RTN 910 Product Description (V100R001C02 - 03) PDF

OptiX RTN 910 Radio Transmission System
V100R001C02
Product Description
Issue
03
Date
2010-06-10
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

No part of this document may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without prior written
consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Trademarks and Permissions

and other Huawei trademarks are trademarks of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this document are the property of their respective holders.
Notice
The purchased products, services and features are stipulated by the contract made between Huawei and the
customer. All or part of the products, services and features described in this document may not be within the
purchase scope or the usage scope. Unless otherwise specified in the contract, all statements, information,
and recommendations in this document are provided "AS IS" without warranties, guarantees or representations
of any kind, either express or implied.
The information in this document is subject to change without notice. Every effort has been made in the
preparation of this document to ensure accuracy of the contents, but all statements, information, and
recommendations in this document do not constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address:
Huawei Industrial Base

Bantian, Longgang
Shenzhen 518129
People's Republic of China
Website:
http://www.huawei.com
Email:
support@huawei.com
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
About This Document
About This Document
Related Versions
The following table lists the product versions related to this document.
Product Name
Version
OptiX RTN 910
V100R001C02
iManager U2000
V100R001C00
Intended Audience
This document is intended for network planning engineers.
Before you read this document, ensure that you have acquired the basic knowledge of digital
microwave communication.
Symbol Conventions
The symbols that may be found in this document are defined as follows.
Symbol
Description
Indicates a hazard with a high level of risk,
which if not avoided, will result in death or
serious injury.
Indicates a hazard with a medium or low level
of risk, which if not avoided, could result in
minor or moderate injury.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

iii
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
About This Document
Symbol
Description
Indicates a potentially hazardous situation,
which if not avoided, could result in
equipment damage, data loss, performance
degradation, or unexpected results.
Indicates a tip that may help you solve a
problem or save time.
Provides additional information to emphasize
or supplement important points of the main
text.
Change History
Updates between document issues are cumulative. Therefore, the latest document issue contains
all updates made in previous issues.
Updates in Issue 03 (2010-06-10) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

This document is the third release for the V100R001C02 version.
The updated contents are as follows:
Update
Description
1.2 Components
6.1 RF Performance
The descriptions of the 28 GHz frequency

band HP ODU are added.
The descriptions of the 7/8/13/18 GHz
frequency band XMC-2 ODU are added.

This document is the second release for the V100R001C02 version.
The updated contents are as follows:
Update
Description
Overall the document
Deletes descriptions of dynamic tunnels.
6 Performance
The specifications of the product are updated.

This document is the first release of the V100R001C02 version.
iv

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Contents
Contents
About This Document...................................................................................................................iii
1 Introduction.................................................................................................................................1-1
1.1 Network Application.......................................................................................................................................1-2
1.2 Components.....................................................................................................................................................1-2
2 Functions and Features..............................................................................................................2-1

2.1 Packet Microwave...........................................................................................................................................2-3
2.2 Modulation Strategy........................................................................................................................................2-3
2.2.1 Fixed Modulation...................................................................................................................................2-3
2.2.2 Adaptive Modulation..............................................................................................................................2-3
2.3 RF Configuration Modes.................................................................................................................................2-5
2.4 Capacity...........................................................................................................................................................2-5
2.4.1 Air Interface Capacity............................................................................................................................2-5
2.4.2 Switching Capacity................................................................................................................................2-5
2.5 Interfaces.........................................................................................................................................................2-6
2.5.1 Microwave Interfaces.............................................................................................................................2-6
2.5.2 Service Interfaces...................................................................................................................................2-6
2.5.3 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces...................................................................................................2-8
2.6 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation..................................................................................................2-9
2.7 Automatic Transmit Power Control................................................................................................................2-9
2.8 MPLS/PWE3 Support Capability..................................................................................................................2-10
2.9 Ethernet Service Processing Capability........................................................................................................2-11
2.10 QoS..............................................................................................................................................................2-12
2.11 Clock Features.............................................................................................................................................2-12
2.12 Protection Scheme.......................................................................................................................................2-13
2.13 Network Management.................................................................................................................................2-13
2.14 Easy Installation..........................................................................................................................................2-14
2.15 Easy Maintenance.......................................................................................................................................2-14
3 Product Structure........................................................................................................................3-1
3.1 System Architecture........................................................................................................................................3-2
3.2 Hardware Structure.........................................................................................................................................3-3
3.2.1 IDU.........................................................................................................................................................3-3
3.2.2 ODU.......................................................................................................................................................3-6
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Contents
3.3 Software Structure...........................................................................................................................................3-7

3.3.1 NMS Software........................................................................................................................................3-7
3.3.2 IDU Software......................................................................................................................................... 3-8
3.3.3 ODU Software........................................................................................................................................3-8
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow......................................................................................................................3-8
4 Services.........................................................................................................................................4-1
4.1 Ethernet Services.............................................................................................................................................4-2
4.2 IMA/ATM Services.........................................................................................................................................4-4
4.3 CES Services...................................................................................................................................................4-5
5 Network Management System................................................................................................5-1

5.1 Network Management Solution...................................................................................................................... 5-2
5.2 LCT................................................................................................................................................................. 5-2
5.3 U2000..............................................................................................................................................................5-3
6 Performance.................................................................................................................................6-1
6.1 RF Performance...............................................................................................................................................6-2
6.1.1 Microwave Work Modes........................................................................................................................6-2
6.1.2 Frequency Band......................................................................................................................................6-3
6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity................................................................................................................................6-5
6.1.4 Transceiver Performance........................................................................................................................6-8
6.1.5 IF Performance.....................................................................................................................................6-12
6.1.6 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem....................................................................6-12
6.2 Packet Service Capability..............................................................................................................................6-13
6.3 Equipment Reliability...................................................................................................................................6-13
6.3.1 Component Reliability.........................................................................................................................6-13
6.3.2 Link Reliability....................................................................................................................................6-14
6.4 Interface Performance...................................................................................................................................6-14
6.4.1 SDH Optical Interface Performance.....................................................................................................6-14
6.4.2 E1 Interface Performance.....................................................................................................................6-15
6.4.3 Ethernet Interface Performance............................................................................................................6-15
6.4.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance..........................................................................................................6-18
6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance.........................................................................................6-19
6.6 Integrated System Performance....................................................................................................................6-19
A Glossary..................................................................................................................................... A-1
A.1 0-9..................................................................................................................................................................A-2
A.2 A-E................................................................................................................................................................A-2
A.3 F-J................................................................................................................................................................A-11
A.4 K-O..............................................................................................................................................................A-16
A.5 P-T...............................................................................................................................................................A-22
A.6 U-Z..............................................................................................................................................................A-30
vi

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Figures
Figures
Figure 1-1 Packet microwave transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 910.......................................1-2
Figure 1-2 IDU 910..............................................................................................................................................1-3
Figure 1-3 Direct mounting..................................................................................................................................1-5
Figure 1-4 Separate mounting..............................................................................................................................1-5
Figure 2-1 Packet microwave...............................................................................................................................2-3
Figure 2-2 AM......................................................................................................................................................2-4
Figure 3-1 Block diagram.....................................................................................................................................3-2
Figure 3-2 IDU slot layout...................................................................................................................................3-3
Figure 3-3 Block diagram of the ODU.................................................................................................................3-6
Figure 3-4 Software structure...............................................................................................................................3-7
Figure 3-5 Service signal processing flow...........................................................................................................3-8
Figure 4-1 E-Line service illustration..................................................................................................................4-3
Figure 4-2 E-Aggr service illustration..................................................................................................................4-4
Figure 4-3 Application model of the CES service...............................................................................................4-5
Figure 4-4 Compression function for the idle 64 kbit/s timeslots in the E1 signals............................................4-6
Figure 4-5 Retiming synchronization mode of the CES service clock................................................................4-7
Figure 5-1 Network management solution to the transmission network..............................................................5-2
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

vii
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Tables
Tables
Table 1-1 Introduction of the IDU 910.................................................................................................................1-3
Table 1-2 RTN 600 ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 910.............................................................................1-4
Table 1-3 RTN XMC ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 910..........................................................................1-4
Table 2-1 RF configuration modes.......................................................................................................................2-5
Table 2-2 Auxiliary services or paths provided by each microwave interface.....................................................2-6
Table 2-3 Type and number of the service interfaces provided by the system control, switching, and timing board
...............................................................................................................................................................................2-6
Table 2-4 Type and number of the service interfaces supported by adding service interface boards .................2-7
Table 2-5 Type and number of management and auxiliary interfaces ................................................................ 2-9
Table 2-6 MPLS features supported by the OptiX RTN 910.............................................................................2-10
Table 2-7 Capabilities of the OptiX RTN 910 of supporting PWE3..................................................................2-10
Table 2-8 Table 4-7 Ethernet service processing capability...............................................................................2-11
Table 2-9 QoS features.......................................................................................................................................2-12
Table 2-10 Protection schemes...........................................................................................................................2-13
Table 3-1 Functional unit..................................................................................................................................... 3-2
Table 3-2 List of IDUs..........................................................................................................................................3-4
Table 3-3 Service signal processing flow in the transmit direction......................................................................3-9
Table 3-4 Service signal processing flow in the receive direction.....................................................................3-10
Table 4-1 Comparison among L2 Ethernet services stipulated by the standardization organizations.................4-2
Table 6-1 Microwave work modes (IFE2/IFU2 board)........................................................................................6-2
Table 6-2 Microwave work modes (IFX2 board).................................................................................................6-3
Table 6-3 Frequency Band (SP ODU)..................................................................................................................6-4
Table 6-4 Frequency band (SPA ODU)............................................................................................................... 6-4
Table 6-5 Frequency band (HP ODU)..................................................................................................................6-5
Table 6-6 Frequency band (XMC-2 ODU).......................................................................................................... 6-5
Table 6-7 Typical receiver sensitivity values (i).................................................................................................. 6-6
Table 6-8 Typical receiver sensitivity values (ii).................................................................................................6-6
Table 6-9 Typical receiver sensitivity values (iii)................................................................................................6-7
Table 6-10 Typical receiver sensitivity values (iv).............................................................................................. 6-7
Table 6-11 Transceiver Performance (SP ODU)..................................................................................................6-8
Table 6-12 Transceiver performance (SPA ODU)...............................................................................................6-9
Table 6-13 Transceiver performance (HP ODU)...............................................................................................6-10
Table 6-14 Transceiver performance (XMC-2 ODU)........................................................................................6-11
Table 6-15 IF performance.................................................................................................................................6-12
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

ix
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Tables
Table 6-16 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem.................................................................6-13

Table 6-17 Packet service capability..................................................................................................................6-13
Table 6-18 Component reliability ......................................................................................................................6-13
Table 6-19 Link reliability per hop.....................................................................................................................6-14
Table 6-20 C-STM-1 Optical Interface Performance.........................................................................................6-14
Table 6-21 E1 interface performance.................................................................................................................6-15
Table 6-22 GE optical interface performance....................................................................................................6-15
Table 6-23 Allocation of central wavelengths of 1000BASE-CWDM interfaces.............................................6-16
Table 6-24 Performance of the FE optical interface ..........................................................................................6-16
Table 6-25 GE electric interface performance....................................................................................................6-17
Table 6-26 FE electric interface performance....................................................................................................6-18
Table 6-27 Orderwire interface performance.....................................................................................................6-18
Table 6-28 Synchronous data interface performance.........................................................................................6-18
Table 6-29 Clock timing and synchronization performance..............................................................................6-19
Table 6-30 Dimensions.......................................................................................................................................6-19
Table 6-31 Typical weight..................................................................................................................................6-20
Table 6-32 Typical power consumption.............................................................................................................6-20
Table 6-33 Power Supply...................................................................................................................................6-20
Table 6-34 Environment performance................................................................................................................6-21

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
1 Introduction
Introduction
About This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 910 is one of the series products of the OptiX RTN 900 radio transmission
system.
1.1 Network Application
The OptiX RTN 900 is a new generation split microwave transmission system developed by
Huawei. It can provide a seamless Packet microwave transmission solution for a mobile
communication network or private network.
1.2 Components
The OptiX RTN 910 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU 910, the ODU, and
the antenna system. An ODU is connected to an IDU through an IF cable.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

1-1
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
1 Introduction
1.1 Network Application

The OptiX RTN 900 is a new generation split microwave transmission system developed by
Huawei. It can provide a seamless Packet microwave transmission solution for a mobile
communication network or private network.
The OptiX RTN 900 products are available in two types: OptiX RTN 910 and OptiX RTN 950.
The IDU of the OptiX RTN 910 is 1U high and supports one or two IF boards. The IDU of the
OptiX RTN 950 is 2U high and supports one to six IF boards. The users can choose an appropriate
type based on the actual requirements.
The OptiX RTN 910 provides several types of service interfaces and facilitates installation and
flexible configuration. The solution can evolve based on the service changes that occur due to
radio mobile network evolution. Thus, this solution can meet the transmission requirements of
not only 2G and 3G networks, but also future LTE and 4G networks.
Figure 1-1 shows the Packet microwave transmission solution that is provided by the OptiX
RTN 910 for the mobile communication network.
Figure 1-1 Packet microwave transmission solution provided by the OptiX RTN 910
FE
E1
IMA E1
FE
E1
E1
FE/GE
IMA E1
Regional backhaul
network
GE
E1
IMA E1
OptiX RTN 910
NodeB
FE
E1
BTS
RNC
BSC
NOTE
In the solutions, the local backhaul network is optional. The OptiX RTN 910 can be connected to the RNC
or the BSC directly.
When the OptiX RTN 910 supports the microwaves in three directions or more, you can adopt the NE
cascading mode or use the OptiX RTN 950, which is more powerful.
1.2 Components
The OptiX RTN 910 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU 910, the ODU, and
the antenna system. An ODU is connected to an IDU through an IF cable.
1-2

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
1 Introduction
IDU 910
The IDU 910 is the indoor unit of an OptiX RTN 910 system. It accesses services, performs
multiplexing/demultiplexing and IF processing of the services, and provides system control and
communication function.
Table 1-1 lists the basic features of the IDU 910.
Table 1-1 Introduction of the IDU 910
Item
Performance
Chassis height
1U
Pluggable
Supported
Number of microwave
directions
1-2
RF configuration mode
1+0 non-protection configuration

1+1 protection configuration
XPIC configuration
Figure 1-2 IDU 910
ODU
The ODU is the outdoor unit of the OptiX RTN 900. It performs frequency conversion and
amplification of signals.
The OptiX RTN 900 series products can use the RTN 600 ODU and RTN XMC ODU, covering
6 GHz to 38 GHz entire frequency band.
NOTE
Unlike the other frequency bands that use 14 MHz, 28 MHz, or 56 MHz channel spacing, the 18 GHz
frequency band uses 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, or 55 MHz channel spacing correspondingly.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

1-3
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
1 Introduction
Table 1-2 RTN 600 ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 910
Item
Description
Standard Power ODU
High Power ODU
ODU type
SP and SPA
HP
Frequency band
7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/38
GHz (SP ODU)
7/8/11/13/15/18/23/26/28/32
/38 GHz
6/7/8/11/13/15/18/23 GHz
(SPA ODU)
Microwave modulation
mode
QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/
64QAM/128QAM/256QAM
(SP ODU)
QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/
64QAM/128QAM/256QAM
QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/
64QAM/128QAM (SPA
ODU)
Channel spacing
7/14/28 MHz
7/14/28/56 MHz
Table 1-3 RTN XMC ODUs supported by the OptiX RTN 910
Item
Description
High Power ODU
ODU type
XMC-2
Frequency band
7/8/13/15/18/23 GHz
Microwave modulation mode
QPSK/16QAM/32QAM/64QAM/128QAM/
256QAM
Channel spacing
7/14/28/56 MHz
Antenna
The OptiX RTN 910 provides an entire frequency band antenna solution, and supports the singlepolarized antenna and dual-polarized antenna with a diameter of 0.3 m to 3.7 m and the
corresponding feeder system.
There are two methods of mounting the ODU and the antenna: direct mounting and separate
mounting.
l
1-4
The direct mounting method is normally adopted when a small-diameter and singlepolarized antenna is used. In this situation, if one ODU is configured for one antenna, the
ODU is directly mounted at the back of the antenna. If two ODUs are configured for one
antenna, an RF signal combiner/splitter (hereinafter referred to as a hybrid coupler) must
be mounted to connect the ODUs to the antenna. Figure 1-3 shows the direct mounting
method.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
1 Introduction
Figure 1-3 Direct mounting
The separate mounting method is adopted when a double-polarized antenna or big-diameter

and single-polarized antenna is used. Figure 1-4 shows the separate method. In this
situation, a hybrid coupler can be mounted. That is, two ODUs share one feed boom.
Figure 1-4 Separate mounting
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

1-5
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
2 Functions and Features
Functions and Features
About This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 910 provides plentiful functions and features to ensure the quality and efficiency
of service transmission.
2.1 Packet Microwave
The Packet microwave refers to the Packet microwave transmission solution wherein various
services can be encapsulated through the PWE3 technology and then transmitted in packet mode.
The Packet microwave supports the AM function. By using Packet microwave, the utilization
of the microwave bandwidth is improved and the statistical multiplexing advantage of the packet
network is extended to the access layer.
2.2 Modulation Strategy
The Packet microwave supports fixed modulation and adaptive modulation.
2.3 RF Configuration Modes
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration, the 2+0 non-protection
configuration, the 1+1 protection configuration, and XPIC configuration.
2.4 Capacity
The OptiX RTN 910 has a high capacity.
2.5 Interfaces
The OptiX RTN 910 features multiple interface types.
2.6 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation
Cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) is a technology used together with cochannel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the wireless
link capacity over the same channel.
2.7 Automatic Transmit Power Control
Automatic transmit power control (ATPC) enables the output power of the transmitter to
automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end within the ATPC control range. This
reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER.
2.8 MPLS/PWE3 Support Capability
The OptiX RTN 910 adopts the MPLS that is optimized for the telecom bearer network as the
packet forwarding mechanism to implement the packet transmission of carrier services. The
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

2-1
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
OptiX RTN 910 adopts the PWE3 technology as the service bearer technology to implement the
MPLS network access of various types of services.
2.9 Ethernet Service Processing Capability
The OptiX RTN 910 provides the powerful Ethernet service processing capability.
2.10 QoS
The OptiX RTN 910 provides improved quality of service (QoS) capabilities and support the
following eight per-hop behaviors (PHBs): BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7. Thus,
the OptiX RTN 910 can offer various QoS levels of service guarantees and build an integrated
network to carry data, voice, and video services.
2.11 Clock Features
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the physical layer clock synchronization, IEEE 1588v2 time/clock
synchronization, and clock synchronization for CES services.
2.12 Protection Scheme
The OptiX RTN 910 provides complete protection schemes.
2.13 Network Management
The OptiX RTN 910 supports multiple network management (NM) modes, and provides
complete NM information exchange schemes.
2.14 Easy Installation
The OptiX RTN 910 supports several installation modes. Thus, the installation of the equipment
is flexible and convenient.
2.15 Easy Maintenance
The OptiX RTN 910 provides several maintenance features. Thus, the cost of equipment
maintenance is effectively reduced.
2-2

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
2.1 Packet Microwave

The Packet microwave refers to the Packet microwave transmission solution wherein various
services can be encapsulated through the PWE3 technology and then transmitted in packet mode.
The Packet microwave supports the AM function. By using Packet microwave, the utilization
of the microwave bandwidth is improved and the statistical multiplexing advantage of the packet
network is extended to the access layer.
The Packet microwave solution supports the MPLS and PWE3 technologies. When the TDM
E1 service is accessed, the Packet microwave solution implements the CES by using the PWE3
technology to encapsulate the TDM E1 service into PW packets. When the IMA E1 service or
Ethernet service is accessed, the Packet microwave solution encapsulates the IMA E1 service
into PW packets directly by using the PWE3 technology. The PW packets generated after the
encapsulation of various services are transmitted to the microwave port after they are processed
uniformly by the packet processing platform, and then mapped into microwave frames. Thus,
various services are transmitted uniformly by using the Packet microwave solution.
Figure 2-1 Packet microwave
IDU
TDM E1
CES
IMA E1
ODU
Statistical
Packet
-mux or
Processing
emulation
Ethernet
Everything over packet
2.2 Modulation Strategy

