7
2 7
4
x2 + 3y = 9
y 4 + 4(2x 3)y 2 48y 48x + 155 = 0
Ng
u
Cu 107
Gii
TH1 :
y + 4x = 11
4
9 x2
3
2
+ 4x = 11 x4 18x2 + 36x 18 = 0
2
x = 18(x 1)
x2 32x + 32 = 0
x2 + 3 2x 3 2 = 0
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58
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
p
p
3 2 18 12 2
12 2 6 36 24 2
y=
x=
2
p
12 p
3 2 18 12 2
12 2 6 36 24 2
x=
y=
2
12
TH2 :
y + 4x = 1
x2 6x + 12
9 x2
3
2
+ 4x = 1 x4 18x2 + 36x + 72 = 0
x2 + 6x + 6 = 0 x = 3 3 y = 1 2 3
Tu
Ta phi tm a sao cho v phi phn tch c thnh bnh phng. Nh th ngha l
182 = (18 2a) a2 72 a = 9
in
Nh vy
uy
n
Cu 108
p
x + x2 + 1 y + y 2 + 1 = 1
35
y
=
y+ 2
12
x 1
Gii
Ng
iu kin : x2 > 1
Khng th lm n c g t (2). T (1) ta nhn xt thy hai hm ging nhau nhng chng
li dnh cht vi nhau, khng chu tch ri. Vy ta dt chng ra. Php lin hp s gip ta
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
p
p
p
p
x + x2 + 1 y + y 2 + 1
y 2 + 1 y = y 2 + 1 y x + x2 + 1 = y + y 2 + 1
2
th sao nh. Qu tt. Nh vy c hai v u c dng f (t) = t + t + 1 v hm ny n iu
tng. T ta rt ra x = y
Thay li vo (2) ta c
y
35
y+p
=
2
12
y 1
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2.4 Cu 91 n cu 120
59
y thc ra l mt phng trnh kh kh chu. Thot tin khi thy loi ny ta s bnh phng
2 v ln. iu kin bnh phng l y > 0 khi ta c
2
2
2y 2
y2
35
y4 y2 + y2
2y 2
35
2
y +p
+ 2
=
+p
=
2
12
y 1
12
y2 1 y 1
y2 1
Tu
n
y2
n y kh r rng . t p
= t > 0 v phng trnh tng ng
y2 1
49
5
2
2
t = (L)
y=
y
35
25
12
4
p
t2 + 2t
=0
=
25
5
21
12
12
y
t=
y=
12
3
Cu 109
in
Gii
y
n
5
3
iu kin : y , x Vit li phng trnh (1) nh sau
2
4
p
p
p
2
2
(4x + 1)x = (3 y) 5 2y (4x + 1)2x = (6 2y) 5 2y f (2x) = f
5 2y
Vi f (t) = t3 + t l hm n iu tng. T ta c 2x =
2
4x +
5
2x2
2
2
5 2y x 0 thay vo (2) ta c
+ 2 3 4x = 7
Ng
u
3
Gi cng vic ca ta l kho st hm s v tri trn 0;
v chng minh n n iu gim.
4
Xin nhng li bn c
1
Vi hm s v tri n iu gim ta c x = l nghim duy nht y = 2
2
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;2
2
Hy k mi tng quan gia cc biu thc trong mt phng trnh va ta s t mc ch
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60
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 110
y 3 + y = x3 + 3x2 + 4x + 2
1 x2 y = 2 y 1
Gii
y 3 + y = (x + 1)3 + (x + 1) y = x + 1
Thay vo (2) ta c
iu kin : 0 y 2, 1 x 1
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
Tu
1 x2 1 + x = 1 x 1
t2 2
Phng trnh ny khng qu kh. t t = 1 + x + 1 x 1 x2 =
. Thay vo
2
phng trnh ta c
t2 2
t=0
1
x
+
1 + x = 0 x = 0, y = 1
=t1
t
=
2
1
x
+
1+x=2
2
in
uy
n
Cu 111
Gii
iu kin : x 1, y 5
Phng trnh u c dng
f (x + 1) = f (y 5)
5 57
5 5+5
2
2
x + x + 6 + x + (x + 6) = 80 x =
y=
2
2
!
5 57 5 5+5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
2
2
Ng
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2.4 Cu 91 n cu 120
Cu 112
61
4
x+
32 x y 2 = 3
4
x + 32 x + 6y = 24
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : 0 x 32
C v y l mt h khc rc ri khi xut hin cn bc 4. Ta s dng cc nh gi gii
quyt ci h ny
Cng 2 phng trnh cho nhau ta c
x + 32 x + 4 x + 4 32 x = y 2 6y + 21
Hin nhin ta c : V P 12
Gi ta tin hnh nh gi v tri. p dng bt ng thc Cauchy Schwarz cho v tri ta c
p
x + 32 x (1 + 1)(x + 32 x) = 8
q
4
4
x + 32 x (1 + 1)( x + 32 x) 4
Vy V T V P
Du bng xy ra khi (x; y) = (16; 3)
in
Cu 113
4
2
2x
+
2
6
y
=
2
2
4
2x + 2 6 x + 2 2y = 8 + 2
2)
x2 (y + 1)(x + y + 1) = 3x2 4x + 1
xy + x + 1 = x2
Ng
u
Cu 114
y
n
Gii
x2 1
x
Thay ln (2) ta s c
x2 1
x(x2 1) x +
x
"
= 3x2 4x + 1
x = 2 y =
x = 1 y = 1
5
2
5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), 2;
2
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62
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 115
4xy + 4(x2 + y 2 ) +
2x +
3
=7
(x + y)2
1
=3
x+y
Gii
Tu
iu kin : x + y 6= 0
y l mt bi h khng n gin cht no. Tuy nhin ta c mt nhn xt kh tt sau y :
uy
n
in
3
2
=7
3(x + y) + (x y)2 +
(x + y)2
x+y+ 1 +xy =3
x+y
2
1
3
2
= 3 x+y+
6. Nh vy
ng vi t ngay. mt cht 3(x + y) +
(x + y)2
x+y
cch t n ca ta s trit hn.
1
t x + y +
= a, x y = b ta thu c h mi
x+y
2
"
1
b + 3a2 = 13
a = 2, b = 1
=2
x+y+
x+y =1
x=1
a+b=3
7
1
x+y
xy =1
y=0
xy =1
a = , b = (L)
|a| 2
2
2
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 0)
OK cha ? Tip tc thm mt cu tng t nh
Ng
x2 + y 2 + 6xy
Cu 116
2y
9
1
=0
2 +
8
(x y)
1
5
+ =0
xy 4
Gii
iu kin : x 6= y
H cho tng ng
2
1
9
1
25
2
2
2
2(x
+
y)
(y
x)
+
=
0
2(x + y) y x +
+
=0
2
8
(y x)
yx
8
1
5
1
5
+ (x + y) + = 0
yx+
yx+
+ (x + y) + = 0
yx
4
yx
4
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2.4 Cu 91 n cu 120
63
1
= b, |b| 2 ta c h mi
yx
(
5
y+x=
a + b = 5
a= 5
y x = 2
4
4
5
25
5
2
2
2a b =
b=
y+x= 4
8
2
1
yx=
2
7 3
13 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
8 8
8
8
t x + y = a, y x +
Cu 118
10
10 3
3
4+
!
10 3 10
;
3
3
y
n
1
=5
xy
in
2x +
1
= 20
(x y)2
Cu 117
3
13
x = 8 , y = 8
7
3
x = ,y =
8
8
Tu
n
3(x2 + y 2 ) + 2xy +
Ng
u
5+ 3 1 3
5 3 1+ 3
;
,
;
Nghim :(x; y) =
2
2
2
2
Cu 119
1
=2
y
y y 2 x 2y 2 = 2
2x2 + x
Gii
iu kin : y 6= 0
Phng trnh (2) tng ng vi
1
2
x2= 2
y
y
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64
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
2x2 + x a = 2
2
2a + a x = 2
Cu 120
Tu
x = 1, a = 1
x = 1, a =
1
1 3
31
x=
,a =
2
2
1 3
31
x=
,a =
2
2
!
1 3
;1 3
2
1
ta chuyn h v
y
4x2 + y 4 4xy 3 = 1
4x2 + 2y 2 4xy = 2
Gii
t a =
in
Ng
uy
n
y = 1 x = 0
y=1x=0
2
2
y 1
1
1
4
+ 2y 2 + 1 y 2 = 2 5y 4 6y 2 + 1 = 0 y = x =
4y
5
5
1
1
y = x =
5
5
1
1 1
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1), (0; 1), (0; 1), ; , ;
5
5
5 5
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2.5
65
Cu 121 n cu 150
Cu 121
x4 + x3 y + 9y = y 3 x + x2 y 2 + 9x
x(y 3 x3 ) = 7
Gii
Tu
n
t v tri l f (x). Ta c
6x6 + 14x2
x6 + 7x2 + p
3 3 (x6 + 7x2 )2
1 9x8 + 70x4 + 49
+ . p
>0
3 3 x2 (x4 + 7)4
y
n
f 0 (x) = 3x2 + 2
in
7
3
3
x x + x3 +
= 9 x3 + 2x x6 + 7x2 + 3 x(x4 + 7)2 = 9
x
Ng
u
Vi hai vect
u ,
v bt k ta lun c
|
u | + |
v | |
u +
v|
Nu ta ha 2 vecto ny ta s thu c
q
p
p
2
2
2
2
a1 + b1 + a2 + b2 (a1 + a2 )2 + (b1 + b2 )2
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66
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 122
3x
p + 4y = 26
p
x2 + y 2 4x + 2y + 5 + x2 + y 2 20x 10y + 125 = 10
Gii
Tu
tng s dng hin r ri. Bc u tin ta lm l phn tch biu thc trong cn
thnh tng cc bnh phng . V tri ca (2) khi s l
p
p
(x 2)2 + (y + 1)2 + (x 10)2 + (y 5)2
Khng phi 10 na m l mt biu thc kh phc tp. Khi ta phi xem li cch vit cc
bnh phng ca mnh
nu l hng s v phi th khi cng vo ta phi lm trit tiu n i. Vy cn phi vit
nh sau
p
p
p
V T = (x 2)2 + (y + 1)2 + (10 x)2 + (5 y)2 (x + 2 + 10 x)2 + (y + 1 + 5 y)2 = 10
in
5y
10 x
=
3x 4y = 10
x2
y+1
Kt hp (1) d dng gii ra (x; y) = (6; 2)
uy
n
Cu 123
x2 2y 2 7xy =p6
p
x2 + 2x + 5 + y 2 2y + 2 = x2 + y 2 + 2xy + 9
Gii
Ng
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Cu 124
67
p
p
2x2 + 6xy + 5y 2 + 5 = 2x2 + 6xy + 5y 2 + 14x + 20y + 25
x4 + 25y 2 2 = 0
Gii
Tu
n
2
2
2
2
V T = (x + y) + (x + 2y) + 4 + 3 (x + y + 4)2 + (x + 2y + 3)2 = V P
x+y
x + 2y
=
x = 5y
4
3
1
1
, 1;
Thay vo (2) v ta d dng gii ra (x; y) = 1;
5
5
Cu 125
2y(x2 y 2 ) = 3x
x(x2 + y 2 ) = 10y
in
ng thc xy ra khi
Gii
y
n
Ng
u
4
4
4
30375 4 135
30375
135
(x; y) = (0; 0), (2; 1), (2, 1),
;
,
;
6
2
6
2
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68
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 126
7
+
x
+
11 y = 6
7 + y + 11 x = 6
Gii
7 + x + 11 x + 7 + y + 11 y = 12
VT
Tu
Cu 127
2x2 y 2 + x2 + 2x = 2
2x2 y x2 y 2 + 2xy = 1
in
Gii
uy
n
Vi xy = 1 x thay vo (1) ta c
"
2(1 x)2 + x2 + 2x = 2
x = 0(L)
2
1
x= y=
3
2
Vi xy = 3 x thay vo (2) ta c
Ng
1
8
x= y=
3
8
2(x + 3)2 + x2 + 2x = 3
1
x = 2 y =
2
2 1
8 1
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
, ;
, 2;
3 2
3 8
2
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69
(x 1)(y 1)(x + y 2) = 6
x2 + y 2 2x 2y 3 = 0
Gii
Cu 129
(x y)(x2 + xy + y 2 + 3) = 3(x2 + y 2 ) + 2
4 x + 2 + 16 3y = x2 + 8
Gii
16
3
Phng trnh u tng ng
in
iu kin : x 2, y
Tu
n
Bi ny tng t n ph r rng
t x 1 = a, y 1 = b ta a v h sau
ab(a + b) = 6
a = 1, b = 2
x = 2, y = 3
2
2
a +b =5
a = 2, b = 1
x = 3, y = 2
Thay vo (2) ta c
4 x + 2 + 22 3x = x2 + 8
y
n
x+4
14 x
x+2
+
22 3x
= x2 x 2
4
3
3
Ng
u
x+4
14 x
9
x+2+
9
22 3x +
2
3
4
1
x = 1
2
+
= 0
x x2
1 +
x=2
x+4
14 x
9
x+2+
9
22 3x +
3
3
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70
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
p
p
2+x+y+1+x+
2
x
p
py + x + y + 1 + y = 18
x2 + x + y + 1 x + y 2 + x + y + 1 y = 2
Gii
Cu 130
Tu
i mt phng trnh v t, phng php hay dng nht l nhn lng lin hp. Tuy
nhin, nhn lin hp cng cn mt cht k thut. i vi bi ny ta tin hnh nh sau
Nhm hoc Casio ta thy phng trnh c nghim x = 1; x = 2
i vi phng trnh c 2 nghim tr nn th cch thm bt hng s vo mi cn ri lin hp
l khng ph hp,
y ta khng thm bt hng s m thm hn mt biu thc ax + b no
Trc ht vi x + 2 nh
Vi x = 1 thay vo cn c gi tr bng 1, thay vo biu thc thm ta c a + b = 1
Vi x = 2 thay vo cn c gi tr bng 2, thay vo biu thc thm ta c 2a + b = 2
1
4
Gii h ny ra ta c a = , b =
3
3
x+4
Vy biu thc cn chn vo l
3
Tng t vi 22 3x . OK ???
in
tng
l ri
p t n cng p
t x2 + x + y + 1 + y 2 + x + y + 1 = a 0, x + y = b ta c h mi
x+y =8 p
a + b = 18
a = 10
2
ab=2
b=8
x + 9 + y 2 + 9 = 10
y l mt h kh n gin v c nhiu cch. Ti u nht l
p
p
x2 + 32 + y 2 + 32 (x + y)2 + (3 + 3)2 = 10
uy
n
Cu 131
12x
4 xy = 16
+ 3y
4x + 5 + y + 5 = 6
Ng
Gii
5
iu kin : x , y 5, xy 0
4
T phng trnh u ta thy ngay x, y > 0
Phng trnh u tng ng
p
12x + 3y = 16 + 2 4xy 16 + (4x + y) 4x + y 8
4x + 5 + y + 5 (1 + 1)(4x + y + 10) 6
ng thc xy ra khi
4x = y
4x + y = 8
x=1
y=4
71
2x + (3 2xy)y 2 = 3
2x2 x3 y = 2x2 y 2 7xy + 6
Gii
2x(1 y 3 ) = 3(1 y 2 )
TH1 : y = 1 thay vo (2) ta c
Tu
n
x3 7x + 6 = 0 x = 1, x = 3, x = 2
TH2 : Kt hp vi phng trnh (2) ta gy dng mt h mi
2x + 2xy + 2xy 2 = 3 + 3y()
2x2 x3 y = 2x2 y 2 7xy + 6
in
y
n
1 y
2
y(1 + y) = 4
Ng
u
2
1
x
2
1 = 3 x2 x = 1, y = 1
x
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72
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
(
Cu 133
p 3
x (x + y) + x + y = 2y
2y + 1
x2 y 5x2 + 7 (x + y) 4 = 6 3 xy x + 1
Gii
(x y) (x + 2y) =
2y x + y
(x y)
2y + x + y
Tu
P T (1) x2 + xy 2y 2 =
iu kin : y 0, x + y 0
Xut pht t phng trnh u, s dng phng php lin hp
1
< 0 nn t ta suy ra x = y
2y + x + y
Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c
3
x3 5x2 + 14x 4 = 6 x2 x + 1
R rng x + 2y = x + y + y > 0,
in
3
x3 + 3x2 + 6x + 4 = 8x2 8x + 8 + 3 8x2 8x + 8
3
(x + 1)3 + 3 (x + 1) = 8x2 8x + 8 + 3 8x2 8x + 8
uy
n
3
x + 1 = 8x2 8x + 8 x = 1, y = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1)
Ng
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Cu 134
73
( p
y
x2 x y =
3
xy
2
2
2 (x + y ) 3 2x 1 = 11
Gii
Tu
n
1
iu kin : x 6= y, x , x2 x y 0
2
Phng trnh u tng ng
p
p
p
x2 x y. 3 x y = y x2 x y 3 x y 1 + x2 x y y = 0
p
x2 x y (x y 1)
x2 x y y 2
=0
q
+p
2xy+y
2
3
x
3
(x y) + x y + 1
p
2
x xy
x+y
=0
(x y 1) q
+p
2
2
3
x xy+y
(x y) + 3 x y + 1
y
n
in
Thnh qu cng c cht t ri. Gi y ta ch mong em trong ngoc lun dng hoc m
5
3
2 x2 + (x 1)2 3 2x 1 = 11 x = y = (T M )
2
2
5 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
2 2
x4 + 2xy + 6y (7 + 2y) x2 = 9
2yx2 x3 = 10
Ng
u
Cu 135
Gii
(x2 x 3)(x2 + x 3) 2y x2 x 3 = 0
1 13
79 + 13
y=
x=
2
36
TH1 : x2 x 3 = 0
1 + 13
79 13
x=
y=
2
36
TH2 : 2y = x2 + x 3 thay vo (2) ta c
5
x= 5y =1
2
x2 + x 3 x2 x3 = 10
5
x= 5y =1+
2
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74
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Vy h cho c nghim
!
1 13 79 + 13
;
,
(x; y) =
2
36
!
!
13 79 13
5
5
;
,
, 5; 1 +
5; 1
2
36
2
2
1 + xy + xy = x
1
1
+y y = +3 y
x x
x
Gii
iu kin : x > 0, y 0
C quy ng (2) ln . Phng trnh (2) tng ng
Tu
Cu 136
1+
1 + xy xy = x + 3x xy 1 + xy xy = (1 + 3 xy)x
xy = 0 x = 1, y = 0
x2 y + y = 2
1
x2 + 2 + x2 y 2 = 3
x
uy
n
Cu 137
in
1 + xy xy = (1 + 3 xy)(1 + xy + xy)
Gii
Ng
iu kin : x 6= 0
Bi ny nu th tru b y xung di n s ra bc 4 n x2 . Hi vt v. Tuy nhin, ch vi mt
vi bin i n gin nhng v cng tinh t, ta s a v mt phng trnh kh d gii
H cho tng ng
(
y(x2 + 1) = 2
1
y 2 (x2 + 1) = 3 2
x
Ly phng trnh di chia cho trn ta s thu c
y=
M theo (1) ta li c y =
x2
3x2 1
2x2
2
nh vy ta c
+1
3x2 1
2
= 2
x2 = 1 y = 1
2
2x
x +1
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75
1
= 2(x2 + y 2 )
2y
1
= y 2 x2
2y
Tu
n
Cu 138
+
x
1
Gii
iu kin : x, y 6= 0
ang thy tng v hiu ca 2 i tng. Theo bn nng ta s ln lt cng tr 2 phng trnh
a v mt i tng.
Vy ly (1) + (2) v (1) (2) ta gy dng mt h mi
= 3y 2 + x2
2 = 3y 2 x + x3
x
1
1 = 3x2 y + y 3
= 3x2 + y 2
y
Ng
u
y
n
in
3
x= 3+1
3
2
2
3
x + 3x y + 3xy + y = 3
(x + y) = 3
2
3
3
2
2
3
x 3x y + 3xy y = 1
(x y)3 = 1
3
1
y=
2
!
3
3+1 331
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2
2
Cu 139
x+ y
2x
1
+
=
3x 3y 2x2+ y
2(2x + y) = 2x + 6 y
Gii
Bi ton tng xut hin trong k thi vng 2 hc sinh gii thnh ph H Ni v nhanh chng
lan ta. mt cch tinh t ta s nhn ra s thun nht ca phng trnh u vi 2 bin x
v y
iu kin : y > 0, 3 x 6= 0
t y = tx y = t2 x2 thay tt c vo (1) ta c
1
2x
x + tx
+ 2 2 = 2
3x 3t x
2x + t2 x2
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76
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
y = 2x 0
Thay vo (2) ta c
Tu
4x2 + 8x = 2x + 6
1
25
4x2 + 10x +
= 2x + 6 + 2x + 6 +
4
4
2
2
1
5
=
2x + 6 +
2x +
2
2
17 3
13 3 17
y=
n y n gin ri ! Ch iu kin x 0. Ta s gii ra x =
4
2
!
17 3 13 3 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
4
2
2
3 (y + 1)
= xy
x + 8y = x y 9
in
Cu 140
Gii
uy
n
x y = 3 (y + 1)2 3 x y 9
ng thc xy ra khi x = 8 v y = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (8; 1)
Ng
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77
x2 y 2 + y 4 + 1 = 3y 2
xy 2 + x = 2y
Gii
Tu
n
2
x2 + y 2 +
x2 + y +
=5
=3
y
y2
x
1
xy + = 2
x y+
=2
y
y
1
t a = y + , |a| 2 . H cho tng ng
y
x = 1, a = 2
2
2
x +a =5
x = 2, a = 1(L)
x = 1, y = 1
x = 1, y = 1
xa = 2
x = 1, a = 2
x = 2, a = 1(L)
y
n
Cu 142
1 1
+ = 3 xy
x y
2 2
1 + 1 = 7 3x y + 2
x2 y 2
xy
in
Gii
iu kin : x, y 6= 0
nu ta bnh phng (1) ri th xung (2) s ch cn li n xy
T (1) ta suy ra
Ng
u
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
+
+
=
(3
xy)
+
=
(3
xy)
x2 xy y 2
x2 y 2
xy
x
= 7 3xy
(3 xy)2
1
xy
xy
xy = 2 +
x
1
=2
x=1
y
1
y=1
=1
y
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78
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 143
Gii
Tu
x2 y 2 + x2 + y 2 + 1 = 8xy
x
y
=a, 2
= b. H cho tng ng
+1
y +1
1
x
1
2
a=
=
x +1
2
2
x = 1
1
y
(
1
a + b = 14
b=
y2 + 1 = 4
4
y = 2 3
x
1
x=2 3
= 8
a= 1
2
=
ab
x +1
4
4
y = 1
1
y
b = 1
2
=
y +1
2
2
uy
n
in
n y t
Ng
Cu 144
x2 (y + 1) = 6y 2
x4 y 2 + 2x2 y 2 + y(x2 + 1) = 12y 2 1
Gii
Th x2 + 1 =
7y 1
xung (2) ta c
y+1
2
7y 1
7y 1
2
y
+ y.
= 13y 2 1
y+1
y+1
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79
2
y=1
x +1=3
x= 2
1
36y 33y 5y + y + 1 = 0
x2 + 1 = 1
x=0
y=
3
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ( 2; 1), ( 2; 1), 0;
3
"
Cu 145
2
2
x
+y =5
y 1(x + y 1) = (y 2) x + y
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : y 1, x + y 0
Khng lm n g ct (1). Ta s phn tch (2)
Cu 146
2x(x + 1)(y + 1) + xy = 6
2y(y + 1)(x + 1) + xy = 6
in
Gii
y
n
Ng
u
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80
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 147
n y t x
1
= a. H tr thnh
x
(
1
y2 y = 0
x
2
1
y2 1 = 0
x
2
1
x
x
2
1
x
x
Tu
6
1
2
2
6x +
y y 12 = 0
x
6 x
x2
x
2
5
1
2
2
5 x
5x + 2 x
y 11 = 0
x
x
in
1
1
=
x
"
x
2
2
1
6a ay 2 y = 0
( y=1
a = ,y = 1
2
1
5a2 a2 y 2 1 = 0
a = 1, y = 2
x =1
x
y=2
17
x=
4
y=1
1 5
x=
2
y=2
1
uy
n
1 5
1 17
;1 ,
;2
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) =
4
2
Cu 148
x 2 y
+1=3
3
2
x 4x y + 1 9x 8y = 52 4xy
Gii
Ng
iu kin :y 1
Nhn thy y + 1 phng trnh (2) cho ta lin tng n php th y. C l s phi chi
tru b vi h ny
x2 6x + 5
. Thay tt c xung (2) ta c
T (1) ta suy ra 2 y + 1 = x 3 v y =
4
x = 3(L)
3
2
2
2
x 2x (x 3) 9x 2(x 6x + 5) = 52 x(x 6x + 5)
x=7y=3
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Cu 149
81
x2 + y 2 + x = 3
2xy
= 1
x2 4y 2 +
x+y1
Gii
Tu
n
(x + 2y 1)(x2 2y 2 xy + y + 1) = 0
TH1 : x + 2y 1 = 0 thay vo (1)
d dng tm c
!
