- -

. XXXX-57

The Engineering Institute of Thailand under H.M. The Kings Patronage

2557-2559
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.

..
..
..
..
.
.

.
..

..
..
..

..
..

..
.

..

..
.
.

..
.

..

()

()

1
2
3

1 ()
2 ()
1 ()
2 ()

II

2557-2559
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
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20.
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22.
23.

..

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III

2557-2559

1. .
2.
3.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

..

IV

. .

.
.

1.
2.

1
20

2.1
2.2
2.3

20
24
25

3.

26

3.1
3.2
3.3 Enclosures

26
34
38

4.

40

4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7

40
42
44
47
48
55
59

(Ventilation system)

(Soundproof System)

5.

61

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8

61
64
67
72
72
74
77
82

6.

83

6.1 (On site acceptance test)

6.2
6.3

83
84
84

VI
6.4
6.5 3 36

84
85

7.

86

.
.
.
.

(Environmental)

92
98
110
120

VII

20

2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5

20
21
22
22
25

1
-

26

3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5

27
36
36
37
38

Self excited
Separately excited (PMG)

4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
4.10
4.11
4.12

40

41

44

45

46

48
(Remote radiator cooling)
49

(Remote radiator with auxiliary coolant pump and auxiliary tank)
50
(Hot well tank)
(Auxiliary coolant pump)
51
(Set-mounted heat
exchanger cooling)
54
(Dual heat exchanger systemwith
secondary remote radiator)
55

58

58

61

5.1
5.2

61
62

1
1

VIII
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10 .
5.10 .

1
62
1
63
3 3 3
74
3 4 3

75
3 4 4

75

76
1 2
76
1 3 110 V/220 V
76
1 3 220 V
76

92

. 1
. 2
. 3
. 4

94
95
96
96

(Continuous power (COP) Base load power)

(Prime power : PRP)
Limited-Time running Power (LTP)
(Emergency standby power : ESP)

.
. 1
. 2
. 3
. 4

98

105
(Typical
Muffler Exhaust Back Pressure vs. Gas Velocity)
106
(Exhaust Back Pressure in Nominal
Inch (mm) Pipe Diameters)
107
(Resistance vs.
Lenth for Various AWG Cable Sizes)
108

. (Environmental)

110

. 1
.2

113
115

.
. 1
.2

120

(System Arrangement)
150 kVA
120
(System Arrangement)
150 kVA
120

IX

3
3.1
3.2

4
4.1

5
5.1
5.2
5.3

7
7.1

(Condensed General Criteria for Preliminary)

26
27
30

40
57

61
65
65
67

86

87

92

. 1

97

G1, G2, G3 G4

.
. 1
. 2
. 3

98

98
() (Equivalent Lengths of Pipe
Fitting in Feet (Meters)
99

(Estimated Heat Emitted from Uninsulated Exhaust Piping and Mufflers)

101

. (Environmente)

110

. 1

111

(Design and Installation Standard of Generator Set)

1


1,500

,






(Rating)

1.1 (Governor)


(No load to
full load condition)
1.2 (Current)

1.3 () (Direct Current : DC)

2
1.4 (Starting Current)

1.5 (Alternating Current : AC)

1.6 , ,

1.7 (Flicker)
(1)
2-3
(2)
, ,

1.8 (Self-Excited)


1.9 (Separately Excited

1.10 (Frequency Regulation)

%R = [(Fnl Ffl)/Fnl]100

Fnl Ffl

1.11 (Voltage Regulation)

(Steady
State)
% V = [(Vnl-Vfl) /Vnl] x100

Vnl = (No load voltage)

3
Vfl = (Full load voltage)
1.12 2
1.12.1 1 (Level 1)

- (Life safety illumination)

- (Fire detection and alarm systems)
- (Elevators)
- (Fire pumps)
- (Public safety communications systems)
-
(Industrial processes where current interruption would produce serious
life safety or health hazards)
- (Essential ventilating and amoke
removal systems)
- 1
1.12.2
2 (Level 2)

1

- (Heating and refrigeration systems)
- (Communications systems)
- (Ventilation and amoke removal systems)
- (Sewage disposal)
- (Lighting)
- (Industrial processes)
- 2
1.13 (Cross Current Compensation)
(Reactive Power)

