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Page 1 of 12

Relay Settings for the 7UT51 Differential

Protection Relay
1.0

Introduction .......................................................................................................... 1

2.0

7UT51 Relay Configuration and Settings ............................................................. 1

Application Example.................................................................................................... 2
2.1 Relay Configuration.............................................................................................. 3
2.2 Insert Transformer Data ....................................................................................... 4
2.3 Setting the Differential Function (87) .................................................................... 5
2.4 Setting the Overcurrent Protection (50HS and 50/51) .......................................... 8
2.5 Setting Output Contacts and Targets ................................................................... 9
3.0

Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 10

4.0

References ........................................................................................................ 12

1.0

Introduction

The following paper is a discussion on the setting of the 7UT512/3 Differential Relay,
and consists of a simple example and various hints on how to implement settings on the
7UT512 relay.
The 7UT512 require all its settings in per unit values, all rated to the nominal current of
the transformer. This requires conversion for any settings performed in primary or
secondary values. All the relay setting are explained in detail in the relay instruction
manual but this paper can be used as a supplement to assist in the interpretation of the
relay settings. To simplify the settings process, this paper will only discuss the setting of
the Differential (87) and Over Current (50/51) functions.

2.0

7UT51 Relay Configuration and Settings

Follow the order of the actions below to ensure that the relay is setup up correctly and
in the least amount of time.
1. Configuration of the relay for an application.
2. Insert the transformer data.
3. Setting the differential protection (87& 87HS).
4. Setting the overcurrent protection (50HS & 50/51)
5. Marshalling of the settings to output contacts and targets.

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Application Example
Figure 1 depicts an example that will be used to implement the settings to be applied to
the 7UT512.
For transformer protection, the differential protection (87) must be set to 20% of nominal
current of the transformer, and the instantaneous overcurrent protection (50HS) must be
set to trip at 4000A in 50ms. To protect against high load currents and through faults, the
inverse time element (51) must remove the transformer from the network in 10 seconds
for a current of 800A. The actual settings for both the 50HS and the 51 elements are
entered in per unit values, rated to the nominal current of the transformer, not in CT
secondary values. The application requires that the transformer protection (the 87 and
50HS) trips the HV and LV breakers, while the transformer load protection trips only the
LV breaker.`

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I HV sec.
600 / 5
7UT512
W1

I HV prim.

50/51

9.4 MVA
13.8 kV / 2.4 kV
Z=6%

87

W2

I LV prim.
3000 / 5

I HV sec.

Figure 1: Transformer Application Example

2.1

Relay Configuration

The relay must first be configured to the application example. The example below
shows the Device Options, address group 7800, under the configuration of the 7UT512
relay. The best method to understand these device options is to open a relay file in the
DIGSI software and configure the relay for the intended application. This paper will not
discuss the other settings under the configuration heading (7100, 7200 & 7400) . The
settings contained in these address groups can normally be applied in their default state
and are set during the commissioning period to set up the relay communications and
fault recording options.
By configuring the relay first, all protection functions that are set to be nonexistent will
not appear if the setting and marshalling menus.
Configuration
7800 DEVICE OPTIONS
7801 Selection of the protected object
7816 87-State of the differential protection
7821 Backup overcurrent protection

2-winding trans
EXISTENT
Reference side 1

s
7824
7825
7830
7831
7885
7899

49-Thermal overload protection 1

49-Thermal overload protection 2
State of external trip function 1
State of external trip function 2
Select settings group
Rated Frequency

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NONEXISTENT
NONEXISTENT
NONEXISTENT
NONEXISTENT
NONEXISTENT
Line Freq of 60 Hz

The settings above ensure the setting 7821 is set to the correct reference side of the
transformer. In the example the overcurrent function is required on the HV side of the
transformer.(Comment: ANSI standards recommend a separate overcurrent relay on the
HV side for transformer protection. Otherwise, loss of the differential relay results in a
loss of main and backup protection for the HV side). There is only one overcurrent
element available in the 7UT51 relay, and this element can be used on either winding of
the transformer, HV or LV. Set 7816 to the relay reference side 1 if the relay primary
winding is connected to the transformer HV winding. Check all wiring against the
connection diagrams in the 7UT51 Instruction Manual on Page 186 for the 7UT512
relay, and Page 184 for the 7UT513 relay.