The Packet microwave supports fixed modulation and adaptive modulation.
2.2.1 Fixed Modulation

Fixed modulation refers to a modulation strategy wherein a modulation mode is adopted
invariably on a running radio link.
When the OptiX RTN 910 uses the fixed modulation strategy, you can set the modulation mode
through the software.
2.2.2 Adaptive Modulation

Adaptive modulation (AM) is a technology wherein the modulation mode can be adjusted
automatically based on channel quality.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

2-3
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
In the case of the same channel spacing, the microwave service bandwidth varies with the
modulation mode. The higher the modulation efficiency, the higher the bandwidth of the
transmitted services is. When the channel quality is favorable (such as on days when the weather
is favorable), the equipment adopts a higher modulation mode to transmit more user services.
In this manner, the transmission efficiency and the spectrum utilization of the system are
improved. When the channel quality is degraded (such as on days when the weather is stormy
and foggy), the equipment adopts a lower modulation mode to transmit only the services with
a higher priority within the available bandwidth and to discard the services with a lower priority.
In this manner, the anti-interference capability of the radio link is improved and the link
availability of the services with a higher priority is ensured.
When the Packet microwave equipment adopts the AM technology, it controls service
transmission based on the service bandwidth and QoS policy corresponding to the current
modulation mode. Service packets are groomed into the queues with different priorities based
on the service type identifiers. The services in the queues with different priorities are transmitted
to the microwave port through the SP or WFQ algorithm. When the queues with certain priorities
are congested due to insufficient microwave bandwidth, the queues with these priorities discard
certain or all services through tail discarding or the WRED algorithm.
Figure 2-2 shows the service change caused by the AM. The blue part indicates the packet
services. The closer to the edge of the blue part, the lower the priority of the packet services is.
The bandwidth for the packet services varies with the channel conditions. When the channel
quality is poor, the packet services with a lower priority are discarded.
Figure 2-2 AM
256QAM
128QAM
32QAM
256QAM
128QAM
32QAM
16QAM
Channel
capability
Packet
services
QPSK
64QAM
16QAM
64QAM
The AM technology adopted by the OptiX RTN 910 has the following features:
2-4
The AM technology can use the QPSK, 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, and
256QAM modulation mode.
The lowest modulation mode (also called "reference mode") and the highest modulation
mode (also called "nominal mode") actually used by the AM can be configured.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description

l
When the modulation modes of AM are switched, the transmit frequency, receive
frequency, and channel spacing do not change.
When the modulation modes of AM are switched, the step-by-step switching mode must
be adopted.
When the AM switches the modulation modes to a lower one, the services with the low
priority are discarded but no bit errors or slips occur in the services with the high priority.
The speed of switching the modulation modes meets the requirement for no bit error in the
case of 100 dB/s fast fading.
2.3 RF Configuration Modes

The OptiX RTN 910 supports the 1+0 non-protection configuration, the 2+0 non-protection
configuration, the 1+1 protection configuration, and XPIC configuration.
Table 2-1 lists the RF link configuration modes that are supported.
Table 2-1 RF configuration modes
Configuration Mode
Maximum Number of Configurations
1+1 protection configuration (1+1 HSB/FD/

SD)
XPIC configuration
2.4 Capacity
The OptiX RTN 910 has a high capacity.
2.4.1 Air Interface Capacity

The microwave air interface capacity is related to the specific microwave working mode.
The maximum Ethernet throughput of each channel of Packet microwave is 420 Mbit/s when
the high power ODU is used or 210 Mbit/s when the standard power ODU is used. If the XPIC
technology is used, the service capacity of the microwave channel can be doubled with the same
spectrum bandwidth.
Related Concepts
6.1.1 Microwave Work Modes
2.4.2 Switching Capacity

The OptiX RTN 910 has a built-in packet processing platform with the switching capacity of
6.5 Gbit/s.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

2-5
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
2.5 Interfaces
The OptiX RTN 910 features multiple interface types.
2.5.1 Microwave Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 910 provides microwave interfaces on the IF board and the ODU that is
connected to the IF board. Each microwave interface transmits one channel of microwave
service. In addition, it transmits various auxiliary services or paths through the microwave
overheads.
Table 2-2 lists the auxiliary services or paths provided by each microwave interface.
Table 2-2 Auxiliary services or paths provided by each microwave interface
Service/Path Type
Quantity
Rate
Synchronous data service
64 kbit/s
Orderwire phone service
64 kbit/s
PTP patha
64 kbit/s
NOTE
The PTP path is used to transmit PTP (namely, IEEE 1588 V2 protocol) packets to transport the high-precision
time/clock on radio links.
2.5.2 Service Interfaces

The system control, switching, and timing board of the OptiX RTN 910 provides several service
interfaces. In addition, the type and number of service interfaces supported by the equipment
can be extended by configuring service interface boards.
Table 2-3 lists the type and number of the service interfaces provided by the system control,
switching, and timing board of the OptiX RTN 910.
Table 2-3 Type and number of the service interfaces provided by the system control, switching,
and timing board
2-6
Type of System Control,

Switching, and Timing
Board
Provided Service
Interface
Quantity
CXPAR
75-ohm E1 interface
(supporting the TDM E1,
IMA E1, ML-PPP E1, and
Fractional E1)
16
FE electrical interface

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Type of System Control,

Switching, and Timing
Board
Provided Service
Interface
Quantity
CXPBR
120-ohm E1 interface
Fractional E1)
16
75-ohm E1 interface
Fractional E1)
16
GE optical interface or GE
electrical interface
120-ohm E1 interface
Fractional E1)
16
GE optical interface or GE
electrical interface
CXPGR
CXPHR
NOTE
The Fractional E1 refers to that in the same E1 channel, several 64 kbit/s channels can form one independent
CES channel or IMA channel. In this manner, several channels carrying the same type or different types
of services can be transmitted over the same E1 channel.
Table 2-4 lists the type and number of the service interfaces supported by adding service
interface boards to the OptiX RTN 910.
Table 2-4 Type and number of the service interfaces supported by adding service interface
boards
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
Type of Service
Interface Board
Maximum
Number of Boards
Provided Service
Interface
Number of
Interfaces
Provided by One
Board
EF8T
FE electrical
interface
EF8F
FE optical interface
EG2
GE optical interface

2-7
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Type of Service
Interface Board
Maximum
Number of Boards
Provided Service
Interface
Number of
Interfaces
Provided by One
Board
ML1
75-ohm E1 interface
(supporting the TDM
E1, IMA E1, MLPPP E1, and
Fractional E1)
16
ML1A
120-ohm E1
interface (supporting
the TDM E1, IMA
E1, ML-PPP E1, and
Fractional E1)
16
CD1
c-STM-1 interfaces
(supporting ATM,
IMA, TDM, PPP,
ML-PPP and
Fractional E1)
EM6T
FE electrical
interface
GE electrical
interface
FE electrical
interface
GE optical interface
or GE electrical
interface
EM6F
NOTE
"Maximum Number of Boards" in the Table 2-4 is the maximum number calculated when at least one IF
board is configured.
The Fractional E1 refers to that in the same E1 channel, several 64 kbit/s channels can form one independent
CES channel or IMA channel. In this manner, several channels carrying the same type or different types
of services can be transmitted over the same E1 channel.
The two c-STM-1 interfaces on the CD1 board can be used at the same time only when the two interfaces
are configured into one LMSP.
2.5.3 Management and Auxiliary Interfaces

The OptiX RTN 910 provides the management and auxiliary interfaces through the system
control, switching, and timing board.
2-8

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Table 2-5 Type and number of management and auxiliary interfaces

Interface
Specifications
Connector
Quantity and
Type
Clock/Timing
interface
Common interface for 120-ohm clock or time
2 (RJ-45)
Management
interface
10/100BASE-T(X) Ethernet NM interface
1 (RJ-45)
NM serial interface
10/100BASE-T(X) NE cascading interface
1 (RJ-45)
Auxiliary
interface
Orderwire interface
1 (RJ-45)
Synchronous data interface
1 (RJ-45)
Alarm interface
Three external alarm input interfaces
1 (RJ-45)
One external alarm output interface
NOTE
The clock/time interfaces can be used as the clock interfaces or the time interfaces. When used as the clock
interfaces, the interfaces support 2048 kbit/s mode or 2048 kHz mode. When used as the time interfaces,
the interfaces support 1PPS + Time Information mode or DCLS mode.
The CXPGR or CXPHR does not support the NE cascading interface, synchronous data interface, or alarm
interface.
2.6 Cross-Polarization Interference Cancellation

Cross-polarization interference cancellation (XPIC) is a technology used together with cochannel dual-polarization (CCDP). The application of the two technologies doubles the wireless
link capacity over the same channel.
CCDP transmission adopts both the horizontally polarized wave and the vertically polarized
wave on one channel to transmit two channels of signals. The ideal situation of CCDP
transmission is that no interference is present between the two orthogonal signals although they
are with the same frequency. In this manner, the receiver can easily recover the two signals. In
actual engineering conditions, despite the orthogonality of the two signals, interference between
the signals inevitably occurs due to cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) of the antenna and
channel degradation. To cancel the interference, the XPIC technology is adopted. In XPIC
technology, the signals are received in the horizontal and vertical directions. The signals in the
two directions are then processed and the original signals are recovered from interfered signals.
2.7 Automatic Transmit Power Control

Automatic transmit power control (ATPC) enables the output power of the transmitter to
automatically trace the level fluctuation at the receive end within the ATPC control range. This
reduces the interference with neighboring systems and residual BER.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

2-9
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
2.8 MPLS/PWE3 Support Capability

The OptiX RTN 910 adopts the MPLS that is optimized for the telecom bearer network as the
packet forwarding mechanism to implement the packet transmission of carrier services. The
OptiX RTN 910 adopts the PWE3 technology as the service bearer technology to implement the
MPLS network access of various types of services.
MPLS Support Capability

Table 2-6 MPLS features supported by the OptiX RTN 910
Feature
Description
Basic MPLS
functions
The equipment supports basic MPLS functions and service forwarding

based on the static control plane.
The equipment uses the LSP tunnel technology and the pseudo wire
emulation edge to edge (PWE3) technology to form an MPLS network
where multiple services can be accessed.
The equipment supports static LSPs.
The equipment supports MPLS multicast.
MPLS OAM
The equipment supports MPLS OAM in compliance with ITU-T Y.1711.

The equipment supports the LSP ping and LSP traceroute. The equipment
also uses the MPLS echo request and MPLS echo reply to test the usability
of an LSP.
MPLS protection
The equipment supports LSP 1:1 protection scheme.
Others
The equipment supports the MPLS QoS.
PWE3 Support Capability

Table 2-7 Capabilities of the OptiX RTN 910 of supporting PWE3
2-10
Feature
Description
Basic PWE3
functions
The equipment supports the emulation TDM E1 services of the structured

emulation mode and the non-structured emulation mode. The equipment
supports the transmission of emulation services over an LSP tunnel. The
equipment supports the jitter cache technology. The equipment adopts the
re-timing synchronization mode and adaptive synchronization mode to
recover the service clock.

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Feature
Description
The equipment adopts the N-to-one or one-to-one mode to emulate ATM/
IMA services, and supports the transmission of a single ATM cell or the
cascaded transmission of multiple cells (The maximum number of
concatenations is 31). The equipment supports the transmission of ATM/
IMA emulation services over an LSP tunnel.
The equipment supports the encapsulation of the Ethernet and the
transmission over an LSP tunnel to implement E-Line services.
Supports static PWs.
Others
The equipment supports the conversion of different QoSes for processing

based on the service type.
2.9 Ethernet Service Processing Capability

The OptiX RTN 910 provides the powerful Ethernet service processing capability.
Table 2-8 Table 4-7 Ethernet service processing capability
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
Item
Performance
Service frame
format
Ethernet II, IEEE 802.3, and IEEE 802.1q/p.
Ethernet service
type
E-Line.
Ethernet service
bearer mode
by ports, by QinQ links, and by PWs.
VLAN
Adds, deletes, and switches VALN tags that comply with IEEE 802.1q/
p.
MPLS
Supports basic MPLS functions and service forwarding based on the

static control plane, and supports establishment of static PWs.
Flow control
IEEE 802.3x.
QinQ
Supported.
Link aggregation
LAG protection, which is supported for the FE/GE port and microwave
port.
Ethernet
performance
monitoring
IETF RFC 2819 compliant RMON performance monitoring.

2-11
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
2.10 QoS
The OptiX RTN 910 provides improved quality of service (QoS) capabilities and support the
following eight per-hop behaviors (PHBs): BE, AF1, AF2, AF3, AF4, EF, CS6, and CS7. Thus,
the OptiX RTN 910 can offer various QoS levels of service guarantees and build an integrated
network to carry data, voice, and video services.
Table 2-9 QoS features
Feature
Performance
Traffic
classification
Classifies the traffic over an Ethernet interface by the following fields:

l
DSCP or IP precedence in an IP packet
EXP in an MPLS packet
IEEE 802.1p priority in a VLAN packet
Traffic policing
Supports CAR and policies traffic in the color-blind mode.
Queue scheduling
Each Ethernet port supports the queue scheduling of eight priorities.
Schedules the CS7, CS6, and EF queues in strict priority (SP) mode.
Schedules the AF queues in Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) mode.
Schedules the BE queues in SP mode.
2.11 Clock Features

The OptiX RTN 910 supports the physical layer clock synchronization, IEEE 1588v2 time/clock
synchronization, and clock synchronization for CES services.
Physical Layer Clock Synchronization Mechanism

OptiX RTN 910 supports extracting the clock information from the following transmission links:
l
Synchronous Ethernet link
E1 link
Radio link
IEEE 1588v2 Clock Synchronization and Time Calibration Mechanism
2-12
The equipment can use the IEEE 1588v2 protocol to achieve the clock timing
synchronization and time information synchronization.
The equipment supports the boundary clock, ordinary clock, and transparent clock
(including the end-to-end transparent clock and peer-to-peer transparent clock). Each port
of the equipment can be configured with different clocks based on the requirement.
The equipment supports the clock source protection switching.

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
CES Services Clock Synchronization Mode

OptiX RTN 910 supports the retiming mode.
2.12 Protection Scheme

The OptiX RTN 910 provides complete protection schemes.
Table 2-10 Protection schemes
Protection Object
Equipment level
protection
Protection Mode
Input power supply
Radio link protection
1+1 hot backup

1+1 HSB/SD/FD
LAG protection for Ethernet servic
Network level
protection
MPLS
1:1 tunnel protection
Ethernet
LAG protection, which is supported for the

FE/GE port and microwave port
ATM over E1
IMA protection
Packet E1
ML-PPP protection
c-STM-1
1+1/1:1 linear MSP
2.13 Network Management

The OptiX RTN 910 supports multiple network management (NM) modes, and provides
complete NM information exchange schemes.
NM Mode
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the following functions:
l
Accessing the iManager LCT directly at the near end of the NE to perform the single-point
management for the NE
Using the OptiX iManager U2000 to manage all OptiX RTN NEs on the transmission
network and the NEs of Huawei optical transmission products in the concentrated manner
and to manage the transmission networks in the unified manner
NM Information Exchange Schemes

At the physical layer, the OptiX RTN 910 supports the inband DCN to ensure the exchange of
NM information. The OptiX RTN 910 adopts the inband DCN solution. Thus, the dedicated
DCN paths are not required and the cost of network construction is saved. The types of the ports
that support the inband DCN are as follows:
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

2-13
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description

l
Microwave port
FE/GE port
E1 Port
2.14 Easy Installation

The OptiX RTN 910 supports several installation modes. Thus, the installation of the equipment
is flexible and convenient.
The IDU can be installed in the following modes:
l
In a 300 mm ETSI cabinet
In a 600 mm ETSI cabinet
In a 450 mm 19-inch cabinet
In a 600 mm 19-inch cabinet
In an open cabinet
On a wall
On a table
The ODU supports two installation modes: direct mounting and separate mounting.
2.15 Easy Maintenance

The OptiX RTN 910 provides several maintenance features. Thus, the cost of equipment
maintenance is effectively reduced.
2-14
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the unified management of the microwave transmission
network and the optical transmission network at the network layer by using the iManger
U2000.
All the indicators and cable interfaces of the IDU are available on the front panel.
Each board of the IDU has the running and alarm status indicators.
The OptiX RTN 910 provides plentiful alarms and performance events.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports RMON performance events.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the MPLS OAM function.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the monitoring of key radio transmission performance
specifications such as the microwave transmit power and the RSSI.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports various loopback functions of service ports and IF ports.
The OptiX RTN 910 has a built-in test system. You can perform the PRBS test of an IF
port even when no special test tools are available.
The CF card that stores the data configuration file and the software can be replaced on site.
Thus, you can load the data or upgrade the software by replacing the CF card.
Two sets of software and data are stored in the flash memory of the control, switching, and
timing board to facilitate the smooth upgrade.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the regular backup and restoration of the NE database
remotely by using the U2000.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description

l
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the remote loading of the NE software and data by using the
U2000 to provide a complete NE upgrade solution. Thus, the entire network can be
upgraded rapidly.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the NSF function. When the soft reset is performed on the
control, switching, and timing board, the data still can be forwarded normally, thus
implementing the smooth software upgrade.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the hot patch loading function. You can upgrade the software
that is running without interrupting services.
The OptiX RTN 910 supports the software version rollback function. When a software
upgrade fails, the original software can be recovered, and therefore the original services of
the system can be restored.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

2-15
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Product Structure
About This Chapter

This topic describes the system architecture, hardware architecture, and software architecture
of the product, and the process of processing service signals.
3.1 System Architecture
The OptiX RTN 910 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit,
service switching unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power
unit, and ODU.
3.2 Hardware Structure
The OptiX RTN 910 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU and the ODU. An
ODU is connected to an IDU through an IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and
the O&M signals of the ODU, and supplies -48 V DC power to the ODU.
3.3 Software Structure
The OptiX RTN 910 software consists of the NMS software, IDU software, and ODU software.
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow
This topic considers the transmission of the TDM E1 services and the FE services that the
CXPAR or CXPBR accesses directly as an example to describe the service signal processing
flow of the OptiX RTN 910.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

3-1
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
3.1 System Architecture

The OptiX RTN 910 consists of a series of functional units, including the service interface unit,
service switching unit, IF unit, control unit, clock unit, auxiliary interface unit, fan unit, power
unit, and ODU.
Figure 3-1 Block diagram
ODU
IDU
Orderwire data
External alarm data
Sync data
Antenna
IF signal
Service
interface
unit
Ethernet
E1
c-STM-1
RF signal
Auxiliary
interface
unit
Service
bus
Service
switching
unit
Service
bus
IF unit
Control
and overhead bus
Clock
unit
Control
unit
Clock/time
interface
NM data
Fan
unit
Power
unit
-48V/-60V DC
Table 3-1 Functional unit
3-2
Functional Unit
Function
Service interface
unit
Accesses E1 signals.
Accesses c-STM-1 signals.
Accesses Ethernet signals.
Performs the corresponding PWE3 encapsulation for various

signals that are accessed.
Service switching
unit
Processes the MPLS protocol and forwards packets.
IF unit
Maps service signals to microwave frame signals and demaps

microwave frame signals to service signals.
Performs conversion between microwave frame signals and IF

analog signals.
Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU.
Supports FEC.