1 2 14 3 + 14
2 14 1 3 14
(x; y) =
;
,
;
5
5
5
2
in
p
2
(x2 1)(x y)
2x
2xy
+
3x
2y
1
=
3
x + 1 + x y = 2x y + 2
Ng
u
Cu 150
!
2 14 1 3 14
11 17
;
, ;
, (1; 1), (1; 1), (2; 1)
5
2
10 10
y
n
n y d dng ri
H cho c nghim
!
1 2 14 3 + 14
;
,
(x; y) =
5
5
Gii
iu kin : x 1, x y
Phng trnh (1) cho kh rc ri nn th khai thc (2) xem sao. Vi hnh thc nh trn c l
bnh phng l gii php tt nht. PT(2) khi s tng ng
p
p
1
2x y + 1 + 2 (x + 1)(x y) = 2x y + 2 (x + 1)(x y) = ()
2
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82
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
1
4
Cu 151 n cu 180
Cu 151
in
2.6
Tu
23
x = 2 y = 12
2x 1 = 3 x 1
5
41
x= y=
4
36
5 41
23
;
Vy h cho c nghim :(x; y) = 2;
,
12
4 36
2(x2 xy + x y) + x 1 =
Gii
TH1 :
uy
n
iu kin : xy 0
Nhn thy ngay s thun nht ca phng trnh u, t y = tx hoc chia cho x2 lun chng
? Khng nn. Hy bin i gim s cng knh .
Phng trnh u tng ng
p
p
p
2(2x + 3y)2 + 12xy 5(2x + 3y) 6xy (2x + 3y 2 6xy)(4x + 6y 6xy) = 0
Ng
p
2x + 3y = 2 6xy
x, y 0
2x = 3y
4x2 + 12xy + 9y 2 = 24xy
Thay vo (2) ta c
9y 2
+ 3y 2 = 30 y = 2 x = 3
2
TH2 :
p
4x + 6y = 6xy
x, y 0
x, y 0
8x2 + 21xy + 18y 2 = 0(V L)
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Cu 152
83
r
r
x2 + y 2
x2 + xy + y 2
+
=x+y
3
2
x 2xy + 5x + 3 = 4xy 5x 3
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : 2xy + 5x + 3 0
Nhn thy ngay s thun nht ca phng trnh (1). Tuy nhin nu t y = tx s ra mt
phng trnh n t khng phi l d chi. Tuy nhin nhn xt y x = y 0 tha mn (1).
C th c nh gi no chng ? Nu bn cn nh kiu tch nh cu 115 th s kh n gin.
Ta lm nh sau
r
r
x + y
x2 + y 2
1
1
=
(x + y)2 + (x y)2
2
4
4
2
r
r
x + y
x2 + xy + y 2
1
1
2
2
=
(x + y) + (x y)
3
4
12
2
x
+
x2 y 2
9x
p
=
5
x x2 y 2
x
3x
+
5
=
y
30 6y
y
n
Cu 153
in
x 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 4x2 5x 3 2x2 + 5x + 3 + x 2x2 + 5x + 3 6x2 = 0
2x2 + 5x + 3 2x
2x2 + 5x + 3 + 3x = 0 2x2 + 5x + 3 = 2x x = 3, y = 3
Gii
Ng
u
iu kin : y 6= 0, y 6= 5, x2 y 2
Mt cu h thuc loi kh kh chi. Ta s khai thc t (2). Suy ra
y=
30x
30x
9x
6x
9x + 5 =
=
1
9x + 5
y
5
y
2x
y
+
2x
x2 y 2 = 6xy y 2
x2 (x2 y 2 )
y
"
x = 0(L)
x =p
0
5
x + x2 y 2 = 3y x2 y 2 = 9y 2 6xy + x2
x= y
3
5
Vi x = y d dng gii ra x = 5, y = 3 (TM)
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (5; 3)
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84
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 154
p
3p
+ 2x2 y x4 y 2 + x2 (1 2x2 ) = y 4
1 + 1 + (x y)2 + x2 (x4 2x2 2xy 2 + 1) = 0
Gii
D thy V T 2 V P
Du bng xy ra khi x = y = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1)
in
Gii
Cu 155
1
1
2
+p
=
1 + 2xy
1 + 2x2
1 + 2y 2
p
p
Tu
uy
n
1
t a = 2x, b = 2y , a, b 0; . Ta c
2
s
1
1
1
1
+
VT =
+
2
1 + a2 1 + b 2
1 + a2
1 + b2
Ta s dng b vi a, b > 0 v ab 1 ta c bt ng thc
Ng
1
1
2
+
2
2
1+a
1+b
1 + ab
(a b)2 (ab 1)
0 (ng)
(1 + ab)(1 + a2 )(1 + b2 )
Vy
2
VT
=VP
1 + ab
!
!
9 + 73 9 + 73
9 73 9 73
(x; y) =
;
,
;
36
36
36
36
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85
xy x + y = 3
4x3 + 12x2 + 9x = y 3 + 6y + 5
Gii
Tu
n
Bi ton xut hin trong mt thi chn i tuyn hc sinh gii ca i hc Vinh. y l
mt bi ton kh kh v mang tnh nh cao v tng. C th s dng UCT dng nng
cao gii quyt n nhng ti khuyn khng nn dng. Ta lm nh sau. H tng ng
3xy 3x + 3y = 9
4x3 + 12x2 + 9x = y 3 + 6y + 5
Tr 2 phng trnh trn cho nhau ta c
in
(x + y + 1)(2x + 2 y)2 = 0
y
n
3 + 17
x=
4
Vi y = 2x + 2 thay vo (1) ta c 2x2 + 3x 1 = 0
3 17
x=
4
!
!
3 + 17 1 + 17
3 17 1 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
4
2
4
2
Ng
u
Cu 157
xy x y = 1
4x3 12x2 + 9x = y 3 + 6y + 7
Gii
3xy 3x 3y = 3
4x3 12x2 + 9x = y 3 + 6y + 7
Tr 2 phng trnh trn cho nhau ta c
H cho tng ng :
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86
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
4(x 1)3 + 4y 3 = 3y 3 + 3xy + 3y
4(x + y 1)[(x 1)2 (x 1)y + y 2 ] = 3y(y 2 + x + 1)
4(x + y 1)[(x 1)2 (x 1)y + y 2 ] = 3y(y 2 + xy y 1 + 1)
4(x + y 1)[(x 1)2 (x 1)y + y 2 ] = 3y 2 (x + y 1)
(x + y 1)(2x 2 y)2 = 0
Cu 158
xy x + 2y = 4
4x3 + 24x2 + 45x = y 3 + 6y 20
in
Tu
5 17
x=
4
Vi y = 2x 2 thay vo (1) ta c 2x2 5x + 1 = 0
5 + 17
x=
4
!
!
5 17 1 17
5 + 17 1 + 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
,
;
;
4
2
4
2
Gii
6y 3x + 3xy 12 = 0
4x3 + 24x2 + 45x = y 3 + 6y 20
Tr 2 phng trnh trn cho nhau ta c
H cho tng ng
uy
n
Th x = xy + 2y 4 vo v phi ta c
4(x + y + 2) (x + 2)2 (x + 2)y + y 2 = 3y(y 2 + 2y + xy 4 + 4) = 3y 2 (x + y + 2)
(x + y + 2) 4(x + 2)2 4(x + 2)y + y 2 = 0
Ng
17 7
x
=
4
Vi y = 2x + 2 thay vo (1) ta c 2x2 7x + 4 = 0
17 + 7
x=
4
!
!
17 7 1 + 17
17 + 7 1 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
4
2
4
2
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x + 1 = a s a v cu 156
Cu 160
(y 1) x+ 1 = 3 y
(4x + 13) x + 1 = y 3 6(2x y) 7
x4 2x = y 4 y
(x2 y 2 )3 = 3
Tu
n
Gi : t
87
Gii
Thay tt c vo (1) v ta c
2
ab
2
2 !
a + 3b
ab(a2 + b2 ) = a + 3b
2
y
n
ab
a+b
2
in
Bi ton xut hin trong mt thi chn i tuyn ca trng THPT Chuyn - i Hc S
Phm H Ni. Thot nhn qua hnh thc ca h ny kh gn nh. Tuy nhin y l mt cu
thuc loi rt kh, yu cu kh nng bin i cao, c bit l s xut hin kh b n ca con
s 3 phng trnh (2).
t x + y = a, x y = b ta suy ra (ab)3 = 3
Phng trnh (1) tng ng : (x2 y 2 )(x2 + y 2 ) = 2x y
Gi hy a ht v a v b. Th ta c
2
2
a+b
ab
a + 3b
2
2
x +y =
+
, 2x y =
2
2
2
Ng
u
3
1
+
3
x=
x y = 1
3
2
Vi b = 1 a = 3
3
x+y = 33
y = 31
2
1
x+y =
x=
3
1
3
3
Vi a2 b = 1 (ab)a = 1 a =
b = ( 3 3)2
3
1
3
3
y =
x y = ( 3)2
3
3
!
3
3
1+ 3 31
2
1
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) =
;
,
;
3
3
2
2
3
3
Ti s a thm mt cu tng tng t nhng mc kh hn mt to.
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88
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 161
3
1
4y 2x
(x2 y 2 )5 + 5 = 0
x4 y 4 =
Gii
x2 + y 2 =
Tu
Ta c
1
1
(x + y)2 + (x y)2 = (a2 + b2 ),
2
2
Thay tt c vo (1) ta c
3x 2y =
a + 5b
2
1
a + 5b
(a + b)(a b).ab. (a2 + b2 ) =
2
2
in
uy
n
5
51
5
x
=
x+y = 5
5
2
TH2 : b = 1 a = 5
5
x y = 1
5
+1
y=
2
1
x+y =
1
15
5
15
4
3
3
4
,b = 5
TH3 : a b = 1 (ab) .a = 1 5a = 1 a = 15
5
15
5
x y = 54
Ng
15
55 1
x=
215 5
15
55 + 1
y=
2 15 5
!
5
51 55+1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
2
2
Cu 162
15
55 1
55 + 1
;
2 15 5
2 15 5
15
x4 y 4 = 240
x3 2y 3 = 3(x2 4y 2 ) 4(x 8y) = 0
Gii
89
Tu
n
in
k = 8
= 2
Cn bng h s ta c
= 4
Vy P T (1) 8P T (2) (x 2)4 = (y 4)4 .
y
n
OK ri ch ? Ti li a thm mt v d na cho bn c
Cu 163
x4 y 4 = 1215
2x3 4y 3 = 9(x2 4y 2 ) 18(x 8y)
Ng
u
Cu 164
xy x + y = 2
x3 4x2 + x + 18 = 2y 3 + 5y 2 y
Gii
x+1
x+1
x+1
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90
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Tu
in
Ng
uy
n
1 17
}
n y d dng tm ra x = { 2;
2
!
1 17 1 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ( 2; 2),
;
2
4
Cu 165
xy1=2 y
(2x 5y)2
x+ y =
xy
Gii
iu kin : x, y 0, x 6= y
2
T (1) ta c x =
y + 1 thay vo (2) tng ng
h
i2
2
2
y
+
1
5y
y+1+ y =
(2 y + 1)2 = (4 y + 2 3y)2
2
y+1 y
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91
Cu 166
Tu
n
Vi a = b 3y = 2 y + 1 y = 1 x = 4
Vi 3a = b y = 2 y + 1 y = 3 + 2 2 x = 6 + 4 2
16x2 y 2 17y 2 = 1
4xy + 2x 7y = 1
Gii
y
n
in
Ng
u
Cu 167
iu kin : x y 2 , x2 y 4 + 2xy 2 y 4 + 1 0
R rng khng lm n c g t (2). Cng lm khai thc c ci iu kin. Ta s khai thc
(1). Bin i ta s c
p
(xy 2 + 1)2
xy + 1
1=2
(3 2)
y4
y2
xy 2 + 1
= t > 0. Phng trnh cho tr thnh
y2
t2 1 = 2t 2(3
2) t = 3 xy 2 + 1 = 3y 2 y 2 =
1
3x
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92
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
x = 2 y = 1
p
2+1
x=4 2y =
p
p
Cu 168
x2 + y 2 + xy 3x 4y + 4 = 0
17(x4 + y 4 14y 2 + 49) (x + 2y)4 = 8(xy + 7)(x2 + 2xy + 4y 2 14)
Tu
1
x
+x=3
3x
Gii
in
Hnh thc ca bi h qu khng b. Thot nhn ta thy h c 1 phng trnh l tam thc bc
2. Vy ta th xem liu c th phn tch thnh nhn t c khng ? y khng c, x
qu xu. Vy phi quay sang (2)
Phng trnh (2) tng ng vi
17 x4 + (y 2 7)2 = (x + 2y)4 8(xy + 7) (x + 2y)2 2(xy + 7)
17 x4 + (y 2 7)2 = (x + 2y)4 8(xy + 7)(x + 2y)2 + 16(xy + 7)2
17 x4 + (y 2 7)2 = (x + 2y)2 4(xy + 7)2
17 x4 + (y 2 7)2 = (x2 + 4y 2 28)2
uy
n
Ng
2
0x 4
x + x(y 3) + y + (y 2)2 = 0
x 0
3
7
y 2 + (x 4)y + x2 3x + 4 = 0
y 0
1y
3
2
7
2
Vi iu kin kia th r rng y 7
7 < 0 4x2
3
Vy h cho v nghim
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Cu 169
93
p
r
r
2 y2
x
2xy
+
y
x
+
y
xy
=
+
14
2
2
s
3 s
3
x+y
xy
+
=9
2
2
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : y min{x}
Vi hnh
r ny ta thy ngaycn phi t n ph
r thc bi h nh
x+y
xy
x = a2 + b 2
t
= a 0,
=b0
y = a2 b 2
2
2
Nh vy thay vo (1) ta c
in
x3 y + x3 + xy + x = 1
4x3 y 2 + 4x3 8xy 17x = 8
y
n
Cu 170
a3 + b3 = 9
b=1
y=3
Gii
Ng
u
1
1
4
x = 1 y = 2
2
2
2
4x
+2 =9
+ 8x = 9 x = 1
3
x2 (x2 + 1)2
(x2 + 1)2
x = 1 y =
2
1
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 1;
, 1;
2
2
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94
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 171
2 3
3
1
+ xy + = y 3
2
x
2
(xy + 2)2 + 1 = 2y + 4
x2
x
Gii
Tu
2
xy = 1 2
1
x
=0
xy + 2
1
2
x
y=
x2 x
iu kin : x 6= 0
Phng trnh (2) tng ng
Thay tt c vo (1) ta c
3
3
3
1
2
1
1 1
1
2
1
+ t = (t2 2t)3
2
2
x
x 2
x
x
2
(2t 1) 6t4 12t3 + 2t2 + 4t + 3 = 0
in
1
3
TH1 : t = x = 2 y =
2
4
TH2 :
uy
n
Ng
Cu 172
p
x(x2 y 2 ) + x2 = 2p (x y 2 )3
76x2 20y 2 + 2 = 3 4x(8x + 1)
Gii
iu kin : x y 2 0
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
p
x3 + x(x y 2 ) 2 (x y 2 )3 = 0
t
p
x y 2 = u th phng trnh (1) tr thnh
x3 + xu2 2u3 = 0 x = u y 2 = x x2
3
32x2 + 4x
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95
Cu 173
p
2
y 2 + (4x 1)
= 3 4x(8x + 1)
40x2 + x = y 14x 1
Gii
Tu
n
32x2 + 4x + 2
3
96x2 20x + 2 = 32x2 + 4x = 3 1.1.(32x2 + 4x)
3
1
7
3(96x2 20x + 2) 32x2 + 4x + 2 (16x 2)2 0 x = y =
8
8
!
7
1
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
8
8
1
14
Vi iu kin nh th th t (2) hin nhin y > 0. Ta c nh gi sau y
in
iu kin : x
y 2 + 14x 1
40x2 + x = y 14x 1
y 2 80x2 12x + 1
2
ng thi
y
n
T (1) ta li c
p
3
4x(8x + 1) = y 2 + (4x 1)2 80x2 12x + 1 + (4x 1)2 = 2(48x2 10x + 1)
p
p
1 + 1 + 32x2 + 4x
3
4x(8x + 1) = 3 1.1.(32x2 + 4x)
3
T suy ra
Ng
u
2
32x
+
4x
+
2
1
3
2(48x2 10x + 1)
2(8x 1)2 0 x = y =
3
8
2
!
1 3
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
8 2
x x y 1 = 1
y 2 + x + 2y x y 2 x = 0
Cu 174
Gii
iu kin : x 0, x y + 1
Phng trnh (1) tng ng vi
p
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96
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
4( x 1)2 + x + 4( x 1) x 4( x 1)2 .x = 0
1
4
x = 4
y=2
9 17
x=
8
x=
Cu 175
Tu
9 17
1
khng tha mn iu kin bnh phng (1).
Nghim x = , x =
4
8
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (4; 2)
p
x2 + 2y + 3 + 2y 3 = 0
2(2y 3 + x3 ) + 3y(x + 1)2 + 6x(x + 1) + 2 = 0
Gii
iu kin : x2 + 2y + 3 0
Phng trnh (2) tng ng
in
uy
n
14
5
x2 x + 2 = x + 4 x = y =
9
18
14 5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ;
9 18
Cu 176
3
2x3 4x2 +
3x
1
=
2x
(2
y)
3 2y
p
3
x + 2 = 14 x 3 2y + 1
Gii
3
2
Hnh thc bi h qu tht khng n gin. phng trnh (1) chia c 2 v cho x2 6= 0 s
c lp c x v y, ta hi vng s ra c iu g
p
4
3
1
(1) 2 + 2 3 = (4 2y) 3 2y
x x
x
3
3 p
p
1
1
1
+ 1
=
3 2y + 3 2y
x
x
1
D dng thy 2 v c dng f (t) = t3 + t l hm n iu tng. T suy ra 3 2y = 1
x
thay vo (2) ta c
x + 2 3 15 x = 1
Ng
iu kin : x 2, y
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97
111
R rng v tri n iu tng nn phng trnh ny c nghim duy nht x = 7 y =
98
111
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = 7;
98
Tu
n
Cu 177
8xy
2
2
x + y + x + y = 16
s
2
x
2x
x3 x2 y
8y + 3 = 3y + 4 2
Gii
x3 x2
+
0
3y
4
Phng trnh (2) tng ng vi
s
s
2
2
3
2
4x + 3y
x
x
4x + 3y
x
x2 4x x2 3y
x
+
=2
+
+
=2
. + .
8y
6
12y 16
8y
6
8y 6
8y 6
in
iu kin : y 6= 0, x + y 6= 0,
x2
4x + 3y
Nhn vo biu thc trn ta thy c nghim th
0,
0. Vy ta c
8y
6
"
x = 6y
x2
4x + 3y
2
a + b = 2 ab a = b
=
x = .y
8y
6
3
y
n
28
168
(L)
y= x=
48
37
37
37y 2 + y = 16
4
24
7
y= x=
7
7
Ng
u
2
TH2 : x = y thay vo (1) ta c
3
4 2
y + y 2 16y = 16
9
"
12
(L)
13
y = 12 x = 8(T M )
y=
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98
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 178
x3 (3y + 55) = 64
xy(y 2 + 3y + 3) = 12 + 51x
12
+ 52
x
Tu
H cho tng ng
3
64
3y + 55 =
3 (y + 1) + 52 = 4
3
x
x
12
4
3
2
+ 51 = y + 3y + 3y
3. + 52 = (y + 1)3
x
x
Gii
4
4
y = 1 thay vo (1) ta c
x
x
= 64 x = 1 y = 3
x4 + 2y 3 x = 1 + 3 3
4
y 4 + 2x3 y = 1 33
Cu 179
in
Gii
uy
n
Bi ton xut hin trong 1 hc sinh gii Thi Nguyn. Thot nhn c v kh i xng nhng
khng d nh vy. Cng 2 phng trnh cho nhau ta c
x4 + 2x3 x + y 4 + 2y 3 y =
1
2
1
1
+ (y 2 + y)2 (y 2 + y) + = 0
4
4
2
2
1
1
+ y2 + y
=0
x2 + x
2
2
1
1
x2 + x = 0
x=
2
2
3
2
y +y =0
y=
2
2
!
1 3 1 + 3
Th li v ta tm c nghim tha mn l (x; y) =
;
2
2
Ng
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Cu 180
99
x + 6 xy y = 6
p
6(x3 + y 3 )
2(x2 + y 2 ) = 3
x+ 2
x + xy + y 2
Gii
Tu
n
x2 + y 2
3(x2 + y 2 )
3(x3 + y 3 )
2(x3 + y 3 )
x2 + xy + y 2
2
2
2
x + xy + y 2
x2 + y 2
2(x3 + y 3 ) p 2
Gi ta li chng minh
2(x + y 2 ) 2(x3 + y 3 )2 (x2 + y 2 )
x2 + y 2
Theo bt ng thc Holder ta c
in
xy
y
n
2(x + y 2 )
Vy ta c : 2
x + xy + y 2
x2 + y 2
Gi xt phng trnh (2) ta c
p
p
p
6(x3 + y 3
2 + y2 x + 2
2 + y2)
3=x+ 2
2(x
2(x
2(x2 + y 2 )
x + xy + y 2
p
= x + 2(x2 + y 2 ) x + x + y = 2x + y
Ng
u
Vy ta li c 2x +y 3()
2x + y = 3
T (*),(**) ta c
x=y=1
x=y
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1)
2.7
Cu 181 n cu 210
(
Cu 181
4
2y 2 9y = 2
xp
4 x + 1 + xy y 2 + 4 = 0
Gii
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100
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
x
4
y 2 (y 2 + 4)
x+11
p
p
=
=
x+1
x+1
y y2 + 4
y y2 + 4
p
y2 + 4
1
y
x+1
=p
y
x+1
y2 + 4
1
v hm ny n iu tng. T suy ra
t
y
y2
4
4
x+1= p
x+1= 2
x= 2
= y2 + 4
2
y
+
4
y
+
4
x
y +4
Tu
Thay li vo (1) ta c
4
y = 1 x = 5 (T M )
3y 9y + 6 = 0
1
y = 2 x = (T M )
2
4
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ; 1 , ; 2
5
2
Cu 182
p
3
y3 1 + x = 3
x2 + y 3 = 82
in
Gii
uy
n
iu kin : y 0
H cho tng ng
9x
p
3
p
(9 x)
y3 1 =
(9 x) (9 + x). 3 y 3 1 = (y 3 1)
3+ x
y 3 1 = (9 x)(9 + x)
3+ x
Ng
TH1 : y = 1 x = 9
TH2 : x = 9 y = 1
p
2
TH3 : (9 + x)(3 + x) = 3 y 3 1
p
R rng v nghim v V T 27 cn 3 y 3 1 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (9; 1)
Cu 183
19
1
x + 2(y x 1) =
+ 2
5
y +1
2x + y 2 + y x + 1 = 3
Gii
iu kin : 2x + y 2 0, y x + 1 0, x 1
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
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101
2
1
19
+ 2
x 1 1 + 2y =
5
y +1
Nu y > 2 th ta c V T > 4 > V P . Vy y 2
Ta nh gi phng trnh (2) nh sau
s
p
1 p
1
2y 2x + 2
3y 3
V T = 2x + y 2 +
1+
2
2
Tu
n
ng thc xy ra khi y = 2 x = 2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 2)
Cu 184
2
2x + xy = 1
3xy
9x2
=1+
4
2(1 x)
2(1 x)2
in
Gii
iu kin : x 6= 1
Mt bi ton kh c sc v li gii cng sng to.