1.14 (Synchronization)

4
1.15 (Radio Interference Suppression)

1.16 , (Grounded Neutral)

, , ,

1.17 (Delta Connection)

3

1.18 (Wye Connections)
3-
Y Y
1.19 (Peak Shaving)

1.20 (Parallel Operation)

2
1.21 (Motoring)





1.22 (Radio Interference)

1.23 (Ground Fault Protection: GFP)

5
1.24 (Backup Protection)

1.25 , , (Overshoot)

1.26 (Short Circuit)

1.27 (Selective Coordination)

1.28 (Free Field Noise Measurements)

6 2
1.29 (kW)


1.30 - (kWh)
1 1
1.31 - (kVA)

()
(PF) 0.8 - (kW) (kVAR)
1.32 - (kilo-Volt-Amperes Reactive : kVAR)

6
1.33 (Power)
(hp)
(kW) ( 1kW = 1.34 hp)
1.34 (Real Power)

1.35 (Reactive Power)

1.36 (Prime Power)

2
Variable Load

2

1.37 (Field)



1.38 (Pole)

1800 1500 60
50 N = 120F/P (N = , F = P = )
1.39

1.40 (Contactor)

7
1.41 (Sine Wave)
Y
X

1.42 (Telephone Influence Factor : TIF)

3
1.43 (Undershoot)

1.44 (Dielectric Strength)

(1)

,
(2)
(3)
1.45 (Back Pressure)

1.46 (Resistance)
R
1.47 (Frequency)

(Hz) CPS(cycles per second)

8
1.48 (Fault)

1.49 (Em Lux)

(Partition)

1.50 (AC Generator)

1.51 (Permanent Magnet Generator : PMG)

1.52 (Sound Level Meter)

40 140
3 (Weighting Networks) A, B C A
A
(dBA)
1.53 (Fuel Efficiency Standpoint)
50 80
(The Generator set Kw rating)
1.54 (Service Entrance)

9
1.55 (Insulation)

1.56 (Shunt Excited)

1.57 (Amortisseur Windings)

1.58 (Annunciator)
(drop)

1.59 (Shunt Trip)

1.60 (Soft Loading)

1.61 (Zero Sequence)

(Circuit Breaker)
1.62 (Circuit Breaker)
()

()

10
1.63 / () (dB/dB(A) Scale)
Logarithmic scale

()


(A,
B, C)

1.64 (Exciter)


1.65 (Deviation Factor)

1.66 (Service Factor)
( )
(Overload Capacity)
1.67 (Power Factor : PF)
- (
)

1.68 (Lagging Power Factor)

(Inductive Load)
1.0
1.69 (Leading Power Factor)
(Capacitive Load)
1.0

11
1.70 (Demand Factor)

1.71 (Load Factor)

1.72 (Rotor)

1.73 (Ground Return)

1.74 (Neutral)

1
1.75
..
( ) ..
1.76 (Bus)
2
1.77 (Main Breaker)

1.78 (Black Start)

(Hydroelectric generating station)

12
1.79 (Efficiency)

1.80 (One-Line Diagram)

1.81 (Ampacity)
(1)
(2)
(3)
1.82 (Overload Rating)

1.83 (Pitch)
(1) 1
(2) (Slot) (Slot) 1

1.84 (Current Limiting fuse)

, (let-through current) I2t

1.85 , (Mains)

1.86 (Phase)
f(t) t P
t
f(t)

13
1.87 , (Out-of-Phase)
(1)
(2)

180
()
1.88 (Phase Angle)
(1)

()
(t-z+)
,,
(strip line)
+ z z = t = 0 t = 0
z (-z+)
() 360 2

1.89
(1)
(2)

(3) (minute)
( )

(4)

1.90 (Sound Pressure Level : SPL)

(2 x 10 -5 .
0.0002 ) (A, B, C)
1.91 (Standby System)

14
, , , ,
2-3
,
,
, , ,

1.92 (Emergency System)



1.93 (Differential Relay)


1.94 (Reactance)