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Functional Unit
Function
Control unit
Provides the system communications and control.
Provides the system configuration and management.
Collects alarms and monitors performance.
Processes overheads.
Traces the clock source signal and provides various clock signals
for the system.
Processes the IEEE 1588v2 protocol to implement the clock or time

synchronization.
Provides input and output interfaces for the clock or time.
Provides the orderwire interface.
Provides the synchronous data interface.
Provides the external alarm input/output interface.
Accesses -48 V/-60 V DC power.
Provides DC power for the IDU.
Provides -48 V DC power for the ODU.
Clock unit
Auxiliary interface
unit
Power unit
Fan unit
Provides the wind cooling function for the IDU.
ODU
Converts IF analog signals to RF signals, and RF signals to IF analog

signals.
Provides the O&M channel between the IDU and the ODU.
3.2 Hardware Structure

The OptiX RTN 910 adopts a split structure. The system consists of the IDU and the ODU. An
ODU is connected to an IDU through an IF cable. The IF cable transmits IF service signals and
the O&M signals of the ODU, and supplies -48 V DC power to the ODU.
3.2.1 IDU
The IDU 910 is the IDU of the OptiX RTN 910.
The IDU 910 adopts the card plug-in design. It can implement different functions by configuring
different types of boards.
Figure 3-2 IDU slot layout
Slot
Slot
5
6
(PIU) (FAN)
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
Slot 3 (EXT)
Slot 4 (EXT)
Slot 1 & Slot 2 (CXPAR/CXPBR/CXPGR/CXPHR)

3-3
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
NOTE
The EXT represents an extended slot, which can be inserted with various IF boards and interface boards.
Table 3-2 List of IDUs

Board
Name
CXPAR
CXPBR
Full Name
Valid Slot
Description
System
control,
switching,
and timing
board
Slot 1 & slot

2
Provides 6.5 Gbit/s packet switching.
Performs system communication and

control.
Processes the clock signals, provides two
clock/time shared interfaces.
Provides 16xE1 interfaces (The CXPAR
provides 75-ohm interfaces, and the
CXPBR provides 120-ohm interfaces).
Provides four FE interfaces.
System
control,
switching,
and timing
board
l
l
CXPGR
CXPHR
System
control,
switching,
and timing
board
Slot 1 & slot

2
Provides 6.5 Gbit/s packet switching.
Performs system communication and

control.
Processes the clock signals, provides two
clock/time shared interfaces.
Provides 16xE1 interfaces (The CXPGR
provides 75-ohm interfaces, and the
CXPHR provides 120-ohm interfaces).
Provides four FE interfaces.
System
control,
switching,
and timing
board
Provides two GE optical interfaces or GE

electrical interfaces that are equipped with
the SFP modules.
Provides one Ethernet NM interface, one
NM serial interface, and one NE cascading
interface (the Ethernet NM interface and
NM serial interface share one port).
Provides one orderwire interface.
Provides one IF interface.
Supports the Packet microwave.
Supports AM.
IFE2
3-4
Packet IF
board with a
large
capacity
Slot 3 or slot
4
Provides one Ethernet NM interface, one

NM serial interface, and one NE cascading
interface (the Ethernet NM interface and
NM serial interface share one port).
Provides one orderwire interface, one
synchronous data interface, and threeinput and one-output external alarm
interfaces.

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Board
Name
IFU2
IFX2
Valid Slot
Description
Universal IF
board
Slot 3 or slot
4
Supports the Packet microwave.
Supports AM.
Supports the XPIC function of the Packet

microwave.
Supports AM.
Universal
XPIC IF
board
Slot 3 or slot
4
EF8T
8xFE service
interface
board
EF8F
8xFE service
interface
board
Provides 8xFE optical interfaces.
EG2
2xGE
service
interface
board
Uses the SFP optical module to provide two

GE optical interfaces.
EM6T
6 Port RJ45
Ethernet/
Gigabit
Ethernet
Interface
Board
EM6F
ML1
ML1A
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
Full Name
Slot 3 or slot
4
Slot 3 or slot
4
4 Port RJ45 +
2 Port SFP
Fast
Ethernet/
Gigabit
Ethernet
Interface
Board
Provides eight FE interfaces.
Provides four FE electrical interfaces.
Provides two GE electrical interfaces that

are compatible with the FE electrical
interface.
Provides four FE electrical interfaces.
Uses the SFP module to provide two GE

optical interfaces or GE electrical
interfaces.
16xE1
service
processing
board (75
ohms)
Slot 3 or slot
4
Provides sixteen 75-ohm E1 interfaces.
supporting the TDM E1, IMA E1, ML-PPP

E1, and Fractional E1.
16xE1
service
processing
board (120
ohms)
Slot 3 or slot
4
Provides sixteen 120-ohm E1 interfaces.
supporting the TDM E1, IMA E1, ML-PPP

E1, and Fractional E1.

3-5
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Board
Name
CD1
Full Name
Valid Slot
Description
Channelized
STM-1
service
processing
board
Slot 3 or slot
4
Provides two c-STM-1 interfaces. The two

interfaces can be used at the same time
only when configured into the LMSP.
Otherwise, only the first c-STM-1
interface can be used.
Supports the TDM, ATM, IMA, PPP, MLPPP, and Fractional E1.
TNC1PIU
Power board
Slot 5
Provides two -48 V/-60 V DC power inputs.
TNC1FAN
Fan board
Slot 6
Cools and ventilates the IDU.
3.2.2 ODU
The ODU is an integrated system and has various types. The architectures and working principles
of various types of ODUs are almost the same.
Block Diagram
Figure 3-3 Block diagram of the ODU
Multiplexer
Tx IF
O&M
uplink
Cable port
Up-conversion
Rx IF
Duplexer
CTRL
O&M
downlink
DC
AMP
Tx RF
Antenna port
Synthesizers
PWR
Down-conversion
LNA
Rx RF
Signal Processing in the Transmit Direction

The multiplexer splits the signal coming from the IF cable into a 350 MHz IF signal, an O&M
uplink signal, and a -48 V DC power signal.
In the transmit direction, the IF signal is processed as follows:
1.
3-6
Through the up-conversion, filtering, and amplification, the IF signal is converted into the
RF signal and then is sent to the AMP amplifier unit.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
2.
The AMP amplifies the RF signal (the output power of the signal can be controlled by the
IDU software).
3.
After the amplification, the RF signal is sent to the antenna through the duplexer.
The O&M uplink signal is a 5.5 MHz ASK-modulated signal and is demodulated in the CTRL
control unit.
The -48 V DC power signal is sent to the PWR power unit where the secondary power supply
of a different voltage is generated and provided to the modules of the ODU.
Signal Processing in the Receive Direction

In the duplexer, the receive RF signal is separated from the antenna signal. The RF signal is
amplified in the low noise amplifier (LNA). Through the down-conversion, filtering, and
amplification, the RF signal is converted into the 140 MHz IF signal and then sent to the
multiplexer.
The O&M downlink signal is modulated under the ASK scheme in the CTRL unit. The 10 MHz
signal is generated through the modulation and is sent to the multiplexer. The CTRL unit also
detects the received signal power through the RSSI detection circuit and provides the RSSI
interface.
The IF signal and the O&M downlink signal are combined in the multiplexer and then sent to
the IDU through the IF cable.
3.3 Software Structure

The OptiX RTN 910 software consists of the NMS software, IDU software, and ODU software.
Figure 3-4 shows the software structure. The NMS software communicates with the NE software
through the Qx interface. The Qx interface uses the OptiX private management protocol.
Figure 3-4 Software structure
NMS software
Qx interface
IDU software
ODU software
3.3.1 NMS Software

Huawei provides a transmission network management solution that meets the requirements of
the telecommunication management network (TMN) for managing all the OptiX RTN products
and other OptiX series transmission products on the network.
Related Concepts
5.1 Network Management Solution
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

3-7
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
3.3.2 IDU Software

The IDU software consists of the NE software and the board software.
The NE software manages, monitors, and controls the running status of the IDU. Through the
NE software, the NMS communicates with the boards, and controls and manages the NE. The
NE software communicates with the ODU software to manage and control the running of the
ODU.
The board software manages and controls the running status of other boards of the IDU except
the system control, switching, and timing board. The boards except the EM6T/EM6F board in
the IDU do not have their independent board software. The board software of the boards except
the EM6T/EM6F board in the IDU is integrated as software modules with the NE software and
runs in the CPU of the system control, switching, and timing board.
3.3.3 ODU Software

The ODU Software manages and controls the running status of the ODU. The ODU software
controls the running of the ODU based on the parameters transmitted by the IDU software. The
ODU running status is reported to the IDU software.
3.4 Service Signal Processing Flow

This topic considers the transmission of the TDM E1 services and the FE services that the
CXPAR or CXPBR accesses directly as an example to describe the service signal processing
flow of the OptiX RTN 910.
Figure 3-5 Service signal processing flow
IDU
E1
FE
CXPAR/
CXPBR
Service
bus
IFE2
IF
signal
ODU
RF
signal
Antenna
3-8

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Table 3-3 Service signal processing flow in the transmit direction

NO.
Component
Signal Processing Description
CXPAR/CXPBR
Accesses E1 signals and FE signals, and extracts E1 service

payloads and Ethernet frames.
Performs the PWE3 encapsulation for E1 service payloads

in CES emulation mode to form the Ethernet frames that
carry PW packets.
Performs Ethernet Layer 2 processing for Ethernet frames

based on the configuration and the Layer 2 protocol, and
then performs the PWE3 encapsulation to form the
Ethernet frames that carry PW packets.
Processes the Ethernet frames that carry and isolate PW

packets based on the service configuration and the Layer 3
protocol, and then forwards the processed Ethernet frames
to IFE2.
Selects the proper modulation mode based on the quality

of the channel.
Accesses the Ethernet frames transmitted from the CXPAR

or CXPBR.
Maps Ethernet frames into the microwave frame payload

area to form microwave frames along with the microwave
frame overheads.
Performs FEC coding.
Performs digital modulation.
Performs D/A conversion.
Performs analog modulation
Combines the analog IF signals and ODU O&M signals.
Transmits the combined signals and -48 V power to the

ODU through the IF cable.
Splits the analog IF signals, ODU O&M signals, and -48

V power.
Converts the analog IF signals into RF signals through up

conversions and amplification.
Transmits the RF signals to the antenna through the

waveguide.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
IFE2
ODU

3-9
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
3 Product Structure
Table 3-4 Service signal processing flow in the receive direction

NO.
Component
Signal Processing Description
ODU
Isolates and filters RF signals.
Converts the RF signals into analog IF signals through

down conversions and amplification.
Combines the IF signals and the ODU O&M signals.
Transmits the combined signals to the IF boards.
Splits the received analog IF signals and ODU O&M

signals.
Performs A/D conversion.
Performs digital demodulation.
Performs time domain adaptive equalization.
Performs FEC decoding.
Synchronizes and descrambles the frames.
Extracts overheads from microwave frames.
Extracts Ethernet frames from microwave frames, and then

transmits the Ethernet frames to the CXPAR or CXPBR.
Processes the Ethernet frames that carry PW packets based

on the service configuration and the Layer 3 protocol, and
then forwards the processed Ethernet frames.
Extracts Ethernet frames and E1 service payloads from PW

packets.
Outputs Ethernet frames that are processed according to

the configuration and the Layer 2 protocol, through the FE
interface.
Outputs E1 service payloads through the E1 interface.
3-10
IFE2
CXPAR/CXPBR

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
4 Services
Services
About This Chapter

The OptiX RTN 910 supports the Ethernet services, IMA services, and CES services.
4.1 Ethernet Services
The OptiX RTN 910 provides E-line and E-Aggr services over the public PSN for customers by
using the L2VPN technology.
4.2 IMA/ATM Services
The OptiX RTN 910 provides ATM emulation services by means of PWs in the packet-based
transport network.
4.3 CES Services
In a packet-based transport network, the CES circuit emulation technology is used to
transparently transmit TDM circuit switching data. The OptiX RTN 910 supports emulated
transparent transmission of the TDM E1/Fractional E1 services.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

4-1
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
4 Services
4.1 Ethernet Services

The OptiX RTN 910 provides E-line and E-Aggr services over the public PSN for customers by
using the L2VPN technology.
Service Forms
Standardization organizations such as ITU-T, IETF, and MEF stipulate the model frames for Eline services. Table 4-1 lists the model frames. The OptiX RTN 910 adopts the model frame
that is stipulated by MEF.
Table 4-1 Comparison among L2 Ethernet services stipulated by the standardization
organizations
Service Type
Service
Multiplexing
(Access Side)
Transmission
Channel
(Network
Side)
IETF
Model
ITU-T
Model
MEF
Model
Pointtopoint
service
Line
Physically
isolated
Physically
isolated
EPL
E-Line
Virtual
line
Physically
isolated
VLAN
EVPL
MPLS
VPWS
VLAN
Physically
isolated
VLAN
MPLS
VPWS
E-Line Service Illustration

Figure 4-1 illustrates the E-line service that is provided by the OptiX RTN 900 product.
Company A has branches in City 1 and City 3. Company B has branches in City 2 and City 3.
Company C has branches in City 1 and City 2. The branches of Company A, Company B, and
Company C require data communication among themselves within the Company. The OptiX
RTN 900 equipment can provide E-line services for Company A, Company B, and Company C
respectively to meet the communication requirements. In this case, the OptiX RTN 900 can
ensure that the service data of each company is fully isolated.
4-2

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
4 Services
Figure 4-1 E-Line service illustration
Company A
Company
A
Nationwide/Global
carrier Ethernet
Company B
Company C
City 1
City 3
E-Line1
E-Line2
E-Line3
Company B
OptiX RTN 900

Company C
OptiX packet
transmission product
City 2
E-Aggr Service Illustration

The E-Aggr service is a point-to-point bidirectional convergence service. Figure 4-2 illustrates
the E-Aggr service provided by the OptiX RTN 900 products.
To construct a 3G network, an operator needs to converge services from each NodeB and transmit
the converged services to the RNC. The data flow between the NodeB and the RNC is taken as
a service. At the convergence node, overall bandwidth is specified for the services to ensure the
QoS.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

4-3
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
4 Services
Figure 4-2 E-Aggr service illustration
FE
FE
GE
FE
OptiX RTN 900
Node B
RNC
4.2 IMA/ATM Services

The OptiX RTN 910 provides ATM emulation services by means of PWs in the packet-based
transport network.
The OptiX RTN 910 accesses ATM services on the source node, encapsulates ATM cells into
PWs, and transmits the PWs to the sink node. On the sink node, the ATM cells are recovered.
In this way, the ATM service emulation is achieved. The OptiX RTN 910 supports the following
modes to map the ATM cell flow to the PW.
l
1:1 virtual channel connection (VCC) mapping scheme: one VCC is mapped into one PW.
N:1 VCC mapping scheme: N (N16) VCCs are mapped into one PW.
1:1 virtual path connection (VPC) mapping scheme: one VPC is mapped into one PW.
N:1 VPC mapping scheme: N (N16) VPCs are mapped into one PW.
The OptiX RTN 910 can access ATM services directly through the E1 interface or by using the
IMA technology. It supports the following IMA operations:
l
Querying the IMA link state.
Querying the IMA group state.
Adding E1/Fractional E1 links to an IMA group.
Deleting E1/Fractional E1 links from an IMA group.
ATM specifications supported by the OptiX RTN 910 are listed as follows:
4-4

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
4 Services
l
A maximum of 31 ATM cells can be encapsulated in a PW packet.
A maximum of 8 IMA groups can be supported by the ML1 and ML1A boards.
A maximum of 32 IMA groups can be supported by the CD1board.
4.3 CES Services

In a packet-based transport network, the CES circuit emulation technology is used to
transparently transmit TDM circuit switching data. The OptiX RTN 910 supports emulated
transparent transmission of the TDM E1/Fractional E1 services.
Application Model
The OptiX RTN 910 can access CES services by using the PWE3 technology.
The CES service mainly applies to the wireless service and the enterprise private line service.
The 2G base station or enterprise private line accesses the OptiX RTN 910 by using the TDM
line. The OptiX RTN 900 equipment slices and encapsulates the TDM signals into data packets,
which are then transported to the opposite end through the PW in the metropolitan transport
network. See Figure 4-3.
Figure 4-3 Application model of the CES service
Backbone
layer
IP/MPLS backbone network
Convergence
layer
RNC
BSC
Access
layer
NodeB
CES
BTS
BTS
OptiX RTN 900
NodeB
OptiX packet
transmission product
In the case of a local CES service, it is like that there are two links on the equipment. The CES
service is transmitted upstream over one link and is transmitted downstream over the other link.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

4-5
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
4 Services
Emulation Mode
The OptiX RTN 910 supports CES services of the two modes known as the structured emulation
mode and the unstructured emulation mode.
The structured emulation mode is referred to as structure-aware TDM circuit emulation service
over packet switched network (CESoPSN). In this mode:
l
The equipment senses frame structures, frame alignment modes, and timeslots in the TDM
circuit.
The equipment processes the overhead and extracts the payload in TDM frames. Then, the
equipment delivers timeslots of each channel to the packet payload according to a certain
sequence. Thus, services of each channel in the packet are fixed and visible.
Each data packet that carries the CES service loads a fixed number of TDM frames. The
encapsulation time can be configured from 0.125 ms to 5 ms.
The jitter buffer can be configured from 0.375 ms to 16 ms.
The unstructured emulation mode is referred to as structure-agnostic TDM over packet (SAToP).
In this mode:
l
The equipment considers the TDM signals as bit streams at a constant rate instead of sensing
structures in the TDM signals. The entire bandwidth of the TDM signals is emulated.
Overheads and payloads in the TDM signals are transparently transmitted.
The encapsulation time can be configured from 0.125 ms to 5 ms.
The jitter buffer can be configured from 0.375 ms to 16 ms.
In the CESoPSN mode, the OptiX RTN 910 provides the compression function for the idle 64
kbit/s timeslots in the TDM E1 signals, to save the transmission bandwidth. See Figure 4-4.
Figure 4-4 Compression function for the idle 64 kbit/s timeslots in the E1 signals
BTS
0 1
2 3
... 2
9 30
31
30 3
... 29
3
2
0 1
PW
1 2 29
1
PW
1 3 30 31
BSC
BTS
0 1 2 3 ... 29 30 31
PW
1 2 3
BTS
0 1 2 3 ... 29 30 31
4-6
Timeslots in the E1 frame

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
4 Services
Service Clocks
TDM services have high requirements for clock synchronization. The OptiX RTN 910 supports
the retiming synchronization mode.
In the retiming synchronization mode, the system clock of the PEs are synchronized and the
system clock is used as the service clock (retiming). Thus, all the PEs and CEs are synchronized
and the service clocks of the TDM services on all the CEs and PEs are synchronized. See Figure
4-5.
Figure 4-5 Retiming synchronization mode of the CES service clock
BTS
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
TDM
PE
CES
PE
TDM

BSC
4-7
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
5 Network Management System
Network Management System
About This Chapter

This topic describes the network management solution and the NMS software that contributes
to this solution.
Huawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN for
different function domains and customers on telecommunication networks.
5.2 LCT
The LCT is a local maintenance terminal. The LCT provides the following management
functions at the NE layer: NE management, alarm management, performance management,
configuration management, communication management, and security management.
5.3 U2000
The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 server
through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport subnets in the unified manner. The U2000
can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the management function at
the network layer.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

5-1
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description

Huawei provides a complete transport network management solution compliant with TMN for
different function domains and customers on telecommunication networks.
The NM solutions include the following:
l
iManager LCT local maintenance terminal
iManager U2000 unified network management system
Figure 5-1 Network management solution to the transmission network
Network-level NM
Local craft terminal
iManager
U2000
iManager LCT
5.2 LCT
The LCT is a local maintenance terminal. The LCT provides the following management
functions at the NE layer: NE management, alarm management, performance management,
configuration management, communication management, and security management.
NE Management
l
Search of NEs
Addition/Deletion of NEs
Login or logout of NEs
NE time management
Alarm Management
l
Setting of alarm monitoring strategies
View of alarms
Deletion of alarms
Performance Management
5-2
Setting of performance monitoring strategies
View of performance events
Resetting of performance registers