3x
= u ta lp thnh mt h mi nh sau
t
2(1 x)2
2
2x + yx 1 = 0
2u2 + yu 1 = 0
Ng
u
y
n
c
3x
1
1 3
xu = x.
= x=
y=2
a
2(1 x)2
2
2
!
!
1 + 3
1 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;2 ,
;2
2
2
Cu 185
4x2 y 2 + xy 2 + 4xy 3y 3 + 1 = 7y 2
3xy 3y 2 y + 1 = 0
Gii
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102
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
y2 = 0
(1 + 3y x)2 = 7 + 3y x
TH1 : y 2 = 0 v nghim
x = 3y + 3
3y x = 3
TH2 : (1 + 3y x) = 7 + 3y x
x = 3y 2
3y x = 2
Vi mi trng hp ny thay vo (2) v ta d dng tm ra nghim
r
!
3 1
5 4 10
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), ;
, 1
;
2 6
2
6
Gii
Tu
Cu 186
2
xx + 6 + y px2 + 3 = 7xy
x x2 + 3 + y y 2 + 6 = x2 + y 2 + 2
in
p
2+6+y
y
x2 + 3 + x
y 2 + 6 + y + y x2 + 3 + x = 9xy
+
=9
p
y
xp
x x2 + 3 x + y
y2 + 6 y = 2
x x2 + 3 x + y
y2 + 6 y = 2
3
=9
2+6y
x x2 + 3 x
y
y
p
x x2 + 3 x + y
y2 + 6 y = 2
p
2
2
t x x + 3 x = a, y
y + 6 y = b. H tr thnh
6
p
+
uy
n
Ng
( 6 3
(
a = 1, b = 1
+ =9
4
2
b a
a = ,b =
a+b=1
3
3
(
(
x=1
x x2 + 3 x = 1
p
1
TH1 :
y
y2 + 6 y = 1
y=
2
x x2 + 3 x = 2
x=
15
r
p
34
TH2 :
2
y2 + 6 y =
y=2
3
15
r !
1
2
2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 1;
, ;2
2
15
15
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103
(x + y)2 + 3x + 2y + 4 = 3 3 4x 4
2
Tu
n
iu kin : x 2
Nhn vo ta thy phng trnh (2) qu khng b, gn nh khng th lm n c mt cht
2
2
(y + 3)x + y 2 + 2 = 0
x
4
3 2
4 6x
x
x
x
4 3x
1
=0
2
+
2
y
y
y
y
y4
Cu 188
in
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
2
x4 2x3 y + x2 y 2 = (4 3x)y 2 + y 4 + 4 6x
(x2 xy) = (4 3x)y 2 + y 4 + 4 6x()
2
() 3x y 2 2 = (4 3x)y 2 + y 4 + 4 6x
x = 0 y 2 + 2 = 0(V L)
2
y=x=1
3x (x y) = 0
2
x = y y 3y + 2 = 0
y=x=2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), (2; 2)
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104
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
(
Cu 189
x2 + xy + x + 3 = 0
p
(x + 1)2 + 3(y + 1) + 2 xy x2 y + 2y = 0
Gii
Tu
p
P T (2) 2.P T (1) (x2 + 2) + 3y = 2 (x2 + 2)y
Cu 190
x3 y = 9
3x + y = 6
in
Gii
iu kin : y 0
uy
n
Vy h cho v nghim
Hnh thc bi h qu n gin. Ta c th chn cch th t (2) ln (1) gii phng trnh bc
4. Tuy nhin, ch vi nh gi kh n gin, ta c th gii quyt nhanh bi ny.
Nhn thy gi s h c nghim th x, y > 0. p dng bt ng thc AM-GM cho phng trnh
(2) ta c
p
3x + y = x + x + x + y 4 4 x3 y = 4 3 > 6
Cu 191
Ng
H cho tng ng
2
2
x + y2
x +y
(x + y + 1) = 25
(x + y + 1) = 25
y
+
1
y+1
2
x2 + y 2
x + y 2 + x(y + 1) + (y + 1)2 = 10 (y + 1)
+ (x + y + 1) = 10
y+1
x2 + y 2
= a, x + y + 1 = b ta c
y+1
"
2
x = 3, y = 1
ab = 25
x + y 2 = 5 (y + 1)
3
11
a=b=5
a + b = 10
x+y =4
x = ,y =
2
2
3 11
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (3; 1), ;
2 2
t
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105
Cu 193
in
Tu
n
3 = sin 3a + 3 sin 2a + cos 2a 3 = sin 3a + 2 sin 2a +
6
2
1
Gii
y
n
Ng
u
n y d ri !
P/S : Thc ra vi bi ny ta nhn 3 vo PT(2) ri tr i c th do 1 cht kinh nghim nhm
loi b xy i ch khng nht thit phi sdngn h s bt nh.
5 8
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 2),
;
3 2
Cu 194
45
2 2
(x + y 3) = 4y x y + xy +
4
2
x + 4y 3 = 2xy
3
Gii
T phng trnh (2) ta rt ra : x + y 3 = 2xy 2 3y
Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c
45
3
3
3
2 2
y (2xy 3) = 4y x y + xy +
4
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106
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
TH1 : y = 0 x = 3
4
45
xy = 4 x =
TH2 : (2xy 3) = 4 x y + xy +
4
y
n y thay li vo (2) d dng tm ra nghim.
!
3 73 3 73
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (3; 0),
,
;
2
8
Cu 195
3+
73 3 + 73
;
2
8
2 2
p
2x + 2 x + y x2 y 2 = 1
2x3 = 2y 3 + 1
Tu
Gii
in
uy
n
3 3 3 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
6
6
Ng
Cu 196
p
p
1 + 1 x2 = x 1 + 2 1 y 2
2
1
1
=p
+
1+y
1 + xy
1+x
Gii
1+x 1+y
1 + xy
ng thc xy ra khi x = y. Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c
q
1 + 1 x2 = x 1 + 2 1 x2
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107
t
t
t
2 cos = 2 sin cos
2
2
2
t
3 4sin
2
2
Cu 197
2y 3 + 2x 1 x =
3 1xy
y = 2x2 1 + 2xy 1 + x
in
Gii
Tu
n
3t
2
t= x=
sin =
2
t
3t
6
2
3 sin 4sin =
h2 i2
2
2
2
t 0;
t= x=1
2
2
1 1
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1),
2 2
iu kin 1 x 1
1 x = 2x2 1 + 2x 1 x2
t
2 sin = cos 2t + sin 2t
2
Ng
u
y
n
Cu 198
t
= sin 2t +
2
4
t [0; ]
sin
3
3
cos ; 2 sin
10
20
x = cos 3
3
t=
10 3
10
y = 2 sin
20
3(x3 y 3 ) = 4xy
x2 y 2 = 9
Gii
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108
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
3
, thay tt c vo (1) ta c
x
3
3
3
x3 = 2 31 x = 2 31 y = p
3
2
31
3
x
=4
p
3
3
x
3
x = 2 + 31 x = 2 + 31 y = p
3
2 + 31
Vi xy = 3 y =
Cu 199
Tu
3
3
3
3
2 31; p
,
2 + 31; p
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
3
3
2 31
2 + 31
x2 + y 2 = 1
Gii
uy
n
in
Phng trnh u khin ta lin tng n phng php lng gic ha.
t x = sin t, y = cos t, t [0; 2]. Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c
6
(sin t cos t)(1 + 2 sin 2t) =
2
6
sin t cos t + 2 sin 2t sin t 2 sin 2t cos t =
2
6
sin t cos t + cos t cos 3t sin 3t sin t =
2
6
7 31 55 11 35 39
cos
3t
+
sin
3t
=
2 t 36 ; 36 ; 36 ; 36 ; 36 ; 36
t [0; 2]
; 31 ; 55
; 11
; 35
; 39
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (sin t; cos t) vi t 7
36 36
36
36
36
36
Ng
( p 4
5y x4 6(x2 y 2 ) 2xy = 0
1 2
(5y + x2 )2 18 = xy(6 5y 2 x2 )
2
Cu 200
Gii
iu kin : xy 0, 5y 4 x4 0
Mt h kh hay. y xt phng trnh (2) ta coi x2 + 5y 2 l n chnh.
H cho tng ng
(5y 2 + x2 )2 + 2 xy(5y 2 + x2 ) 12 xy 36 = 0
109
x2 + 5y 2 = 2 xy 6(L)
n y thay 6 = x2 + 5y 2 vo (1) ta c
p
p
5y 4 x4 (x2 + 5y 2 )(x2 y 2 ) = 2xy 5y 4 x4 + (5y 4 x4 ) = 4x2 y 2 + 2xy
Thay vo x2 + 5y 2 = 6 ta s gii ra x = 1, y = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1)
Cu 201
(x 1) y + (y
1)
x
=
2xy
x 2y 2 + y 2x 2 = 2xy
Gii
Tu
n
y
n
in
x1
y1
+
=1
x
y
p
1.(x 1)
1+x1
1
R rng
Ng
u
Cu 202
2
+ y 2 = 1 + xy
x
2
2
x
y
+
=1
y+1
x+1
Gii
iu kin : x, y 6= 1
Ta s dng kt qu sau : Nu x2 xy + y 2 = 1 th
x
y
+
=1
y+1 x+1
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110
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Chng minh :
x2 xy + y 2 = 1 x(x + 1) + y(y + 1) = xy + x + y + 1 = (x + 1)(y + 1)
y
x
+
= 1
y+1 x+1
x
y
= a,
= b ta c h mi
y+1
x+1
x = 1, y = 0
a = 0, b = 1
a+b=1
2
2
x = 0, y = 1
a = 1, b = 0
a +b =1
Tu
Cu 203
Gii
iu kin : x, y 6= 0, 1
1
1
+
= 1.
x+1 y+1
in
S dng kt qu sau : Nu xy = 1 th
x y
1
1
1
= 2 + 2 1
+
y x xy
x
y
2
y
x
xy + y 2
x
+
=
x+1 y+1
xy
Chng minh:
1
1
+
= 1
x+1 y+1
uy
n
(xy 1)(x2 + xy + y 2 ) = 0 xy = 1
1
1
+
= 1
x+1 y+1
1
1
x2 xy + y 2
(x y)2 + xy
(x y)2
+1
=
1=
=
+1
x+1
y+1
xy
xy
xy
Ng
Vy suy ra x = y kt hp xy = 1 suy ra x = y = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1)
Cu 204
2
1
2 = 2 xy
y
xy
4
1
+
=1
2
(x + 1)
(y + 2)2
Gii
Ta s dng kt qu sau : Nu xy = 2
1
2
+
=1
x+1 y+2
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Chng minh :
xy = 2 xy+2x+y+2 = 2(x+1)+(y+2) (x+1)(y+2) = 2(x+1)+(y+2)
1
2
+
= 1
x+1 y+2
Vy t
Tu
n
xy
=
2
y2
x+1 y+2
1
2
= a,
= b ta c
x+1
y+2
a+b=1
a = 0, b = 1
a2 + b 2 = 1
a = 1, b = 0
Ta loi c 2 trng hp v a, b 6= 0
Vy h cho v nghim
Cu 205
in
xy + x + y = 3
4
1
x+1
4
+
+
=
5y + 9 x + 6 (x + 1)(y + 2)
2
Gii
Ta s dng kt qu sau
Chng minh
1
a
ab
1
a
ab
+
+
=
+
+
= 1
2
1 + a + ab a + ab + abc ab + abc + a bc
1 + a + ab a + ab + 1 a + ab + 1
Ng
u
VT =
1
1
1
+
+
=1
1 + a + ab 1 + b + bc 1 + c + ca
y
n
abc = 1
9
, x 6= 6, (x + 1)(y + 2) 6= 1
6
1
t a = x + 1, b = y + 1, c = th h cho tng ng
4
(
abc = 1
x+1
1
1
1
x+1
= 1 x = 1, y = 1
+
+
=
2
1 + b + bc 1 + a + ac 1 + a + ab
2
iu kin : y 6=
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 206
x2 + xy + y 2 = 3
x5 + y 5 + 15xy(x + y) = 32
Gii
Tu
n
Cu 207
x2 + xy + y 2 = 3
x5 + y 5
31
=
3
3
x +y
7
in
Gii
y
n
iu kin : x 6= y
S dng kt qu trn vo (2) ta c
31
(x + y)4 15xy
=
2
(x + y) 3xy
7
Ng
u
xy =
3 2xy
7
7
x = 2, y = 1
x = 1, y = 2
Vi xy = 2 x + y = 1
x = 2, y = 1
x = 1, y = 2
15
36
Vi xy =
(x + y)2 =
(Loi v S 2 < 4P )
7
7
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 1), (1; 2), (2; 1), (1; 2)
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xy x = 2
1
16
+
=1
4
(x + 1)
(y + 1)4
Cu 208
Tu
n
Gii
2
1
+
=1
Ta s dng kt qu : xy = x + 2
x+1 y+1
Chng minh
xy = x + 2 xy + x + y + 1 = 2(x + 1) + (y + 1)
2
1
+
= 1
(x + 1)(y + 1) = 2(x + 1) + (y + 1)
x+1 y+1
1
2
p dng i vi bi ton trn ta t
= a 6= 0,
= b 6= 0. H tr thnh
x+1
y+1
a+b=1
a = 1, b = 0(L)
a4 + b 4
a = 0, b = 1(L)
Vy h cho v nghim
x2 + y 2 = 2
(x + y)(1 + xy)4 = 32
y
n
Cu 209
in
Gii
(x + y)2
2 + 2xy
=
. n y bi ton kh n gin.
2
2
Phng trnh (2) tr thnh (x + y)9 = 29 x + y = 2
n y kt hp vi (1) d dng gii ra (x; y) = (1; 1)
Ng
u
1 + xy =
Cu 210
x2 + y 2 = 2
(x + y)(4 x2 y 2 2xy) = 2y 5
Gii
Nhn xt phng trnh (2) c v tri l bc 5. V phi gm bc 1 v trong ngoc cao nht bc
4 nhng khng phi hng t no cng c bc 4. Vy ta tin hnh th hng s bng biu thc
t (1) xung di to nn s thun nht.
Th 2 = x2 + y 2 v 4 = (x2 + y 2 )2 . V sao khng th 4 = 2(x2 + y 2 ). n gin ti mun tt c
u l bc 4. Thay tt c vo (2) ta c
(x + y) (x2 + y 2 )2 x2 y 2 xy(x2 + y 2 ) = 2y 5 x5 + y 5 = 2y 5 x = y
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
2.8
Cu 211 n cu 240
Cu 211
3x3 y 3 =
1
x+y
Tu
n
x2 + y 2 = 1
Gii
iu kin : x 6= y
Phng trnh (1) quy ng s l bc 4. Vy ta ngh cc kt hp vi phng trnh (2) to
thnh mt phng trnh thun nht xem, nh th phng trnh (2) s phi l bc 4 v lm
c iu ta bnh phng 2 v ln. Nh vy ta s c
(3x3 y 3 )(x + y) = (x2 + y 2 )2
in
1
2y 2 = 1 x = y =
2
TH3 : x = 2y thay vo (2) ta c
y
n
1
2
5y 2 = 1 y = x =
5
5
2
1
2 1
1 1
1
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ; , ; , ; , ;
5
5
5 5
2 2
2
2
Ng
u
Cu 212
Gii
4
4
3
3
2
25 + 9x2 6x =
+
+ 2. = 24 + (3x 1)2
3.
y3 y
y
y
t 3x 1 = a,
2
= b. H cho tr thnh
y
3
3a + 2a = 24 + b2
a=b
3b3 + 2b = 24 + a2
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Cu 213
x2 + y 2 + 2x = 3
2(x3 + y 3 ) + 6x2 = 3(x2 + y 2 ) + 5
Tu
n
Gii
H cho tng ng
2
x + y 2 + 2x = 3
(x + 1)2 + y 2 = 4
in
t x + 1 = a, y = b h cho tng ng
2
a + b2 = 4
a = 2, b = 0 x = 1, y = 0
3
3
a +b =8
a = 0, b = 2 x = 1, y = 2
x2 + y 4 + xy = 2xy 2 + 7
x2 y + 4xy + xy 3 + 11(x y 2 ) = 28
y
n
Cu 214
Gii
Ng
u
Hnh thc bi h gm 2 a thc thuc loi khng b. Vi kinh nghim gp loi ny, th thng
ch c 2 hng chnh l phn tch nhn t hoc t n ph. Hng th 2 c v ng khi m
phng trnh (1) chuyn v xut hin (y 2 x)2 m n c phng trnh (2). H cho tng
ng.
2
2
(y x) = 7 xy
11(x y 2 ) + xy(y 2 x) = 28 4xy
t y 2 x = a, xy = b ta lp h mi nh sau
a2 = 7 b
ab 11a = 28 4b
y2 x = 0
a = 2, b = 3
=7
xy
a = 0, b = 7
y x = 2
xy = 3
y = 3 7, x = 3 49
y = 1, x = 3
3
49; 3 7
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 215
2
3
x3 + 3x
+
4x
+
2
=
y
+
2
y
3
3
x 3x + 3 y 3 3 = 0
Gii
Tu
n
x3 3x2 + 3x 3 = 0
in
2
z 3 + 2z = 0
3 3
y
n
1
gia bc 3 v bc 1 l du cng nn ta s t z = k a
. Thay vo phng trnh ta
a
c
3k 3 k 3
1
3 3
3
k a 3k a +
3 + 2k a
=0
a
a
a
Ng
u
1
Gi ta tm k sao cho a c v dng trng phng. Tc l phi lm mt phn a v . Vy
a
r
2
suy ra 3k 3 = 2k k =
.
3
r
2
1
Vy t z =
a
thay vo phng trnh ta c
3
a
r
r
3
3
a
=
2
1
2
1
2
1
2 2
1
a
+2
a
= 0 2 a3 3 = 1 3
a =
3 3
a
3
a
a
3 3
2
r
r
3
3
3
3
a= 62
1
2
2
1
4
2
1
2
+
4
6
1 z=
a
=
2
=
x
=
6
a =
3
a
3
2
3
3
6
2
!3
3
3
3
3
1 2+ 4 1 2+ 4+ 3
117
9 + 113
4 2
Nghim : x = 2 5
5
4 2
9 + 113
Tu
n
Cu 216
p
x
+
x2 + y + 3
2 x + 4 + 3 y + 8 = 13
Gii
x+4
=
2
y+8
. R rng
3
in
Cu 217
x11 + xy 10 = y 22 + y 12p
7y 4 + 13x + 8 = 2y 4 . 3 x(3x2 + 3y 2 1)
y
n
Gii
Ng
u
C v bi ny hng i rt r rng khi m phng trnh u cho dng kh quen thuc. Tuy
nhin nhn vo s khng khip ca phng trnh (2) ta s thy h ny hay .
Nhn thy y = 0 khng l nghim. Chia c 2 v ca phng trnh (1) cho y 11 ta c
11
x
x
+
= y 11 + y
y
y
3
8t3 + 13t2 + 7t = 2 3 + 3t t2
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
3
8t3 + 12t2 + 10t + 3 = 3 + 3t t2 + 2 3 + 3t t2
3
(2x + 1)3 + 2(2x + 1) = 3 + 3t t2 + 2 3 + 3t t2
Hai v u c dng f (t) = t3 + 2t v hm ny n iu tng. T ta c
2t + 1 =
3 + 3t t2
t = 1(L)
5 89
(L)
t=
6
89 5
t=
(T M )
6
Tu
n
Cu 218
1
2
2
(1 + x ) 1 + 4 = 8
y
1
(1 + y 2 ) 1 + 4 = 8
x
in
r
6
6
x=
y=
89 5
89 5
r
6
6
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) =
;
89 5
89 5
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
a1 a2 . . . an )
1
(1 + x )(1 + x ) 1 + 4
x
2
r
6
1
1 2 2 1
6
2
2
(1 + y )(1 + y ) 1 + 4 1 + x .x . 4 .y .y . 4
= 64
y
x
y
2
ng thc xy ra khi x = 1, y = 1
Vy h cho c nghim (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1), (1; 1), (1; 1)
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Cu 219
119
Tu
n
4x 3y
2xy
in
t x + y = a, x y = b x =
y
n
i
h
2
a2 b 2
a + 7b
.ab.(a2 + ab + b2 )(a2 ab + b2 ) =
ab(a2 b2 ) a2 + b2 a2 b2 = a + 7b
2
2
ab(a6 b6 ) = a + 7b ab(a6 b6 ) = a (ab)7 .b
a7 b ab7 = a a7 b8 a(b7 + 1)(a6 b 1) = 0
Ng
u
7
71
7
x=
x+y = 7
7
2
TH2 : b = 1 a = 7
7
x y = 1
y = 7+1
2
1
x+y =
1
1
35
35
6
5
5
6
b= 7
TH3 : a b = 1 (ab)a = 1 a =
a = 35
7
7
35
7
7
x y = 76
35
35
77 1
77 + 1
x=
, y=
35
2 7
2 35 7
!
!
35
35
7
71 77+1
77 1
77 + 1
;
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Cu 220
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
x+1+ y+1=2
p
72xy
+ 29. 3 x2 y 2 = 4
xy
Gii
(x y)2 = 8(x + y)
Tu
n
iu kin : x 1, y 1, x 6= y
R rng kh lm n c g t phng trnh (2). Ta s xut pht t phng trnh (1). Bnh
phng 2 v ta c
p
x + y + 2 xy + x + y + 1 = 2 4(xy + x + y + 1) = (x + y)2 4(x + y) + 4
in
xy
2
Ng
u
y
n
xy =4
x=3
t = 4 x + y = 2 y = 1 (T M )
xy =
x = 8
8
3
9
t=
8
16 (T M )
3
9t3 112t 108 = 0
x+y =
y=
9
9
4
5
xy =
x=
4
3
9 (T M )
t=
2
7
3
x+y =
y=
9
9
8 16
5 7
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (3; 1), ;
, ;
9 9
9 9
Cu 221
x2 + y 2 + xy + 2x = 7y
x3 + x2 y x2 + 2xy 6x + 3y = 0
Gii
Xt y = 0 th h c nghim x = 0 hoc x = 2
Vi y 6= 0. H cho tng ng
2
x + 2x
2
+ (x + y) = 7
x + 2x = y(7 x y)
y
(x2 + 2x) (x + y)
x2 + 2x
x3 + x2 y + 2x2 + 2xy 3(x2 + 2x) = 3y
3
= 3
y
y
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t a =
121
x2 + 2x
, b = x + y. H cho tng ng
y
Tu
n
x + 2x
=
2
(V N )
y
a+b=7
a = 2 7, b = 5 + 7
x 2+ y = 5 + 7
ab 3a = 3
a = 2 + 7, b = 5 7
x + 2x = 2 7
x
+
y
=
5
7
q
4 7 5(7 + 4 7)
x=
2
14
7
+
5(7
+
4
7)
y=
2q
7
+
5(7
+
4
7)
x=
2
5(7
+
4
7)
14
y=
2
y
n
in
Vy h
q :
q
cho cnghim
4 7 5(7 + 4 7) 14 7 + 5(7 + 4 7)
(x; y) =
;
2
2
q
q
4 7 + 5(7 + 4 7) 14 7 5(7 + 4 7)
(0; 0), (2; 0)
;
2
2
y 2 + x + xy 6y + 1 = 0
y 3 x 8y 2 + x2 y + x = 0
Gii
Ng
u
Cu 222
y 3 x + y 2 + x2 y + x = 9y 2
(y 2 + x)(xy + 1) = 9y 2
R rng y 2 + x v xy + 1 l 2 nghim ca phng trnh X 2 6yX + 9y 2 = 0 X = 3y. T
ta c :
2
y + x = 3y
x = 3y y 2
y=1
2
xy + 1 = 3y
(3y y ) y + 1 = 3y
x=2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 1)
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 223
x2 + xy + y 2 = 3y 1
x3 + x2 y = x2 x + 1
Gii
1
= 2(y 4 x4 )
2y
1
= (x2 + 3y 2 )(3x2 + y 2 )
2y
in
Cu 224
x
1
+
x
Tu
n
5+ 5
1 5
2
2
,y =
x + 1 + y(x + y 1) = 2y
x +1=y
x=
2
2
2
2
(x + 1).y(x + y 1) = y
y(x + y 1) = y
1 + 5
5 5
,y =
x=
2
2
!