X
1.95 (Low Voltage)
600
1.96 (Medium Voltage)
601 11,000
1.97 (Voltage Dip)

1.98 (Line-to-Line Voltage)

2
1.99 (Line-to-Neutral Voltage)
3 4

15
1.100 (Surge)

1.101 (Phase Rotation)
(A-B-C, R-S-T or U-V-W)
3

1.102 (Circuit)

1.103 (Watt)

(RMS), (RMS), (Power
Factor, PF) 1,000 1
1.104 , (Cycle)

1.105 (Acoustic Material)

1.106 (Volt)
1 1 1
1.107

..
1.108 (Transfer Switch)

16
1.109 (Stator)

1.110 (Utility)

1.111 (Sound)


20
20,000 20,000 Ultrasonic
20 Infrasonic
1.112 (Current Transformer : CT)

(window type current transformer)

1.113 (Transformer)

1.114 , () (Exhaust Silencer and Muffler)

(Silencers and Mufflers)
Silencer Muffler
Silencer (Noise Attenuation Devices)
Muffler

1.115 , (Lugging)

1.116 (Peak Load)

(1)

() ()

17
(2)

1.117 [electrical power utilization] (Base Load)

1.118 (Continuous Load)
3
1.119 (Nonlinear Load)

SCR UPS

1.120 (Octave Band)

8
(Center frequency)
1 63 , 2
125 , 3 250 , 4 500 ,
5 1,000 , 6 2,000 , 7 4,000
8 8,000
1.121 (Root Mean Square: RMS)

1.122 (Hunting)

(Steady state)

1.123 (Mechanical Governors)

(Flyweights)

18
3 5

1.124 (Electronic Governors)

(Zero droop) Isochronous Governing

1.125 (Voltage Regulator)

1.126 (Surge Suppressor)

1.127 (Silicon Controlled Rectifier: SCR)
3
3
1.128 (Ampere)
A 1
2 1
210-7 / ( ..1948)
1.129 (Ohm)
() (SI)
1
1
1.130 (Harmonics)

2 2

19
1.131 (Hertz : Hz)
/
1.132 Engine data sheet

1.133 RPM

1.131 Total airflow restriction

1.132 Wet Stacking

(Exhaust side)
Wet Stacking
Wet Stacking 30

20

2 ,
(Generator Room, Foundation and Installation Requirements)
, ,
:2.1
2.1.1 (Generator Set)
,




150 220 (500 700 )

2.1
2.1.2

2.1.3

21
(Inlet) (Generator)
(Radiator) (Outlet)

(Generator)

2.2

22

2.3 1
2.1.4

2.1.5

(Outlet)
(Radiator) Heat exchanger cool Air
cool

2.4 -

2.1.6
2.1.7
2.1.8
2.1.9
2.1.10
2.1.11
2.1.12

2.1.13
2.1.14
2.1.15

2.1.16
2.1.17
2.1.18

23
(Fresh air)

5
(Foundation)
1 , 1.5 ,

(Exhaust silencer)
230 . 9

(Fuel Day Tank) (Integral Fuel
Tank)

(working plane) 200
(Transfer Switch)

90

32.3 (3 -)

1 2

(Transfer Switch)

(Transfer Switch) (Terminal)
remote
radiator

(Coolant Heater)

24
2.1.18.1
2.1.18.2

(Combustion air)
(Prime mover)
(Automatic Dry Chemical System)
,
(Reduce its output)

2.2 (Foundation)
2.2.1 (Skid base) 150 . 6

2.2.2 150 . 6

2.2.3
2.2.3.1
2

2.2.3.2
(h)
W
d.l.w
= ()
= ()
= ()
=
= 145 =2,400 /
= (Total wet weight of Genset)
()

h =
h
l
w
d
W

25

2.5
2.3
2.3.1

2.3.2
(Fresh air)
2.3.3
2.3.3.1

2.3.3.2

26

3
(Standard for Materials and Equipments)