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Configuration Management
l
Basic NE information configuration
Radio link configuration
Protection configuration
Interface configuration
Service configuration
Clock configuration
Communication Management
l
Communication parameter management
Inband DCN management
HWECC protocol management
IP protocol management
Security Management
l
NE user management
NE user group management
LCT access control
Online user management
NE security parameters
NE security log
NMS user management
NMS log management
5.3 U2000
The U2000 is a network-level network management system. A user can access the U2000 server
through a U2000 client to manage Huawei transport subnets in the unified manner. The U2000
can provide not only the NE-level management function, but also the management function at
the network layer.
NE Level Management
l
NE object management
NE level alarm management
NE level performance management
NE level configuration management
NE level communication management
NE level security management
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

5-3
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Network Level Management

l
Topology management
Network level alarm management
Network level performance management
Network level configuration management
Network level communication management
Network level security management
Network-wide clock management
Report function
Northbound SNMP interface
Others
5-4

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Performance
About This Chapter

This topic describes the technical specifications of the OptiX RTN 910.
6.1 RF Performance
This topic describes the radio frequency (RF) performance and various technical specifications
related to microwaves.
6.2 Packet Service Capability
The product provides the powerful packet service capability to meet the relevant requirements
of operators.
6.3 Equipment Reliability
Equipment reliability includes the component reliability and the link reliability.
6.4 Interface Performance
This section describes the technical specifications of various services and auxiliary interfaces.
6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance
The clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the product meet relevant
ITU-T recommendations.
6.6 Integrated System Performance
Integrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power consumption, power
supply, EMC, lightning protection, safety, and environment.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

6-1
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
6.1 RF Performance
This topic describes the radio frequency (RF) performance and various technical specifications
related to microwaves.
6.1.1 Microwave Work Modes

This topic lists the microwave work modes that are supported by the OptiX RTN 910.
Table 6-1 Microwave work modes (IFE2/IFU2 board)
6-2
Modulation Mode
Air Interface
Service Capacity
(Mbit/s)
Ethernet
Throughput
(Mbit/s)
QPSK
10
9 to 11
16QAM
20
19 to 23
32QAM
25
24 to 29
64QAM
32
31 to 37
128QAM
38
37 to 44
256QAM
44
43 to 51
14 (13.75)
QPSK
20
20 to 23
14 (13.75)
16QAM
42
41 to 48
14 (13.75)
32QAM
51
50 to 59
14 (13.75)
64QAM
66
65 to 76
14 (13.75)
128QAM
78
77 to 90
14 (13.75)
256QAM
90
90 to 104
28 (27.5)
QPSK
42
41 to 48
28 (27.5)
16QAM
84
84 to 97
28 (27.5)
32QAM
105
108 to 125
28 (27.5)
64QAM
133
130 to 150
28 (27.5)
128QAM
158
160 to 180
28 (27.5)
256QAM
183
180 to 210
56 (55)
QPSK
84
84 to 97
56 (55)
16QAM
168
170 to 190
56 (55)
32QAM
208
210 to 240
Channel Spacing
(MHz)

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Modulation Mode
Air Interface
Service Capacity
(Mbit/s)
Ethernet
Throughput
(Mbit/s)
56 (55)
64QAM
265
260 to 310
56 (55)
128QAM
313
310 to 360
56 (55)
256QAM
363
360 to 420
Ethernet
Throughput
(Mbit/s)
Channel Spacing
(MHz)
Table 6-2 Microwave work modes (IFX2 board)

Channel Spacing
(MHz)
Modulation Mode
Air Interface
Service Capacity
(Mbit/s)
28 (27.5)
QPSK
42
41 to 48
28 (27.5)
16QAM
84
84 to 97
28 (27.5)
32QAM
104
103 to 120
28 (27.5)
64QAM
132
130 to 150
28 (27.5)
128QAM
159
160 to 180
28 (27.5)
256QAM
182
180 to 210
56 (55)
QPSK
83
83 to 97
56 (55)
16QAM
167
170 to 190
56 (55)
32QAM
214
215 to 245
56 (55)
64QAM
263
260 to 305
56 (55)
128QAM
312
310 to 360
56 (55)
256QAM
360
360 to 410
NOTE
The channel spacings 13.75 MHz, 27.5 MHz, and 55 MHz are applied to the 18 GHz frequency band.
The channel spacings listed in the table are the minimum channel spacings supported by the product. The
channel spacings larger than the values are also supported.
6.1.2 Frequency Band

The ODUs of the different series and different types support different operating frequency bands.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

6-3
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Frequency Bands (Standard Power ODU)

Table 6-3 Frequency Band (SP ODU)
Frequency
Band
Frequency Range (GHz)
T/R Spacing (MHz)
7 GHz
7.093-7.897
154, 161, 168, 196, 245
8 GHz
7.731-8.496
119, 126, 266, 311.32
11 GHz
10.675-11.745
490, 500, 530
13 GHz
12.751-13.248
266
15 GHz
14.403-15.348
315, 322, 420, 490, 728
18 GHz
17.685-19.710
1008, 1010, 1560
23 GHz
21.200-23.618
1008, 1200, 1232
26 GHz
24.549-26.453
1008
38 GHz
37.044-40,105
700, 1260
Table 6-4 Frequency band (SPA ODU)
6-4
Frequency
Band
T/R Spacing (MHz)
6 GHz
5.915-6.425 (L6)
252.04 (L6)
6.425-7.125 (U6)
340 (U6)
7 GHz
7.093-7.897
154, 161, 168, 196, 245
8 GHz
7.731-8.496
119, 126, 266, 311.32
11 GHz
10.675-11.745
490, 500, 530
13 GHz
12.751-13.248
266
15 GHz
14.403-15.348
420, 490
18 GHz
17.685-19.710
1008, 1010
23 GHz
21.200-23.618
1008, 1232

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Frequency Bands (High Power ODU)

Table 6-5 Frequency band (HP ODU)
Frequency
Band
T/R Spacing (MHz)
7 GHz
7.093-7.897
154, 161, 168, 196, 245
8 GHz
7.731-8.497
119, 126, 151.614, 208, 266, 311.32
11 GHz
10.675-11.745
490, 500, 530
13 GHz
12.751-13.248
266
15 GHz
14.400-15.353
315, 322, 420, 490, 644, 728
18 GHz
17.685-19.710
1008, 1010, 1560
23 GHz
21.200-23.618
1008, 1200, 1232
26 GHz
24.549-26.453
1008
28 GHz
27.520-29.481
1008
32 GHz
31.815-33.383
812
38 GHz
37.044-40.105
700, 1260
Table 6-6 Frequency band (XMC-2 ODU)

Frequency
Band
T/R Spacing (MHz)
7 GHz
7.093-7.897
154, 160, 161, 168, 196, 245
8 GHz
7.731-8.497
119/126, 151.614, 208, 266, 311.32
13 GHz
12.751-13.248
266
15 GHz
14.400-15.358
315/322, 420, 475, 490, 640, 644, 728
18 GHz
17.685-19.710
1010/1008, 1092.5, 1560
23 GHz
21.200-23.618
1008, 1200, 1232
6.1.3 Receiver Sensitivity

The receiver sensitivity reflects the anti-fading capability of the microwave equipment.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

6-5
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
NOTE
For a guaranteed value, remove 3 dBm from the typical value.
The 6 GHz ODU does not support the modulation mode of 256QAM and the channel spacing of 56
MHz. The value of the receiver sensitivity is unavailable (NA) in the case of the 6 GHz ODU.
Table 6-7 Typical receiver sensitivity values (i)

Performance (at 7 MHz Channel Spacing)
Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
RSL@ BER = 10-6 (unit: dBm)

@6 GHz
-92.5
-86.5
-82.5
-79.5
-76.5
NA
@7 GHz
-92.5
-86.5
-82.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
@8 GHz
-92.5
-86.5
-82.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
@11 GHz
-92
-86
-82
-79
-76
-73
@13 GHz
-92
-86
-82
-79
-76
-73
@15 GHz
-92
-86
-82
-79
-76
-73
@18 GHz
-92
-86
-82
-79
-76
-73
@23 GHz
-91.5
-85.5
-81.5
-78.5
-75.5
-72.5
@26 GHz
-91
-85
-81
-78
-75
-72
@28 GHz
-90.5
-84.5
-80.5
-77.5
-74.5
-71.5
@32 GHz
-90
-84
-80
-77
-74
-71
@38 GHz
-89.5
-83.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
Table 6-8 Typical receiver sensitivity values (ii)

Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
6-6
@6 GHz
-90.5
-83.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
NA
@7 GHz
-90.5
-83.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
@8 GHz
-90.5
-83.5
-79.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
@11 GHz
-90
-83
-79
-76
-73
-70
@13 GHz
-90
-83
-79
-76
-73
-70
@15 GHz
-90
-83
-79
-76
-73
-70

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance

Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
@18 GHz
-90
-83
-79
-76
-73
-70
@23 GHz
-89.5
-82.5
-78.5
-75.5
-72.5
-69.5
@26 GHz
-89
-82
-78
-75
-72
-69
@28 GHz
-88.5
-81.5
-77.5
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
@32 GHz
-88
-81
-77
-74
-71
-68
@38 GHz
-87.5
-80.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
Table 6-9 Typical receiver sensitivity values (iii)

Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM

@6 GHz
-87.5
-80.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
NA
@7 GHz
-87.5
-80.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
@8 GHz
-87.5
-80.5
-76.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
@11 GHz
-87
-80
-76
-73
-70
-67
@13 GHz
-87
-80
-76
-73
-70
-67
@15 GHz
-87
-80
-76
-73
-70
-67
@18 GHz
-87
-80
-76
-73
-70
-67
@23 GHz
-86.5
-79.5
-75.5
-72.5
-69.5
-66.5
@26 GHz
-86
-79
-75
-72
-69
-66
@28 GHz
-85.5
-78.5
-74.5
-71.5
-68.5
-65.5
@32 GHz
-85
-78
-74
-71
-68
-65
@38 GHz
-84.5
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
128QAM
256QAM
Table 6-10 Typical receiver sensitivity values (iv)

Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

6-7
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance

Item
QPSK
16QAM
32QAM
64QAM
128QAM
256QAM
@6 GHz
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
@7 GHz
-84.5
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
@8 GHz
-84.5
-77.5
-73.5
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
@11 GHz
-84
-77
-73
-70
-67
-64
@13 GHz
-84
-77
-73
-70
-67
-64
@15 GHz
-84
-77
-73
-70
-67
-64
@18 GHz
-84
-77
-73
-70
-67
-64
@23 GHz
-83.5
-76.5
-72.5
-69.5
-66.5
-63.5
@26 GHz
-83
-76
-72
-69
-66
-63
@28 GHz
-82.5
-75.5
-71.5
-68.5
-65.5
-62.5
@32 GHz
-82
-75
-71
-68
-65
-62
@38 GHz
-81.5
-74.5
-70.5
-67.5
-64.5
-61.5
6.1.4 Transceiver Performance

The performance of the transceiver includes the nominal maximum/minimum transmit power,
nominal maximum receive power, and frequency stability.
Transceiver Performance (Standard Power ODU)

Table 6-11 Transceiver Performance (SP ODU)
Item
Performance
QPSK
16QAM/
32QAM
64QAM/
128QAM
256QAM
Nominal maximum transmit power (dBm)
6-8
@7 GHz
27
22.5
18.5
16.5
@8 GHz
27
22.5
18.5
16.5
@11 GHz
26
21.5
17.5
15.5
@13 GHz
26
21.5
17.5
15.5
@15 GHz
26
21.5
17.5
15.5
@18 GHz
25.5
21.5
17.5
15.5

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
QPSK
16QAM/
32QAM
64QAM/
128QAM
256QAM
@23 GHz
24
20.5
16.5
14.5
@26 GHz
23.5
19.5
15.5
13.5
@38 GHz
22
17.5
13.5
11.5
Nominal
minimum
transmit power
(dBm)
-6
Nominal
maximum
receive power
(dBm)
-20
Frequency
stability (ppm)
-25
Table 6-12 Transceiver performance (SPA ODU)

Item
Performance
QPSK
16QAM/32QAM
64QAM/128QAM
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
@6 GHz
26.5
24
23
@7 GHz
25.5
21.5
20
@8 GHz
25.5
21.5
20
@11 GHz
24.5
20.5
18
@13 GHz
24.5
20
18
@15 GHz
24.5
20
18
@18 GHz
22.5
19
17
@23 GHz
22.5
19
16
Nominal minimum
transmit power
(dBm)
Nominal maximum
receive power (dBm)
-20

6-9
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
QPSK
Frequency stability
(ppm)
16QAM/32QAM
64QAM/128QAM
Transceiver Performance (High Power ODU)

Table 6-13 Transceiver performance (HP ODU)
Item
Performance
QPSK
16QAM/
32QAM
64QAM/
128QAM
256QAM

@7 GHz
30
28
25
23
@8 GHz
30
28
25
23
@11 GHz
28
26
22
20
@13 GHz
26
24
20
18
@15 GHz
26
24
20
18
@18 GHz
25.5
23
19
17
@23 GHz
25
23
19
17
@26 GHz
25
22
19
17
@28GHz
25
22
17
15
@32 GHz
23
21
17
15
@38 GHz
23
20
17
15
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm)
6-10
@7 GHz
@8 GHz
@11 GHz
@13 GHz
@15 GHz
@18 GHz
@23 GHz
@26 GHz
2
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
QPSK
@28GHz
@32 GHz
@38 GHz
Nominal
maximum
receive power
(dBm)
-20
Frequency
stability (ppm)
16QAM/
32QAM
64QAM/
128QAM
256QAM
-25
Table 6-14 Transceiver performance (XMC-2 ODU)

Item
Performance
QPSK
16QAM/
32QAM
64QAM/
128QAM
256QAM

NOTE
When the working frequency is 7 GHz and the channel spacing is 56 MHz, the value of this counter in
each modulation format reduces by 3 dBm.
When the working frequency is 8 GHz and the channel spacing is 40 MHz or 56 MHz, the value of this
counter in each modulation format reduces by 3 dBm.
@7 GHz
26.5
25.5
25
22
@8 GHz
26.5
25.5
25
22
@13 GHz
25
22
20.5
17.5
@15 GHz
25
22
20.5
17.5
@18 GHz
24
21
19.5
16.5
@23 GHz
24
21
19.5
16.5
Nominal minimum transmit power (dBm)
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
@7 GHz
6.5
@8 GHz
6.5
@13 GHz
@15 GHz
@18 GHz

6-11
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
QPSK
@23 GHz
Nominal
maximum
receive power
(dBm)
-20
Frequency
stability (ppm)
16QAM/
32QAM
64QAM/
128QAM
256QAM
-25
6.1.5 IF Performance
The IF performance includes the performance of the IF signal and the performance of the ODU
O&M signal.
Table 6-15 IF performance
Item
Performance
IF signal
Transmit frequency of the IF
board (MHz)
350
Receive frequency of the IF

board (MHz)
140
Impedance (ohm)
50
ODU O&M signal

Modulation mode
ASK
Transmit frequency of the IF

board (MHz)
5.5
Receive frequency of the IF

board (MHz)
10
6.1.6 Baseband Signal Processing Performance of the Modem

The baseband signal processing performance of the modem indicates the FEC coding scheme
and the performance of the baseband time domain adaptive equalizer.
6-12

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Table 6-16 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem

Item
Performance
Encoding mode
Low-density parity check code (LDPC) encoding.
Adaptive timedomain equalizer for

baseband signals
Supported.
6.2 Packet Service Capability

The product provides the powerful packet service capability to meet the relevant requirements
of operators.
Table 6-17 Packet service capability
Item
Performance Specification
Number of supported VLAN tags
4K
Number of supported tunnels
512
Number of supported PWs
1024
Number of E-Lines
1024
6.3 Equipment Reliability

Equipment reliability includes the component reliability and the link reliability.
6.3.1 Component Reliability

The component reliability reflects the reliability of a single component.
Table 6-18 Component reliability
Item
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
Performance
IDU (1+0 Nonprotection
Configuration)
IDU (1+1 Protection

Configuration)
ODU
MTBF (h)
354749
547272
481788
MTTR (h)
Availability
99.99972%
99.99982%
99.99979%

6-13
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
6.3.2 Link Reliability

The link reliability reflects the reliability of a microwave hop and reflects the reliability of all
the involved components.
Table 6-19 Link reliability per hop
Item
Performance
1+0 Non-protection
Configuration
1+1 Protection Configuration
MTBF (h)
102155
258929
MTTR (h)
Availability
99.99902%
99.99961%
6.4 Interface Performance

This section describes the technical specifications of various services and auxiliary interfaces.
6.4.1 SDH Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the SDH optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957/G.825.
C-STM-1 Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the STM-1 optical interface is compliant with ITU-T G.957/G.825. The
following table provides the primary performance.
Table 6-20 C-STM-1 Optical Interface Performance
6-14
Item
Performance
Nominal bit rate (kbit/s)
155520
Classification code
S-1.1
L-1.1
L-1.2
Fiber type
Single-mode
fiber
Single-mode
fiber
Single-mode
fiber
Transmission distance (km)
15
40
80
Operating wavelength (nm)
1261 to 1360
1263 to 1360
1480 to 1580
Mean launched power (dBm)
-15 to -8
-5 to 0
-5 to 0
Receiver minimum sensitivity

(dBm)
-28
-34
-34
Minimum overload (dBm)
-8
-10
-10

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
Minimum extinction ratio (dB)
8.2
10
10
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 910 uses SFP modules for providing optical interfaces. You can use different types of SFP
modules to provide optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
6.4.2 E1 Interface Performance

The performance of the E1 interface is compliant with ITU-T G.703/G.823.
E1 Interface Performance
Table 6-21 E1 interface performance
Item
Performance
2048
Code pattern
HDB3
Wire pair in each

transmission direction
One coaxial wire pair
One symmetrical wire pair
Impedance (ohm)
75
120
6.4.3 Ethernet Interface Performance

The performance of the Ethernet interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3.
GE Optical Interface Performance

The performance of the GE optical interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3. The following table
provides the primary performance.
Table 6-22 GE optical interface performance
Item
Performance
Nominal bit
rate (kbit/s)
1000
Optical
interface type
1000BASELX
1000BASESX
1000BASEVX
1000BASEZX
1000BASECWDM
(0.5 km)
(10 km)
(40 km)
(80 km)
(40 km)
Multi-mode
Single-mode
Single-mode
Single-mode
Single-mode
Fiber type
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

6-15
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
Central
wavelength
(nm)
770 to 860
1270 to 1355
1270 to 1355
1500 to 1580
For details
on
wavelength
allocation,
see Table
6-23.
Mean
launched
optical power
(dBm)
-9.5 to 0
-11 to -3
- 5 to 0
-2 to 5
0 to 5
Receiver
sensitivity
(dBm)
-17
-19
-22
-22
-19
Min. overhead
point (dBm)
-3
-3
-3
-3
Extinction
ratio (dB)
Table 6-23 Allocation of central wavelengths of 1000BASE-CWDM interfaces

No.
Wavelength (nm)
No.
Wavelength (nm)
1464.5 to 1477.5
1544.5 to 1557.5
1484.5 to 1497.5
1564.5 to 1577.5
1504.5 to 1517.5
1584.5 to 1597.5
1524.5 to 1537.5
1604.5 to 1617.5
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 910 uses SFP modules for providing GE optical interfaces. You can use different types of SFP
modules to provide GE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
Performance of the FE Optical Interface

The FE optical interface complies with IEEE 802.3. The following table describes the primary
performance.
Table 6-24 Performance of the FE optical interface
6-16
Item
Performance
Nominal bit rate

(kbit/s)
100

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Item
Performance
Optical interface
type
100BASE-FX
100BASE-FX
100BASE-FX
(15 km)
(40 km)
(80 km)
Fiber type
Single-mode
Single-mode
Single-mode
Central wavelength
(nm)
1261 to 1360
1263 to 1360
1480 to 1580
Mean launched
optical power (dBm)
- 15 to - 8
- 5 to 0
-5 to 0
Receiver sensitivity
(dBm)
-28
-34
-34
Min. overhead point

(dBm)
-8
-10
-10
Extinction ratio (dB)
8.2
10
10
NOTE
The OptiX RTN 910 uses SFP modules for providing FE optical interfaces. You can use different types of SFP
modules to provide FE optical interfaces with different classification codes and transmission distances.
GE electric Interface Performance

The GE electric interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3. The following table provides the primary
performance.
Table 6-25 GE electric interface performance
Item
Performance
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s)
10 (10BASE-T)
100 (100BASE-TX)
1000 (1000BASE-T)
Code pattern
Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)

MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)
4D-PAM5 encoding signal (1000BASE-T)
Interface type
RJ-45
FE electric Interface Performance

The 10/100BASE-T(X) interface is compliant with IEEE 802.3. The following table provides
the primary performance.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

6-17
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Table 6-26 FE electric interface performance

Item
Performance
Nominal bit rate (Mbit/s)
10 (10BASE-T)
100 (100BASE-TX)
Code pattern
Manchester encoding signal (10BASE-T)

MLT-3 encoding signal (100BASE-TX)
Interface type
RJ-45
6.4.4 Auxiliary Interface Performance

The auxiliary interface performance includes the performance of the orderwire interface and
synchronous data interface.
Orderwire Interface Performance

Table 6-27 Orderwire interface performance
Item
Performance
Transmission path
Uses the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the

microwave frame.
Orderwire type
Addressing call
Wire pair in each

transmission direction
One symmetrical wire pair
Impedance (ohm)
600
Synchronous Data Interface Performance

Table 6-28 Synchronous data interface performance
6-18
Item
Performance
Transmission path
Uses the Huawei-defined byte in the overhead of the

microwave frame.
64
Interface type
Codirectional
Interface characteristics
Meets the ITU-T G.703 standard.

