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JF611: MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

SECTION A: 100 MARKS


BAHAGIAN A: 100 MARKAH

INSTRUCTION:
This section consists of SIX (6) structured questions. Answer FOUR (4) questions only.

ARAHAN:
Bahagian ini mengandungi ENAM (6) soalan berstruktur. Jawab EMPAT (4) soalan sahaja.

QUESTION 1
SOALAN 1
CLO1
C1

(a) State
Nyatakan
i. THREE (3) elements of cost in manufacturing.
TIGA (3) elemen kos di dalam pembuatan.
[3marks]
[3 markah]
ii. FOUR (4) examples of cost component in manufacturing.
EMPAT (4) contoh komponen kos di dalam sesuatu pembuatan.
[4marks]
[4 markah]

CLO1
C4

(b) Differentiate between fixed cost and variable cost. Illustrate a graph of cost
versus number of products for fixed and variable costs.
Bezakan diantara kos tetap dan kos berubah di dalam sesuatu pembuatan yang
dilakukan. Gambarkan graf kos melawan bilangan pengeluaran bagi kos tetap dan kos
berubah.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

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CLO1
C4

JF611: MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

(c) A batch of 500 components is produced on a capstan lathe. The piece of work rate/piece is
RM 2.50 and the material cost/piece is RM 4.00. Overheads are 450% of labour cost.
Calculate the total cost of the batch of components.
Sekumpulan 500 komponen adalah dihasilkan melalui capstan lathe. Kadar upah per
komponen ialah RM 2.50 dan kos bahan per komponen RM 4.00. Kos overhead ialah
450% daripada kos buruh. Kira jumlah kos sekumpulan komponen terrsebut.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

QUESTION 2
SOALAN 2
CLO1
C1

(a) State the meaning of direct material cost and indirect material cost. List TWO (2)
examples for each cost.
Berikan maksud kos bahan langsung dan kos bahan tidak langsung. Senaraikan DUA (2)
contoh untuk setiap kos.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

CLO1
C2

(b) Explain the following methods which can be used to reduce direct material cost in the
production activity.
Terangkan kaedah-kaedah berikut yang boleh digunakan untuk mengurangkan kos bahan
langsung di dalam aktiviti pengeluaran.

i. Type of material used


Jenis bahan yang digunakan
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
ii. Capability of process
Kemampuan proses
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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JF611: MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

iii. Fully consumption of material


Penggunaan keseluruhan bahan
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

CLO1
C3

(c) Some materials losses are bound to occur during manufacturing operations because of the
nature of the raw materials or other factors which reduce the expected production. Scrap
is considered one of the losses. Discuss TWO (2) ways on handling scrap.
Sesetengah kerugian bahan berlaku semasa operasi pengeluaran disebabkan sifat
bahan mentah atau faktor- faktor lain yang mengurangkan jumlah pengeluaran. Skrap
merupakan salah satu daripada kerugian tersebut. Bincangkan DUA (2) cara
mengendalikan skrap.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

QUESTION 3
SOALAN 3
CLO2
C1

(a) State THREE (3) types of labour in manufacturing activities.


Nyatakan TIGA (3) jenis buruh yang boleh diambil untuk melakukan sesuatu
aktiviti pembuatan.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

CLO2
C2

(b) Explain THREE (3) factors that may influence the direct labour cost in the
manufacturing.
Terangkan TIGA (3) faktor yang boleh mempengaruhi kos buruh langsung di dalam
pembuatan.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

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CLO2
C3

JF611: MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

(c) Syarikat MAJU Sdn.Bhd. has 125 operators in June 2014. Details of expenditure are listed
in Table 3(a).
Syarikat MAJU Sdn. Bhd. memiliki 125 orang operator dalam bulan Jun 2014. Perincian
perbelanjaan syarikat pada bulan tersebut seperti dalam Jadual 3(a).

Table 3(a): Details of Expenditure.


Jadual 3(a): Butiran Perbelanjaan.
Material cost

RM41,500.00

Kos bahan langsung

RM41,500.00

Salary rate/operator

RM 2.50 /hour

Kadar gaji/operator

RM2.50/jam

Duration time

8 hours/day

Jangkamasa kerja

8 jam/hari

Holidays for this month

5 days

Bilangan cuti bulan tersebut

5 hari

Total overhead cost

RM21,500.00

Jumlah perbelanjaan overhead

RM21,500.00

(Overtime rate RM 3.50 /hour at 350 hours)


(Kadar bayaran lebih masa RM 3.50 /jam selama 350 jam)

Calculate:
Kirakan :

i. Man hour rate of overhead.


