SOME TECHNIQUES OF ANTIDIFFERENTIATION

Many antiderivatives cannot be found by applying only the

theorems discussed previously.
Therefore, we now learn other techniques of antidifferentiation.
1. Chain Rule for Antidifferentiation
2. Change of Variable (by Substitution)

Recall:
To differentiate

1
(1
10

+ 2 )10 , the chain rule for differentiation is

applied to obtain
1
[ (1 + 2 )10 ] = (1 + 2 )9 (2)
10
Now, suppose the process is reversed. The goal is to look for the
function whose derivative is (1 + 2 )9 (2); that is the goal is to
antidifferentiate the function (1 + 2 )9 (2):
(1 + 2 )9 (2)

The Chain Rule for Antidifferentiation

Let be a differentiable function, and let the range of be an
interval . Suppose that is a function defined on and that is an
antiderivative of on . Then
(()) [ () ] = (()) +

Example: In the problem (1 + 2 )9 (2 ) ,

( ) = 9 , ( ) = 1 + 2 and ( ) = 2
If is an antiderivative of then ( ) =

10
10

Therefore,
2 )10
(
1
+

(1 + 2 )9 (2 ) =
+
10

Examples: Evaluate the following using the Chain Rule for

Antidifferentiation.

1.( 3 1)5 (3 2 )
2.

2 (5

2 3 )8

3. cos 2
4.

4 2
(18 3 )4

A particular case of the Chain Rule for Antidifferentiation:

Theorem: If is a differentiable function, and is a rational
number where 1,
+1
[
]
()
[()] [ ()] =
+
+1

Example: Evaluate the following

1. (1 + 2 )9 (2 )
2. + 4

3. 3 + 4

Consider: 2 1 +
Note that the Chain Rule for Antidifferentiation cannot be used to
solve the antiderivative above.

Computing Antiderivatives after a Change of Variable

(or by Substitution)

In the problem 2 1 + ,
Let = 1 + then =
Also, = 1 which follows that 2 = ( 1)2
Thus, 2 1 + = ( 1)2 (1/2 )

Example: Evaluate the following

1.

sin

2. sin 1 cos
3. tan sec 2

Note: Some antiderivatives can be solved using the Chain Rule or by

Substitution

Examples: Evaluate the following by Substitution.

1.( 3 1)5 (3 2 )
2.

2 (5

2 3 )8

3. 3 + 4

4. cos 2
5.

4 2
(18 3 )4

Exercise. Evaluate the following.

1. 1 4
3

6. cos (2 + sin )5

2. 2 9

7. sin 2 2 cos 2

3. + 2

8. 3 + ( + 1)2

4. (

2
1 )7

5. cos 4

9. sin sin(cos )
10. (tan 2 + cot 2 )2