1 5 5 + 5
1 + 5 5 5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
2
2
2
2
Gii
y
n
= 2y 4 2x4 + 3x4 + 3y 4 + 10x2 y 2
2 = 5y 4 x + x5 + 10x3 y 2
x
1
1 = 5x4 y + y 5 + 10x2 y 3
x= 3+1
5
(x + y) = 3
x+y = 3
2
5
5
xy =1
3
1
(x y) = 1
y=
2
!
5
3+1 531
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
2
2
Ng
u
(
Cu 225
x2 + 2xy + y = 0
p
x3 + 3xy + 2 y + 1 x + x2 y + 2 = 4
Gii
y l mt bi h kh kh v nh .
iu kin : y 1, x2 y 2
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Tu
n
x3 + xy + 2xy + 2x y + 1 + 2 y + 1 x2 y + 2 4 = 0
p
x(x2 + y) (x2 + y) + 2x y + 1 + 2 y + 1 x2 y + 2 4 = 0
p
x.(2xy) x2 y + 2x y + 1 + 2 y + 1 x2 y + 2 4 = 0
p
(x2 y + 2 + y + 1 2 y + 1 x2 y + 2) x2 (y + 1) 2x y + 1 + 1 = 0
p
2
2
x2 y + 2 y + 1 x y + 1 1 = 0
ng thc xy ra th
2
x (y + 1) = 1
x y+1=1
x2 y = y 1
x2 (y + 1)(y 1) = x2 y
x2 y + 2 = y + 1
x>0
y
n
in
TH1 : x = 0 y = 0 (Vl)
1+ 5
1
51
y=
=
x=
2
y+1
2
TH2 : y 2 y 1 = 0
1 5
1
5+1
=
y=
x=
2
2
y+1
Ta phi thay li vo phng trnh (1) v ch c cp s 2 l tha.
!
5+1 1 5
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2
2
Cu 226
x3 + 3xy 2 = x2 + y 2 + 2
x4 + y 4 + 6x2 y 2 = 8
Gii
Ng
u
x2 + y 2 + 2
2
= x(x2 + y 2 ) + y(2xy) (x2 + y 2 ) (x2 + y 2 )2 + (2xy)2
Du bng xy ra khi
2
x + y2 = 2
2
2
x + y2
2xy
= 2x x = 1, y = 1
=
x
x
y
x>0
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), (1; 1)
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Cu 227
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
x2 + x + 1
2x + 1
=
2y
y2 + 3
x+ y+1=3
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : 1 y 6= 0
Nhn vo phng trnh (1) ta thy c nghim th 2x + 1 v 2y cng du.
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
s
s
p
2
2
2
y +3
x +x+1
x +x+1
y2 + 3
+
+
2x + 1
2y
4x2 + 4x + 1
4y 2
v
u
1
s
u
r
r
u x2 + x +
3
3
3
1
1
1
4 =
+ 2
+
+ 2
=
u
u
2
1
4 4y
4 4(2x + 1)
4 4y
t
4 x2 + x +
4
y 2 = (2x + 1)2 y = 2x + 1
in
x + 2x + 2 = 3 x = 1 y = 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 3)
Cu 228
x + 3y 2 2y = 0
36 (x x + 3y 3 ) 27(4y 2 y) + 2 3 9 x 1 = 0
y
n
Gii
Ng
u
36sin3 t
sin t
+ (2 3 9) + 4cos3 t 3 cos t = 0
3 3
3
3 sin 3t cos 3t = 2 sin t sin 3t
= sin t
6
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Cu 229
Tu
n
+ k
t=
12
7
19
7 k t
; ;
t=
+
12
24 24
24
2
t [0; ]
2
sin t 1 + cos t
7 19
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
vi t
; ;
3
3
12 24 24
x2 + 4y 2 = 1
y
n
in
mt phn ca phng trnh (2) biu thc rt ging cng thc nhn 5. V biu thc u
cng khin ta c c s lng gic ha cho bi ny.
t x = sin t, 2y = cos t, t [0; 2]. Thay tt c vo (2) ta c
t=
+
sin 5t + cos 5t = 2 sin 5t +
= 1
20
5
4
t [0; 2]
13 21 29 37
;
;
;
;
t
4 20 20 20 20
13 21 29 37
cos t
;
;
;
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) sin t;
vi t
2
4 20 20 20 20
Ng
u
Cu 230
H cho tng ng
Gii
t x + y = t ta c
126
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
1
2y 1 = 0
x=y=
x+y =1
2
1 1
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2 2
Cu 231
(2x
+ y) + 6x 3y = 6
y + 2)(2x
2x + 1 + y 1 = 4
Gii
Tu
n
ng thc xy ra khi
3
;5
2
3
2
y=5
x=
in
a=b=2
1
iu kin : x , y 1
2
t a = 2x + 1 0, b = y 1 0 ta c h
a+b=4
a+b=4
2
2
2
2
2
2
(a b ) (a + b ) + 3 (a b 2) = 6
(a2 b2 ) (a2 + b2 + 3) = 0
y
n
Cu 232
p
2 + (4x 9)(x y) +
4x
xy = 3y
p
4 (x + 2)(y + 2x) = 3(x + 3)
Gii
Ng
u
127
9(x + 3)2
. Gi cng
4(x + 2)
Tu
n
y(xy 2) = 3x2
y 2 + x2 y + 2x = 0
Cu 233
in
Tip sau y chng ta n vi mt chm h s dng phng php nhn 2 phng trnh
vi nhau i n. Tc l ta s kho lo sp xp li h mt cht ri nhn 2 phng trnh
vi nhau to thnh mt phng trnh n mi (thng l n xy). y l mt hng lm
kh, n yu cu s tinh t v tinh qui trong vic nhn bao qut h v sp xp cc phng trnh.
Gii
y
n
H cho tng ng
y(xy 2) = 3x2
3x2 y 2 = xy(xy 2)(xy + 2)
x(xy + 2) = y 2
TH1 : x = y = 0
1
x=
xy
=
1
y
TH2 : 3xy = (xy)2 4
4
xy = 4
x=
y
1
3
1
3
2
Vi x = thay (2) ta c y + = 0 y = 3 x =
3
y
y
3
4
Vi x = tng t v ta tm ra y = 2 x = 2
y
1
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (0; 0), (2; 2),
; 3
3
3
Ng
u
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128
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 234
x3 + xy 2 = 0
y 3 + 3xy + 3 = 0
Gii
Tu
n
T (2) ta c
3
3
3
3
x = 2 xy = 1 + 7 x = 1 + 7
3
3
y = 3xy 3 = 3 7 6 y = 3 7 6
p
p
3
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
1 + 3 7; 3 3 7 6
q
5x3 + 3y 3 2xy = 6
3x3 + 2y 3 + 3xy = 8
y
n
Cu 235
in
Gii
Ng
u
3x3 + 2y 3 = 8 3xy
y 3 = 21xy
+ 22 (4)
xy = 1
3
3
13 19033 1793 v y = 3 21(137 + 19033) + 22 = 2899 21 19033
p
p
3
3
Vi xy = 137 19033 t (3)(4) suy ra x = 13 19033 1793, y = 2899 + 21 19033
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129
p
p
3
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1),
13 19033 1793; 2899 21 19033
p
p
3
3
13 19033 1793; 2899 + 21 19033
Cu 236
x3 8y 3 = 1 + 3xy 3x2 y 2
8y 3 3x3 = 1 3xy + 9x2 y 2
Tu
n
Gii
in
Ng
u
y
n
x3 + 3(x 1)2 + 1 = 0
3
3x
= (x 2)3
3
3x = x 2
x = 1 3 3 3 9
1+ 33
Thay li vo (4) v ta tm ra y =
2
!
1+ 33
3
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 1 3 9;
2
Cu 237
(x y)4 = 13x 4
x + y + 3x y = 2
Gii
x 1
p
1 2x = 2 (x + y)(3x y)
2
(2x 1)2 = 3x2 + 2xy y 2
x + y + 3x y + 2
(x y)2 = 4x 1
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130
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Thay vo (1) ta c
Cu 238
Tu
n
3
y
=
16
(4x 1)2 = 13x 4 x =
13
16
y=
16
3
5 13
5
;
,
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
16 16
16 16
x2 y 2 9x + 4y 2 = 0
x3 + 3x2 24x + 2y + 31 = 0
Gii
x0
9x
9
3
3
y2
= y
4x
4
2
2
in
9x
y2 = 2
x +4
x0
y
n
x2 y 2 2x + y 2 = 0
2x3 + 3x2 + 6y 12x + 13 = 0
Ng
u
Cu 239
Cu 240
x3 3xy 2 x + 1 = y 2 2xy x2
y 3 3yx2 + y 1 = y 2 + 2xy x2
Gii
131
z 3 + (1 i)z z + 1 + i = 0
Tu
n
(z i)(z 2 + z 1 + i) = 0
TH1 : z = i (x; y) = (0; 1)
TH2 : z 2 + z 1 + i = 0
1
1
+ i. ( 41 5)
(5 + 41) hoc
8
2
in
2 2(5 + 41)
a =
(5 + 41)
2
r
1
1
b = ( 41 5)
(5 + 41)
4
2
(
a2 b 2 = 5
= 5 4i = (a + bi)2
2ab = 4
n y ta tm c z =
4
q
r
2 + 2(5 + 41)
1
1
z=
i. ( 41 5)
(5 + 41)
4
8
2
q
2(5 +
Ng
u
2.9
Cu 241 n cu 270
Cu 241
1
(5 + 41),
2
y
n
4
q
r
2 + 2(5 + 41) 1
; ( 41 5)
(5 + 41)
4
8
2
41) 1
; ( 41 5)
8
2 xy
x
y
+
=
y+1 x+1
xy + 1
5
3
+
=4
y1
x1
Gii
iu kin : x, y > 1
Chnh v iu kin ny m ta c bt ng thc kh quen thuc sau
1
1
2
+
x+1 y+1
xy + 1
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132
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
2 xy
y
x
+1+
+1=
+2
y+1
x
+
1
xy
+
1
2(2 xy + 1)
1
1
(x + y + 1)
+
=
x+1 y+1
xy + 1
()
=4x=y=5
x1
in
Cu 242
p
x2 + 2x 2 = y 2 4y 2
6x y 11 + 10 4x 2x2 = 0
Tu
n
x + y + 1 2 xy + 1
1
1
2
Vy (*) suy ra V T V P
M ta c
+
x+1 y+1
xy + 1
ng thc xy ra khi x = y thay vo (2) ta c
Gii
y
n
iu kin : y 2 + 4y + 2 0, 10 4x 2x2 0
Mt h kh kh chu. Khng lm n g ni t 2 phng trnh. nh gi c l l gii php cui.
y c cn nn c l s dng AM GM . Ta li m ra c nghim (x; y) = (1; 3). y l c
s ta nhn chia hng s ph hp. Ta c
p
y 2 4y 1
1(y 2 4y 2)
2
2
2
2x + 4x + y + 4y 3 0 ()
(1) x2 + 2x 2 =
Ng
u
Tng t vi (2) ta c
(2) y 6x + 11 =
10 4x 2x2 =
1p
4(10 4x 2x2 )
2
14 4x 2x2
x2 10x + 2y + 2y + 15 0 ()
4
y = 3
133
p
y 3 + x2 = 64 x2 y
3
(x2 + 3) = y + 6
Gii
Ta c
y + 6 = x2 + 2
3
23 = 8 y 2
y 3 + x2 8
p
64 x2 y
Gii
in
iu kin : x 4, y 1
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
Cu 244
2 xp
4 y1=2
x + 12x + y 2 = 19
Tu
n
Xt (1) ta c
x+2 y =1
1
1
1
=
xp
6
4x + y 2
Ng
u
Cu 245
y
n
y5
2(x 8)
=
2 x44= y12
y1+2
2 x4+4
p
Gii
iu kin : x 2, y 0
V y = 0 khng l nghim y > 0. Vy ta suy ra
3(7 33)
x+2>1
x>
1
1
1
< +
y
>
0
x
6
4x
Gi s y < x 1 th
3(7 33)
x>
(1) ta c
2
x+2<1+ x1
x>2
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134
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
3(7
33)
x >
3(7 33)
2
(2) ta c 1
<x<2
2
>1+ 1
x
6 x+1
R rng l v l. Tng t vi y > x 1
Vy y = x 1 thay vo (2) ta c
Tu
n
1
1
1
= +
x = 2 y = 1 (T M )
x
6 x+1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 1)
Cu 246
5
+
2y 4 = x y + 1
p
8 y(x 2) + 4 8y = (y x)2
Gii
iu kin : x 5, y 2
in
(2) 8 yx 2y + 4 8y = x2 2xy + y 2
2
2 xy 2y + 2 = (x + y)2
2xy 2y + 2 = x + y (3)
2 xy 2y + 2 = (x + y) (4)
y
n
2
x2 y =0x=y+2
(3) 2 y(x 2) = (x 2) + y
Thay ln (1) ta c
p
p
y 3 + 2y 4 = 3 y = 4 x = 6 (T M )
Ng
u
Cu 247
y + 3y 2 2y + 6 + 3x2 = 3x + 7x2 + 7 + 2
3y 2 4x2 3y + 3x + 1 = 0
Gii
iu kin : 3y 2 2y + 6 + 3x2 0
Thy h ny cha mt tam thc bc 2. Vy th tnh xem sao. Khng c ri ! Qu xu.
Ngh hng khc. Nhn thy phng trnh (1) cha mt cn thc kh bt n. C l n lin
quan n phng trnh th (2). Th dng php th xem sao.
T (2) ta rt ra
3y 2 2y + 6 + 3x2 = 7x2 + y 3x + 5
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135
Thay ln (1) ta c
p
y 3x 2 + 7x2 + y 3x + 5 = 7x2 + 7
v + u2 + v = u u2 + v = u v
Ta c : 2u v + 1 = u + (u v) + 1 > 0
Vy suy ra v = 0 y = 3x + 2 thay vo (2) ta c
Tu
n
u2 2uv + v 2 = u2 + v v(2u v + 1) = 0
x = 1 y = 1 (T M )
7
25
x= y=
(T M )
23
23
7 25
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), ;
23 23
"
in
Cu 248
x
y
2
+
2
+p
=
p
2
2
(1 x )(1 y 2 )
(1 y)(1 x2 )
(1
r x)(1 y )
y
1
x
+p
=
2
2
2
(1 x )(1 y 2 )
1x
1y
Gii
Ta c :
y
n
x 1 y 2 + y 1 x2 = 1
Ng
u
p
p
x2 + y 2 + 2 x2 y 2
x 1 y 2 + y 1 x2 (x2 + y 2 )(2 x2 y 2 )
=1
2
ng thc xy ra khi
(
x2 + y 2 = 1
p
y 1 y 2 = x 1 x2
x=y=
2
2
2
Thay vo (2) ch c x = y =
tha mn.
2
!
2 2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
2 2
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Cu 249
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
p
2 x + y 2 + y + 3 3 y= x + 2
y 3 + y 2 3y 5 = 3x 3 x + 2
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : y 0, x 2
Chc chn s xut pht t (1). Tng ng
p
2 x + y2 + y + 3 = 3 y + x + 2
Ta c
p
p
3 y + x + 2 = 3. 3y + 1. x + 2 2 3y + x + 2
Cu 250
in
Gi ta chng minh
p
p
2 3y + x + 2 2 x + y 2 + y + 3 (y 1)2 0 (Right)
ng thc xy ra khi y = 1 v y = x + 2 x = 1
Thay vo phng trnh (2) thy tha mn.
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1)
Gii
Vn gi nguyn t tng khi gp loi h ny. Hoc nhm nhn t c hoc t n ph. Nu
nhm nhn t c l s xut pht t (1) v (2) qu s.
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
y
n
Ng
u
(x 2y)(x2 + 4xy + 5y 2 + y + 1) = 0
2
1
3
2
2
2
Hin nhin x + 4xy + 5y + y + 1 = (x + 2y) + y +
+ > 0. Vy ta rt c x = 2y
2
4
thay vo (2) ta c
(4y 2 + 17y + 12)2 = 4(3y + 7)(4y 2 + 14y + 5)
11 3 17
11 3 17
x=
y=
8
4
(a + b)2 = 4ab (a b)2 = 0 4y 2 + 11y 2 = 0
11 + 3 17
11 + 3 17
y=
x=
8
4
!
11 3 17 11 3 17
11 + 3 17 11 + 3 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
4
8
4
8
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Cu 251
137
y2 + 2
y2 x
= 2x 2
x
p 2
y + 1 + 3 2x 1 = 1
Gii
r
2
y2 + 2
= 2x
x
Tu
n
iu kin : x > 0
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
y +2x
r
y2 + 2
y2
= 2 t2 t 2 = 0
x
x
2
t = 2 y = 4x 2
Thay vo (2) ta c
4x 1 + 3 2x 1 = 1
in
Ta t 2 cn v dng mt h tm sau
1
a+b=1
a=1
4x 1 = 1 x = y = 0
2
3
a 2b = 1
b=0
2
1
;0
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2
Cu 252
x2 4 3x 2 + 10 = 2y
y 2 6 4y 3 + 11 = x
y
n
Gii
Ng
u
3
2
iu kin : x , y
3
4
Cng 2 phng trnh vi nhau ta c
x2 4 3x 2 + 10 + y 2 6 4y 3 + 11 = 2y + x
3x 2 2 + (x 2)2 +
4y 3 3 + (y 3)2 = 0
(
x=2
y=3
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138
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 253
2(x 2) x + 6 = 6 y
(x 2) y + 2 = y + 1 x2 4x + 5
Gii
iu kin : x 6, y 1
Phng trnh (2) tng ng
Tu
n
x2
y+1
x2
y+1
=
p
=q
2
y+2
x2 4x + 5
(x 2)2 + 1
y+1 +1
t
1
. Ta c f 0 (t) =
> 0. Vy f (t) n iu tng v t rt ra
2
+ 1(
t + 1(t2 + 1)
x2
x2= y+1
. Thay ln (1) ta c
y = x2 4x + 3
2(x 2) x + 6 = x2 + 4x + 3
x + 6 3 = x2 2x + 15
2(x 2)
Xt f (t) =
t2
x3 y 3 + 3xy 2 7y 3 = 1
x2 + 2x + (xy 1)2 = 2x2 y
y
n
Cu 254
in
x3
2(x 2)
= (x 3)(x + 5)
x+6+3
R rng vi iu kin khi rt th phng trnh ny ch c nghim x = 3 y = 0.
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (3; 0)
Gii
Ng
u
xy = x + 1
xy x 1 = 0
x+1
y =
x
Thay ht ln (1) ta c
3
x+1
x+1
3
(x + 1) + 3(x + 1)
7
=1
x
x
x3 (x + 1)3 + 3x2 (x + 1)2 7(x + 1)3 = x3
x3 (x + 1)3 + 3x2 (x + 1)2 + 3x(x + 1) + 1 = x3 + 3x(x + 1) + 1 + 7(x + 1)3
(x2 + x + 1)3 = 8(x + 1)3 = (2x + 2)3
1 5
1 5
y=
x=
2
2
x2 x 1 = 0
1+ 5
1+ 5
x=
y=
2
2
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139
!
1+ 5 1+ 5
;
2
2
xy 2
2
2x2 2 ( 2 + 1)(x 2 1) 2 2
=0
y
x y +1
y2
=2+ 2
4x + 2 2
x y +1
Tu
n
Cu 255
!
1 5 1 5
;
,
2
2
Gii
y
n
in
2
2.x 2
2
+
1
x
2
2
+
1
2x
y2
2x2 + 2
2.
2
2x
y
2. +
2+1
=0
2
y
y
2x + 2
y
2
t 2x = a,
= b. H cho tng ng
y
2a
2
2
a b
=
(
2+1 a 2
2 + 1)
a + b2
2b
2ab ( 2 + 1)b + 2
=0
a + b2
Ly P T (1) i.P T (2) ta c
2(a bi)
+
(
2 + 1) = 0
a2 + b 2
Ng
u
2z
2
z2
2+1 z
+ 2 + 1 = 0 z2
2+1 z
+
2+1 =0
z.z
z
z= 2
2
1
3
z 2 (z z + 1)
= 0 z = 2 + 2 i
z
1
3
z=
i
2
2
Vi z = 2 a = 2, b = 0 (L)
a =
x =
1
3
2 2
2
Vi z = +
i
3
2
2
2
2
b =
y =
2
3
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140
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 256
!
1 2 2
;
,
2 2
3
!
1
2 2
;
2 2
3
Tu
n
x=
1
3
2
2
i
Vi z =
2
2
2
2
y =
3
2
x y = 2y
+1
x + y + x 2y = 3y
Gii
iu kin : x + y 0, 2x y 0
R rng c nghim th y 0
Phng trnh (2) tng ng
2
p
2 p
x 2y =
x+y
x 2y
p
x + y = x 2y + 1
ab=1
ab=1
2a = 3y + 1 2 x + y = 3y + 1 4x = 9y 2 + 2y + 1
2
2
a b = 3y
a + b = 3y
x+y+
Thay ln (1) ta c
in
y
n
9y 2 + 2y + 1
= 2y 2 + y + 1
4
y = 3 x = 22
y = 1 (L)
Ng
u
xy
x + y4
3
4
(x + y)
x+y 8
1
3
+ =4
y
x
Cu 257
Gii
iu kin x, y > 0.
Thot nhn thy phng trnh (1) kh thun nht. t x = ty chng. Tuy nhin khi ta s
ra mt phng trnh n t khng d chi mt cht no. : du bng xy ra ti x = y. Vy
phi chng l dng bt ng thc ?
p dng bt ng thc Cauchy Schwarz cho v tri ca (1) ta c
2
x4 + y 4
(x2 + y 2 )
(x + y)4
1
=
4
4
4
(x + y)
2(x + y)
8(x + y)
8
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141
xy
xy
3
3
1
=
x+y 8
2 xy 8
8
Cu 258
p
xy (x y)( xy 2) + x = y + y
(x + 1) y + xy + x(1 x) = 4
Gii
Tu
n
in
xy + (x y) xy 2 y 2
xy
q
+
=0
x
+
y
xy + (x y) xy 2 + y
y + xy 2
1
(x y) q
+
= 0 ()
x
+
y
xy + (x y) xy 2 + y
y
n
y+
xy =
4
+ x2 x
x+1
4
+ x2 x 2 (x 1)2 (x + 2) 0 (Right)
x+1
Ng
u
1 + 17
(x + 1) 3x x2 = 4 x =
4
1 17
x=
(L)
4
!
1 + 17 1 + 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1) ,
;
4
4
Mt cu gn tng t
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142
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 259
3
x
+
3
=
3
y5y
p
2
x + 16(y x) + y = 2 xy
Gii
!