Kadar jam kerja overhead.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
ii. Total cost in that month.
Jumlah kos yang terlibat di dalam bulan tersebut.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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JF611: MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

QUESTION 4
SOALAN 4
CLO 2 (a) There are several costs influencing the direct expenses cost in an industry.
C1
Terdapat beberapa jenis kos yang mempengaruhi kos belanja langsung dalam suatu
industry.

i. Define direct expenses cost.


Takrifkan kos belanja langsung
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

ii. Explain TWO (2) factors that can affect the direct expense cost. Discuss how these
factors could increase manufacturing cost.
Huraikan DUA (2) faktor yang mempengaruhi kos belanja langsung. Bincangkan
bagaimana kos ini mempengaruhi peningkatan dalam kos pengeluaran.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

CLO 2 (b) Explain THREE (3) situations why sub-contract is used in the manufacturing industry.
C2
Huraikan TIGA (3) situasi kenapa subkontrak diperlukan dalam industri pembuatan.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]
CLO 2 (c) Farah Bakery is a food-based company. Vendor A is chosen for preparing raw materials
C2
and Vendor B is for packaging works for this company. Identify FOUR (4) direct
expenses and FOUR (4) indirect expenses used in this company.
Farah Bakery adalah pengeluar produk berasaskan makanan. Pembekal A membekalkan
bahan mentah dan pembekal B membekalkan bahan untuk pembungkusan kepada
syarikat ini. Kenalpasti EMPAT (4) kos belanja langsung dan EMPAT (4) kos belanja
tidak langsung yang terlibat.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

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JF611: MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

QUESTION 5
SOALAN 5
CLO2
C1

(a) Describe actual cost and give THREE (3) examples.


Terangkan kos pasti dan berikan TIGA (3) contoh.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

CLO2
C1

(b) Describe how these factors can affect actual cost:


Huraikan bagaimana faktor-faktor berikut dapat mempengaruhi kos pasti:

i. Lighting
Pencahayaan
[3 marks]
[3 markah]
ii. Storage
Penyimpanan
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

CLO2
C2

(c) One of the most widely used methods for overhead application is the labour hour basis.
Determine what would be the overhead rate hours on direct labour hours if factory
overhead is RM 590,000 and direct labour hours are 280,000 hours.
Salah satu kaedah yang paling banyak digunakan dalam pengiraan overhead adalah
kadar asas jam pekerja. Tentukan berapa kadar jam pekerja sekiranya overhead kilang
ialah RM590,000 dan jumlah jam pekerja sebanyak 280,000 jam.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

CLO2 (d) The machine hour rate is used when the work is performed primarily on machines.
C2
Identify TWO (2) advantages and disadvantages of machine hour rate method.
Kadar jam memesin digunakan pada kerja yang dilakukan pada mesin. Kenalpasti DUA
(2) kelebihan dan kekurangan kaedah kadar jam memesin ini.
[8 marks]
[8 markah]
7

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JF611: MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

QUESTION 6
SOALAN 6
CLO3
C2

(a) List FIVE (5) limitations and drawbacks of breakeven analysis.


Senaraikan LIMA (5) had dan keburukan bagi Analisis Pulang Modal.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

CLO3
C4

(b) The forecast figures for the forthcoming period of company A for product XYZ are as
shown in Table 6(a).
Ramalan Syarikat A untuk produk XYZ untuk sukuan ke-4 adalah seperti di Jadual 6(a).

Table 6(a): XYZ Product forecast figures


Jadual 6(a): Jadual ramalan produk XYZ
Output (units)

25,000

Keluaran(unit)
Sales (per unit)

RM100.00

Jualan (seunit)
Variable cost (per unit)

RM40.00

Kos berubah (seunit)


Fixed costs

RM1,200,000.00

Kos tetap

i. Prepare a breakeven chart and show the breakeven point and margin of safety.
Lukis graf pulang modal, tunjukkan titik pulang modal dan margin of safety.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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JF611: MANUFACTURING ECONOMY

ii. Calculate the profit, if the output achieved was only 15,000 units for the forth
quarter. (i.e. 60 per cent level of activity).
Sekiranya keluaran pada sukuan ke-4 hanya 15,000 unit, berapakah keuntungan
yang diperolehi (60% daripada aras aktiviti)?
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

SOALAN TAMAT

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