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
6.5 Clock Timing and Synchronization Performance

The clock timing performance and synchronization performance of the product meet relevant
ITU-T recommendations.
Table 6-29 Clock timing and synchronization performance
Item
Performance
External synchronization
source
2048 kbit/s (compliant with ITU-T G.703 9), or 2048 kHz

(compliant with ITU-T G.703 13)
Frequency accuracy
Compliant with ITU-T G.813
Pull-in, hold-in, and pull-out

ranges
Noise generation
Noise tolerance
Noise transfer
Transient response and
holdover performance
6.6 Integrated System Performance

Integrated system performance includes the dimensions, weight, power consumption, power
supply, EMC, lightning protection, safety, and environment.
Dimensions
Table 6-30 Dimensions
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
Component
Dimensions
IDU
442 mm (width) x 220 mm (depth) x 44 mm (height)
ODU
< 280 mm (width) x 92 mm (depth) x 280 mm (height)

6-19
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
Weight and Power Consumption

Table 6-31 Typical weight
Component
Typical Weight
IDU
4.1 kg, (1+0 non-protection)

4.6 kg, (1+1 protection)
ODU
< 4.6 kg
Table 6-32 Typical power consumption

No.
Configuration
(Service Interface, RF configuration)
Typical Power
Consumption
(IDU+ODU)
16xE1+4xFE, 1+0 non-protection
118 W
(1xCXPAR+1xIFE2+1xSP ODU+1xFAN
+1xPIU)
2
16xE1+4xFE, 1+1 HSB protection
155 W
(1xCXPAR+2xIFE2+2xSP ODU+1xFAN
+1xPIU)
Power Supply
Table 6-33 Power Supply
Component
Performance
IDU
Compliant with ETSI EN300 132-2
Supporting two -48 V/-60 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power

inputs (mutual backup)
Compliant with ETSI EN300 132-2
Supporting one -48 V (-38.4 V to -72 V) DC power input

that is provided by the IDU
ODU
Electromagnetic Compatibility
6-20
Passes CE authentication.
Compliant with ETSI EN 301 489-1.
Compliant with ETSI EN 301 489-4.
Compliant with CISPR 22.

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
6 Performance
l
Compliant with EN 55022.
Lightning Protection
l
Compliant with ITU-T K.27.
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 253.
Passes CE authentication.
Compliant with ETSI EN 60215.
Compliant with ETSI EN 60950.
Compliant with IEC 60825.
Safety
Environment
The IDU is a unit used in a place that has weather protection and where the temperature can be
controlled. The ODU is an outdoor unit.
Table 6-34 Environment performance

Item
Major
reference
standards
Air
temperature
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
Component
IDU
ODU
Operation
Compliant with ETSI EN

300 019-1-3 class 3.2
Compliant with ETSI EN

300 019-1-4 class 4.1
Transportation
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-2 class 2.3
Storage
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019-1-1 class 1.2
Operation
-5C to +55C
Transportation
and storage
-40C to +70C
-35C to +55C
Relative humidity
5% to 95%
5% to 100%
Noise
< 7.2 bel, compliant with

ETSI EN 300 753 class 3.2
attended
Earthquake
Compliant with Bellcore GR-63-CORE ZONE 4
Mechanical stress
Compliant with ETSI EN 300 019

6-21
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Glossary
Terms are listed in an alphabetical order.

A.1 0-9
A.2 A-E
A.3 F-J
A.4 K-O
A.5 P-T
A.6 U-Z
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-1
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
A.1 0-9
1+1 protection
An architecture that has one normal traffic signal, one working SNC/trail, one protection
SNC/trail and a permanent bridge. At the source end, the normal traffic signal is
permanently bridged to both the working and protection SNC/trail. At the sink end, the
normal traffic signal is selected from the better of the two SNCs/trails. Due to the
permanent bridging, the 1+1 architecture does not allow an extra unprotected traffic
signal to be provided.
1U
The standard electronics industries association (EIA) rack unit (44 mm/1.75 in.)
802.1Q in 802.1Q
802.1Q in 802.1Q (QinQ) is a VLAN feature that allows the equipment to add a VLAN
tag to a tagged frame.The implementation of QinQ is to add a public VLAN tag to a
frame with a private VLAN tag, making the frame encapsulated with two layers of VLAN
tags. The frame is forwarded over the service provider's backbone network based on the
public VLAN tag. By this, a layer 2 VPN tunnel is provided to customers.The QinQ
feature enables the transmission of the private VLANs to the peer end transparently.
A.2 A-E
A
ABR
See Available Bit Rate
ACAP
See adjacent channel alternate polarization
Access Control List
Access Control List (ACL) is a list of IP address. The addresses listed in the ACL are
used for authentication. If the ACL for the user is not null, it indicates that the address
where the user logged in is contained in the list.
ACL
See Access Control List
adaptive modulation
A technology that is used to automatically adjust the modulation mode according to the
channel quality. When the channel quality is favorable, the equipment adopts a highefficiency modulation mode to improve the transmission efficiency and the spectrum
utilization of the system. When the channel quality is degraded, the equipment adopts
the low-efficiency modulation mode to improve the anti-interference capability of the
link that carries high-priority services.
ADC
See Analog to Digital Converter
add/drop multiplexer
Add/Drop Multiplexing. Network elements that provide access to all or some subset of
the constituent signals contained within an STM-N signal. The constituent signals are
added to (inserted), and/or dropped from (extracted) the STM-N signal as it passed
through the ADM.
Address Resolution
Protocol
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is an Internet Protocol used to map IP addresses to

MAC addresses. It allows hosts and routers to determine the link layer addresses through
ARP requests and ARP responses. The address resolution is a process in which the host
converts the target IP address into a target MAC address before transmitting a frame.
The basic function of the ARP is to query the MAC address of the target equipment
through its IP address.
A-2

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
adjacent channel
alternate polarization
A channel configuration method, which uses two adjacent channels (a horizontal

polarization wave and a vertical polarization wave) to transmit two signals.
ADM
See add/drop multiplexer
Administrative Unit
The information structure which provides adaptation between the higher order path layer
and the multiplex section layer. It consists of an information payload (the higher order
VC) and an AU pointer which indicates the offset of the payload frame start relative to
the multiplex section frame start.
AF
See Assured Forwarding
AGC
See Automatic Gain Control
aggregation
A collection of objects that makes a whole. An aggregation can be a concrete or

conceptual set of whole-part relationships among objects.
AIS
See Alarm Indication Signal
Alarm automatic
report
When an alarm is generated on the device side, the alarm is reported to the N2000. Then,
an alarm panel prompts and the user can view the details of the alarm.
alarm cascading
The shunt-wound output of the alarm signals of several subracks or cabinets.
Alarm Filtering
An NE reports the detected alarm to the element management system (EMS). Based on
the filter state of the alarm, the EMS determines whether to display or save the alarm
information. If the filter state of an alarm is set to Filter, the alarm is not displayed or
stored on the EMS. The alarm, however, is still monitored by the NE.
Alarm Indication
Signal
A code sent downstream in a digital network as an indication that an upstream failure

has been detected and alarmed. It is associated with multiple transport layers. Note: See
ITU-T Rec. G.707/Y.1322 for specific AIS signals.
Alarm suppression
A function used not to monitor alarms for a specific object, which may be the
networkwide equipment, a specific NE, a specific board and even a specific function
module of a specific board.
AM
See adaptive modulation
Analog to Digital
Converter
An electronic circuit that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. The
reverse operation is performed by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC).
APS
See Automatic Protection Switching
ARP
See Address Resolution Protocol
ASK
amplitude shift keying
Assured Forwarding
Assured Forwarding (AF) is one of the four per-hop behaviors (PHB) defined by the
Diff-Serv workgroup of IETF. AF is suitable for certain key data services that require
assured bandwidth and short delay. For traffic within the limit, AF assures quality in
forwarding. For traffic that exceeds the limit, AF degrades the service class and continues
to forward the traffic instead of discarding the packets.
Asynchronous
Transfer Mode
A data transfer technology based on cell, in which packets allocation relies on channel
demand. It supports fast packet switching to achieve efficient utilization of network
resources. The size of a cell is 53 bytes, which consist of 48-byte payload and 5-byte
header.
ATM
See Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM PVC
ATM Permanent Virtual Circuit
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-3
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
ATPC
See automatic transmit power control
attenuator
A device used to increase the attenuation of an Optical Fibre Link. Generally used to
ensure that the signal at the receive end is not too strong.
AU
See Administrative Unit
Automatic Gain
Control
A process or means by which gain is automatically adjusted in a specified manner as a

function of a specified parameter, such as received signal level.
Automatic Protection
Switching
Automatic Protection Switching (APS) is the capability of a transmission system to

detect a failure on a working facility and to switch to a standby facility to recover the
traffic.
automatic transmit
power control
A method of adjusting the transmit power based on fading of the transmit signal detected
at the receiver
Available Bit Rate
A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. ABR only provides possible
forwarding service and applies to the connections that does not require the real-time
quality. It does not provide any guarantee in terms of cell loss or delay.
B
Backward Defect
Indication
When detecting a defect, the sink node of a LSP uses backward defect indication (BDI)
to inform the upstream end of the LSP of a downstream defect along the return path.
bandwidth
A range of transmission frequencies that a transmission line or channel can carry in a

network. In fact, it is the difference between the highest and lowest frequencies the
transmission line or channel. The greater the bandwidth, the faster the data transfer rate.
Base Station Controller A logical entity that connects the BTS with the MSC in a GSM network. It interworks
with the BTS through the Abis interface, the MSC through the A interface. It provides
the following functions: Radio resource management, Base station management, Power
control, Handover control, and Traffic measurement. One BSC controls and manages
one or more BTSs in an actual network.
Base Transceiver
Station
A Base Transceiver Station terminates the radio interface. It allows transmission of traffic
and signaling across the air interface. The BTS includes the baseband processing, radio
equipment, and the antenna.
BDI
See Backward Defect Indication
BE
See best effort
BER
See Bit Error Rate
best effort
A kind of PHB (Per-Hop-Behavior). In the forwarding process of a DS domain, the traffic

of this PHB type features reachability but the DS node does not guarantee the forwarding
quality.
BIOS
Basic Input Output System
BIP
Bit-Interleaved Parity
bit error
An incompatibility between a bit in a transmitted digital signal and the corresponding

bit in the received digital signal.
Bit Error Rate
Bit error rate. Ratio of received bits that contain errors. BER is an important index used
to measure the communications quality of a network.
A-4

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
blank filler panel
A piece of board to cover vacant slots, to keep the frame away from dirt, to keep proper
airflow inside the frame, and to beautify the frame appearance.
BPDU
See Bridge Protocol Data Unit
Bridge Protocol Data

Unit
The data messages that are exchanged across the switches within an extended LAN that
uses a spanning tree protocol (STP) topology. BPDU packets contain information on
ports, addresses, priorities and costs and ensure that the data ends up where it was
intended to go. BPDU messages are exchanged across bridges to detect loops in a
network topology. The loops are then removed by shutting down selected bridges
interfaces and placing redundant switch ports in a backup, or blocked, state.
Broadcast
A means of delivering information to all members in a network. The broadcast range is

determined by the broadcast address.
BSC
See Base Station Controller
BTS
See Base Transceiver Station
Buffer
A storage area used for handling data in transit. Buffers are used in internetworking to
compensate for differences in processing speed between network devices. Bursts of data
can be stored in buffers until they can be handled by slower processing devices.
C
C-VLAN
Customer VLAN
Cable distribution plate A component which is used to arrange the cables in order.
cable ladder
(1) A cable ladder is a frame which supports electrical cables. (2) Two metal cables
usually made of stainless steel with rungs of lightweight metal tubing such as aluminum,
six or eight inches wide spaced about eighteen inches apart. It can be rolled into a compact
lightweight bundle for transport ease.
cable tie
The tape used to bind the cables.
cabling trough
The trough which is used for cable routing in the cabinet.
captive nut
Captive nuts (or as they are more correctly named, 'tee nuts') have a range of uses but
are more commonly used in the hobby for engine fixing (securing engine mounts to the
firewall), wing fixings, and undercarriage fixing.
CAR
See committed access rate
CBR
See Constant Bit Rate
CCC
See Circuit Cross Connect
CCDP
See Co-Channel Dual Polarization
CCM
See continuity check message
CE
See Customer Edge
Central Processing
Unit
The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the processor
or central processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place.
CES
See Circuit Emulation Service
CF
See compact flash
CGMP
Cisco Group Management Protocol
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-5
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
CIR
See Committed Information Rate
Circuit Cross Connect
An implementation of MPLS L2VPN through the static configuration of labels.
Circuit Emulation
Service
A function with which the E1/T1 data can be transmitted through ATM networks. At the
transmission end, the interface module packs timeslot data into ATM cells. These ATM
cells are sent to the reception end through the ATM network. At the reception end, the
interface module re-assigns the data in these ATM cells to E1/T1 timeslots. The CES
technology guarantees that the data in E1/T1 timeslots can be recovered to the original
sequence at the reception end.
CIST
See Common and Internal Spanning Tree
CIST root
A switch of the highest priority is elected as the root in an MSTP network.
Class of Service
A class object that stores the priority mapping rules. When network congestion occurs,
the class of service (CoS) first processes services by different priority levels from high
to low. If the bandwidth is insufficient to support all services, the CoS dumps the services
of low priority.
Clock tracing
The method to keep the time on each node being synchronized with a clock source in a
network.
Co-Channel Dual
Polarization
A channel configuration method, which uses a horizontal polarization wave and a vertical
polarization wave to transmit two signals. The Co-Channel Dual Polarization is twice
the transmission capacity of the single polarization.
Coarse Wavelength
Division Multiplexing
A signal transmission technology that multiplexes widely-spaced optical channels into

the same fiber. CWDM widely spaces wavelengths at a spacing of several nm. CWDM
does not support optical amplifiers and is applied in short-distance chain networking.
Colored packet
A packet whose priority is determined by defined colors.
Combined cabinet
Two or multiple BTS cabinets of the same type are combined to serve as one BTS.
committed access rate
A traffic control method that uses a set of rate limits to be applied to a router interface.
CAR is a configurable method by which incoming and outgoing packets can be classified
into QoS (Quality of Service) groups, and by which the input or output transmission rate
can be defined.
Committed
Information Rate
The rate at which a frame relay network agrees to transfer information in normal
conditions. Namely, it is the rate, measured in bit/s, at which the token is transferred to
the leaky bucket.
Common and Internal Common and Internal Spanning Tree. The single Spanning Tree calculated by STP and
Spanning Tree
RSTP together with the logical continuation of that connectivity through MST Bridges
and regions, calculatedby MSTP to ensure that all LANs in the Bridged Local Area
Network are simply and fully connected.
compact flash
Compact flash (CF) was originally developed as a type of data storage device used in
portable electronic devices. For storage, CompactFlash typically uses flash memory in
a standardized enclosure.
Concatenation
A process that combines multiple virtual containers. The combined capacities can be
used a single capacity. The concatenation also keeps the integrity of bit sequence.
connecting plate for

combining cabinets
A plate that connects two adjacent cabinet together at the cabinet top for fixing.
A-6

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Connectivity Check
Ethernet CFM can detect the connectivity between MEPs. The detection is achieved by
each MEP transmitting a Continuity Check Message (CCM) periodically. This detection
is called CC detection.
Constant Bit Rate
constant bit rate. A kind of service categories defined by the ATM forum. CBR transfers
cells based on the constant bandwidth. It is applicable to service connections that depend
on precise clocking to ensure undistorted transmission.
Constraint Shortest
Path First
An extension of shortest path algorithms like OSPF and IS-IS. The path computed using
CSPF is a shortest path fulfilling set of constrains. It simply means that it runs shortest
path algorithm after pruning those links that violate a given set of constraints. A
constraint could be minimum bandwidth required per link (also know as bandwidth
guaranteed constraint), end-to-end delay, maximum number of link traversed etc. CSPF
is widely used in MPLS Traffic Engineering. The routing using CSPF is known as
Constraint Based Routing (CBR).
Constraint-based
Routed-Label
Distribution Protocol
An alternative to RSVP (Resource ReSerVation Protocol) in MPLS (MultiProtocol

Label Switching) networks. RSVP, which works at the IP (Internet Protocol) level, uses
IP or UDP datagrams to communicate between LSR (Label Switched Routing) peers.
RSVP does not require the maintenance of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
sessions, although RSVP must assume responsibility for error control. CR-LDP is
designed to facilitate the routing of LSPs (Label Switched Paths) through TCP sessions
between LSR peers through the communication of label distribution messages during
the session.
continuity check
message
CCM is used to detect the link status.
corrugated tube
A pipe which is used for fiber routing.
CoS
See Class of Service
CPU
See Central Processing Unit
CR-LDP
See Constraint-based Routed-Label Distribution Protocol
CRC
See Cyclic Redundancy Check
cross polarization
interference
cancellation
A technology used in the case of the Co-Channel Dual Polarization (CCDP) to eliminate
the cross-connect interference between two polarization waves in the CCDP.
CSPF
See Constraint Shortest Path First
Customer Edge
A part of BGP/MPLS IP VPN model. It provides interfaces for direct connection to the
Service Provider (SP) network. A CE can be a router, switch, or host.
CWDM
See Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
Cyclic Redundancy
Check
A procedure used in checking for errors in data transmission. CRC error checking uses
a complex calculation to generate a number based on the data transmitted. The sending
device performs the calculation before transmission and includes it in the packet that it
sends to the receiving device. The receiving device repeats the same calculation after
transmission. If both devices obtain the same result, it is assumed that the transmission
was error free. The procedure is known as a redundancy check because each transmission
includes not only data but extra (redundant) error-checking values.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-7
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
D
Data Circuit-terminal
Equipment
Also Data Communications Equipment (DCE) and Data Carrier Equipment (DCE). The
basic function of a DCE is to convert data from one interface, such as a digital signal, to
another interface, such as an analog signal. One example of DCE is a modem.
Data Communication
Network
A communication network used in a TMN or between TMNs to support the Data