3.1 (Prime movers) (Alternator)
(Diesel engine)
(Constant speed) .3.1.1 (Governors)
(1) (Bandwidth of rated speed)
(Any constant load or steady state condition) (Load)
(2) (No load) (Full load)
(Within the range for the load)
(3) (One step application of the full load)
(The speed dip shall not be outside the range for
the load) (Steady state condition)
(Within the requirements of the load)
(4) :() (Mechanical Governors)
(Mechanical
sensing) Flyweight
3 5
(Mechanical Governor)

() (Electric Governor)
(Isochronous or zero droop)
(Synchronizing and paralleling equipment)
(Electromagnetic) (Electronic
circuit)

(Transient
load steps) (Mechanical
governor)
()

27
3.1.2

3.1.2.1
12 24
12 24
3.1

3.1
3.1.2.2

3.1
Starting equipment requirement
()
()
()
()

Battery unit
Battery certification
Cycle cranking
Cranking limited time - outs
Cycle Crank (3 cycles)
Continuous crank
() Float type battery charger
1. Dc - ammeter
2. Dc - voltmeter
() Recharge time
() Low battery voltage alarm contacts

1
X
X
X or O

2
X
NA
O

75
45
X
X
X
24
X

75
45
X
X
X
36
X

X : , O : , NA :

28
3.1.2.3
3.1.2.4

1 (Cranking period) 15
(Rest period) 15

3.1 ()
3
Lead acid
Nickel cadmium
(Charging alternator) (Integral
automatic voltage regulator)
(Emergency standby systems)
(Float type battery charger)
(Normal power source)

Required charginghours

3.1.2.5

1.2 Battery Amp - Hour

Required battery chargingamps.

, , ,
(Battery racks)

(Voltage drop) (Total
resistance) ,
(Total cranking circuit resistance)
0.00075 12
0.002 24
(Air Starting)

(Air hose size) (Tank volume)

(Maximum pressure rating)

29
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
: (Oil pressure gauge)
(Temperature gauge)
(Air-cooled)
(Hour meter)
(Battery-charging meter)

3.1.3.2
3.1.3.1

(Antishock vibration mounting)
3.1.3.3
(Harnessed or flexible enclosed)
, (Chafing)
3.1.4

(Automatic remote start capability)

Run-off-automatic



- (Cranking control)
-
(1) Run
: (Manual initiate)
(2) Off
:
(3) Automatic :
- (Shutdown) :(1) (Fail to start
after specified cranking time)
(2) (Overspeed)
(3) (High engine temperature)
(4) (Low lubricating oil pressure)
(5) (Removal of the initiating signal or manual
emergency shutdown.)

30
: 3.2 1 2

1
2
(Indicator Function at Battery Voltage)
CV S RA CV S RA
(a) (Overcrank)
X X X X X O
(b)
X NA X X NA O
(c) (Pre-alarm)
X NA X O NA NA
(d)
X X X X X O
(e) (Pre-alarm)
X NA X O NA NA
(f)
X X X X X O
(g)
X X X X X O
(h)
X NA X O NA O
(i)
X O X X O X
(j)
X NA NA O NA NA
(k) (Automatic Position) X NA X O NA NA
(l) (High Battery Voltage)
X NA NA O NA NA
(m) (Low
X NA X O NA O
CrakingVoltage)
(n)
X NA NA O NA NA
(o) (Battery Charger ac failure)
X NA NA O NA NA
(p) (Lamp Test)
X NA NA X NA X
(q) Local Remote Alarm)
X NA X X NA X
(r) (Audible Alarm Silencing
NA NA X NA NA O
Switch)
(s)
X NA NA O NA NA
(t) Hydraulic Starting
X NA NA O NA NA
(u) Air Shutdown damper
X X X X X O
(v) (Remote Emergency Stop)
NA X NA NA X NA
CV
S
RA
X
O
NA

:
:
:
:
:
:

(Shutdown)
Remote Audible
(Required)
(Option)
(Not Applicable)

31

3.1.5

3.1.6
3.1.6.1

3.1.6.2
3.1.6.3

3.1.6.4
3.1.6.5
3.1.7
3.1.7.1

3-2
-
-
- (contacts )

-
(Vibration Isolators)
(Foundation or inertia base)
200
(Pad type vibration isolator)
200
(Spring type vibration isolator)

(Exhaust muffler)
(Industrial type) 12 18 dBA
(Residential type) 18 25 dBA
(Critical type) 25 35 dBA
(Super critical type) 35 45dBA
(Exhaust pipe) (Black steel pipe) .
600

(Flexible exhaust pipe)

,
(Seamless corrugated
stainless steel) 200
610 . 24 200
457 . 18
(Noncombustible material)
600 oC
(Jacket) 0.50 .