= 0 ()
Tu
n
(x y)
x 16
y5 0 9 4(x + 3 3 x + 3 + 2) 0
6 + 2 10
4(x + 3) 12 x + 3 1 0 x + 3
x < 16
4
in
2x = 3
x + 3 + x 5 x4 9x3 + 9x2 + 324 = 0
(x 6)2 (x2 + 3x + 9) x = y = 6 (T M )
y
n
Cu 260
Ng
u
x = 0 (L)
x3 4x = 0 x = 2 y = 2
1
x=2y=
2
3
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 2;
, 2;
2
2
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143
(x
+
6y
+
3)
xy + 3y = (8y + 3x + 9)y
p
2
x + 8x 24y + 417 = (y + 3) y 1 + 3y + 17
Gii
(a 2b)(a2 ab + 4b2 ) = 0 a = 2b
x + 3 = 4y
Thay xung (2) ta c
Tu
n
p
p
4 (y + 4)(6 y) = (y + 3) y 1 + 3y + 17
x+y
2(x y)
2
+ xy =
+
xy
xy
x+ y
1
1
+x+y =4
y
x
y
n
Cu 262
in
Tap
c :
4 (y + 4)(6 y 2(y + 4 + 6 y) = 20
(y + 3) y 1 + 3y + 17 3y + 17 3.1 + 17 = 20
ng thc xy ra khi y = 1 x = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1)
Gii
Ng
u
iu kin : x, y > 0
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
1 1
2
+ 2 x y + xy = 0
x y
xy
2
1
1
1
1
+ 2 xy
+ xy = 0
y
y
x
x
2
1
1
+ xy = 0
y
x
1
1
= xy
y
x
x y = xy x + y = x2 y 2 + 2 xy
Thay tt c vo (2) ta c
xy = 1
2
xy + 2 xy (xy) 4 = 0 xy = 1 x + y = 3
x>y>0
x = 3 + 5
2
5
y =
2
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
C
v bn khun v sao x > y nh ? Nh li php bin i trn (1) c mt ng thc l
x y = xy. V xy > 0 x > y
!
3+ 5 3 5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
2
2
Cu 263
Tu
n
Gii
1
2
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
iu kin : x
y 3 + 3y + y + 2(2y 9) + 21 = (2x + 1) 2x 1
in
2
x=1y=0
2
2
2x 1 + 2
2x 11x + 11 = 2 2x 1 (2x 5) =
x=5y=2
p
x y x2 y 2
=2
p
1 px2 + y 2
y x x2 y 2
7
=
p
4
1 x2 + y 2
Ng
u
Cu 264
y
n
Gii
iu kin : 0 x2 y 2 < 1
Ly (1)+(2) v (1)-(2) ta c
p
2
2
1 x y (x + y)
15
p
=
(3)
2
2
4
1 x + y
p
1
+
x2 y 2 (x y)
p
=
(4)
2
2
4
1x +y
Ly (3).(4) ta c
(x2 y 2 )(1 x2 + y 2 )
15
15
=
x2 y 2 =
2
2
1x +y
16
16
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145
y
1
15
7
15
x
=
x=8+
2
4
y x 15 = 7
y = 7 + 2 15
4
16
!
7 15
; 7 + 2 15
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 8 +
4
Cu 265
Tu
n
(T M )
in
tng bi ton ging cu 222 nhng hnh thc cng knh hn.
H cho vit li
(
(
9xy 3 + 27x2 y + 3x + y 2 = 25y 2 40y + 16
(9xy + 1)(y 2 + 3x) = (5y 4)2
y 2 + 9xy + 3x + 1 = 10y 8
(9xy + 1) + (y 2 + 3x) = 2(5y 4)
R rng 2 s 9xy + 1 v y 2 + 3x l nghim ca phng trnh
y = 1 r
x=0
7
21
y =2
x=
r3
7
1 + 21
y =2+
x=
3
9
r !
r !
1 21
1 + 21
7
7
;2
;2 +
,
, (0; 1)
9
3
9
3
(
3x = 5y y 2 4
3y(5y y 2 4) + 1 = 5y 4
y
n
(
9xy + 1 = 5y 4
y 2 + 3x = 5y 4
Ng
u
Cu 266
p
x3
x+
= (y + 2) (x + 1) (y + 1)
+1
4xx
y + 1 + 8x = (4x2 4x 3) x + 1
Gii
iu kin : x > 1, y 1
khi chia 2 v ca (1) cho x + 1 ta s c lp c 2 n v hi vng n s c g c bit.
Thc hin php chia v ta thu c
p
x2
x
+
= (y + 2) y + 1
x + 1 (x + 1) x + 1
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
M ta c
x2
x
x3 + x2 + x
x3 + x(x + 1)
x3
x
+
=
=
=
+
x + 1 (x + 1) x + 1
(x + 1) x + 1
(x + 1) x + 1
(x + 1) x + 1
x+1
Tu
n
+
y+1 + y+1 y+1=
=
x+1
x+1
x+1
Hin nhin v f (t) = t3 + t n iu tng. Thay xung (2) v ta c
4x2
2x + 2x + 1 = (2x 1) x + 1
2
2
4x + 8x x + 1 + 4 (x + 1) = (2x 1) (x + 1)
2x + 2 x + 1 = (1 2x) x + 1
TH1 :
5
x=3y=
2x = (2x 3) x + 1
4+3 3
3
x=
y=
2
2
in
TH2 :
t z =
y
n
108z 3 + 99z 10 = 0
11
6
1
a
thay vo phng trnh ta c
a
159
10
3
159
3 10 3
3
a=
a
=
11 11
1
11
11
11
s 11
a3 3 = 10
10 + 3 159
2
a
159
3 10 + 3
a3 =
a
=
11 11
11 11
Ng
u
s
11
1
11
159
1
3 10 + 3
z=
a
=
s
6
a
6
11 11
159
3 10 + 3
11 11
!
q
1 3
11
=
10 + 3 159 p
3
6
10 + 3 159
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T suy ra
q
3
10 + 3 159 p
3
1
3
10 + 3 159
!
5
3 4+3 3
a2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
3;
,
;
, a;
1 vi
4
2
2
a+1
!
1 p
11
1
3
a=
10 + 3 159 p
3
6
3
10 + 3 159
Cu 267
11
x + y 2
+ 9 = 6 x + 5y
(2y x 4) x = y + 4
Gii
(
2
( x 3) = y(5 y) (3)
x 2(y 2) x + y + 4 (4)
in
iu kin : x 0
H cho tng ng
Tu
n
1
x=
6
+ 10y + 11 = 10
x + 2y + 3 + 9x
12x + 13y + 14 + 28x + 29y + 30 = 20
Ng
u
Cu 268
y
n
Gii
u + v + 9u + v = 10
12u + v + 28u + v = 2
u + v + 9u + v
12u + v + 28u + v = 20
Cn thc vn kh nhiu. Tuy nhin n ang thun nht. T ta c
5
12t + 1 + 28t + 1 = 2
t + 1 + 9t + 1 t =
4
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
5
T rt ra u = v. Thay vo (1) v ta tm c
4
(
(
u=5
x+y+1=5
v=4
y+2=4
(
x=2
y=2
Cu 269
Tu
n
y 1 x+ x 1 y = 1
1 y (1 + x) = 2
Gii
iu kin : 0 x, y 1
T (2) ta suy ra
1+
x=
2
2x1
1 y
in
M t iu kin : x 1. T suy ra x = 1 y = 0 (T M )
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (0; 1)
y
n
Cu 270:
p
(3y x)(y + 1)
x+3=2 r
x+5
3y 2
= xy 2y 2
2
Gii
iu kin : y 23 , x 5, 3y x
Ng
u
p
(1) 4(y + 1) = 3y x + y + 1 + 2 (3y x) (y + 1)
2
2
y + 1 = 3y
x
2 y+1 =
3y x + y + 1
x = 2y 1
3 y + 1 = 3y x (L)
Ta c
3y 2 y + 2 = 2y 2 3y 2
2 (y 2)
= (2y + 1) (y 2)
3y 2 + y + 2
2
3
7
, 2y + 1
3
3y 2 + y + 2
2
Tc l V P > V T , vy t suy ra y = 2 x = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 2)
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2.10
149
Cu 271 n cu 300
Cu 271
4
6
3
2
x +
6 x 6x + 5 = x + 2
x
x
2
x + 10 x = y
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : 0 < x 10 , x3 6x + 5 0
Phng trnh u tng ng
x3 y + xy = 5 + x
x2 (x4 y 2 y 2 + 2y) = 5 + x2
y
n
Cu 272
in
Ng
u
t x3 y = a, x xy = b . H tng ng
(
(
x3 y (x xy) = 5
ab=5
6 2
2
x y (x xy) = 5
a2 b 2 = 5
Gii
(
a=3
b = 2
(
x3 y = 3
x xy = 2
(
x=1
y=3
Cu 273
6x5 y
2
2
(x 1) + 3 = x2 + 2
s
4x 3x2 y 9xy 2
3y
x
=
x + 3y
Gii
150
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
2
3y
= a, 2 = b ta thu c h mi
x
x
(
1 + a3 = 2b
2
2
3y
= 2 y=
a=b
3
x
x
3x
1 + b = 2a
Thay vo (3) ta c
Tu
n
8
6y
1 +
=
6
x 3 x
1 + 27y = 4
x3
x2
(
x6 + 8 = 6x5 y (3)
x3 + 27y 3 = 4x
in
2
x= 2y=
3
x= 2y= 2
2
x =2
3
p
x6 4x4 + 8 = 0
2
2
x =1+ 5
x= 1+ 5y = p
3
1
+
5
x= 1+ 5y = p
3 1+ 5
y
n
2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 1 + 5; p
3 1+ 5
2
(x y + 2)2 + (xp
+ 4x + 3)(y 2 1) = 81
x + y 2 = (x + 1)(y 1)
Ng
u
Cu 274
Gii
iu kin : x 0, y 2
Phng trnh (2) tng ng
p
x(y 2) = xy x + y 1
(xy 2x) 2 xy 2x + 1 = 0
x+y2+2
2
1
xy 2x 1 = 0 xy 2x = 1 y = + 2
x
Thay ln (1) ta c
!
2
2
1
1
x
+ (x2 + 4x + 3)
+ 2 1 = 81 4(x + 1)4 = 81x2
x
x
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1
y=4
x = 2 y =2
13 3 17
x=
4
1
5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
; 4 , 2;
2
2
Cu 275
x=
(L)
Tu
n
r
r
y
2x
=4
9x + + 2 y +
x
y
y
2x
9
= 18
y2
x2
Gii
Mu cht y c l l tm cch bin i kho lo phng trnh (2) bi (1) cho nh kia c l
ch gi cho chng ta hng t n ph.
Phng trnh (2) tng ng
in
Ng
u
y
n
18x2 y 2
9x2 y 2 + 18x3 + y 3
= 2 9xy +
+
+2=4
xy
y
x
2x
y
2x
y
2x
9x y +
+
y+
= 4 9x +
y+
=4
y
x
y
x
y
r
r
y
2x
= b ta c h
Nh vy t 9x + = a, y +
x
y
y
(
(
9x + = 4
a + 2b = 4
9x2 + y = 4x
x
a = 2, b = 1
y + 2x = 1
ab = 2
y 2 + 2x = y
y
"
(
x = 0 (L)
y = 4x 9x2
1
1
x= y=
(4x 9x2 )2 + 2x = 4x 9x2
9
3
1 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
9 3
Cu 276
x
5y
+
=4
x2 y x + y 2
2
2
5x + y + x 5y = 5
xy
Gii
Thot nhn c v n gin nhng y l mt bi tng i. Cn ch tht tt trong bin i
ng thc t c mc ch.
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
iu kin : x, y 6= 0, x 6= y 2 , y 6= x2
Phng trnh (2) tng ng
y+
n y t
x
5y
x + y2
x2 y
+ 5x
=5
+ 5.
=5
y
x
x
x
x2 y
x + y2
= a,
= b ta c h mi
x
y
3
x = 2, y = 3
x = 1, y = 2
3
3
x = ,y =
2
2
(
2(x2 y) = x
1
5
a = ,b =
2
2
2(x + y 2 ) = 5y
1
1
+
=2
(x + y + 1) (x y + 1)2
x2 + 2x = y 2
in
Cu 277
3
1
3 3
; 3 , 1;
,
;
2
2
2 2
Tu
n
1 + 5 = 4
a b
b + 5a = 5
iu kin : y 6= (x + 1)
T phng trnh (2) ta c
Gii
(x + 1)2 y 2 = 1 (x y + 1)(x + y + 1) = 1
1
1
= a,
= b ta c h mi
x+y+1
xy+1
(
(
(
a3 + b 3 = 2
a=1
x+y+1=1
ab = 1
b=1
xy+1=1
y
n
x=0
y=0
Ng
u
Cu 278
2
= 2xy(1 x)
2x y xy
2
1
2
2
(x + 2y ) 1 +
= 12
xy
Gii
iu kin : x, y 6= 0
H cho tng ng
2
) + 2x y = 2xy
(2x2 y xy
1
2
2
2
(x + 2y )
+
+ 1 = 12
x2 y 2 xy
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xy + 1
xy + 1
=2
2
y
x
2
2
1
1
x+
+2 y+
= 12
y
x
1
1
+ x = a, + y = b ta c h mi
y
x
Tu
n
xy + 1 = 2 y
9
22
xy + 1 = x
9
y
n
Cu 279
(V N )
y = 11x
1
22
+ 11x =
x
9
(
2a b = 2
a2 + 2b2 = 12
+x=2
y
1
"
a = 2, b = 2
+y =2
x
2
22
1
2
a = ,b =
+x=
9
9
y
9
1
+ y = 22
x
9
in
1
1
+x
+y =2
2
y
x
2
2
1
1
x+
+2 y+
= 12
y
x
Gii
Ng
u
Thay vo (2) ta c
x3 17x2 17x 18 = 0 x = 18 y = 20
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (18; 20)
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 280
49152x8 + 16394y 8 = 1
3x + y = 1
Gii
Th y = 1 3x ln (1) ta thu c
3x8 + 3(1 3x)8 =
1
214
(x 1)2 . y + x(y 1) = 0
y
1
xy +
= 4y
x+
x
x
Cu 281
in
Tu
n
Gii
y
n
iu kin : x 6= 0, y 0
Xt phng trnh (2) gi s c nghim th hin nhin x > 0. Ta c
r
r
y
1
y
xy
= 4y
x+
xy +
2 x. .2
x
x
x
x
Ng
u
Du bng xy ra khi
y
x =
x
xy = 1
x
x=y=1
Cu 282
( p
x2 + y + x2 + 3 x = y 3
p
x2 + y + x = x + 3
Gii
iu kin : x 0, x2 + y 0
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x2 + y x2 + 3
TH1 : y = 3 thay vo (2) ta c
x=x+3
Tu
n
x2 + 3 +
in
1
3
3
Nghim : x =
25 + 45001 1080 251 + 45001 + 1080 251
12
p
x2 + 3 + x = 3 x = 1 y = 8
x2 + 2x y = y 2 . y
y
n
Cu 283
Vy h cho
c nghim :
p
p
1
3
3
(x; y) = (1; 8),
25 + 45001 1080 251 + 45001 + 1080 251 ; 3
12
Gii
Ng
u
t x = a, y = b h vit li thnh
(
a4 + 2a3 b = b5
2
(4a6 + b6 + 3a5 )(15a + b2 ) = 3a (b4 + a2 b + 4a3 )
Ta c : a = b = 0 l mt nghim ca h.
Gi xt a, b > 0. t b = ka. Phng trnh (1) khi tr thnh
1 + 2k = ak 5 a =
1 + 2k
k5
()
2
15a2 + k 2 a2 = 3a k 3 a3 + a3 k + 4a3
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Th a t (*) vo ta c
3k 5
1 + 2k
6
4+k +
5+
= (k 3 + k + 4)2
1 + 2k
3k 3
in
Cu 284
s
41
1
2
9
x +
= 3 + 40x
2
2x + y
x2 + 5xy + 6y = 4y 2 + 9x + 9
x, y > 0
ng thc xy ra khi k = 1 a = b = 3 x = y = 9.
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (0; 0), (9; 9)
Tu
n
2
s
p
2
5
p
3k
1 + 2k
2 + 12 )(4 + k 6 ) + k
V T 5(4 + k 6 ) +
.
=
(2
(4 + k 3 + k)2 = V P
1 + 2k 3k 3
Gii
Ta c
s
(12 + 92 ) x2 +
1
2x + y
1
6
9x + p 3
9x +
9x +
2x + y + 9
2x + y
9(2x + y)
Ng
u
VT =
y
n
6 + 80x
6
3x 2x2 xy + 6y 0 ()
9
2x + y + 9
cc du bng trn xy ra th x = y = 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (3; 3)
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Cu 285
157
y
+ y2 = 0
1 + x2 + x
x2
+ 2 x2 + 1 + y 2 = 3
2
y
x+
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : y 6= 0
H cho tng ng
x
+y +
1 + x2 x = 0
y
2
x
+ y + 2 x2 + 1 x = 3
y
x + y 1 + x 2 x + y 2 = 0
2
x
+ y + 2 x2 + 1 x = 3
x
+ y = a, 1 + x2 x = b > 0. H cho tng ng
y
(
(
x + y = 1
a+b=0
a = 1, b = 1
y
x2 + 1 = x + 1
a2 + 2b = 3
a = 3, b = 3 (L)
(
x=0
y = 1
in
p
3x2 xy + 2y 2 + 2 + 1 = 3
(x y)2
2x2 + y 2 + xy = 1
y
n
Cu 286
Gii
Ng
u
Mt kinh nghim nh : khi nhn thy mt cn thc vi biu thc kh di nh kia, thng th
tc gi c vy nhm khin chng ta s dng php th t phng trnh cn li.
T phng trnh (2) ta c
3x2 xy + 2y 2 = 1 + (x y)2
Thay ln (1) ta c
p
(x y)2
(x y)2 + 3 + 1 = 3 t
t+3+1 =3
t = (x y)2 0
(
(x y)2 = 1
t=1
2x2 + y 2 + xy = 1
y l mt h ng cp bc 2 kh n
n xin nhng li bn c.
gin,
vic
gii
3 1
3 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ;
,
;
, (0; 1), (0; 1)
4 4
4 4
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Cu 287
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
x(y 2 + 1)
3
=
x2 + y 2
5
2
y(x
1)
4
x2 + y 2
5
iu kin : x2 + y 2 6= 0
Mt bi ton kh hay v c sc v mt tng.
H cho tng ng
2 2
x y + x2
3x
2
=
2
x +y
5
2 2
2
y
x
y
4y
=
2
x + y2
5
(3)
(4)
Ly (3)-(4) ta c
Tu
n
Gii
3x 4y
x2 + y 2
= 2
= 1 3x 4y = 5
5
5
x + y2
5 + 4y
thay vo (1) ta c
3
"
2
1
5 + 4y
5 + 4y 2
y = 1 x =
2
.(y + 1) = 3
5.
+ 3y
3
3
3
y=1x=3
1
; 1 , (3; 1)
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
3
4x2 + 1
3
2 + x3 + x + 2
p
2x
2 3 2y =
2x + 1
Ng
u
Cu 288
y
n
in
n y rt x =
Gii
1 1
3
iu kin : x 6= 0, x 6= , y
2 2
2
Chia 2 v ca (1) cho x2 ta c
1
4
3
+
+
2
=
(4
2y)
3 2y
x3 x2 x
3
1
1
1
+ 1
= (3 2y) 3 2y + 3 2y
x
x
1
1 = 3 2y
x
Thay vo (2) ta c
r
1
1+ =
x
2x2 + x3 + x + 2
2x + 1
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159
1
3
(2x + 1) 1 + = (x + 2) + 2x2 + x3
x
r
r
2
1
1
3 2
+1 +
+1
2+
1+ =
x
x
x
x
r
r
1
1
3 2
3
1+ =
+ 1 t + 1 = 2t + 1
=t
x
x
x
0 6= t 1
51
3+ 5
1+ 5
x=
y=
t=
2
(t + 1)3 = (2t + 1)2
2
2
4
!
51 3+ 5
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2
4
1
6y
=
y
x
x3 y 3 4x2 y 2 + 2xy + 5y 3 = 1
x+
in
Gii
Cu 289
Tu
n
iu kin : x, y 6= 0
H cho tng ng
(
x2 y + x = 6y 2
(xy 1)3 = 5y 3 + x2 y 2 + xy
y
n
Ta c : 5y 3 + x2 y 2 + xy = 5y 3 + (6y 2 x)y + xy = y 3
Vy (2) tng ng
1
xy 1 = y y =
x1
Thay ln (1) ta c
6
x+x1=
x=2y=1
x(x 1)
Ng
u
Cu 290
x+y
1 2y
=
1 + xy
2y
1 3x
xy
=
1 xy
3x
Gii
160
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cch 1 :
v1
u1
,y =
. H cho tng ng
t x =
u+1
v+1
uv
2u
=
u+v
2+u
3v
uv 1
=
uv + 1
3+v
Tu
n
()
3v
3u uv
3u 1
3u + 1 2uv
uv 1
=
=
=
=
uv + 1
3+v
3u + uv
3u + 1 + 2uv
3u 1
5
u = 12u u = 12, v =
6
in
T (*) v (**) ta c h mi
(
u2 = 2v
u2 v 2 = 3u
r
5
9
2
9
1
2
y= r
5 9
+1
2
5
y
n
5
12 1
x=
,
5
12 + 1
()
Ng
u
Cch 2:
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
x+y
1 2y
(x + 1) (y + 1)
3 (y 1)
+1=
+1
=
1 + xy
2y
1 + xy
2y
x+y
1 2y
(y + 1)
(x
1)
(y
1)
1=
1
=
1 + xy
2y
1 + xy
2y
(x + 1) (y + 1)
1 + xy
3 (y 1)
2 y 3 (x 1) (y 1)2 = (x + 1) (y + 1)2
(x
1)
(y
1)
1
+ xy
y+1
2y
Tng t vi phng trnh (2) ta cng c
xy
1 3x
(x + 1) (y 1)
4 (x 1)
+1=
+1
=
1 xy
3x
1 xy
3x
xy
1 3x
(x
1)
(y
+
1)
2
(x
+ 1)
1=
1
=
1 xy
3x
1 xy
3x
2(x 1)2 (y + 1) = (x + 1)2 (y 1)
()
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()
y+1
x1
,b =
v ta lp mt h mi
x+1
y1
r
r
x
1
1
9
b= 5
= 5
3a = b2
r 2 x + 1 r 12
1
y+1
9
2a2 =
1
a= 5
= 5
b
y1
2
12
r
1
5 12 1
2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
,r
5
12 + 1 5 9
+1
2
Cu 291
x2 (y 2 + 1) + 2y(x2 + x + 1) = 3
(x2 + x)(y 2 + y) = 1
in
Gii
5 9
r
y =
5 9
+1
12 1
x
=
5
12 + 1
Tu
n
161
Ng
u
y
n
Phng trnh (2) khng t nhin khi v tri khng y nhn t chung ra ngoi. C l nu
nh vy c kh nng s l tng t n ph. Ta mng tng ra mt phn tng, gi
ch cn bin i na thi.
H cho tng ng
(
(
(
(xy + x)2 + 2(xy + y) = 3
(xy + x)2 + 2(xy + y) = 3
a2 + 2b = 3
xy(x + 1)(y + 1) = 1
(xy + y)(xy + x) = 1
ab = 1
(
xy + x = 1
"
1
5
xy + y = 1
a = 1, b = 1
x=y= 2
1
xy + x = 2
51
a = 2, b =
x=y=
2
1
2
xy + y =
2
!
1 5 1 5
51 51
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
2
2
2
2
Cu 292
2y + (x + y + 7) 3 y + 7 + x2 + 7x = 0
3x2 + 35x + 98
3
+
3(x
+
7)
=
y
x
+
7
2y
3
x+7
Gii
162
t
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
3
x + 7 = a, y = b. H cho tng ng
(
2a5 + a6 7a3 + 2a2 b + 2b3 = 0
3a6 7a3 + 3a4 2ab2 a2 b = 0 ()
Tu
n
p
p
2
y(x
2)
+
8
(y 2)(x 4)
(x
y)
+
4(x
+
3y)
=
28
+
8
p
p
(y 2)(x 4) + 2 (y 3)(x 5) = (y x)2
Cu 293
in
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
Bn c c nhn xt thy rng nhng hng t trong cn c v rt khiu khch ngi lm khng
? Chng khc nhau nhng u tun theo 1 quy lut. C v nh l x = y + 2. Vy c kh nng
s rt c bng cch lin hp hoc nh gi mt phng trnh no . Nu lin hp th chc
chn phi xut pht t (1). Ta chuyn 28 sang ri lin hp 2 cn xem c g khng? C v
khng ra. Vy phi dng nh gi dit, tt nhin bi ny nh gi kh kh.