Communication Function (DCF).
Data Communications The data channel that uses the D1-D12 bytes in the overhead of an STM-N signal to
Channel
transmit information on operation, management, maintenance and provision (OAM&P)
between NEs. The DCC channels that are composed of bytes D1-D3 is referred to as the
192 kbit/s DCC-R channel. The other DCC channel that are composed of bytes D4-D12
is referred to as the 576 kbit/s DCC-M channel.
Datagram
A kind of PDU which is used in Connectionless Network Protocol, such as IP datagram,

UDP datagram.
DC
See Direct Current
DC-C
See DC-Return Common (with Ground)
DC-I
See DC-Return Isolate (with Ground)
DC-Return Common
(with Ground)
A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and also on the line between
the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DC-Return Isolate
(with Ground)
A power system, in which the BGND of the DC return conductor is short-circuited with
the PGND on the output side of the power supply cabinet and is isolated from the PGND
on the line between the output of the power supply cabinet and the electric equipment.
DCC
See Data Communications Channel
DCE
See Data Circuit-terminal Equipment
DCN
See Data Communication Network
DDF
See Digital Distribution Frame
DDN
See Digital Data Network
DE
See discard eligible
Detour LSP
The LSP that is used to re-route traffic around a failure in one-to-one backup.
diamond-shaped nut
A type of nut that is used to fasten the wiring frame to the cabinet.
Differentiated Services A service architecture that provides the end-to-end QoS function. It consists of a series
of functional units implemented at the network nodes, including a small group of perhop forwarding behaviors, packet classification functions, and traffic conditioning
functions such as metering, marking, shaping and policing.
Differentiated Services Differentiated Services CodePoint. A marker in the header of each IP packet using bits
Code Point
0-6 in the DS field. Routers provide differentiated classes of services to various service
streams/flows based on this marker. In other words, routers select corresponding PHB
according to the DSCP value.
DiffServ
See Differentiated Services
Digital Data Network
A high-quality data transport tunnel that combines the digital channel (such as fiber
channel, digital microwave channel, or satellite channel) and the cross multiplex
technology.
A-8

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Digital Distribution
Frame
A type of equipment used between the transmission equipment and the exchange with
transmission rate of 2 to 155 Mbit/s to provide the functions such as cables connection,
cable patching, and test of loops that transmitting digital signals.
digital modulation
A digital modulation controls the changes in amplitude, phase, and frequency of the
carrier based on the changes in the baseband digital signal. In this manner, the
information can be transmitted by the carrier.
Direct Current
Electrical current whose direction of flow does not reverse. The current may stop or
change amplitude, but it always flows in the same direction.
discard eligible
A bit in the frame relay header. It indicates the priority of a packet. If a node supports
the FR QoS, the rate of the accessed FR packets is controlled. When the packet traffic
exceeds the specified traffic, the DE value of the redundant packets is set to 1. In the
case of network congestion, the packets with DE value as 1 are discarded at the node.
Distance Vector
Multicast Routing
Protocol
Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol. The DVMRP protocol is an Internet

gateway protocol mainly based on the RIP. The protocol implements a typical dense
mode IP multicast solution. The DVMRP protocol uses IGMP to exchange routing
datagrams with its neighbors.
DS boundary node
A DS node that connects one DS domain to a node either in another DS domain or in a

domain that is not DS-capable.
DS domain
In the DifferServ mechanism, the DS domain is a domain consisting of a group of

network nodes that share the same service provisioning policy and same PHB. It provides
point-to-point QoS guarantees for services transmitted over this domain.
DS interior node
A DS node located at the center of a DS domain. It is a non-DS boundary node.
DS node
A DS-compliant node, which is subdivided into DS boundary node and ID interior node.
DSCP
See Differentiated Services Code Point
dual-polarized antenna An antenna intended to radiate or receive simultaneously two independent radio waves
orthogonally polarized.
DVMRP
See Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol
E
E-AGGR
Ethernet-Aggregation
E-LAN
See Ethernet LAN
E-Tree
See Ethernet-Tree
EBS
See Excess Burst Size
ECC
See Embedded Control Channel
EF
See Expedited Forwarding
EFM
See Ethernet in the First mile
Electro Magnetic
Interference
Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or

limits the effective performance of electronics/electrical equipment.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-9
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
electromagnetic
compatibility
Electromagnetic compatibility is the condition which prevails when telecommunications

equipment is performing its individually designed function in a common electromagnetic
environment without causing or suffering unacceptable degradation due to unintentional
electromagnetic interference to or from other equipment in the same environment.
[NTIA]
ElectroStatic Discharge The sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at different
electrical potentials caused by direct contact or induced by an electrostatic field.
Embedded Control
Channel
An ECC provides a logical operations channel between SDH NEs, utilizing a data
communications channel (DCC) as its physical layer.
EMC
See electromagnetic compatibility
EMI
See Electro Magnetic Interference
Engineering label
A mark on a cable, a subrack, or a cabinet for identification.
EPLn
See Ethernet Private LAN
equalization
A method of avoiding selective fading of frequencies. Equalization can compensate for

the changes of amplitude frequency caused by frequency selective fading.
ERPS
See ethernet ring protection switching
ES-IS
End System to Intermediate System
ESD
See ElectroStatic Discharge
ESD jack
Electrostatic discharge jack. A hole in the cabinet or shelf, which connect the shelf or
cabinet to the insertion of ESD wrist strap.
ETH-CC
Ethernet Continuity Check
ETH-LB
Ethernet Loopback
ETH-LT
Ethernet Link Trace
Ethernet
A technology complemented in LAN. It adopts Carrier Sense Multiple Access/Collision

Detection. The speed of an Ethernet interface can be 10 Mbit/s, 100 Mbit/s, 1000 Mbit/
s or 10000 Mbit/s. The Ethernet network features high reliability and easy maintaining..
Ethernet in the First

mile
Last mile access from the broadband device to the user community. The EFM takes the
advantages of the SHDSL.bis technology and the Ethernet technology. The EFM
provides both the traditional voice service and internet access service of high speed. In
addition, it meets the users' requirements on high definition television system (HDTV)
and Video On Demand (VOD).
Ethernet LAN
Ethernet LAN. A L2VPN service type that is provided for the user Ethernet in different
domains over the PSN network. For the user Ethernet, the entire PSN network serves as
a Layer 2 switch.
Ethernet Private LAN
Both a LAN service and a private service. Transport bandwidth is never shared between
different customers.
ethernet ring
protection switching
protection switching mechanisms for ETH layer Ethernet ring topologies.
Ethernet Virtual
Private LAN
A service that is both a LAN service and a virtual private service.
Ethernet-Tree
etherenet tree. An Ethernet service type that is based on a Point-to-multipoint Ethernet

Virtual Connection.
A-10

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
ETS
European Telecommunication Standards
ETSI
See European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI 300mm cabinet
A cabinet which is 600mm in width and 300mm in depth, compliant with the standards
of the ETSI.
European
Telecommunications
Standards Institute
A standards-setting body in Europe. Also the standards body responsible for GSM.
EVPL
Ethernet Virtual Private Line
EVPLn
See Ethernet Virtual Private LAN
Excess Burst Size
excess burst size. In the single rate three color marker (srTCM) mode, the traffic control
is realized by the token buckets C and E. Excess burst size is a parameter used to define
the capacity of token bucket E, that is, the maximum burst IP packet size when the
information is transferred at the committed information rate. This parameter must be
larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not less than the maximum
length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.
Exercise Switching
An operation to check if the protection switching protocol functions normally. The

protection switching is not really performed.
Expedited Forwarding Expedited Forwarding (EF) is the highest order QoS in the Diff-Serv network. EF PHB
is suitable for services that demand low packet loss ratio, short delay, and broad
bandwidth. In all the cases, EF traffic can guarantee a transmission rate equal to or faster
than the set rate. The DSCP value of EF PHB is "101110".
A.3 F-J
F
Failure
If the fault persists long enough to consider the ability of an item with a required function
to be terminated. The item may be considered as having failed; a fault has now been
detected.
Fast Ethernet
A type of Ethernet with a maximum transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s. It complies with
the IEEE 802.3u standard and extends the traditional media-sharing Ethernet standard.
fast link pulse
The likn pulse that is used to encode information during automatic negotiation.
FCS
Frame Check Sequence
FD
See frequency diversity
FDI
See Forward Defect Indication
FE
See Fast Ethernet
FEC
See Forward Error Correction
FFD
Fast Failure Detection
Fiber Connector
A device installed at the end of a fiber, optical source or receive unit. It is used to couple
the optical wave to the fiber when connected to another device of the same type. A
connector can either connect two fiber ends or connect a fiber end and a optical source
(or a detector).
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-11
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
fiber patch cord
A kind of fiber used for connections between the subrack and the ODF, and for
connections between subracks or inside a subrack.
Field Programmable
Gate Array
A type of semi-customized circuit used in the Application Specific Integrated Circuit

(ASIC) field. It is developed on the basis of the programmable components, such as the
PAL, GAL, and EPLD. It not only remedies the defects of customized circuits, but also
overcomes the disadvantage of the original programmable components in terms of the
limited number of gate arraies.
FIFO
See First in First out
File Transfer Protocol
A member of the TCP/IP suite of protocols, used to copy files between two computers
on the Internet. Both computers must support their respective FTP roles: one must be an
FTP client and the other an FTP server.
First in First out
A stack management mechanism. The first saved data is first read and invoked.
FLP
See fast link pulse
Forced switch
This function forces the service to switch from the working channel to the protection
channel, with the service not to be restored automatically. This switch occurs regardless
of the state of the protection channels or boards, unless the protection channels or boards
are satisfying a higher priority bridge request.
Forward Defect
Indication
Forward defect indication (FDI) is generated and traced forward to the sink node of the
LSP by the node that first detects defects. It includes fields to indicate the nature of the
defect and its location. Its primary purpose is to suppress alarms being raised at affected
higher level client LSPs and (in turn) their client layers.
Forward Error
Correction
A bit error correction technology that adds the correction information to the payload at
the transmit end. Based on the correction information, the bit errors generated during
transmission are corrected at the receive end.
Forwarding plane
Also referred to as the data plane. The forwarding plane is connection-oriented, and can
be used in Layer 2 networks such as an ATM network.
FPGA
See Field Programmable Gate Array
Fragment
Piece of a larger packet that has been broken down to smaller units.
Fragmentation
Process of breaking a packet into smaller units when transmitting over a network medium
that can not support the original size of the packet.
frame
A frame, starting with a header, is a string of bytes with a specified length. Frame length
is represented by the sampling circle or the total number of bytes sampled during a circle.
A header comprises one or a number of bytes with pre-specified values. In other words,
a header is a code segment that reflects the distribution (diagram) of the elements prespecified by the sending and receiving parties.
frequency diversity
A diversity scheme that enables two or more microwave frequencies with a certain
frequency interval are used to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then
performed between the two signals to ease the impact of fading.
FTP
See File Transfer Protocol
Full duplex
The system that can transmit information in both directions on a communication link.On
the communication link, both parties can send and receive data at the same time.
A-12

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
G
gateway network
element
A network element that is used for communication between the NE application layer and
the NM application layer
GCP
See GMPLS control plan
GE
See Gigabit Ethernet
Generic traffic shaping A traffic control measure that initiatively adjusts the output speed of the traffic. This is
to adapt the traffic to network resources that can be provided by the downstream router
to avoid packet discarding and congestion.
GFP
Generic Framing Procedure
Gigabit Ethernet
GE adopts the IEEE 802.3z. GE is compatible with 10 Mbit/s and 100 Mbit/s Ethernet.It
runs at 1000Mbit/s. Gigabit Ethernet uses a private medium, and it does not support
coaxial cables or other cables. It also supports the channels in the bandwidth mode. If
Gigabit Ethernet is, however, deployed to be the private bandwidth system with a bridge
(switch) or a router as the center, it gives full play to the performance and the bandwidth.
In the network structure, Gigabit Ethernet uses full duplex links that are private, causing
the length of the links to be sufficient for backbone applications in a building and campus.
Global Positioning
System
A global navigation satellite system. It provides reliable positioning, navigation, and

timing services to worldwide users .
GMPLS control plan
The OptiX GMPLS control plan (GCP) is the ASON software developed by Huawei.
The OptiX GCP applies to the OptiX OSN product series. By using this software, the
traditional network can evolve into the ASON network. The OptiX OSN product series
support the ASON features.
GNE
See gateway network element
GPS
See Global Positioning System
GR
See Graceful Restart
Graceful Restart
In IETF, protocols related to Internet Protocol/Multiprotocol Label Switching (IP/

MPLS) such as Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), Intermediate System-Intermediate
System (IS-IS), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), Label Distribution Protocol (LDP),
and Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) are extended to ensure that the forwarding
is not interrupted when the system is restarted. This reduces the flapping of the protocols
at the control plane when the system performs the active/standby switchover. This series
of standards is called Graceful Restart.
Graphical User
Interface
A visual computer enviroment that represents programs, files, and options with graphical
images, such as icons, menus, and dialog boxes, on the screen.
ground resistance
(electricity) Opposition of the earth to the flow of current through it; its value depends
on the nature and moisture content of the soil, on the material, composition, and nature
of connections to the earth, and on the electrolytic action present.
GTS
See Generic traffic shaping
GUI
See Graphical User Interface
guide rail
Components to guide, position, and support plug-in boards.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-13
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
H
H-QoS
Hierarchical Quality of Service
HA
See High Availability
half-duplex
A transmitting mode in which a half-duplex system provides for communication in both

directions, but only one direction at a time (not simultaneously). Typically, once a party
begins receiving a signal, it must wait for the transmitter to stop transmitting, before
replying.
HDB3
High Density Bipolar Code 3
HDLC
See High level Data Link Control procedure
High Availability
The ability of a system to continuously perform its functions during a long period, which
may exceeds the suggested working time of the independent components. You can obtain
the high availability (HA) by using the error tolerance method. Based on learning cases
one by one, you must also clearly understand the limitations of the system that requires
an HA ability and the degree to which the ability can reach.
High level Data Link

Control procedure
A data link protocol from ISO for point-to-point communications over serial links.
Derived from IBM's SDLC protocol, HDLC has been the basis for numerous protocols
including X.25, ISDN, T1, SS7, GSM, CDPD, PPP and others. Various subsets of HDLC
have been developed under the name of Link Access Procedure (LAP).
High Speed Downlink

Packet Access
A modulating-demodulating algorithm put forward in 3GPP R5 to meet the requirement

for asymmetric uplink and downlink transmission of data services. It enables the
maximum downlink data service rate to reach 14.4 Mbit/s without changing the
WCDMA network topology.
Hold priority
The priority of the tunnel with respect to holding resources, ranging from 0 (indicates
the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the resources occupied by the
tunnel can be preempted by other tunnels.
Hop
A network connection between two distant nodes. For Internet operation a hop represents
a small step on the route from one main computer to another.
hot standby
A mechanism of ensuring device running security. The environment variables and

storage information of each running device are synchronized to the standby device. When
the faults occur on the running device, the standby device can take over the services in
the faulty device in automatic or manual way to ensure the normal running of the entire
system.
HP
Higher Order Path
HSDPA
See High Speed Downlink Packet Access
HSM
Hitless Switch Mode
HTB
High Tributary Bus
hybrid radio
The hybrid transmission of Native E1 and Native Ethernet signals. Hybrid radio supports
the AM function.
I
ICMP
See Internet Control Messages Protocol
IDU
See indoor unit
A-14

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
IEC
See International Electrotechnical Commission
IEEE
See Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
IETF
The Internet Engineering Task Force
IF
See intermediate frequency
IGMP
See Internet Group Management Protocol
IGMP snooping
A multicast constraint mechanism running on a layer 2 device. This protocol manages

and controls the multicast group by listening to and analyze the Internet Group
Management Protocol (IGMP) packet between hosts and layer 3 devices. In this manner,
the spread of the multicast data on layer 2 network can be prevented efficiently.
IMA
See Inverse Multiplexing over ATM
indoor unit
The indoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements accessing,

multiplexing/demultiplexing, and IF processing for services.
Inloop
A method of looping the signals from the cross-connect unit back to the cross-connect
unit.
Institute of Electrical
and Electronics
Engineers
A society of engineering and electronics professionals based in the United States but
boasting membership from numerous other countries. The IEEE focuses on electrical,
electronics, computer engineering, and science-related matters.
Interface board area
The area for the interface boards on the subrack.
intermediate frequency The transitional frequency between the frequencies of a modulated signal and an RF
signal.
Intermediate System
The basic unit in the IS-IS protocol used to transmit routing information and generate
routes.
Intermediate System to A protocol used by network devices (routers) .IS-IS is a kind of Interior Gateway Protocol
Intermediate System
(IGP), used within the ASs. It is a link status protocol using Shortest Path First (SPF)
algorithm to calculate the route.
Internal Spanning Tree Internal spanning tree. A segment of CIST in a certain MST region. An IST is a special
MSTI whose ID is 0.
International
Electrotechnical
Commission
The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international and nongovernmental standards organization dealing with electrical and electronical standards.
International
Organization for
Standardization
ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is the world's largest developer and
publisher of International Standards.
Internet Control
Messages Protocol
ICMP belongs to the TCP/IP protocol suite. It is used to send error and control messages
during the transmission of IP-type data packets.
Internet Group
Management Protocol
The protocol for managing the membership of Internet Protocol multicast groups among
the TCP/IP protocols. It is used by IP hosts and adjacent multicast routers to establish
and maintain multicast group memberships.
Internet Protocol
The TCP/IP standard protocol that defines the IP packet as the unit of information sent
across an internet and provides the basis for connectionless, best-effort packet delivery
service. IP includes the ICMP control and error message protocol as an integral part. The
entire protocol suite is often referred to as TCP/IP because TCP and IP are the two
fundamental protocols. IP is standardized in RFC 791.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-15
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Internet Protocol
Version 6
A update version of IPv4. It is also called IP Next Generation (IPng). The specifications
and standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF).Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is also called. It is a new version of the
Internet Protocol, designed as the successor to IPv4. The specifications and
standardizations provided by it are consistent with the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF).The difference between IPv6 and IPv4 is that an IPv4 address has 32 bits while
an IPv6 address has 128 bits.
Inverse Multiplexing
over ATM
Inverse Multiplexing over ATM. The ATM inverse multiplexing technique involves
inverse multiplexing and de-multiplexing of ATM cells in a cyclical fashion among links
grouped to form a higher bandwidth logical link whose rate is approximately the sum of
the link rates. This is referred to as an IMA group.
IP
See Internet Protocol
IPv6
See Internet Protocol Version 6
IS-IS
See Intermediate System to Intermediate System
ISO
See International Organization for Standardization
IST
See Internal Spanning Tree
ITU-T
International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication Standardization Sector
IVL
Independence VLAN learning
J
Jitter
Short waveform variations caused by vibration, voltage fluctuations, and control system
instability.
A.4 K-O
L
L2VPN
See Layer 2 virtual private network
Label Switched Path
A sequence of hops (R0...Rn) in which a packet travels from R0 to Rn through label

switching mechanisms. A label-switched path can be chosen dynamically, based on
normal routing mechanisms, or through configuration.
Label Switching Router The Label Switching Router (LSR) is the basic element of MPLS network. All LSRs
support the MPLS protocol. The LSR is composed of two parts: control unit and
forwarding unit. The former is responsible for allocating the label, selecting the route,
creating the label forwarding table, creating and removing the label switch path; the latter
forwards the labels according to groups received in the label forwarding table.
LACP
See Link Aggregation Control Protocol
LAG
See link aggregation group
LAN
See Local Area Network
LAPD
Link Access Procedure on the D channel
LAPS
Link Access Procedure-SDH
A-16