2.2

Insert Transformer Data

The relay uses transformer data to ensure the correct calculation of the differential and
restraint quantities. The relay does not require auxiliary transformers to match the
secondary currents to the transformer primary currents. These settings are entered into
the relay under address block 1100. This address block is found under the Settings tab
in DIGSI.
Printed settings from DIGSI:
1100
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126

TRANSFORMER DATA
Rated voltage of transformer winding 1
Rated apparent power (VA) of winding 1
Rated primary current of winding 1 CT
Starpoint formation of winding 1 CT
Processing of winding 1 zero sequence current
Vector group associated with winding 2
Rated voltage of transformer winding 2
Rated apparent power (VA) of winding 2
Rated primary current of winding 2 CT
Starpoint formation of winding 2 CT
Processing of winding 2 zero sequence current

13.8 kV
9.4 MVA
600 A
Towards transformer
Io-elimination
0 *30
2.4 kV
9.4 MVA
3000 A
Towards transformer
Io-elimination

The relay uses the settings 1102, 1103, 1104, 1122, 1123 and 1124 to calculate the
secondary currents seen by the relay. The relay also needs to calculate the phase
angles of the current seen by the relay. This is done using settings 1105, 1125, and
1121. The example in Figure 1 shows that the star point of CTs are connected such
that the star point grounding is facing the transformer. Set 1105 and 1125 to Towards
transformer. If the transformer star points are grounded 1106 and 1126 must be set to

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Page 5 of 12

Io-elimination. If the starpoint is not grounded 1106 or 1126 can be set to WITHOUT.
If you are not sure about the grounding condition of a transformer winding set 1106 and
1126 to Io-elimination, as this setting works under all circumstances.
Figure 1 also shows that the transformer is a delta-delta connected transformer, with no
phase shift between the transformer windings. Setting 1121 indicates the connection
type of Winding 2, and the phase shift between the reference winding (Winding 1) and
Winding 2. Table 4.1 on page 46 of the 7UT51 Instruction Manual lists the settings for a
delta connected reference winding. For the example shown in Figure 1, a delta-delta
connected transformer with no phase shift, the proper setting is for address 1121 is 0.

2.3

Setting the Differential Function (87)

The relay has a considerable amount of settings for the differential function, found in
DIGSI under group address 1600. For most applications, no settings which need to be
changed. The default settings are based on long experience with numerical transformer
differential relays, and cover nearly every standard application.. However, these settings
can be used to alter the relay characteristic curve if necessary. This could be required if
a tapchanger has a high regulation range (> +15%, -15%), which is effectively a linear
CT-error. Other settings can also be used to set the relay response to inrush current.
These setting should remain at default values unless there are information available to
justify a setting change.
Printed settings from DIGSI:
1600 87-TRANSFORMER DIFF PROTECTION DATA
1601
1603
1604
1606
1607
1608
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1625
1626
1627

87-State of differential protection

87-Pick-Up value of diff protection
87HS-Highset Pick-up RMS value of diff prot.
87-Slope 1 of operating characteristic
87-Base point for slope 2 of operating char.
87-Slope 2 of operating characteristic
87-State of 2nd harmonic restraint
87-2nd harm content in the different. current
87-Time for cross-blocking with 2nd harmonic
87-Choice a further (n-th) harmonic restr
87- n-th harmonic content in the diff. current
87-Activ time for cross-blocking w/ n-th harm
87-Limit IDIFFmax of n-th harmonic restraint
87-Max. blocking time at CT saturation
87-Min. restr. current for blocking @CT satur.
87-Trip time delay of diff. current stage
87-Op time of high-set diff. curr stage
87-Reset dly after diff op has been initiated

ON
0.20I/In Trans
7.5 I/In Trans
0.25
2.5 I/In Trans
0.50
ON
15 %
0 *1 Cycle
5th harmonic
80 %
0 *1 Cycle
1.5 I/In Trans
8 *1 Cycle
5.00 I/In Trans
0.00 s
0.00 s
0.10 s

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Page 6 of 12

Setting 1601 must be set to ON.