Phng trnh (1)
p
p
x2 + y 2 2xy + 4x + 12y + 4 = 32 + 8 y(x 2) + 8 (y 2)(x 4)
h
i
p
p
x2 + (y + 2)2 = 2 xy 2x 4y + 16 + 4 y(x 2) + 4 (y 2)(x 4)
h
i
p
p
x2 + (y + 2)2 = 2 (y 2)(x 4) + 4 (y 2)(x 4) + 8 + 4 y(x 2)
2
p
p
2
2
x + (y + 2) = 2
(y 2)(x 4) + 2 + 4 y(x 2) + 4
Ta thc hin cc nh gi sau
x2 + (y + 2)2 2x(y + 2) = 2[x 2 + 2](y + 2)
p
2
h
i
p
2
y(x 2) + 2 = 2 (y 2 + 2)(x 4 + 2) + 4 y(x 2) + 4
2
p
p
2
(y 2)(x 4) + 2 + 4 y(x 2) + 4 = V P
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ng thc xy ra khi
x=y+2
x 2
2
=
y
2
2
x
y2
2
x=y+2
10 4
;
3 3
Cu 294
in
r
3x
= 2x y
(x 2) 1 +
y
r
3x
y2 1 +
= 2x2 + y 2 4x
y
y=4x=6
4
10
y= x=
3
3
Tu
n
"
Gii
3x
+10
y
H cho tng ng
x
ry
1+
r
2
3x
2x
1+
=
1
y
y2 y
3x
x
4x
=2
+1
y
y
y
1
x
= a, = b. H cho tr thnh
y
y
(
(a 2b) 1 + 3a = 2a 1
1 + 3a = 2a2 4ab + 1
Ng
u
y
n
iu kin : y 6= 0,
TH1 : 2a =
1 + 3a(a 2b + 1) = 2a(a 2b + 1)
1 + 3a a = 1 x = y. Thay vo (1) ta c
TH2 : a + 1 = 2b
2(x 2) = x x = y = 4
2
x
+ 1 = x + y = 2. Thay ln (1) ta c
y
y
s
3(2 y)
y 1 +
= 2(2 y) y y = 2 x = 0
y
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
(
Cu 295
p
y 6 + y 3 + 2x2 = xy x2 y 2
p
1
8xy 3 + 2y 2 + = 4x4 + 3x2 + x + 2 1 + (2x y)2
2
Gii
iu kin : 0 xy 1
Ta c cc nh gi sau
Tu
n
p
1
xy + 1 xy
=
xy(1 xy)
2
2
6
3
2
6
3
2
2y + 2y + 4x 1 1 2y + 2y + 4x ()
y 6 + y 3 + 2x2 =
8xy 3 + 2y 3 +
1
4x4 + 3x2 + x + 2 ()
2
3
2y 6 + 2y 3 + 4x2 + 4x4 + 3x2 + x + 2
2
1
2y 6 8xy 3 + 4x4 + 7x2 + x + 0
2
1
1
6
3
2
4
2
2
2(y 4xy + 4x ) + 4x 2x +
+ x +x+
0
4
4
2
2
1
1
2
3
2
2(y 2x) + 2x
+ x+
0
2
2
(
1
x=
(T M )
2
y = 1
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ; 1
2
y
n
in
8xy 3 + 2y 3 +
Ng
u
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Cu 296
165
x3 3xy 2 =
2
5
3
2
3
3x y y =
2
Gii
Tu
n
3
5
3x2 yi 2y 3 i =
i
2
5
5
3
x3 + 3xy 2 i2 + 3x2 yi + y 3 i3 = +
2
2
!
1
3
z=5
+ i.
= 5 cos + i sin
(z = x + yi)
2
2
3
3
in
z = 3 5 cos + i sin
9
9
7
7
3
z = 5 cos
+ i sin
9
9
13
13
3
z = 5 cos
+ i sin
9
9
Ng
u
y
n
Vy h cho c nghim :
7
7
13
13
3
3
3
3
3
3
(x; y) =
5 cos ; 5 sin
,
5 cos ; 5 sin
,
5 cos
; 5 sin
9
9
9
9
9
9
Cu 297
x3 3xy 2 = 1
3x2 y y 3 = 1
Gii
Lm tng t ta s c
(x + yi) = 1 + i = 2 cos + i sin
4
4
3
T ta tm c nghim :
3
3
17
17
6
6
6
6
6
6
(x; y) =
2 cos ; 2 sin
,
2 cos ; 2 sin
,
2 cos
; 2 sin
12
12
4
4
12
12
Mt v d na l bi tp cho bn c
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 298
x3 3xy 2 = 1
3x2 y y 3 = 3
Cu 299
Tu
n
in
y
n
Ng
u
Cu 300
x + y + 2x y = 3
2
125
(x + y + xy + 1)(2x y + 1) =
64
Gii
167
(x + 1)(y + 1)(2x y + 1) =
125
64
Tu
n
a, b, c 0. H khi s l
t x = a, y = b, 2x y = c
a + b + c = 3
2
125
1
2
C v nh li l mt bi bt ng thc na ri. Vy ra bi h ny ch l hnh thc che giu
mt bi bt ng thc thc s.
3
Ta s chng minh. Nu a, b, c 0 v a + b + c = th
2
H ny li c nghim khi a = b = c =
125
64
in
b+c
t=
2
y
n
f (a, b, c) f (a, t, t) = (a2 + 1)(b c)2 8 (b + c)2 4bc 0
Ng
u
3
3
a
a
125
125
f a, 2
,2
f (a, t, t)
64
2
2
64
()
3
(a + 2t = )
2
2
2
3
2 a
125
(a2 + 1)
+
1
2
64
(a2 + 1)(4a2 12a + 25)2 500 (2a 1)2 (4a4 20a3 + 69a2 100a + 125) 0
Bt ng thc cui ng v 4a4 20a3 + 69a2 100a + 125 = (2a2 5a)2 + 34a2 100a + 125 > 0
1
1
ng thc xy ra khi a = b = c = x = y =
2
4
1 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
4 4
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2.11
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 301 n cu 330
Cu 301
s
2
2
2x
+
4y
2
3
=4
(x + y) 1
xy
y x
q
(x + 1)2 + xy + 3x + 2y + 5 2xpx(y + 3) = x + y + 3
Tu
n
Gii
in
y
n
Thnh qu c cht t, th nhng thay vo phng trnh (2) vn kh phc tp. Hn n phi
rt gn c.
Phng trnh (2) tng ng
q
p
x2 2x x (y + 3) + x (y + 3) + 2 (x + y + 3) = x + y + 3
r
2
p
p
x x (y + 3) + 2 (x + y + 3) = x + y + 3 2 (x + y + 3)
p
2
x + y + 3 + 2 x (y + 3) 2 (x + y + 3)
x y + 3 0 x = y + 3 ()
Ng
u
Cu 302
x + 2y + 2 p
4x + y = 1
2(x + 3) = 46 2y(3 + 8x + 8y)
Gii
4x + y = b 0. H cho tng ng
(
4a2 + 6b2 = 10
a + 2b = 1
(
a = 1
b=1
Cu 303
3 5
;
7 7
(
x + 2y = 1
4x + y = 1
x = 3
7
y =
7
Tu
n
n y t x + 2y = a,
169
(
p
2
2
2
x + 1 3x y + 2
4y + 1 + 1 = 8x2 y 3
x2 y x + 2 = 0
Gii
in
H
p ny gm mt phng trnh kh phc tp v mt phng trnh li kh gn nh. cht
4y 2 + 1 + 1 lin hp s c 4y 2 rt gn c vi bn phi. Phn di mu ta nhn cho ln
ng thi th th con s 2 = x x2 y ln (1) xem. Bi v n hin kh b n phng trnh (1).
Nh vy ta s c phng trnh (1) l
p
2
2
2
2 3
2
2
x + 1 3x y + x x y .4y = 8x y
4y + 1 1
y
n
x2 + 1 + x 4x2 y = 2x2 y
4y 2 + 1 1
p
2
2
2
x + 1 + x = 2x y
4y + 1 + 1
r
p
1 1 1
1
2+1 y =
+
+
1
=
2y
+
2y
4y
x x x2
2x
Thay tr li (2) ta c
Ng
u
x
1
x + 2 = 0 x = 4, y =
2
8
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 4;
8
Cu 304
2
xy
.
1 x2 y 2 + x
3
=
2
2
5
p x +y
2
2 y2 y
x
y.
1
x
4
=
x2 + y 2
5
Gii
iu kin : 0 < x2 + y 2 1
H cho tng ng
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170
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Ly (3) (4)
x>0
y<0
2 2p
x y 1 x2 y 2 + x2
3x
=
2
2
5
p x +y
2 2
2 y2 y2
x
x
y
4y
=
x2 + y 2
5
3x 4y
=1
5
5
M ta li c
(3)
(4)
Tu
n
p
2
2
2
x y 1x y +1
=
2
2
5
p x +y
2
2
2
y x 1x y 1
=
2
2
x +y
5
v"
u 2 2 #
4
3
3x 4y u
t
+
(x2 + y 2 ) 1
5
5
5
5
ng thc xy ra khi
in
x2 + y 2 = 1
x = 3
4
5
y= x
y = 4
3
5
x > 0, y < 0
3 4
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
5 5
y
n
Cu 305
x + y = 3 24
1
1
+
=2
( x + y)
x + 3y
y + 3x
Gii
Ng
u
Nhn xt mt cht h ny. Phng trnh (2) l dng thun nht ri. Phng trnh (1) cho s
xu th kia c l ch lm n c g. phng trnh (2) biu thc v tri kh i xng. M
x = y li tha mn. Vy c l dng bt ng thc.
Ta c
y
x
1
x
x+y
1 1
2y
+
2 x + y x + 3y
2 2 x + 3y
x + 3y
x + 3y
x+ y
1
x
3
+
2 x+y 2
x + 3y
Tng t ta c
x+ y
1
y
3
+
2 x+y 2
3x + y
!
3
24 3 24
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
2
2
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Cu 306
171
1
1
35
+p
=
2
2
12
1x
1y
x
7
y
=
p
12
1 x2
1 y2
Gii
(5 x)(1 + x4 y 4 ) = (1 + x2 y 2 )3
x2 y 2 + x2 + x + y 2 = 4
Ng
u
Cu 307
x= 2
1
y =
3
x = 1
y =
2
y
n
in
Tu
n
+
=
2
r1 x r1 + y
1
x
1
+
y
7
+
=
1+x
1y
3
r
r
1+x
1+y
t
= a,
=b
a, b > 0 ta c
1x
1y
r
1+x
1x =3
r
1+y
"
1
7
a + =
a = 3, b = 2
1y =2
b
2
r
1
1
1+x
1
7
1
a
=
,
b
=
+b=
2
3
1x = 2
a
3
r
1+y
1
=
1y
3
1 1
1 1
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
, ;
2 3
3 2
Gii
Thay ln (1) ta c
(1 + x2 )(1 + y 2 )(1 + x4 y 4 ) = 1 + x2 y 2
3
3
(1 + a)(1 + b)(1 + c) 1 + abc
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
p dng vo bi trn ta c
3
p
3
3
6
6
(1 + x )(1 + y )(1 + x y ) 1 + x y
= 1 + x2 y 2
2
4 4
Cu 308
p
3
6
x +y 2+
x4
x3 + 5y 6
3
3
2y
y
9
4 3
=
x
x + 5y 6
10x2
=
Tu
n
22x2
5
Gii
y
n
in
x4
22x2
p
2
+
=
x3 + 5y 6
5 x3 + y 6
4
x
9x2
2 3
=
x + 5y 6
10y 3
Ng
u
11x2
9x2
p
2
=
+
5 x3 + y 6 20y 3
x4
11x2
9x2
p
=
3
x + 5y 6
5 x3 + y 6 20y 3
x3 + 5y 6
25 (x3 + y 6 ) 400y 6
1
2
121
81
y6
t = 15
=
t= 3
81
1 + 5t
25(1 + t) 400t
x
t=
565
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r
x3
x3
+
2 +
15
x3
thay ln (1) ta c
15
4 x
3x
22x
22x2
2+
=
3 =
x
5
4
5
15
x3 +
3
x4
2y
1
+ 2 + 2y = 5 + 4x
x x
x2 + x y 2x y = 2x 1
(x + y)2 +
in
Cu 309
Tu
n
64
4
6
x = 15 y = 50625
80
102400
y=6
x=
3
81
!
!
r
r
4
64
80
102400
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
; 6
,
; 6
15
50625
3
81
Gii
1
= a, 2x y = b 0. Ta c
x
(
ab=2
a2 2b2 = 7
Ng
u
t x + y +
y
n
iu kin : x 6= 0, 2x y 0.
H cho tng ng
x + y 2x y = 2
x
2
1
x+y+
2(2x y) = 7
x
x + y + 1 2x y = 2
x
(
a = 3, b = 1
a = 5, b = 3
TH1 : a = 3, b = 1 ta c
x + y + 1 = 3
x
2x y = 1
"
1
1
x = ,y =
3
3
x = 1, y = 1
TH2 : a = 5, b = 3 ta c
x + y + 1 = 5
x
2x y = 9
13 + 2 46
,y =
x=
3
3
7 + 46
2 46 13
x=
,y =
3
3
46
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Vy h cho c nghim :
!
7 46 13 + 2 46
1 1
;
,
;
,
(x; y) = (1; 1),
3 3
3
3
Cu 310
46 2 46 13
;
3
3
Tu
n
7+
Gii
iu kin : y 0
H cho tng ng
3
8x + 12x2 y + 1 = 20
3
2
(2x + y + 1)3 = 27 y + 1 = 3 2x
y + 1 + 6x y + 1 = 7
Thay ln (1) ta c
"
2
1
1
1
x
+
+x
=0
x
x3 y
1
3x2 + 2 = 4
y
Ng
u
Cu 311
y
n
in
x=1
1
5 105
x=
8
1
Gii
H cho tng ng
2
x
x2 + 2 + = 2
x
y
1
2
3x +
=4
y2
4
2x
2x2 + 2 +
=4
x
y
3x2 +
=4
y2
1
2
=x
1
4
y
x
= 2 1
y
x
=x+
y
2
x
2
x
(3)
(4)
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Tu
n
2
+ y) x2 + y + 3x2 (x 1) = 3x(1 y) + 1
(4x
2
r
p
y
+ 1 = 3 x(1 y) + 2
1x
Cu 312
p
x2 + y + x
3
= (x + 1)3
p
x2 + y = 1 y = 1 x2
in
Gii
y
iu kin : x 6= 1,
0, x(1 y) 2, x2 + y 0
1x
Phng trnh (1) tng ng
p
p
(x2 + y) x2 + y + 3x2 x2 + y + 3x(x2 + y) + x3 = x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1
Thay vo (2) ta c
2
3
3
1 + x + 1 = x3 + 2 x + 2 + 2 x + 1 = x3 + 2 x + 2
y
n
6(x + 1)2 0 x = 1
Ng
u
r
r
1
1
2+
x2 +
+
y
=
2
7
x2
y2
6 + 1 =1
x + y xy
Cu 313
iu kin : x, y 6= 0
H cho tng ng
r
r
1
1
2
x +
+ y2 + 2 = 2 7
2
x
y
x
+
y
=x+y
6 +
xy
Gii
s
s
2
2
1
1
x
y
+2+
+2=2 7
y
x
1
1
+ y
=6
x
x
y
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
(
a+b=6
2
a + 2 + b2 + 2 = 2 7
(V N )
Vy h cho v nghim
Tu
n
Cu 314
p
p
2 + 2xy + 2y 2 +
5x
5y 2 + 2xy + 2x2 = 3(x + y)
3
2x + y + 1 + 2. 7x + 12y + 8 = 2xy + y + 5
Gii
Nhn thy ngay s thun nht ca phng trnh (1) v d thy x = y th phng trnh (1)
ng, vy ta tin hnh tch cho ph hp. Ta c
q
q
2
2
V T = (x y) + (2x + y) + (x y)2 + (2y + x)2 |2x + y| + |2y + x| 3 (x + y)
in
3x + 1 + 2 3 19x + 8 = 2x2 + x + 5
y
n
3x + 1 (x + 1) + 2 3 19x + 8 (x + 2) = 2x2 2x
x+7
1
+ 2 = 0
+ 2. q
(x x2 )
2
2
3
3x + 1 + x + 1
3
(19x + 8) + (x + 2) 19x + 8 + (x + 2)
Ng
u
Cu 315
5x2 + 6x + 3xy + y + 5 = 0
9x3 + 21x2 + 27x + 2y 3 + 7 = 0
Gii
H cho tng ng
a3 + b3 + 2y 3 = 0
(a + b)3 3ab (a + b) + 2y 3 = 0 ()
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a+b
= t (y 6= 0). Khi (***)
y
tng ng
t = 1 y = a + b = 3x + 1
t = 2 2y = 3x + 1
y2
7x
=
2
x
2y
x2
7y
=
2
y
2x
in
Gii
Cu 316
x2 y +
2
3
y2 x +
2
Tu
n
1
3
t3 t2 + 2 = 0
2
2
=
+y
x+
x
2
y
2
x
y
7
y+
x+
=
y
2
x
y
n
x
y
= a, y + = b. H cho tng ng
x
y
"
a2 = 7 b
a=b=0
2
7
b 2 = 7 a
a=b=
2
2
Ng
u
t x +
TH1 :
x + x = 0
x
y + = 0
y
TH2 :
x = y = 1
3
x
=
3,
y
=
2
7
5
2 x = ,y = 5
7
2
2
2
3
x = ,y = 3
2
5 5
3
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1),
;
, 3;
,
;3
2 2
2
2
x + =
x
x
y + =
y
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 317
4+ x + y 1 = x + 1
+ 3y + 6
x3 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 8 x2 + 4. 3y + 6
Gii
M theo (1) ta c
x2
p
+4
x + 1 + 3y + 6 = 8
x+1+
3y + 6 4 , x2 + 4 2
Vy V T 8
ng thc xy ra khi
(
x=0
x+y1=0
(
x=0
y=1
in
p
2 x + 1 + 1 2 = 3 x2 + 4y + 16
p
4y
x2 +
= 2(9x 1) 2x3 y
x
Cu 318
Tu
n
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
Thay vo (1) v ta c
2
3
x + 1 + 1 = x3 + 2
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179
p
2y
x3 y =
x(4x 1)
p
7 4y
3
2x2 + 8y =
x(x + 1)
Cu 319
Gii
1
4
Phng trnh th nht tng ng
p
(4x2 2x) x3 y = 2y
t
p
x3 y = t 0 y = x3 t2 thay li vo ta c
Tu
n
iu kin : x3 y, x 6= 1, 0,
(x 2t)(2x2 + t) = 0 x = 2t 0 4y = 4x3 x2
8x3 =
3
7 4x3 + x2
2x2 (x + 1) = 7 4x3 + x2 x = 1 y =
x(x + 1)
4
3
1;
4
in
y
n
1
2
(x y 2 )2
+ 2xy 1
3x y
+ 3x + y = 9
2
x y2
Ng
u
Cu 320
2
2
5(x + y ) 1 +
1
2
(x y 2 )2
= 35
Gii
5(x2 + y 2 ) 2xy
2
2
= 35
5(x + y ) + 2xy +
(x y)2 (x + y)2
2(x y) + x + y
+ 2(x + y) + x y = 9
(x y)(x + y)
= 35
3(x + y)2 + 2(x y)2 +
(x y)2 (x + y)2
1
1
+ xy+
=9
2 x + y +
x+y
xy
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
1
1
2
2
+ 2 (x y) +
= 35
3 (x + y) +
(x +
y)2
(x y)2
1
1
+ xy+
=9
2 x + y +
x+y
xy
1
1
,b = x y +
,
x+y
xy
(
3a2 + 2b2 = 45
2a + b = 9
a = 3, b = 3
39
21
a = ,b =
11
11
x+y =
(L)
3+ 5
2
3 5
2
3+ 5
2
3 5
2
t a = x + y +
Tu
n
2
2
1
1
3 x + y +
+2 xy+
= 45
x + y
x y
1
1
2 x + y +
+ xy+
=9
x+y
xy
1
=3
x+y
x y +
=3
xy
x+y =
in
x + y +
xy =
xy =
7x + y 2x + y = 4
2 2x + y 5x + 8 = 2
Ng
u
Cu 321
y
n
3
5
3 5
3 5
3+ 5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
,
;0 ,
;0
2
2
2 2
2
2
Gii
Hnh thc bi h kh ging cu 87, tc l cu VMO 2000-2001. Tuy nhin, bi ny level cao
hn.
8
iu kin : y min{2x, 7x}, x
5
Phng trnh th nht tng ng
7x + y = 4 +
2x + y
7x + y = 2x + y + 8 2x + y + 16
5x + 8 = 8 2x + y + 24
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2x + y = a 0, 5x + 8 = b 0. H cho tng ng
(
(
(
x = 56
2a b = 2
a=5
2x + y = 25
5
13
b2 = 8a + 24
b=8
5x + 8 = 64
y =
5
56 13
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
5 5
Cu 322
Tu
n
n y kt hp vi (2) ta t
(x + y)(3xy 4 x) = 2
(x + y)(3xy + 4 y) = 2
Gii
in
i vi loi h "sut sot" i xng th ny. Ta thng cng hoc tr hai phng trnh cho
nhau.
iu kin : x, y 0
Ly (1) + (2) v (1) (2) ta c h mi
(
(
3xy = 2( x y)
()
(x + y)(3xy 2 x + 2 y) = 0
(x + y)( x + y) = 1
1 = (x + y)( x + y)
y
n
v
!2
u
u
y
=
0
(L)
2
3
6y 2 = 2 y
21
y=t
3
3 y = 21
3
Ng
u
v
!2 v
!2
u
u
u
u
21
21
3
3
;t
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 2t
3
3
Cu 323
r
2
1
1
+
5y
=
y
+
2
y
+
1
4 1+ 2 +
x
(x + 1)2
r
2
1
1
+
5x
=
x
+
2
y
+
1
4 1+ 2 +
y
(y + 1)2
Gii
Hnh thc bi h r rng l i xng. Tuy nhin vi hnh thc nh th ny cc phng php
thng thng kh c th chi c. Tuy nhin nu ai ch th ng thc trong cn thc kh
quen thuc.
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
iu kin : x, y > 0
Trc ht ta bin i biu thc trong cn
1+
1
1
x2 (x + 1)2 + (x + 1)2 + x2
x2 (x + 1)2 + 2x(x + 1) + 1
+
=
=
x2 (x + 1)2
x2 (x + 1)2
x2 (x + 1)2
(x(x + 1) + 1)
=
=
x2 (x + 1)2
1
1+
x(x + 1)
2
in
Tu
n
Vy h cho tng ng
p
p
1
1
+ 5y = 5y + 4 + 4 y(y + 1)
= y(y + 1)
4 1 +
x(x + 1)
x(x + 1)
p
p
1
1
= x(x + 1)
+ 5x = 5x + 4 + 4 x(x + 1)
4 1 +
y(y + 1)
y(y + 1)
p
p
a, b > 0. H cho tr thnh
t x(x + 1) = a, y(y + 1) = b,
(
1
1
+
5
a =
x =
x(x
+
1)
=
1
2
b
2
a=b=1
1
y(y + 1) = 1
b =
y = 1 + 5
a2
2
!