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Laser
A component that generates directional optical waves of narrow wavelengths. The laser
light has better coherence than ordinary light. The fiber system takes the semi-conductor
laser as the light source.
layer 2 switch
A data forwarding method. In LAN, a network bridge or 802.3 Ethernet switch transmits
and distributes packet data based on the MAC address. Since the MAC address is the
second layer of the OSI model, this data forwarding method is called layer 2 switch.
Layer 2 virtual private A virtual private network realized in the packet switched (IP/MPLS) network by Layer
network
2 switching technologies.
LB
See Loopback
LCAS
See Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
LDPC
Low-Density Parity Check code
line rate forwarding
The line rate equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
Link Aggregation
Control Protocol
Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) is part of an IEEE specification (802.3ad)

that allows you to bundle several physical ports to form a single logical channel. LACP
allows a switch to negotiate an automatic bundle by sending LACP packets to the peer.
link aggregation group An aggregation that allows one or more links to be aggregated together to form a link
aggregation group so that a MAC clientcan treat the link aggregation group as if it were
a single link.
Link Capacity
Adjustment Scheme
The Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) is designed to allow the dynamic
provisioning of bandwidth, using VCAT, to meet customer requirements.
Link Protection
Protection provided by the bypass tunnel for the link on the working tunnel. The link is
a downstream link adjacent to the PLR. When the PLR fails to provide node protection,
the link protection should be provided.
LMSP
Linear Multiplex Section Protection
Local Area Network
A network formed by the computers and workstations within the coverage of a few square
kilometers or within a single building. It features high speed and low error rate. Ethernet,
FDDI, and Token Ring are three technologies used to implement a LAN. Current LANs
are generally based on switched Ethernet or Wi-Fi technology and running at 1,000 Mbit/
s (that is, 1 Gbit/s).
Locked switching
When the switching condition is satisfied, this function disables the service from being
switched from the working channel to the protection channel. When the service has been
switched, the function enables the service to be restored from the protection channel to
the working channel.
LOF
See Loss Of Frame
LOM
Loss Of Multiframe
Loopback
A troubleshooting technique that returns a transmitted signal to its source so that the
signal or message can be analyzed for errors.
LOP
See Loss Of Pointer
LOS
See Loss Of Signal
Loss Of Frame
A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the PHY overhead

indicating that the receiving equipment has lost frame delineation. This is used to monitor
the performance of the PHY layer.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-17
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Loss Of Pointer
Loss of Pointer: A condition at the receiver or a maintenance signal transmitted in the

PHY overhead indicating that the receiving equipment has lost the pointer to the start of
cell in the payload. This is used to monitor the performance of the PHY layer.
Loss Of Signal
Loss of signal (LOS) indicates that there are no transitions occurring in the received
signal.
Lower subrack
The subrack close to the bottom of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.
LP
Lower Order Path
LPT
Link State Path Through
LSP
See Label Switched Path
LSR
See Label Switching Router
M
MA
See Maintenance Association
MAC
See Medium Access Control
MAC
See Media Access Control
MADM
Multi Add-Drop Multiplexer
Maintenance
Association
That portion of a Service Instance, preferably all of it or as much as possible, the

connectivity of which is maintained by CFM. It is also a full mesh of Maintenance
Entities.
Maintenance
association End Point
A MEP is an actively managed CFM Entity, associated with a specific DSAP of a Service
Instance, which can generate and receive CFM frames and track any responses. It is an
end point of a single Maintenance Association, and terminates a separate Maintenance
Entity for each of the other MEPs in the same Maintenance Association.
Maintenance Domain
The Maintenance Domain (MD) refers to the network or the part of the network for which
connectivity is managed by CFM. The devices in an MD are managed by a single ISP.
Maintenance Point
Maintenance Point (MP) is one of either a MEP or a MIP.
Management
Information Base
A type of database used for managing the devices in a communications network. It

comprises a collection of objects in a (virtual) database used to manage entities (such as
routers and switches) in a network.
Manual switching
A protection switching. When the protection path is normal and there is no request of a
higher level switching, the service is manually switched from the working path to the
protection path, to test whether the network still has the protection capability.
Maximum Transfer
Unit
The MTU (Maximum Transmission Unit) is the size of the largest datagram that can be
sent over a network.
MBS
Maximum Burst Size
MCF
See Message Communication Function
MD
See Maintenance Domain
MDI
See Medium Dependent Interface
Mean Time To Repair
The average time that a device will take to recover from a failure.
A-18

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Media Access Control
A protocol at the media access control sublayer. The protocol is at the lower part of the
data link layer in the OSI model and is mainly responsible for controlling and connecting
the physical media at the physical layer. When transmitting data, the MAC protocol
checks whether to be able to transmit data. If the data can be transmitted, certain control
information is added to the data, and then the data and the control information are
transmitted in a specified format to the physical layer. When receiving data, the MAC
protocol checks whether the information is correct and whether the data is transmitted
correctly. If the information is correct and the data is transmitted correctly, the control
information is removed from the data and then the data is transmitted to the LLC layer.
Medium Access
Control
A general reference to the low-level hardware protocols used to access a particular

network. The term MAC address is often used as a synonym for physical addresses.
Medium Dependent
Interface
The electrical and mechanical interface between the equipment and the media
transmission.
MEP
See Maintenance association End Point
Message
Communication
Function
The MCF is composed of a protocol stack that allows exchange of management

information with their prs .
MIB
See Management Information Base
MIP
Maintenance Intermediate Point
MLPPP
See Multi-link Point to Point Protocol
mount angle
An L-shape steel sheet. One side is fixed on the front panel with screws, and the other
side is fixed on the installation hole with screws. On both sides of a rack, there is an Lshaped metal fastener. This ensures that internal components are closely connected with
the rack. Normally, an internal component is installed with two mount angles.
MP
See Maintenance Point
MPID
Maintenance Point Identification
MPLS
See Multi-Protocol Label Switch
MPLS L2VPN
The MPLS L2VPN provides the Layer 2 VPN service based on an MPLS network.In
this case, on a uniform MPLS network, the carrier is able to provide Layer 2 VPNs of
different media types, such as ATM, FR, VLAN, Ethernet, and PPP.
MPLS OAM
The MPLS OAM provides continuity check for a single LSP, and provides a set of fault
detection tools and fault correct mechanisms for MPLS networks. The MPLS OAM and
relevant protection switching components implement the detection function for the CRLSP forwarding plane, and perform the protection switching in 50 ms after a fault occurs.
In this way, the impact of a fault can be lowered to the minimum.
MPLS TE
Multiprotocol Label Switching Traffic Engineering
MPLS TE tunnel
In the case of reroute deployment, or when traffic needs to be transported through

multiple trails, multiple LSP tunnels might be used. In traffic engineering, such a group
of LSP tunnels are referred to as TE tunnels. An LSP tunnel of this kind has two
identifiers. One is the Tunnel ID carried by the SENDER object, and is used to uniquely
define the TE tunnel. The other is the LSP ID carried by the SENDER_TEMPLATE or
FILTER_SPEC object.
MS
See Multiplex Section
MSP
See multiplex section protection
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-19
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
MSTI
See Multiple Spanning Tree Instance
MSTP
See Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol
MTBF
Mean Time Between Failure
MTTR
See Mean Time To Repair
MTU
See Maximum Transfer Unit
Multi-link Point to
Point Protocol
A protocol used in ISDN connections. MLPPP lets two B channels act as a single line,
doubling connection rates to 128Kbps.
Multi-Protocol Label
Switch
A technology that uses short tags of fixed length to encapsulate packets in different link
layers, and provides connection-oriented switching for the network layer on the basis of
IP routing and control protocols. It improves the cost performance and expandability of
networks, and is beneficial to routing.
Multicast
A process of transmitting packets of data from one source to many destinations. The
destination address of the multicast packet uses Class D address, that is, the IP address
ranges from 224.0.0.0 to 239.255.255.255. Each multicast address represents a multicast
group rather than a host.
Multiple Spanning
Tree Instance
Multiple spanning tree instance. One of a number of Spanning Trees calculated by MSTP
within an MST Region, to provide a simply and fully connected active topology for
frames classified as belonging to a VLAN that is mapped to the MSTI by the MST
Configuration. A VLAN cannot be assigned to multiple MSTIs.
Multiple Spanning
Tree Protocol
Multiple spanning tree protocol. The MSTP can be used in a loop network. Using an
algorithm, the MSTP blocks redundant paths so that the loop network can be trimmed
as a tree network. In this case, the proliferation and endless cycling of packets is avoided
in the loop network.The protocol that introduces the mapping between VLANs and
multiple spanning trees. This solves the problem that data cannot be normally forwarded
in a VLAN because in STP/RSTP, only one spanning tree corresponds to all the VLANs.
Multiple Spanning
Tree Region
The MST region consists of switches that support the MSTP in the LAN and links among
them. Switches physically and directly connected and configured with the same MST
region attributes belong to the same MST region. The attributes for the same MST region
are as follows: Same region name Same revision level Same mapping relation between
the VLAN ID to MSTI
Multiplex Section
The trail between and including two multiplex section trail termination functions.
multiplex section
protection
A function, which is performed to provide capability for switching a signal between and
including two multiplex section termination (MST) functions, from a "working" to a
"protection" channel.
N
N+1 protection
A radio link protection system composed of N working channels and one protection
channel.
NE
See Network Element
NE Explorer
The main operation interface, of the U2000, which is used to manage the OptiX
equipment. In the NE Explorer, the user can configure, manage and maintain the NE,
boards, and ports on a per-NE basis.
A-20

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Network Element
A network element (NE) contains both the hardware and the software running on it. One
NE is at least equipped with one system control board which manages and monitors the
entire network element. The NE software runs on the system control board.
network management
system
The network management system in charge of the operation, administration, and

maintenance of a network.
Network Service Access A network address defined by ISO, through which entities on the network layer can
Point
access OSI network services.
Network to Network
Interface
This is an internal interface within a network linking two or more elements.
next hop
The next router to which a packet is sent from any given router as it traverses a network
on its journey to its final destination.
NLP
Normal Link Pulse
NMS
See network management system
NNHOP
Next-Next-Hop
NNI
See Network to Network Interface
Node
A node stands for a managed device in the network.For a device with a single frame, one
node stands for one device.For a device with multiple frames, one node stands for one
frame of the device.Therefore, a node does not always mean a device.
Node Protection
A parameter of the FRR protection. It indicates that the bypass tunnel should be able to
protect the downstream node that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the
PLR. The node cannot be a merge point, and the bypass tunnel should also be able to
protect the downstream link that is involved in the working tunnel and adjacent to the
PLR.
non-gateway network
element
A network element whose communication with the NM application layer must be

transferred by the gateway network element application layer.
non-GNE
See non-gateway network element
NSAP
See Network Service Access Point
NSF
Not Stop Forwarding
NSMI
Network Serial Multiplexed Interface
O
OAM
See Operation, Administration and Maintenanc
ODF
See Optical Distribution Frame
ODU
See outdoor unit
One-to-One Backup
A local repair method in which a backup tunnel is separately created for each protected
tunnel at a PLR.
Open Shortest Path

First
A link-state, hierarchical interior gateway protocol (IGP) for network routing. Dijkstra's
algorithm is used to calculate the shortest path tree. It uses cost as its routing metric. A
link state database is constructed of the network topology which is identical on all routers
in the area.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-21
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Open Systems
Interconnection
A standard or "reference model" (officially defined by the International Organization of

Standards (ISO)) for how messages should be transmitted between any two points in a
telecommunication network. The reference model defines seven layers of functions that
take place at each end of a communication.
Operation,
Administration and
Maintenanc
Operation, Administration and Maintenance. A group of network support functions that

monitor and sustain segment operation, activities that are concerned with, but not limited
to, failure detection, notification, location, and repairs that are intended to eliminate faults
and keep a segment in an operational state and support activities required to provide the
services of a subscriber access network to users/subscribers.
Optical Distribution
Frame
A frame which is used to transfer and spool fibers.
orderwire
A channel that provides voice communication between operation engineers or

maintenance engineers of different stations.
OSI
See Open Systems Interconnection
OSP
OptiX Software Platform
OSPF
See Open Shortest Path First
outdoor unit
The outdoor unit of the split-structured radio equipment. It implements frequency

conversion and amplification for RF signals.
Outloop
A method of looping back the input signals received at an port to an output port without
changing the structure of the signals.
Output optical power
The ranger of optical energy level of output signals.
A.5 P-T
P
Packet over SDH/
SONET
A MAN and WAN technology that provides point-to-point data connections. The POS
interface uses SDH/SONET as the physical layer protocol, and supports the transport of
packet data (such as IP packets) in MAN and WAN.
packet switched
network
A telecommunication network which works in packet switching mode.
Packing case
A case which is used for packing the board or subrack.
Path/Channel
A logical connection between the point at which a standard frame format for the signal
at the given rate is assembled, and the point at which the standard frame format for the
signal is disassembled.
PBS
See peak burst size
PCB
See Printed Circuit Board
PCI bus
PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect) bus. A high performance bus, 32-bit or 64-bit
for interconnecting chips, expansion boards, and processor/memory subsystems.
PDH
See Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy
PDU
Protocol Data Unit
PE
See Provider Edge
A-22

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
peak burst size
A Glossary
A parameter used to define the capacity of token bucket P, that is, the maximum burst
IP packet size when the information is transferred at the peak information rate. This
parameter must be larger than 0. It is recommended that this parameter should be not
less than the maximum length of the IP packet that might be forwarded.
Peak Information Rate Peak Information Rate . A traffic parameter, expressed in bit/s, whose value should be
not less than the committed information rate.
Penultimate Hop
Popping
Penultimate Hop Popping (PHP) is a function performed by certain routers in an MPLS

enabled network. It refers to the process whereby the outermost label of an MPLS tagged
packet is removed by a Label Switched Router (LSR) before the packet is passed to an
adjacent Label Edge Router (LER).
Per-Hop-Behavior
A forwarding behavior applied at a DS-compliant node. This behavior belongs to the

behavior aggregate defined in the DiffServ domain.
PHB
See Per-Hop-Behavior
PHP
See Penultimate Hop Popping
PIM-DM
Protocol Independent Multicast-Dense Mode
PIM-SM
See Protocol Independent Multicast-Sparse Mode
PIR
See Peak Information Rate
Plesiochronous Digital A multiplexing scheme of bit stuffing and byte interleaving. It multiplexes the minimum
Hierarchy
rate 64 kit/s into the 2 Mbit/s, 34 Mbit/s, 140 Mbit/s, and 565 Mbit/s rates.
Point-to-Point Protocol A protocol on the data link layer, provides point-to-point transmission and encapsulates
data packets on the network layer. It is located in layer 2 of the IP protocol stack.
polarization
A kind of electromagnetic wave, the direction of whose electric field vector is fixed or
rotates regularly. Specifically, if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is
perpendicular to the plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called vertically
polarized wave; if the electric field vector of the electromagnetic wave is parallel to the
plane of horizon, this electromagnetic wave is called horizontal polarized wave; if the
tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle, this
electromagnetic wave is called circularly polarized wave.
POS
See Packet over SDH/SONET
Power box
A direct current power distribution box at the upper part of a cabinet, which supplies
power for the subracks in the cabinet.
PPP
See Point-to-Point Protocol
PPVPN
Provider Provisioned VPN
PQ
See Priority Queuing
PRBS
Pseudo-Random Binary Sequence
PRC
Primary Reference Clock
Printed Circuit Board
A board used to mechanically support and electrically connect electronic components

using conductive pathways, tracks, or traces, etched from copper sheets laminated onto
a non-conductive substrate.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-23
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Priority Queuing
A priority queue is an abstract data type in computer programming that supports the
following three operations: 1) InsertWithPriority: add an element to the queue with an
associated priority 2) GetNext: remove the element from the queue that has the highest
priority, and return it (also known as "PopElement(Off)", or "GetMinimum") 3)
PeekAtNext (optional): look at the element with highest priority without removing it
Processing board area
An area for the processing boards on the subrack.
protection grounding
cable
A cable which connects the equipment and the protection grounding bar. Usually, one
half of the cable is yellow; while the other half is green.
Protection path
A specific path that is part of a protection group and is labeled protection.
Protocol Independent A protocol for efficiently routing to multicast groups that may span wide-area (and interMulticast-Sparse Mode domain) internets. This protocol is named protocol independent because it is not
dependent on any particular unicast routing protocol for topology discovery, and sparsemode because it is suitable for groups where a very low percentage of the nodes (and
their routers) will subscribe to the multicast session. Unlike earlier dense-mode multicast
routing protocols such as DVMRP and PIM-DM which flooded packets everywhere and
then pruned off branches where there were no receivers, PIM-SM explicitly constructs
a tree from each sender to the receivers in the multicast group. Multicast packets from
the sender then follow this tree.
Provider Edge
A device that is located in the backbone network of the MPLS VPN structure. A PE is
responsible for VPN user management, establishment of LSPs between PEs, and
exchange of routing information between sites of the same VPN. During the process, a
PE performs the mapping and forwarding of packets between the private network and
the public channel. A PE can be a UPE, an SPE, or an NPE.
Pseudo wire
An emulated connection between two PEs for transmitting frames. The PW is established
and maintained by PEs through signaling protocols. The status information of a PW is
maintained by the two end PEs of a PW.
Pseudo Wire
Emulation Edge-toEdge
Pseudo-Wire Emulation Edge to Edge (PWE3) is a type of end-to-end Layer 2

transmitting technology. It emulates the essential attributes of a telecommunication
service such as ATM, FR or Ethernet in a Packet Switched Network (PSN). PWE3 also
emulates the essential attributes of low speed Time Division Multiplexed (TDM) circuit
and SONET/SDH. The simulation approximates to the real situation.
PSN
See packet switched network
PTN
Packet Transport Network
PW
See Pseudo wire
PWE3
See Pseudo Wire Emulation Edge-to-Edge
Q
QoS
See Quality of Service
QPSK
See Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
Quadrature Phase Shift Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) is a modulation method of data transmission
Keying
through the conversion or modulation and the phase determination of the reference
signals (carrier). It is also called the fourth period or 4-phase PSK or 4-PSK. QPSK uses
four dots in the star diagram. The four dots are evenly distributed on a circle. On these
phases, each QPSK character can perform two-bit coding and display the codes in Gray
code on graph with the minimum BER.
A-24

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Quality of Service
A Glossary
Quality of Service, which determines the satisfaction of a subscriber for a service. QoS
is influenced by the following factors applicable to all services: service operability,
service accessibility, service maintainability, and service integrity.
R
Radio Freqency
A type of electric current in the wireless network using AC antennas to create an

electromagnetic field. It is the abbreviation of high-frequency AC electromagnetic wave.
The AC with the frequency lower than 1 kHz is called low-frequency current. The AC
with frequency higher than 10 kHz is called high-frequency current. RF can be classified
into such high-frequency current.
Radio Network
Controller
A device used in the RNS to control the usage and integrity of radio resources.
Random Early
Detection
A packet loss algorithm used in congestion avoidance. It discards the packet according
to the specified higher limit and lower limit of a queue so that global TCP synchronization
resulted in traditional Tail-Drop can be prevented.
Rapid Spanning Tree