(Fuel Tank) 4
(1) (Fuel Day Tank)
(Class)
4 (Full load)

32

3.1.7.2

3.1.7.3

(2) (Enclosed Fuel Tank)

(3) (Integral Fuel Tank)
(Mounted on the engine) (Under a sub
base)
(4) (Main Fuel Tank Fuel Storage Tank)
(Fuel Day Tank)
: (Yield stress) 1.5
(Allowable stress)

50
60

300
(Compartment)

:() 4
() 400
150
150

: (Yield stress) 1.5
(Allowable stress)

3.1.7.4

3.1.7.5

3.1.7.6

3.1.7.7
3.1.7.8

33

150

:(1)

(2)

(3)

:()

()

()

:()
()
()

20.6 (3
) 34.5 (5 )

34

24




:(1) (Visual check)

(2) 345
(50 )

3.1.7.9

(Cast iron and aluminum pipe)

(Porous)
(Galvanized fuel pipe Line)

(Copper fuel pipe Line) (Clog fuel

injectors)

(Centrifugal pump)
(Positive displacement pump)

safety relief valve

(Seal) Mechanical seal
(Fuel Day Tank)
2

3.2 (Alternator)
3.2.1 (Voltage)
(1) (Low voltage) 600 +5%
(Nominal voltage)
(Standby and emergency application)

3.2.2

3.2.3

3.2.4

35
(2) (Medium voltage) 601 11,000
+5%
(Prime power) (Base load)
(Continuous) 100% (Unlimited hours)

(1) 20 (Winding insulation

NEMA Class F NEMA Class H NEMA Class H
Class F 40 C
(Temperature rise)
(2) (Temperature rise) Class Class 80 C ,
Class 105 C , Class 125 C Class 150 C Class
(Temperature rise) (Winding) 40 C
80 C (Class 80 C Temperature rise)
105 C (Class 105 C
Temperature rise) Temperature
rise class Class 125/105/80 C
Standby rating 125 C, Prime rating
105 C Continuous rating 80 C
(Winding and Connections)
4 Lead, 6Lead 12 Lead WYE
DELTA 208 240 190 220 380 480
(Excitation level)
(Special winding) (Higher
motor starting current capability)
(Fundamental & Excitation)
(1) (Excitation system) Self excited
Separately excited (Permanent Manet Generator : PMG)
Self excited Excitation system
(AVR)
(By tapping or shunting power from the generator power output)
(Reference values) (DC output)
Exciter field windings Exciter field Exciter rotor
(Rectified) (DC) Rotating diode Main
rotor Generator field Exciter current
(Output voltage)

36

3.2 Self excited

Separately excited (Excitation
system) Self excited (Permanent
Magnet Generator PMG) Main generator shaft
(AVR)
Excitation
10 Separately excited
, Non linear load (Short
circuit)

3.3 Separately excited (PMG)

37
(2) (Transient load)


(Alternator)
10 % 60 %
(60% one step load)
(Voltage recovery time)
(Voltage Dip)
+/- 2%
1-10

(Frequency Dip)

5 %
60% (60% One step load)

3.4
(Typical Voltage Profile on Load Application and Removal)

38
(3) Locked Rotor kVA
6
(Voltage Dip ) ( 3.5)
(Peak) 3
80%

3.5
(Typical Across-the-Line Motor Starting Characteristics)
3.3. Enclosures (Canopies Type)
3 (Weatherproof enclosures),
(Soundproof enclosures) (Walk-in enclosures)
:3.3.1 (Weatherproof Enclosures)

3.3.2

3.3.3

39
,
, , (Louver)
(Perforated panels)
(Soundproof Enclosures)

(Soundproof
material) (Sound attenuator)

(Walk-in Enclosures)