1 + 5 1 + 5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
2
2
y
n
Cu 324
11 2y 2
+ 1 + 2x = y 4 10x2 24x 14
3
3
2y 3x + 4(2x + 3) = 2xy 2 + 3y 2 + 6x2 + 17x + 12
Gii
Ng
u
1 2x + 1 + 2x = 2 x2
2 + 2 1 4x4 = x4 4x2 + 4
x4 (x4 8x2 + 20) = 0 x = 0 y = 2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (0; 2)
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qp
4
xy 9 y 4 = y(1 x)
1+
p
4
x2 y 3 + 4 xy y + 1 = 4 y
Gii
ng thc xy ra khi
(T M )
(2x + y 1) x + 3 + xy + x = 8 x
2
x + 3 + xy + xy = 2x(6 x)
Cu 326
in
(
x = 1
y xy = 1
p
2
y = 2
xy 9 y 4 = 0
1
;1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2
Tu
n
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
x
+
3
+ y+1 =8
(2x + y 1)
x
!2
r
x
+
3
+ y + y = 2(6 x)
x
r
x+3
t 2x + y = a,
+ y = b > 0 ta c h mi
x
(
(
(
(a 1)(b + 1) = 8
a=3
x=1
a = 12 b2
b=3
y=1
Cu 327
4x2 3y = 0
(2x2 + y)[4x4 3x2 + y(4x2 + y + 6)] = 8
Gii
184
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
H cho tng ng vi
(
2x2 + y + 2(x2 2y) = 2
(2x2 + y) [(2x2 + y)2 3(x2 2y)] = 8
t 2x2 + y = a, x2 2y = b ta c h mi
(
a=2
b=0
r
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
Cu 328
4 2
;
5 5
r
,
4 2
;
5 5
!
x + x + 2y = y 2 + y + 2
y 2 + 3xy + x + y 10 = 0
in
Gii
x = 4
5
y = 2
5
(
2x2 + y = 2
x2 2y = 0
Tu
n
(
a + 2b = 2
a(a2 3b) = 8
iu kin : x + 2y 0
Phng trnh th nht tng ng
x + 2y +
p
x + 2y y 2 3y 2 = 0
y
n
x + 2y = y + 1
Qu tuyt vi khi n chnh phng. T ta c
x + 2y = y 2
2
TH1 : x + 2y = y + 1 x = y + 1 thay vo (2) ta c
4y 3 + y 2 + 4y 9 = 0 y = 1 x = 2
x + 2y = y 2 x = y 2 + 2y + 4 thay vo (2) ta c
Ng
u
TH2 :
3y 3 + 8y 2 + 15y 6 = 0 y =
1
3
(L)
Cu 329
2
2
10x
p + 5y 2xy
p38x 6y + 41 = 0
3
x + xy + 6y y 3 + x2 1 = 2
Gii
Phng trnh (2) kh c th lm n c g. Nhn thy phng trnh th nht ang l tam
thc nn th khai thc n xem.
Phng trnh (1) vit li nh sau
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Cu 330
Tu
n
p
3x2 + 4x 5 = y 2 6y 1
x + 1 = 17 4y 16x
Gii
p
1 y 2 6y 1
y 2 6y 1
2
in
3x2 + 4x 5 =
6x2 + 8x 10 + y 2 + 6y 0
()
Ly () () ta c
()
y
n
(
x=1
5(x 1)2 + (y + 1)2 0
y = 1
Ng
u
2.12
Cu 331 n cu 360
Cu 331
Nhn xt phng trnh (2) l tam thc, phng trnh (1) l hai hm ring bit ca n. Chc
nhn ra loi ny ri ch ? Mi bn c xem li t cu 77.
Ta vit li phng trnh th hai nh sau
(
(
1 y 7
x2 + x(y 7) + y 2 6y + 14 = 0
y 0
3
10
y 2 + y(x 6) + x2 7x + 14 = 0
x 0
2 x
3
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Tu
n
x = 2
ng thc xy ra khi
7 . Thay li vo phng trnh (2) thy tha mn.
y =
3
7
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 2;
3
8
100
5
x3 y 3 + (x + y)2 5x2 xy + 13x =
3
3
3
x2 + y 2 + xy 3x 4y + 4 = 0
in
Cu 332
Gii
y
n
Dng rt ging cu trn, tuy nhin phng trnh u cc bin x, y khng hon ton ri nhau
na m b rng buc bi xy. Vy c cch no dt c bn ny ra khng ? Xin tha l c.
Tht kho lo ta th xy t (2) ln (1) l ta s tch hon ton c x, y. Nh vy th xy t (2)
ln (1) v ta dng mt h mi sau y
(
3x3 + 18x2 + 45x + 2y 2 3y 3 + 8y = 108
x2 + y 2 + xy 3x 4y + 4 = 0
Ng
u
n y qu quen thuc ngay trn ri. Xin nhng li cho bn c gii nt. Bi ny lu hn
bi trn ch ta phi lp bng
bin thin
hm g(y) v n khng n iu.
4 4
;
H cho c nghim : (x; y) =
3 3
Cu 333
y(xy 1)
2
=
2
y +1
5
x(xy
1)
1
=
2
x +1
2
Gii
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1
1
= a, = b ta c h mi
x
y
1 ab
2
=
2
a(b + 1)
5
1
ab
1
=
2
b(a + 1)
2
2
a(b + 1)
5
=
1 ab
2
b(a + 1) = 1
1 ab
2
ab=
Tu
n
2
y
1 + 1
2
y
1
x =1
1 + 1
2
x
(
x=1
y=2
a = 1
1
b =
2
in
Thay li v ta d dng tm c
y
n
Cu 334
x + y = 4xy
p
Ng
u
1
1
iu kin : x ; y
4
4
Ch ng thc sau
188
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
(
x + y + 1 + 1 = 4(x + y)2 +
3
2x y =
2
Cu 335
3(x + y)
Gii
(2x + 2y + 1)(2x + 2y 1) + p
2x + 2y 1
=0
3(x + y) + x + y + 1
2x + 2y = 1
in
Cu 336
x4 3 y = 3x + y
x y(y 1) = 3(x + y)
Tu
n
Gii
()
y
n
t t = y 0. H cho tng ng
(
2
x4 t2 = 3x + 3t
4
2
3
2
t
=
xt
xt
(x
t)
x(x
+
xt
+
t
)
+
t
=0
xt3 xt = 3x + 3t
Ng
u
x(x2 + xt + t2 ) + t =
xt(x2 + xt + t2 ) + t2
xt(x2 + xt + t2 ) + t2 (xt3 xt 3x 3t)
=
t
t
=
(x + t)(x2 t + t + 3
t
Vy (*) c th vit li l
(x2 t2 )(x2 t + t + 3) = 0 x = t
(Dot 0)
n y gii ra x, t v tr li bin y
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (0; 0), (1; 1), (2; 4)
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189
x3 6x2 y = 8y 3
6
2
4xy + x = 2y + 2y x + 1 + 1
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : 2y x + 1 0
H cho tng ng
(
x3 6x2 y 8y 3 = 6
12xy 2 = 3(2y + 1 x) + 3 2y + 1 x
p
2y x + 1 3
3
t+1+1
=0
3
t = 3t + 3 t + 1 3 t t2 + 3 +
in
1
1
3
y=
x
=
2
3
4
4
1
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
; 2
3
4
4
3
5x2 + y 2 6x 11 = 0
x + 2x p
3 y2 7 6
x2 + x = p
y2 7
Ng
u
Cu 338
y
n
y3 =
Gii
iu kin : y 2 7
Phng trnh th nht tng ng
Vy t x2 + x = a,
TH1 :
(x2 + x 6)(x2 + x) + (y 2 7) = 4
p
y 2 7 = b 0. H cho tng ng
a(a 6) + b2 = 4
a = 0, b = 2
3b 6
a = 1, b = 3
a =
b
(
x2 + x = 0
p
y2 7 = 2
(
x = 0, x = 1
y = 11
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
TH2 :
1
x=
y = 4
(
x2 + x = 1
p
y2 7 = 3
Cu 339
Ly (1) (2) ta c
y 4 (1 2xy) = xy 5 (2 3xy)
V y = 0 khng l nghim. T suy ra
"
1
thay vo (1) ta c
y
in
TH1 : xy = 1 x =
xy = 1
1
xy =
3
3(xy)2 4xy + 1 = 0
Tu
n
1 5
1 5
x=
y = (y + 1) y =
2
2
TH2 : xy =
1
1
x=
thay vo (1) ta c
3
3y
y
n
3y 4 = (y + 3)2
(L)
!
1 5 1 5
;
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2
2
Ng
u
Cu 340
2x y +
x 1 = 2x 2 + 2(2x y)2
y 2 + 4x x 1 = 17
Gii
Bi ton xut hin trong thi th ca Chuyn Nguyn Hu. Mt bi ton kh c sc.
iu kin x 1
t 2x y = a, x 1 = b phng trnh (1) tng ng
p
a + b = 2(a2 + b2 ) a = b
2x x 1 = y 4x2 + x 1 = y 2 + 4x x 1
T suy ra
4x2 + x 1 = 17 x = 2 y = 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 3)
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x2 + y 2 + xy = 3x 2
4
(x2 + xy)4 + (y 2 + 2) = 17x4
Gii
(
x2 + xy = x
y 2 + 2 = 2x
TH2 :
(
x2 + xy = 2x
y2 + 2 = x
x = 1, y = 0
x = 3, y = 2
in
TH1 :
Tu
n
Phng trnh (2) kh phc tp khi hng ng thc bc 4. T tng vn gi nguyn khi gp
loi ny : phn tch nhn t hoc t n ph.
Nhn thy x = 0 khng l nghim ca h.
H cho tng ng
2
x + xy y 2 + 2
+
=3
x2 + xy + y 2 + 2 = 3x
x
x
4
4
2
2
4
x
+
xy
y
+
2
+
= 17
x
x
(
a+b=3
a = 1, b = 2
4
4
a = 2, b = 1
a + b = 17
x = 2, y = 0
x = 3, y = 1
y
n
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 0), (3; 2), (2; 0), (3; 1)
Gii
Ng
u
Cu 342
3x2 2x 5 + 2x x2 + 1 = 2(y + 1) y 2 + 2y + 2
x2 + 2y 2 = 2x 4y + 3
x2 + x x2 + 1 = (y + 1)2 + (y + 1) (y + 1)2 + 1
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
(
Cu 343
1
2
4x(x3 x2 + x 1) = y 2 + 2xy 2
x2 + y 2 =
Gii
1
x2 t (1) xung (2) ta c
2
4x4 4x3 + 5x2 4x = 2xy
3
2
1
Ta c 2xy x2 + y 2 = . Nh vy (*) suy ra
2
Tu
n
Thay y 2 =
()
1
2
Cu 344
x2 + y 2 = 1
in
1 1
;
2 2
1
1
y=
2
2
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
Nhn tng quan h ta thy cc biu thc kh ging cc cng thc lng gic. Vy ta t
x = cost, y = sint vi t [ ; ].
2
Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c
t = + k
3
12
2 sin 3t cos 3t = 1 sin 6t = 1
t [ ; ]
2
k = 0, 1, 2
3
5
5
3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = cos ; sin
, cos ; sin
, cos ; sin
12
12
12
12
4
4
Cu 345
x
y
+
x2=2 p
p
2
2
x + y xy(x y) + xy y 2 = 2 2(x y 1)
Gii
H cho tng ng
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193
(x
y)
x
y
+
(x
y)
xp
2 = 2x 2y
p
2
2
2x + 2y 2xy (x y) + 2xy 2y 2 = 4 (x y 1)
q
( q
3
(x y) + (x y)2 (x 2) = 2x 2y
p
p
2x2 + 2y 2 2xy (x y) + 2xy 2y 2 = 4 (x y 1)
q
q
p
p
3
2
2
(x y) 2x + 2y 2xy (x y) + (x y)2 (x 2) 2xy 2y 2 = 4 2x + 2y
(x y 2)
x2 +y 2
(xy)3 +
x2 xy
(xy)2 (x2)+
2xy2y 2
xy2=0
2+
x2=2x=84 2y =64 2
+2
=0
in
Cu 346
x4 + 8y = 4(x3 1) 16 3
y 4 + 8x = 4(y 3 1) + 16 3
Tu
n
Gii
y
n
Bi ton ny c cng 1 tng vi 1 bi ton khc ti nu phn gia cun sch H phng
trnh cho tng ng vi:
4
x 4x3 + 8y = 4 16 3
y 4 4y 3 + 8x = 4 + 16 3
Ng
u
2
2
x2 2x 2 + y 2 2y 2 = 0
(
x=1 3
y =1 3
Thay li vo h th.
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 1 + 3; 1 3
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
x + 1 + y+ 1 = 3
Cu 347
Gii
Tu
n
Ly P T (2) 2P T (1) ta c
p
p
( x + 1 + y + 1)( x + 1 y + 1 2) = 0
(
x+1=1
(
y+1=2
x+1 y+1=2
x = 0, y = 3
x = 3, y = 0
x+1+ y+1=3
x+1=2
y+1=1
3 x9 18y 27x 29
x y 1 = 2x + x2 + x 2
3
p
in
Cu 348
Gii
Ng
u
y
n
x2 + x 2 0
x2 + x 2 0
Phng trnh th (2) tng ng
p
x4 + 2x2 y 2x2 + 2x + y 2 4y + 11 = 6 3 4(x y + 1)
p
(x2 + y)2 2(x2 + y) + 2(x y + 1) + 8 = 6 3 4(x y + 1)
p
(x2 + y 1)2 + 2(x y + 1) + 8 = 6 3 4(x y + 1)
Ta c
p
p
6 3 4(x y + 1) = 3 3 2(x y + 1).4.4 2(x y + 1) + 4 + 4
T suy ra
x2 + y 1 = 0
2.(x y + 1) = 4
x = 1, y = 0
x = 2, y = 3
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195
x3 + xy 2y 3 = 0
3y 3 + 3xy + 1 = 0
Gii
x3 + xy 2 3xy 1 = 0
3
3
3y = 3xy 1
Tu
n
Liu ban c cn nh y l loi h no khng ? Chc ch nh, y cng chng loi vi nhng
bi h s dng phng php nhn 2 phng trnh vi nhau to n mi.
Thay y 3 t phng trnh (2) ln (1) ta c h mi sau y
(
3x3 = 9xy 2
3y 3 = 3xy 1
(3)
(4)
in
3 + 3 3 7 + 3 49
t=
3
9a 2 3a 1
3 + 3 3 7 + 3 49
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
vi a =
3
3
3
y
n
Ng
u
Cu 350
3x + 4
x + 3y + 1 = y 2 1 +
y
x+1
9y 2 +
3
7x + 2y + 2 = 2y + 3
Gii
2
9
Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng:
iu kin : x 1, y
x + 3y + 1 = y 2
1
1
+3 x+1+
y
x+1
1
1
x+13 x+1
= y 2 3y (?)
y
x+1
Xt hm s f (t) = t2 3t
1
trn (0; ) ta c
t
f 0 (t) = 2t 3 +
1
2t3 3t2 + 1
(t 1)2 (2t + 1)
=
=
0
t2
t2
t2
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196
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
9y 2 + 3 7y 2 + 2y 5 = 2y + 3
p
y + 2 9y 2 + y + 1 3 7y 2 + 2y 5 = 0
y 3 4y 2 + y + 6
y 2 5y + 6
+
=0
A
y + 2 + 9y 2
y+1
1
2
+
=0
(y 5y + 6)
A
y + 2 + 9y 2
p
p
Vi A = (y + 1)2 + (y + 1) 3 7y 2 + 2y 5 + 3 (7y 2 + 2y 5)2 > 0
2
y+1
1
Do y nn
+
> 0 T suy ra
9
A
y + 2 + 9y 2
y=2x=3
2
y 5y + 6 = 0
y=3x=8
p
x 1 y 2 + y 1 x2 = 1
3x2 xy 2 + 4x = 1
Cu 351
in
Tu
n
Gii
y
n
Ng
u
3
x3 + 3x2 + 3x 1 = 0 (x + 1)3 = 2 x = 2 1
T tm nt y
2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ( 3 2 1; 1 3 2 1 )
Cu 352
2
2x
p 2y = xy 4x
12x2 + 3y + 84 = 2x + 2 x + 2 + 20 y
Gii
Bi ny nu nhn qua th ch c g c bit khi m phng trnh (1) l
y = 2x
(2x y)(x + 2) = 0
x = 2
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197
132 + 3y = 4 + 20 y y = 26 6 5
TH2 : y = 2x khi (2) s l
12x2 + 6x + 84 = 2x + 2 x + 2 + 20 2x (3)
Tu
n
Phng trnh ny ta nhm c nghim x = 2 t c th c hng nhn lin hp. Tuy nhin,
gii quyt phn cn li kh kh khn. Mt cch tinh t ta tin hnh nh gi phng trnh
ny.
Ta c
p
1
1p
1
V P = 2x + 4(x + 2) +
16(20 2x) x + (6 + x) + (36 2x)
2
4
8
Nh vy
(x2 1) + 1 = 2y(2x + 1)
x2 y 2 = 3
y
n
Cu 353
in
1
1
12x2 + 6x + 84 2x + (6 + x) + (36 2x)
4
8
15
9
12x2 + 6x + 84 ( + x)2
2
4
111
(x 2)2 0 x = 2
16
Gii
Ng
u
p dng bt ng thc AM GM ta c
x2 + 4y 2 + 2y + 8 4xy + 2y + 8 = (x2 1)2 + 9 6(x2 1) x2 + 4y 2 + 2y + 8 6(x2 1) (?)
Thay vo h ta c x = 2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 1)
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198
Cu 354
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
3
= (x 1) x3 + 2 + 1
y
y = x2 + x + 1
Gii
Tu
n
Mt bi ton mang tnh "la tnh" kh cao c xut bi thy L Trung Tn. k khi
nhn 2 phng trnh v vi v s ch cn li x. Ta thc hin bin i nh trn thu c
3 = x3 1
x3 + 2 + 1
t t = x3 + 2 x3 = t2 2, t > 0
Khi phng trnh tr thnh
3
3 = (t + 1) t2 3 (t 2) t2 + 3t + 3 = 0 t = 2 x = 2
Cu 355
x(x2 + y 2 ) = 42
2x2 + x y 2 + 2y + xy = 11
in
Gii
y
n
Ng
u
TH1 : x = 2 y = 17
TH2 : x = 3; y = 1 thay li h thy khng
tha.
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 17)
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199
Tu
n
Tr tru thay ! Hnh thc kh i xng th m hng s cht tit kia khin hi vng tr thnh
tht vng. Khi bn c nhng cu c hnh thc kiu na n i xng th ny th li gii thng
lm g. Cn g na ! Cng 2 phng trnh li cho ti.
Ly P T (1) + P T (2) ta c
(x4 2x3 11x2 + 12x + y 4 2y 3 11y 2 + 12y + 72 = 0 (x2 x 6)2 + (y 2 y 6)2 = 0
Nh vy tc l
(
x2 x 6 = 0
y2 y 6 = 0
(
x = 3, x = 2
y = 3, y = 2
Cu 357
x2 y + y = 2x
y 4 x2 = 2(1 x)
in
Gii
H cho tng ng
y
n
y = 2x
1 + x2
y 4 = (x 1)2 + 1
Ng
u
Hy k n dng buc ca y.
T phng trnh (2) ta c ngay y 4 1 y 2 1
2x
T phng trnh (1 d chng minh 1
1 1 y 1 Vy rng buc ca y tri
1 + x2
ngc. N tha mn khi y = 1, x = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1)
Cu 358
p
1 + 4 y(x 1) = 4y + (x y)2
y+x3=0
Gii
iu kin : y 0, x 1
Phng trnh th nht tng ng
p
2
200
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
y2=0y =1x=2
Cu 359
x4 = 2x2 y + 3xy
y 2 = 4x2 3x3
Gii
H cho tng ng
Tu
n
in
y
n
13 1
1 13
; 4 + 13 ,
; 4 s 13 ,
(x; y) = (0; 0),
2
2
!
73 11 53 7 73
,
;
2
2
!
73 53 + 7 73
;
2
p
x 4 y 2 = y 4 x2
y 2 x3 + 3x = 2
Ng
u
Cu 360
11
2
Gii
iu kin : 2 x, y 2
Phng trnh th nht ta suy ra
4x2 x2 y 2 = 4y 2 x2 y 2 y 2 = x2
Thay vo (2) ta c
x3 x2 3x + 2 = 0
x=2
1 5
x=
2
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2.13
Cu 361 n cu 390
Cu 361
1
2
!
5 1 5
;
2
Tu
n
Vi x = 2 y
= 2
1 + 5
1 + 5
y=
Vi x =
2
2
1 5
1 5
Vi x =
y=
2
2
Tt nhin phi loi nghim ngoi lai do php bnh phng (1)
!
1 + 5 1 + 5
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 2), (2; 2),
;
,
2
2
9y 3 x3 = 8
y 2 xy + 8x = 8
Gii
H cho tng ng
in
3
x y 3 + 8(x3 + 1) = 0
y 2 xy + 8(x + 1) = 0
(1)
(2)
y
n
TH1 : x = y 8x3 = 8 x = y = 1
TH2 : y = 1 x = 1
TH3 : y = x2 thay xung (2) ta c
x4 + x3 + 8x + 8 = 0 x = 2, y = 4
Ng
u
Cu 362
4x3 + y 3 3xy 2 = 8
3x2 + 24x + 3xy = 24
Gii
H cho tng ng
(
4x3 + y 3 3xy 2 = 8
3x3 + 24x2 + 3x2 y = 24x
Cng 2 phng trnh trn cho nhau ta c
7x3 + y 3 3xy 2 + 3x2 y + 24x2 = 24x 8 (x y)3 = 8(x + 1)3 y = x 2
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Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 363
Tu
n
2
4
3x2 24x 3x(x + 2) = 24 x = y =
3
3
4 2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ;
3 3
2
y2
x
+
xy =1
y
x
x+y
(x y)4 =
xy
Gii
iu kin : x, y 6= 0
Phng trnh (1) suy ra
in
(x + y)(x2 xy + y 2 xy)
= 1 (x + y)(x y)2 = xy
xy
Thay vo (2) ta c
(x + y)3 = x3 y 3 x + y = xy
Nh vy (2) s l
(?)
(x y)4 = 1 x y = 1
Ng
u
y
n
!
3 5 1 5
1 5 3 5
(x; y) =
;
,
;
,
2
2
2
2
Cu 364
!
1+ 5 3+ 5
;
,
2
2
!
3+ 5 1+ 5
;
2
2
1 1
+ = 2 1 2x + 2y + 1
x y
x2 7xy + y 2 + 1 = 0
x+y+
Gii
Mt bi ton
kh hc ba ca thy L Trung Tn.
x 1 ; x 6= 0
2
iu kin :
1
y
; y 6= 0
2
Phng trnh (2) khng th lm n c g. Mu cht c l l t (1). Nhn thy biu thc
cha 2 bin ri nhau hon ton, nh vy c th s xt hm s hoc nhm chng li ra ci
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203
g c bit.
Thc hin php bin i (1) ta c
1
1
2 1 2x + y + 2 2y + 1 = 0
x
y
1 2
1 2
x 2x 1 2x + 1 2x +
y 2y 2y + 1 + 2y + 1 = 0
x
y
2 1
2
x 1 2x +
y 2y + 1 = 0
x
y
Tu
n
x+
(x + y)(x2 + y 2 ) = 15
y4 + y = x
y
n
Cu 365
in
x = 1 2x
x = 1 2
y = 2y + 1
y =1 2
(
(
x = 1 2
x = 1 + 2
hoc
So vi iu kin th ta suy ra
y =1+ 2
y =1 2
Gii
Ng
u
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204
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 366
p
x3 + x2 +2y + 1 = x2 y + y + 1
(x + y 1) y + 1 = 10
Gii
iu kin : y 1, x2 + 2y + 1 0
Phng trnh th nht tng ng
p
x2 + 2y + 1 (y + 1) = 0
Tu
n
x2 (x y) +
x2 y 2
x (x y) + p
=0
x2 + 2y + 1 + y + 1
!
x
+
y
=0
(x y) x2 + p
x2 + 2y + 1 + y + 1
in
4x2 y 2 + 8xy 3y 2 = 1
6xy + 4x + y = 3
y
n
Cu 367
Gii
Ng
u
1 3
2x +
y 2
2
=
25
4
205
Cu 368
5x
2y x = 1
2 2y x + 3xy = 2x2 + y 2 + 3x 1
Gii
Tu
n
!
4 42 42 4
4 + 42 4 42
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
4
13
4
13
x
y 5x
2
iu kin :
y
n
in
Vi x = y thay (1) ta c 4x x = 1 x = 1
22
Vi y = 2x 3 thay (1) ta c 3x + 3 3x 6 = 1 x =
3
22 35
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1),
;
3 3
Ng
u
Cu 369
x
2
y1=1
p
x + 8x + y 2 = 8
Gii
T (1) ta c x 2 = 1+ y 1 1 x 3
T (2) ta c V T 3 + 8.3 + 1 = 8
ng thc xy ra khi x = 3, y = 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (3; 1)
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206
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 370
(x2 + 9)(x2
+ 9y) = 22(y 1)2
x2 2 4y y + 1 = 0
Gii
p
(x 2y) 3x + 8y + 4 x2 4xy + 4y 2 16 = 6
p
(y 4x) 3y + 2x + 2 x2 4xy + 4y 2 16 = 10
in
Gii
Cu 371
Tu
n
iu kin : y 1
t x2 + 9 = a, y 1 = b. Phng trnh th nht tng ng
2
a = 11b
x = 11y + 2
2
a(a + 9b) = 22b
a = 2b
x2 = 2y 11
Ng
u
y
n
Bi ton xut hin trong 1 thi th ca page Hi nhng ngi n thi i hc trn
facebook. Khng hiu tn no ngh ra th loi h ny ?