Setting 1603 is set in per unit values and is thus set to 0.20 for a requested setting of
20%. For the HV-side, where the nominal current of the transformer is 393 A, this leads
to a sensitivity of 78 A.
Calculating the maximum differential current that can be caused by tap changer errors, ,
can be used to check the setting. The relay is connected to a C200 CT in the example.
This CT has a ratio error of not more than 3% between 1 to 20 times of the secondary
current if the secondary burden does not exceed 2 ohms. Therefore, the maximum
differential current produced by the CTs if the errors between the LV and HV CTs are
opposing is 3% + 3% = 6% under nominal conditions If the transformer has a tap
changer the setting must be increased by 1% for every 1% of tap the changing range.
For a setting of 20% the setting must be increased to 30% for a 10% tap change range.
So for the example in Figure 1, the required setting of 20% is adequate, because there is
no tap changer at the transformer.
The setting 1604 is set to a level where a fundamental differential quantity of this
magnitude can only be an internal fault. Above this setting the differential relay will issue
a trip regardless of the second harmonic setting in 1611. Set this to 7.5 and the relay
operates high speed when the fundamental differential current is higher than 7.5.
It can be shown, that the fundamental quantity of an inrush is never higher than half of
the peak value of the inrush current. Therefore the factory setting covers inrush peak
values up to 15 times of nominal current. Inrush peak currents of this magnitude have
never been seen in fault records.
Setting 1618 is used by the relay to activate the Through Fault Restraint Area. This
feature is used to consider the effect of CT saturation on the differential relay. This
added security ensures that the relay will not trip under high through fault conditions
when CT saturation is more likely to occur. Relays without this feature must increase the
second slope (parameter 1608), thereby desensitizing the relay for some fault
conditions. The default setting is 7 but we have found that a setting of 5 is more
appropriate. The application note Increasing the Security of Low Impedance Differential
Protection in Reference [3] describes the relay differential algorithm in greater detail.
Settings 1625 and 1626 set the delay times for the 87HS and 87 functions. These
settings are normally set to the minimum setting of zero, or no intentional time delay.
The following calculations must be done to ensure that the correct CT taps have been
used.
First calculate the transformer HV primary full load current.

I HV prim =

S
9.4 106
=
= 393.27 A
V 3 13.8 103 3

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Calculate the transformer HV secondary full load current. This is also the relay nominal
current referred to the protected object, the transformer.

I HV sec = I HV prim

CT HV prim
600
= 393.27
= 3.28 A
CT HV sec
5

Calculate the transformer LV primary full load current.

I LV prim =

S
9.4 106
=
= 2261.29 A
V 3 2.4 103 3

Calculate the transformer LV secondary full load current. This is also the relay nominal
current referred to the protected object, the transformer.

I LV sec = I LV prim

CT LV prim
3000
= 2261.29
= 3.77 A
CT LV sec
5

Now calculate the ratio between the rated transformer primary current, and the rated CT
primary current, for each transformer winding.

Winding 1 Ratio =

I HV prim 393
=
= 0.65
I CT prim 600

Winding 2 Ratio =

I LV prim 2261
=
= 0.75
I CT prim 3000

Note: The ratios of the rated primary current to the rated CT primary current must be
between 0.25 and 4.00 for each winding. These ratios are always based on the
maximum rated power set at addresses 1103 and 1126. This is important, as this
effects the accuracy of the differential and restraint calculations.

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2.4

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Page 8 of 12

Setting the Overcurrent Protection (50HS and 50/51)

The overcurrent feature of this relay consist of a high set overcurrent function(50HS) and
a normal overcurrent function that can be configured to a 50 or a 51 function depending
on the selection of setting 2111. These settings are rated to the nominal current of the
winding, which is the value of I HV primary calculated previously.
Printed settings from DIGSI:
2100 OVERCURRENT PROTECTION ( DTL / IDMTL )
2101
2103
2104
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2118
2121

State of back-up overcurrent protection

50HS-Phase highset (Def. Time) O/C pickup
50HS-Delay time for 50HS ( Def. Time) funct
PH O/C time characteristic
50T - Phase (Def. Time) overcurrent pick-up
50T - Delay time for 50T (Def Time) funct
51 - Phase (Inv. Time) overcurrent pick-up
51 - Phase inverse overcurrent time dial
Phase current measurement format
Reset delay after trip has been initiated
Phase overcurrent stage effective :Manual cl

ON
10.16 I/In(_transformer)
0.05 s
Very Inverse
2.00 I/In(transformer)
1.40 s
2.03 I/In
1.51 s
Without Harmonics
0.10 s
Inactive

Calculation of setting 2103.

The example requires a pickup value of 4000A primary, which is converted to per unit on
the nominal rating of the transformer winding by either of the following methods:

CT HV prim
600

I HV sec = 4000
50 HS = I HV prim
3.28 = 10.16
CT HV sec
5

OR
4000
4000
50 HS =
=
= 10.17
I HV prim 393.27
The delay time for 50HS 2104 must be set to 0.05 s as requested.
In order to set address 2114 it will be required to convert 800A to a per unit value that
corresponds to a multiple of the full load current. We can then use this value to select a
curve in address 2111 and time multiplier according the required 10 s delay.
Calculate for address 1114.