Protocol
An evolution of the Spanning Tree Protocol, providing for faster spanning tree
convergence after a topology change. The RSTP protocol is backward compatible with
the STP protocol.
RDI
See Remote Defect Indication
Received Signal
Strength Indicator
The received wide band power, including thermal noise and noise generated in the
receiver, within the bandwidth defined by the receiver pulse shaping filter, for TDD
within a specified timeslot. The reference point for the measurement shall be the antenna
Receiver Sensitivity
Receiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum acceptable value of average received

power at point R to achieve a 1 x 10-10 BER.
RED
See Random Early Detection
REI
See Remote Error Indication
Remote Defect
Indication
A signal transmitted at the first opportunity in the outgoing direction when a terminal
detects specific defects in the incoming signal.
Remote Error
Indication
A remote error indication (REI) is sent upstream to signal an error condition. There are
two types of REI alarms: Remote error indication line (REI-L) is sent to the upstream
LTE when errors are detected in the B2 byte. Remote error indication path (REI-P) is
sent to the upstream PTE when errors are detected in the B3 byte.
remote network
monitoring
A manage information base (MIB) defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF). RMON is mainly used to monitor the data flow of one network segment or the
entire network.
Resource Reservation
Protocol
The Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) is designed for Integrated Service and is
used to reserve resources on every node along a path. RSVP operates on the transport
layer; however, RSVP does not transport application data. RSVP is a network control
protocol like Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP).
Reverse pressure
A traffic control method. In telecommunication, when detecting that the transmit end
transmits a large volume of traffic, the receive end sends signals to ask the transmit end
to slow down the transmission rate.
RF
See Radio Freqency
RFC
Request For Comment
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-25
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
RIP
See Routing Information Protocol
RMON
See remote network monitoring
RNC
See Radio Network Controller
Root alarm
An alarm directly caused by anomaly events or faults in the network. Some lower-level
alarms always accompany a root alarm.
route
A route is the path that network traffic takes from its source to its destination. In a TCP/
IP network, each IP packet is routed independently. Routes can change dynamically.
Routing Information
Protocol
Routing Information Protocol: A simple routing protocol that is part of the TCP/IP
protocol suite. It determines a route based on the smallest hop count between source and
destination. RIP is a distance vector protocol that routinely broadcasts routing
information to its neighboring routers and is known to waste bandwidth.
routing table
A table that stores and updates the locations (addresses) of network devices. Routers
regularly share routing table information to be up to date. A router relies on the
destination address and on the information in the table that gives the possible routes--in
hops or in number of jumps--between itself, intervening routers, and the destination.
Routing tables are updated frequently as new information is available.
RS
Reed-Solomon encoding
RSL
Received Signal Level
RSSI
See Received Signal Strength Indicator
RSTP
See Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol
RSVP
See Resource Reservation Protocol
RTN
Radio Transmission Node
S
SD
See space diversity
SDH
See Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SDP
Serious Disturbance Period
SEMF
Synchronous Equipment Management Function
Service Level
Agreement
A management-documented agreement that defines the relationship between service

provider and its customer. It also provides specific, quantifiable information about
measuring and evaluating the delivery of services. The SLA details the specific operating
and support requirements for each service provided. It protects the service provider and
customer and allows the service provider to provide evidence that it has achieved the
documented target measure.
SES
Severely Errored Second
Setup Priority
The priority of the tunnel with respect to obtaining resources, ranging from 0 (indicates
the highest priority) to 7. It is used to determine whether the tunnel can preempt the
resources required by other backup tunnels.
SF
See Signal Fail
SFP
See Small Form-Factor Pluggable
A-26

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
side trough
The trough on the side of the cable rack, which is used to place nuts so as to fix the
cabinet.
signal cable
Common signal cables cover the E1cable, network cable, and other non-subscriber signal
cable.
Signal Fail
SF is a signal indicating the associated data has failed in the sense that a near-end defect
condition (not being the degraded defect) is active.
Signal Noise Ratio
The SNR or S/N (Signal to Noise Ratio) of the amplitude of the desired signal to the
amplitude of noise signals at a given point in time. SNR is expressed as 10 times the
logarithm of the power ratio and is usually expressed in dB (Decibel).
Simple Network
Management Protocol
A network management protocol of TCP/IP. It enables remote users to view and modify
the management information of a network element. This protocol ensures the
transmission of management information between any two points. The polling
mechanism is adopted to provide basic function sets. According to SNMP, agents, which
can be hardware as well as software, can monitor the activities of various devices on the
network and report these activities to the network console workstation. Control
information about each device is maintained by a management information block.
simplex
Of or relating to a telecommunications system in which only one message can be sent

in either direction at one time.
SLA
See Service Level Agreement
Slicing
To divide data into the information units proper for transmission.
Small Form-Factor
Pluggable
A specification for a new generation of optical modular transceivers.
SNC
See SubNetwork Connection
SNCP
See SubNetwork Connection Protection
SNMP
See Simple Network Management Protocol
SNR
See Signal Noise Ratio
SP
Strict Priority
space diversity
A diversity scheme that enables two or more antennas separated by a specific distance
to transmit/receive the same signal and selection is then performed between the two
signals to ease the impact of fading. Currently, only receive SD is used.
Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Protocol. STP is a protocol that is used in the LAN to remove the loop.
STP applies to the redundant network to block some undesirable redundant paths through
certain algorithms and prune a loop network into a loop-free tree network.
SSM
See Synchronization Status Message
Static Virtual Circuit
Static virtual circuit. A static implementation of MPLS L2VPN that transfers L2VPN
information by manual configuration of VC labels, instead of by a signaling protocol.
Statistical multiplexing A multiplexing technique whereby information from multiple logical channels can be
transmitted across a single physical channel. It dynamically allocates bandwidth only to
active input channels, to make better use of available bandwidth and allow more devices
to be connected than with other multiplexing techniques. Compare with TDM.
STM
See synchronous transport module
STM-1
SDH Transport Module -1
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-27
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
STM-1e
STM-1 Electrical Interface
STM-1o
STM-1 Optical Interface
STP
See Spanning Tree Protocol
sub-network
Sub-network is the logical entity in the transmission network and comprises a group of
network management objects. The network that consists of a group of interconnected or
correlated NEs, according to different functions. For example, protection subnet, clock
subnet and so on. A sub-network can contain NEs and other sub-networks. Generally, a
sub-network is used to contain the equipments which are located in adjacent regions and
closely related with one another, and it is indicated with a sub-network icon on a
topological view. The U2000 supports multilevels of sub-networks. A sub-network
planning can better the organization of a network view. On the one hand, the view space
can be saved, on the other hand, it helps the network management personnel focus on
the equipments under their management.
subnet mask
The technique used by the IP protocol to determine which network segment packets are
destined for. The subnet mask is a binary pattern that is stored in the client machine,
server or router and is matched with the IP address.
SubNetwork
Connection
A "transport entity" that transfers information across a subnetwork, it is formed by the

association of "ports" on the boundary of the subnetwork.
SubNetwork
A working subnetwork connection is replaced by a protection subnetwork connection if
Connection Protection the working subnetwork connection fails, or if its performance falls below a required
level.
SVC
See Static Virtual Circuit
SVL
Shared VLAN Learning
Switch
To filter, forward frames based on label or the destination address of each frame. This
behavior operates at the data link layer of the OSI model.
Synchronization Status A message that is used to transmit the quality levels of timing signals on the synchronous
Message
timing link. Through this message, the node clocks of the SDH network and the
synchronization network can aquire upper stream clock information, and the two perform
operations on the corresponding clocks, such as tracing, switchover, or converting hold),
and then forward the synchronization information of this node to down stream.
Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy
SDH is a transmission scheme that follows ITU-T G.707, G.708, and G.709. It defines
the transmission features of digital signals such as frame structure, multiplexing mode,
transmission rate level, and interface code. SDH is an important part of ISDN and BISDN. It interleaves the bytes of low-speed signals to multiplex the signals to high-speed
counterparts, and the line coding of scrambling is only used only for signals. SDH is
suitable for the fiber communication system with high speed and a large capacity since
it uses synchronous multiplexing and flexible mapping structure.
synchronous transport An STM is the information structure used to support section layer connections in the
SDH. It consists of information payload and Section Overhead (SOH) information fields
module
organized in a block frame structure which repeats every 125 . The information is suitably
conditioned for serial transmission on the selected media at a rate which is synchronized
to the network. A basic STM is defined at 155 520 kbit/s. This is termed STM-1. Higher
capacity STMs are formed at rates equivalent to N times this basic rate. STM capacities
for N = 4, N = 16 and N = 64 are defined; higher values are under consideration.
A-28

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
T
tail drop
A type of QoS. When a queue within a network router reaches its maximum length,
packet drops can occur. When a packet drop occurs, connection-based protocols such as
TCP slow down their transmission rates in an attempt to let queued packets be serviced,
thereby letting the queue empty. This is also known as tail drop because packets are
dropped from the input end (tail) of the queue.
Tail drop
A congestion management mechanism, in which packets arrive later are discarded when
the queue is full. This policy of discarding packets may result in network-wide
synchronization due to the TCP slow startup mechanism.
TCI
Tag Control Information
TCP
See TransmissionControl Protocol
TDM
See Time Division Multiplexing
TE
See traffic engineering
TEDB
See Traffic Engineering DataBase
Telecommunication
The Telecommunications Management Network is a protocol model defined by ITU-T
Management Network for managing open systems in a communications network.An architecture for
management, including planning, provisioning, installation, maintenance, operation and
administration of telecommunications equipment, networks and services.
TIM
Trace Identifier Mismatch
Time Division
Multiplexing
It is a multiplexing technology. TDM divides the sampling cycle of a channel into time
slots (TSn, n=0, 1, 2, 3......), and the sampling value codes of multiple signals engross
time slots in a certain order, forming multiple multiplexing digital signals to be
transmitted over one channel.
Time To Live
A technique used in best-effort delivery systems to prevent packets that loop endlessly.
The TTL is set by the sender to the maximum time the packet is allowed to be in the
network. Each router in the network decrements the TTL field when the packet arrives,
and discards any packet if the TTL counter reaches zero.
TMN
See Telecommunication Management Network
ToS priority
A ToS sub-field (the bits 0 to 2 in the ToS field) in the ToS field of the IP packet header.
TPS
See Tributary Protection Switch
traffic engineering
A task that effectively maps the service flows to the existing physical topology.
Traffic Engineering
DataBase
TEDB is the abbreviation of the traffic engineering database. MPLS TE needs to know
the features of the dynamic TE of every links by expanding the current IGP, which uses
the link state algorithm, such as OSPF and IS-IS. The expanded OSPF and IS-IS contain
some TE features, such as the link bandwidth and color. The maximum reserved
bandwidth of the link and the unreserved bandwidth of every link with priority are rather
important. Every router collects the information about TE of every links in its area and
generates TE DataBase. TEDB is the base of forming the dynamic TE path in the MPLS
TE network.
Traffic shaping
It is a way of controlling the network traffic from a computer to optimize or guarantee

the performance and minimize the delay. It actively adjusts the output speed of traffic
in the scenario that the traffic matches network resources provided by the lower layer
devices, avoiding packet loss and congestion.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-29
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
trail
A type of transport entity, mainly engaged in transferring signals from the input of the
trail source to the output of the trail sink, and monitoring the integrality of the transferred
signals.
TransmissionControl
Protocol
The protocol within TCP/IP that governs the breakup of data messages into packets to
be sent via IP (Internet Protocol), and the reassembly and verification of the complete
messages from packets received by IP. A connection-oriented, reliable protocol (reliable
in the sense of ensuring error-free delivery), TCP corresponds to the transport layer in
the ISO/OSI reference model.
Tributary Protection
Switch
Tributary protection switching, a function provided by the equipment, is intended to

protect N tributary processing boards through a standby tributary processing board.
trTCM
See Two Rate Three Color Marker
TTL
See Time To Live
TU
Tributary Unit
Tunnel
A channel on the packet switching network that transmits service traffic between PEs.
In VPN, a tunnel is an information transmission channel between two entities. The tunnel
ensures secure and transparent transmission of VPN information. In most cases, a tunnel
is an MPLS tunnel.
Two Rate Three Color The trTCM meters an IP packet stream and marks its packets based on two rates, Peak
Marker
Information Rate (PIR) and Committed Information Rate (CIR), and their associated
burst sizes to be either green, yellow, or red. A packet is marked red if it exceeds the
PIR. Otherwise it is marked either yellow or green depending on whether it exceeds or
doesn't exceed the CIR.
A.6 U-Z
U
UAS
Unavailable Second
UBR
See Unspecified Bit Rate
UDP
See User Datagram Protocol
underfloor cabling
The cables connected cabinets and other devices are routed underfloor.
UNI
See User Network Interface
Unicast
The process of sending data from a source to a single recipient.
Unspecified Bit Rate
No commitment to transmission. No feedback to congestion. This type of service is ideal

for the transmission of IP datagrams. In case of congestion, UBR cells are discarded,
and no feedback or request for slowing down the data rate is delivered to the sender.
Upper subrack
The subrack close to the top of the cabinet when a cabinet contains several subracks.
UPS
Uninterruptible Power Supply
upward cabling
Cables or fibres connect the cabinet with other equipment from the top of the cabinet.
A-30

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
User Datagram
Protocol
A Glossary
A TCP/IP standard protocol that allows an application program on one device to send a
datagram to an application program on another. User Datagram Protocol (UDP) uses IP
to deliver datagrams. UDP provides application programs with the unreliable
connectionless packet delivery service. Thus, UDP messages can be lost, duplicated,
delayed, or delivered out of order.UDP is used to try to transmit the data packet, that is,
the destination device does not actively confirm whether the correct data packet is
received.
User Network Interface A type of ATM Forum specification that defines an interoperability standard for the
interface between ATM-based products (a router or an ATM switch) located in a private
network and the ATM switches located within the public carrier networks. Also used to
describe similar connections in Frame Relay networks.
V
V-NNI
See virtual network-network interface
V-UNI
See Virtual User-Network Interface
Variable Bit Rate
One of the traffic classes used by ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). Unlike a
permanent CBR (Constant Bit Rate) channel, a VBR data stream varies in bandwidth
and is better suited to non real time transfers than to real-time streams such as voice calls.
VBR
See Variable Bit Rate
VC
See Virtual Channel
VC-12
Virtual Container -12
VC-3
VC-4
VCC
Virtual Channel Connection
VCC,VPL
See Virtual Chanel Connection
VCG
See virtual concatenation group
VCI
See Virtual Channel Identifier
Virtual Chanel
Connection
Virtual Channel Connection. The VC logical trail that carries data between two end
points in an ATM network. A logical grouping of multiple virtual channel connections
into one virtual connection.
Virtual Channel
Any logical connection in the ATM network. A VC is the basic unit of switching in the
ATM network uniquely identified by a virtual path identifier (VPI)/virtual channel
identifier (VCI) value. It is the channel on which ATM cells are transmitted by the sw
Virtual Channel
Identifier
virtual channel identifier. A 16-bit field in the header of an ATM cell. The VCI, together
with the VPI, is used to identify the next destination of a cell as it passes through a series
of ATM switches on its way to its destination.
virtual concatenation
group
A group of co-located member trail termination functions that are connected to the same
virtual concatenation link
Virtual Leased Line
A point-to-point, layer-2 channel that behaves like a leased line by transparently

transporting different protocols with a guaranteed throughput.
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-31
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
A Glossary
Virtual Local Area

Network
A logical grouping of two or more nodes which are not necessarily on the same physical
network segment but which share the same IP network number. This is often associated
with switched Ethernet.
virtual networknetwork interface
A virtual network-network interface (V-NNI) is a network-side interface.
Virtual Path Identifier The field in the ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) cell header that identifies to which
VP (Virtual Path) the cell belongs.
Virtual Private LAN
Service
A type of point-to-multipoint L2VPN service provided over the public network. VPLS
enables geographically isolated user sites to communicate with each other through the
MAN/WAN as if they are on the same LAN.
Virtual Private
Network
The extension of a private network that encompasses encapsulated, encrypted, and

authenticated links across shared or public networks. VPN connections can provide
remote access and routed connections to private networks over the Internet.
Virtual Private Wire

Service
A technology that bears Layer 2 services. VPWS emulates services such as ATM, FR,
Ethernet, low-speed TDM circuit, and SONET/SDH in a PSN.
Virtual Routing and

Forwarding
A technology included in IP (Internet Protocol) network routers that allows multiple

instances of a routing table to exist in a router and work simultaneously.
Virtual Switch Instance An instance through which the physical access links of VPLS can be mapped to the
virtual links. Each VSI provides independent VPLS service. VSI has Ethernet bridge
function and can terminate PW.
Virtual User-Network
Interface
virtual user-network interface. A virtual user-network interface, works as an action point

to perform service claissification and traffic control in HQoS.
VLAN
See Virtual Local Area Network
VLL
See Virtual Leased Line
Voice over IP
An IP telephony term for a set of facilities used to manage the delivery of voice
information over the Internet. VoIP involves sending voice information in a digital form
in discrete packets rather than by using the traditional circuit-committed protocols of the
public switched telephone network (PSTN).
VoIP
See Voice over IP
VPI
See Virtual Path Identifier
VPLS
See Virtual Private LAN Service
VPN
See Virtual Private Network
VPWS
See Virtual Private Wire Service
VRF
See Virtual Routing and Forwarding
VSI
See Virtual Switch Instance
W
Wait to Restore Time
A period of time that must elapse before a - from a fault recovered - trail/connection can
be used again to transport the normal traffic signal and/or to select the normal traffic
signal from.
WAN
See Wide Area Network
A-32

Issue 03 (2010-06-10)
OptiX RTN 910

Product Description
Web LCT
A Glossary
The local maintenance terminal of a transport network, which is located on the NE

management layer of the transport network
Weighted Fair Queuing Weighted Fair Queuing (WFQ) is a fair queue scheduling algorithm based on bandwidth
allocation weights. This scheduling algorithm allocates the total bandwidth of an
interface to queues, according to their weights and schedules the queues cyclically. In
this manner, packets of all priority queues can be scheduled.
Weighted Random
Early Detection
A packet loss algorithm used for congestion avoidance. It can prevent the global TCP
synchronization caused by traditional tail-drop. WRED is favorable for the high-priority
packet when calculating the packet loss ratio.
WFQ
See Weighted Fair Queuing
Wide Area Network
A network composed of computers which are far away from each other which are
physically connected through specific protocols. WAN covers a broad area, such as a
province, a state or even a country.
Winding pipe
A tool for fiber routing, which acts as the corrugated pipe.
wire speed
Wire speed refers to the maximum packet forwarding capacity on a cable. The value of
wire speed equals the maximum transmission rate capable on a given type of media.
WMS
Wholesale Managed Services
WRED
See Weighted Random Early Detection
WRR
Weighted Round Robin
WTR
See Wait to Restore Time
X
XPD
Cross-Polarization Discrimination
XPIC
See cross polarization interference cancellation
Issue 03 (2010-06-10)

A-33

RTN 910 Product Description (V100R001C02 - 03) PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

RTN 910 Product Description (V100R001C02 - 03) PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

OptiX RTN 910 Radio Transmission System

HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.

Copyright Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. 2010. All rights reserved.

Trademarks and Permissions

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Huawei Industrial Base

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

About This Document

About This Document

OptiX RTN 910

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

About This Document

Updates in Issue 03 (2010-06-10) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

The descriptions of the 28 GHz frequency

Updates in Issue 02 (2010-01-30) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

Overall the document

Deletes descriptions of dynamic tunnels.

The specifications of the product are updated.

Updates in Issue 01 (2009-09-30) Based on Product Version V100R001C02

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

2 Functions and Features..............................................................................................................2-1

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

3.3 Software Structure...........................................................................................................................................3-7

5 Network Management System................................................................................................5-1

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

Table 6-16 Baseband signal processing performance of the modem.................................................................6-13

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

About This Chapter

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

1.1 Network Application

OptiX RTN 910

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

1+0 non-protection configuration

Figure 1-2 IDU 910

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

High Power ODU

Microwave modulation mode

OptiX RTN 910

Figure 1-3 Direct mounting

The separate mounting method is adopted when a double-polarized antenna or big-diameter

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

2 Functions and Features

Functions and Features

About This Chapter

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910

2 Functions and Features

Huawei Proprietary and Confidential

OptiX RTN 910