Cng 2 phng trnh v vi v ta c
p
(x 2y)(3x + 8y) + (y 4x)(3y + 2x) 2(2x + 3y) x2 4xy + 4y 2 16 = 16
p
5x2 10xy 13y 2 2(2x + 3y) x2 4xy + 4y 2 16 = 16
p
(x2 4xy + 4y 2 16) + 2(2x + 3y) x2 4xy + 4y 2 16 + (2x + 3y)2 = 0
2
p
2x + 3y + x2 4xy + 4y 2 16 = 0
p
x2 4xy + 4y 2 16 = (2x + 3y)
Thay li vo c 2 phng trnh ta c
(
(x 2y)(5x + 4y) = 6
(y 4x)(3y + 2x) = 10
H ng cp r rng ri nh. T gii nt
nh
!
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Cu 372
207
121x 122y
x4 y 4 =
4xy
122x + 121y
4
2
2
x + 14x y + y 4 =
x2 + y 2
Gii
Tu
n
iu kin : x, y 6= 0
H cho tng ng
121x 122y
4xy(x2 y 2 ) =
(1)
x2 + y 2
122x + 121y
x4 + 14x2 y 2 + y 4 =
(2)
x2 + y 2
Cu 373
in
(2).x (1).y
x5 + 10x3 y 2 + 5xy 4 = 122
(x y)5 = 1
(
x+y =3
x = 2, y = 1
xy =1
x2
y2 = 1
2011
x 2011 y = ( 2013 y
x)(x + y + xy + 2014)
2013
y
n
Gii
Ng
u
1
x=y=
1
x = y =
2
1 1
1
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ; , ;
2 2
2
2
Cu 374
x2 + y 2 = 1
x10 + y 10 =
1
8
Gii
208
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
x2
1
1
+ a, y 2 = a thay ht vo (2) ta c
2
2
5
5
1
5
1
1
1
+a +
a = 5a4 + a2
=0
2
2
8
2
16
r
1 1
a=
30 5
2 5
Tu
n
T suy ra x2 =
1
1
= y2 = a
2
2
in
n y thay tr li d dng tm c
sx, y
s
!
q
q
1
1
5 5( 30 5) ;
5 + 5( 30 5)
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
10
10
s
s
!
q
q
1
1
5 5( 30 5) ;
5 + 5( 30 5)
10
10
s
s
!
q
q
1
1
5 5( 30 5) ;
5 + 5( 30 5)
10
10
s
s
!
q
q
1
1
5 5( 30 5) ;
5 + 5( 30 5)
10
10
s
s
!
q
q
1
1
5 + 5( 30 5) ;
5 5( 30 5)
10
10
Cu 375
2x2 + xy + y = 5
x4 + x3 y + x2 (y + 1) + xy + y = 9
y
n
Ng
u
H cho tng ng
2
(x + 1) + (x2 + xy + y) = 6
(x2 + 1) (x2 + xy + y) = 9
Gii
x2 + 1 = 3
x2 + xy + y = 3
x=
2y=
1
x= 2y = 21
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = ( 2; 1 2), ( 2; 2 1)
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Cu 376
209
(
x2 y 2 + 4x2 y 3xy 2 + x2 + y 2 = 12xy + 3x 4y + 1
3x2 2y 2 = 9x + 8y + 3
Gii
Tu
n
y 2 + 4y + 1
y 2 + 4y 1
y 2 + 4y + 1
=
=
y = 2, 0, 4
3
3
2y 2 y 3
Thay y = 2 li vo h c
in
Nh vy ta cn lm l ly P T (1) + P T (2). S c
(
3x2 + 9x 5 = 0
3x2 9x + 5 = 0
21
; 2 ,
13
!
;0 ,
13
!
; 4
y
n
x2 + y 2 + xy + 2x = 5y
x3 + x2 y x2 + 2xy 6x + 3y = 0
Ng
u
Cu 377
Gii
x = 6; y = 8
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210
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
TH2 : y = x2 2x
P T (1) x2 + (x2 2x)2 + x(x2 2x) + 2x 5(x2 2x) = 0 x(x + 2)(x + 4) = 0
x = 0; y = 0
x = 2; y = 0
x = 4; y = 8
Cu 378
Tu
n
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1), (6; 8), (0; 0), (2; 0), (4; 8)
(
2x2 xy + x3 + y 3 = 4x2 y
p
y + x = 2x2 + 14y 9
Gii
iu kin : x, y > 0
Ta c nh gi sau
in
Ng
u
y
n
Tc l V T V P ng thc xy ra khi x = y
Thay vo phng trnh (2) ta c
t t = x > 0 nh vy ta c
3t4 + 2t3 13t2 + 9 = 0 3t2 t 3 t2 + t 3 = 0
1 + 37
19 + 37
x=
t=
6
18
1 + 13
7 13
t=
x=
2
2
!
19 + 37 19 + 37
7 13 7 13
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
,
;
18
18
2
2
Cu 379
1
3
1
=
2
x 7x y
6
1
+
=2
y 7x y
Gii
iu kin : x, y > 0
Ta thc hin php bin i sau a v h mi
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(
2.P T (1) + P T (2)
P T (2) 4.P T (1)
211
2
1
+ = 3
y
x
18
1
4
+ =0
7x y
y
x
2
1
3 = +
y
x
18
1
4
7x y
y
x
Nhn v vi v ta c
2
1
+
y
x
4
1
y
x
Tu
n
54
=
7x y
R rng l mt phng trnh thun nht, t x = ty, t > 0. Phng trnh tr thnh
8
2
54
t=1x=y
= + 1
t = 4 x = 4y
7t 1
t
t
Vi x = y thay vo (1) ta c
1
1
1
= y=1x=1
y 2y
2
in
Vi x = 4y thay vo (1) ta c
1
1
4
16
1
= y= x=
2 y 9y
2
9
9
11 xy 3 4
3x 4x2 + 12y 2
2 +
=
y
x3 + y 3
px
2
2
11 x3 y 4
3y 4y + 12x
+
=
x2
x3 + y 3
y
Ng
u
Cu 380
y
n
16 4
;
9 9
Gii
4t + 12
11 (t 1)(3t4 + 3t3 8t2 t 1) 0
t3 + 1
(V L)
212
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Nh vy ta c
12(x2 + y 2 )
x
y
11 11
3
+
+
+
2
2
3
3
y
x
x +y
x
y
(x y)2 (3x4 5x3 y 8x2 y 2 5xy 3 + 3y 4 ) 0
3
x
y
+ 2
2
y
x
12(x2 + y 2 )
11 11
+
+
=
3
3
x +y
x
y
Tu
n
(3).
11 11
11 11
+
trong khi V P (3)
+
(do x, y > 0). Du bng xy ra
x
y
x
y
khi
(
x3 y = 4 = y 3 x
4
x=y= 4
x=y
Cu 381
xy + x + y = 3
1
1
2
2
+ 2
=
x + 2x y + 2y
3
in
Nh vy ta c V T (3)
Gii
a = 2, b = 2
a = 2, b = 2
Ng
u
y
n
ab = 4
(x + 1)(y + 1) = 4
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
+
=
+ 2
=
2
2
(x + 1) 1 (y + 1) 1
3
a 1 b 1
3
x=y=1
x = y = 3
Cu 382
(
[(x + 1)(y + 1)]2 = 9xy
(x2 + 1)(y 2 + 1) = 10xy
Gii
H cho tng ng
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213
2
(x + 1 + 2x)(y 2 + 1 + 2y) = 9xy
y2 + 1
x2 + 1
= a,
= b ta c h mi
x
y
(
(a + 2)(b + 2) = 9
ab = 10
Tu
n
+2
+ 2 = 9
x 2
2 y
x +1
y +1
= 10
x
y
5
a = 4, b = 2
5
a = , b = 4
2
(
p
x + x2 + 1 = y + y 2 1
x2 + y 2 xy = 1
Gii
y
n
Cu 383
in
TH1 :
x2 + 1 = 4x
x = 2 3
5
1
y 2 + 1 = y
y = 2 y =
2
2
Trng hp 2 tng t ch l hon i gi tr nghim.
Nh vy h c tt c 8 cp nghim
iu kin :|y| 1
Phng trnh th nht ca h c vit li nh sau:
p
x y 2 1 = y x2 + 1
Ng
u
1 2x y 2 1 = 1 2y x2 + 1 y x2 + 1 = 1 + x y 2 1
p
x2 y 2 + y 2 = 1 + x2 y 2 x2 + 2x y 2 1
p
(x y 2 1)2 = 0 x2 y 2 = 1
Ch x2 xy + y 2 =
Nh vy h s l
a = 1, b = 1
a = 1, b = 1
a = , b = 3
1
a = ,b = 3
3
(x y)(x + y) = 1
3(x y)2 (x + y)2
+
=1
4
4
(
ab = 1
3a2 + b2 = 4
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214
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
x = 0, y = 1
x = 0, y = 1
2
2
x = ,y =
3
3
1
2
x = , y =
3
3
Cu 384
x3 + y 2 x + 3x2 + y 2 = 2y 3x 1
2y 3 + xy 2 + y 2 3x 3 = 0
in
Tu
n
(
x y = 1
x+y =1
(
xy =1
x + y = 1
1
x y =
3
x+y = 3
1
xy =
x+y = 3
Gii
(
(x + 1)3 + y 2 (x + 1) = 2y
2y 3 + y 2 (x + 1) = 3 (x + 1)
y
n
3 (x + 1)4 + 3 (x + 1)2 y 2 2 (x + 1) y 3 4y 4 = 0
Ng
u
Xt y = 0 x = 1 l mt nghim ca h.
Xt y =
6 0, chia c 2 v cho y 4 ta c
4
2
x+1
x+1
x+1
+3
2
4=0
3
y
y
y
x+1
=1
y =x+1
y
x+1
x = y(1 3) 1
=1 3
y
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Cu 385
215
(
(x y)(x2 + y 2 ) = x4 1
(x + y)(x4 + y 4 ) = x4 + 1
Gii
Tu
n
x8 y 8 = x8 1 y = 1 y = 1
(x + 1)(x4 + 1) = x4 + 1 x = 0
Vi y = 1. Thay vo phng trnh (1) ta c
(x + 1)(x2 + 1) = x4 1 x = 1 x = 2
in
Cu 386
(
x2 y 2 + 2y 2 + 16 = 11xy
x2 + 2y 2 + 12y = 3xy 2
Gii
y
n
Nhn thy y = 0 khng l nghim ca h. Chia phng trnh (1) cho y 2 , phng trnh (2) cho
y 2 ta c.
2
11x
16
4
x
+2=3
x
x + 2 + 2 =
y
y
y
2
y
2
x
12
4
x
= 3x
+2+
+2=3 x
y
y
y
y
(
a2 3b = 2
a=b=1
2
a=b=2
b 3a = 2
Ng
u
Cu 387
!
17 1 17
;
,
2
2
1+
!
17 1 + 17
;
2
2
2
x + 2y 2 + 3xy + 3 = 0
x y + 18
2 = 9 xy
(x + y)
Gii
216
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
t x y = a (a 0) ; b = x + y(b 6= 0)
x y = a2
x+y =b
2x = a2 + b
2y = b a2
Suy ra :
2
2
2
b a2
a +b
b a2
a2 + b
+2
+3
x + 2y + 3xy =
2
2
2
2
2
4
2
2
2
2
4
2
4
6b 2ba2
a + 2a b + b + 2 (b 2ba + a ) + 3 (b a )
=
=
4
4
2
Tu
n
T ta c h phng trnh :
2
2
3b ba2 + 6 = 0
9b 3ba2 + 18 = 0 (1)
2
2
a + 18 = 9b a
a2 9b2 a + 18 = 0 (2)
Tr (1) cho (2) theo tng v s c :
9b a
in
3b a = 0
3b + a + 3ba = 0
x = 5, y = 4
b=1
x+y =1
(
x3 y 3 + xy 3 + y 2 = 4xy 2 1
x2 y 2 + x2 + y 2 = 4xy 1
Ng
u
Cu 388
y
n
Gii
x = y = 1
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217
x2 1 + y 2 1 = xy + 2
1
+ y12 = 1
x2
Cu 389
Gii
iu kin : |x|, |y| 1
Phng trnh th nht tng ng
p
x2 y 2 (x2 + y 2 ) + 1 = 0
Tu
n
x2 + y 2 4 xy + 2
in
t a = xy, b = x2 + y 2 ta thu c h mi
a = 1, b = 1
b 4 a + 2 a2 b + 1 = 0
2
a = 2, b = 4
b=a
(
xy = 1
x2 + y 2 = 1
2
x
=
y
=
(
xy = 2
x=y= 2
2
2
x +y =4
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2; 2 , 2; 2
Gii
y
n
Cu 390
x(y 9) + y 1 + 1 = 0
y(18x2 + 1) = 3x + 22 + (xy + 1)2
iu kin y 1
Phng trnh th nht suy ra
Ng
u
18yx2 + y 3x 23 x2 y 2 2xy = 0
Cng 2 ch li ta c
2
81x 21x 21 = 0 x =
Thay li tm y (kh l)
805
54
!
p
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218
2.14
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 391 n cu 410
Cu 391
(
x = (y 2 1) (y + 2) + 1
xy (xy 1)2 + x2 y 2 = (x + 1) (x2 + x + 1)
Gii
Tu
n
1
thay ln (1) ta
y1
y=0
1
= (y 2 1)(y + 2) + 1
1 13
y1
y=
2
!
13 1 13
;
; ,
2
2
3+
13
13 1
2
!
in
T tr li bin x
Cu 392
(
x3 x2 y = x2 x + y + 1
y
n
Gii
Phng trnh th nht tng ng
(x2 + 1)(x y 1) = 0 y = x 1
Ng
u
Thay vo (2) ta s c
3
(x 1)3 + 3(x 1) = 6x2 + 2 + 3 6x2 + 2
3
x 1 = 6x2 + 2 x3 9x + 3 3 = 0
2+1
3
3
3
(x + 1) = 2(x 1) x + 1 = 2(x 1) x = 3
21
!
3
2+1
2
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
3
21 321
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Cu 393
219
2y
y 2 + 3x =
x
2x
2
x + y =
y
Gii
y(y ) = 3x
x
2
x(x + ) = y
y
(1)
(2)
Tu
n
iu kin :x, y 6= 0
H cho tng ng
xy = 4
xy = 1
n y n gin ri !
in
2
3
; 2 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1),
3
3
y
n
Cu 394
4x + 5 y +
y
y
Gii
iu kin :y > 0
Phng trnh th nht ca h tng ng
Ng
u
3x y 5x2 2y + 4 = 0
(2)
2
Do (1) 3x y 5x 2y + 4 x y 1 = 0
x y1=0
(3)
Phng trnh th hai ca h tng ng
Thc hin 4.(2) 3.(4) c 38x2 + 15x 14 = 23y > 0 v l v x = 1903 < 0
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220
Cu 395
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
2x + 1 2y p
+1=yx
2 2
16x y + 5 = 6 3 4x2 y + x
Gii
Thay vo (2) ta c
3
16x4 + 5 = 6 4x3 + x
Tu
n
2x + 1 + 2y + 1
1
v ta tin
2
in
y
n
1
(2x 1)2 (2x2 + 2x + 1) 0 x =
2
1 1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
;
2 2
Ng
u
Cu 396
3x2 2x 5 + 2x x2 + 1 = 2(y + 1) y 2 + 2y + 2
x2 + 2y 2 = 2x 4y + 3
Gii
x2
+1+x
D thy hm s cn xt l f (t) =
x = y + 1 thay vo (2) ta c
i2
q
2
(y + 1) + 1 + y + 1
2
t2 + 1 + t v hm ny n iu tng. T suy ra
"
(y + 1) + 2y = 2(y + 1) 4y + 3
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (2; 1),
5 2
;
3 3
y = 2 x = 1
2
5
y= x=
3
3
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Cu 397
221
p
7 16 y 2 = (x 1)(x + 6)
(x + 2)2 + 2(y 4)2 = 9
Gii
T phng trnh u ta c (x 1)(x + 6) 0
x1
x 6
(x + 2)2 9 5 x 1
Vy suy ra x = 1 v y = 4
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 4)
h
in
Cu 398
x + 2y p x 2y = 2
3
x + 3 + x2 4y 2 = 5
Tu
n
Gii
iu kin : x 3, x 2y
p
phng trnh (2) c lng x2 4y 2 sinh ra t vic bnh phng (1). Vy bnh phng
(1) suy ra
p
x 2 = x2 4y 2
y
n
Thay xung di ta c
x + 3 + x 7 = 0 x = 5 y = 2
Ng
u
Cu 399
y3
x2 + xy + y 2 + x +
=2
x+1
2
2x + y + y = 2
x+1
Gii
H cho tng ng
y2
(x + y + 1)(
+ x) = 2
x+1
2
(x + y + 1) + ( y + x) = 3
x+1
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222
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
y2
+ x = b ta c h mi
x+1
x + y = 0
x = 0, y = 1
2
x = 1, y = 0
(
y +x=2
ab = 2
a = 1, b = 2
17
17 1
1
x
+
1
x=
,y =
a = 2, b = 1
x
+
y
=
1
a+b=3
4
4
2
1 + 17
1 17
y
x=
,y =
+x=1
4
4
x+1
!
!
1 17 17 1
1 + 17 1 17
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (0; 1), (1; 0),
;
,
;
4
4
4
4
2y + 2 + x (y 2 + 2y) = 0
x3 3x
y+1 2
=0
3x 1
Gii
in
1
iu kin : x 6=
3
t y + 1 = a th h cho tr thnh
2a + x(a2 1)
x3 3x
a =
3x2 1
Cu 400
Tu
n
t x + y + 1 = a,
2a
1 a2
a = x 3x
3x2 1
x =
Ng
u
y
n
5 2 5; 1 2 5 2 5 5(5 2 5)
Cu 401
x2 + 1 y x + y = y
x2 (x + y 2) + x 2 = 5y
Gii
iu kin : x + y 0
Nhn thy y = 0 khng l nghim ca h. H cho vit li thnh
2
x +1
(
(
x+y =1
a=3
a
b
=
1
y
2
x +1
a(b2 2) = 6
b=2
(x + y 2) = 6
y
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223
Cu 402
11 + 53
3 53
,y =
x= 2
2
53 3
11 53
x=
,y =
2
2
!
!
3 53 11 + 53
53 3 11 53
;
,
;
2
2
2
2
Tu
n
(
x+y =4
x2 + 1 = 3y
x2 + y 2 = 3x 4y + 1
3x2 (x2 + 9) 2y 2 (y 2 + 9) = 18(x3 + y 3 ) + 2y 2 (7 y) + 3
Gii
H cho tng ng
in
(
x(x 3) + y(y + 4) = 1
3x2 (x 3)2 2y 2 (y + 4)2 = 3
(
3
13
a+b=1
a = 1, b = 0
,y = 0 4
x=
2
2
2
a
=
5,
b
=
6
3a 2b = 3
VN
!
!
3 13
3 13
;0 ,
;4
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) =
2
2
y
n
Cu 403
83y + 4 = x + 85
2
16(x3 y) + 6x(3 4x) = 16y + 21 + 6
3
y+1
Gii
Ng
u
4
3
Phng trnh th 2 tng ng
iu kin : y
p
p
16x3 24x2 + 18x = 16y + 6 3 y + 1 16x3 24x2 + 18x + 16 = 16(x + 1) + 6 3 y + 1
Nhn vo hnh thc ny c l s xt hm. Tuy nhin v phi c dng khuyt thiu bc 2 trong
b
1
khi v tri li c. Vy ta i bin x = u
= u+ ,
t = 3 y + 1. Nh vy phng trnh
3a
2
(2) s l
1 p
16u3 + 16u = 16t3 + 16t u = t x = + 3 y + 1
2
Thay ln (1) ta c
p
p
5
8 3y + 4 + 3 y + 1 = 42 y = 7 x =
2
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224
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
5
;7
2
2x 1 y 1 + 2 2x 1 = 8
y 2 + y 2y 1 4x 2x + y = 13
Cu 404
Tu
n
Gii
a+8
1 + 2a
2
+
a+8
1 + 2a
t v tri l f (a). Ta c
0
15
.
(1+2a)2
4a3 2a2 4a + 13
a+8
2a2 +
= 14
1 + 2a
1 + 2a
a+8
1+2a
4a
15
(1+2a)2
<0
y
n
f (a) =
30(a+8)(2a+1)
(2a+1)4
s
a+8
1 + 2a
in
y=
2
2x
3y
+
5 x + y = 7
3 5 x + y 2x y 3 = 1
Ng
u
Cu 405
Gii
t 2x 3y = a, 2x y 3 = b, 5 x + y = c,
a, b, c > 0 h cho tng ng
2a
+
c
=
7
2x 3y = 9
a = 3, b = 2, c = 1 2x y 3 = 4 x = 3, y = 1
3c b = 1
a + b2 + 4c2 = 17
5x+y =1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (3; 1)
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Cu 406
225
x5 + x4 + 1
x2 + x + 1
2
x + y 2 3xy x + 3y 1 = 0
y2 =
Gii
Tu
n
Phng trnh (2) khng p. S phi khai thc t (1). Vi hnh thc th kia c l v phi s
rt gn c. V mu khng th phn tch c nn d on trn t s c nhn t x2 + x + 1.
Tin hnh nhm ta s c x5 + x4 + 1 = (x3 x + 1)(x2 + x + 1)
Nh vy h s l
(
y 2 = x3 x + 1
x2 + y 2 3xy x + 3y 1 = 0
Thay y 2 t (1) xung di ta c
(x 1)(x2 + 2x 3y) = 0
x2 + 2x
thay vo (1) ta gii ra
3
x = 3
y=5
13
3
13
x=
y=
2
2
3 + 13
1 + 13
y=
x=
2
2
Vy h cho c nghim :
13 3
;
!
13
,
2
1+
13 3 +
;
!
13
2
p
2 2x + 2 + 4 y 2 2y + 2 = 2
x
4
x+ y+3=3
Ng
u
Cu 407
y
n
in
Vi x = 1 y = 1 Vi y =
Gii
D thy V T V P .
ng thc xy ra khi x = y = 1 thay vo (1) tha mn.
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = (1; 1)
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226
Tuyn tp nhng bi h c sc
Cu 408
3
3
2x
y
+
3x 2y = 2
3
2 3x 2y + 5x + y = 8
Gii
t a = 2x y, b = 3x 2y
S dng ng nht sau
5x + y = 13(2x y) 7(3x 2y)
Tu
n
Vy h cho tng ng
(
a+b=2
a=b=1
2b 7b3 + 13a3 = 8
(
2x y = 1
x=y=1
3x 2y = 1
Cu 409
p
(2x + 1) 2 + 4x2 + 4x + 4 + 3y 2 + 9y 2 + 3 = 0
4x3 3y + 3 1 3y = 5
in
Gii
y
n
f (t) = 2t + t t2 + 3
Hm ny n iu tng, t ta suy ra 2x + 1 = 3y thay vo (2) ta c
4x3 + 2x + 3 2x + 2 = 6 x = 1
Ng
u
Cu 410
3
2
1
27y 3x + 9y
s =
x2
4
2
x + 3y = 72 9 + y
Gii
iu kin : x, y 0
phng trnh th (2)
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227
x = 3y x = 3y.
Thay ln (1) ta c
Tu
n
1
x3 3x2 + 3x 1 = 0 x = 1 y =
3
1
Vy h cho c nghim : (x; y) = 1;
3
Ng
u
y
n
in
R ca s hc tp th ng, qu ca s hc tp th ngt.
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