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CT HV prim
600

I HV sec = 800
51 = I HV prim
3.28 = 2.03
CT HV sec
5

OR
800
800
51 =
=
= 2.03
I HV prim 393.27
For address 2111 select the curve that is suitable for the application so that it
coordinates with the downstream protection relays. The curves are found in the 7UT51
Instruction Manual (Reference [3]) on Pages 103 to 105. For the example we selected a
very inverse curve.
To set the time dial setting 2115 use the curves on Page 104 Figure 8 to select the
correct value. The time dial selected is 1.5 for a 10s delay at a current of 2.03 times the
full load current or 800 A primary.
This setting can also be calculated by using the formula shown on Page 104 for a very
inverse curve. Please note that I/Ip is the multiples of the Pickup current and that is the
same value that was calculated for address 2114. (51)

TD =

19.138

+ 0.48258
2.0
I / Ip 1

10
TD =
= 1.51
19.138

+ 0.48258

2.0
2.03 1

The settings for the definite time stage (50T) are not used, as these settings 2112 and
2113 are disabled when a curve is selected under address 2111. These settings are
only active when address 2111 is set to definite time. If 2111 is selected to definite time
the settings for the 51 function 2114 and 2115 are disabled.
Setting 2116 is normally set to Without Harmonics, so the relay acts on the
fundamental 60Hz current only. If the transformer feeds a rectifier for a steel smelter
where harmonics are generated or any other transformer that is likely to see harmonics
set this setting to With Harmonics.

2.5

Setting Output Contacts and Targets

Relay marshalling sets the functions or events that control all output contacts and target
LEDs. The first step before attempting to marshal the required functions to the outputs
or inputs is to clear all the default marshalling from the relay. Set all the output contacts,

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Page 10 of 12

discrete inputs, and LEDs to No Function Assigned. After clearing the default
configuration, marshal the required functions to the intended relays. The example
requires two contacts to be marshalled to trip the HV and LV breakers respectively.
Start by marshalling the contact that will be responsible to trip the HV breaker. This
contact only opens the HV breaker for trips issued by the 50HS function and the 87
function.
DIGSI marshalling example.
6401 Configuration of Trip Relay 1
001 5691 87 -Diff protection: Trip
002 5692 87HS -Diff protection: Trip
003 2441 BU 50HS -Highset O/C time expired
004 0001 No function assigned
005 0001 No function assigned
006 0001 No function assigned
007 0001 No function assigned
Marshall the contact that will be responsible to trip the LV breaker. This contact must
open the LV breaker for trips issued by the 87, 50HS and 51 functions.
DIGSI marshalling example.
6402 Configuration of Trip Relay 2
001 5691 87 -Diff protection: Trip
002 5692 87HS -Diff protection: Trip
003 2442 BU 50/51 -Overcurrent timer expired
004 2441 BU 50HS -Highset O/C time expired
005 0001 No function assigned
006 0001 No function assigned
007 0001 No function assigned
The marshalling of the Target LEDs and alarm contacts are performed in a similar
manner to meet the end- customers requirements.

3.0

Conclusion

By following this simple example, more complex applications can be implemented on the
7UT51 relays.
The implementation of settings on the 7UT51 relays, and all Siemens relays in general,
is best performed by creating a relay setting file in the DIGSI software, and using the
relay manual for interpretation of settings. The settings can be printed to a text file using

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Page 11 of 12

DIGSI, which can then be inserted into a setting document. The DIGSI file can be given
to the customer to load directly to the relay.
Although the 7UT51 relay provides the customer with numerous settings, only a few
settings must be calculated and changed from the default settings for almost all
application requirements. The default settings of the relay can protect all type of threephase and single-phase transformers. Normally only setting the transformer and CT data
is required. The differential settings remain unchanged, except to switch ON the 87
function.

s
4.0

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Page 12 of 12

References

[1] 7UT51 V3 Protective Relay Instruction Manual, Siemens Power Transmission &
Distribution, Inc., Raleigh, NC; 1999
[2] 7UT51 V3 Transformer Differential Relay Acceptance Testing, Commissioning and
Maintenance Manual, Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution, Inc., Raleigh,
NC; 1999
[3] Increasing the Security of Low Impedance Differential Protection, Siemens Power
Transmission & Distribution, Inc., Raleigh, NC; 2000

Siemens Power Transmission & Distribution Inc.

Distribution Automation Division
P.O. Box 29503 ! Raleigh, NC 27626-0503
Tel: (800) 347-6659 ! Fax: (919) 365-2552 ! pdad.service@ptd.siemens.com