(Sound attenuator), , (Power switching
and monitoring equipments), , , ,
,
,

40

4
(Mechanical Installation)
,

(Dynamic
load) (Vibration)

: 4.1 (Vibration isolator)

(Vibration force) 98%
4, 6, 8 12
(Deflection) (Vibration isolator)
(Base frame) (Concrete foundation)
( 200 )
(Rubber type vibration isolator)
(Engine generator assembly) (Skid or base-frame)
(Concrete foundation) (Floor)
( )
)
(Slab floor)
(Sub-base tank) (Vibration isolator foundation)
4.1

41

4.1
4.1.1

4.1.2

4.1.3

(Slab floor)
(slab floor)
15 6
(Base frame or Skid base) 15 6

(Sub-base fuel tank)

(Sub-base fuel tank)
(Vibration isolator) Frame

(Dynamic load) (Air space)
10 . (Reduce corrosion)

(Vibration isolator foundation)

(Transmission) (Foundation)
2 (Dynamic load)
(Sub-base fuel tank)
(Contributing to the weight) 2.4

42

2.2 (Foundation) 2
4.2 (Exhaust system)
(Exhaust gas)
, ,

4.2.1 (Stainless steel flexible exhaust pipe)
(Engine exhaust outlet) (Exhaust pipe)
(Thermal expansion) ,
(Vibration) (Misalignment)
4.2.2 (Exhaust muffler or Exhaust Silencer)

(Heats up quickly) (Corrosion due to
condensate)
4.2.3 15 . ( )

4.2.4 Support (Non-combustible hanger

or supports) (Engine exhaust outlet)
(Exhaust manifold)

4.2.5 (Exhaust pipe) (Black steel pipe) .

600
4.2.6 (Elbow) Long radius elbow
4.2.7 Exhaust
back pressure Engine data sheet
(Exhaust outlet)
(Friction loss)
(Corrosion due to condensate)
(Outdoor wind stream)
4,546 15,000

4.2.8 (Exhaust pipe) (Exhaust muffler)

(Thermal insulation) (Accidental contact)
(Heat radiated to the
generator room from exhaust system)

4.2.9

4.2.10
4.2.11

4.2.12
4.2.13

4.2.14
4.2.15
4.2.16

43
(Engine exhaust manifolds)
(Turbocharger housing)
(Flexible exhaust pipe)Thermal expansion joint
600

(Combustible
construction) 229 . 9 (Sleeve)
25 . 1

(Combustible wall or Ceilings)
(Routing of exhaust piping)
2.4 8

1.14 . 100 C
( 0.0076 1
100 F) Thermal expansion joint

(Slope downwards away the engine to the

out of doors or to a condensate trap) 1 100
(Air intake
or air inlet grill) 5 (Soot)
3 1

(Rain cap) (Exhaust outlet point up)

, (Corrosive condensate)

(Exhaust back pressure) (Allowable
back pressure) Engine data sheet
, (Reduce engine life)
(Layout)

(Full load operation)

44

4.2 (Typical exhaust system)

4.3 (Ventilation system)
4.3.1
(Engine) (Alternator)

(Combustion air)

,
(Overheating of the engine)
4.3.2 (Inlet air) (Outlet air)
(Ventilation air)
(Radiator fan)
4.4 4.5



4.3.2.1
(Radiator discharge duct) Self supporting
4.3.2.2
(Inlet air) (Outlet air)

45
4.3.2.3
4.3.2.4

(Downwind side)
(Inlet air) (Exhaust Outlet) 5

4.3
4.3.3 (Rated Load)
(To Limit
the Maximum Air Temperature in The EPS Room) (40 C
)
4.3.4 1

2
4.3.5 (Radiator air discharge) 1
2
4.3.6 1 Fire damper, Shutters Self closing
devices -

46
4.3.7 (Ventilation air) (Inlet air)
150 220 500-700
-

- (Inlet air) (Free Area) (Outlet

air) 1.5
4.3.8 (Radiator) Total airflow
restriction (Discharge duct at
the radiator outlet) Static head (Radiator fan)
Max. air flow restriction 125
(0.50 )
4.3.9 (Wind/Noise barrier) ( 4.2)
3 (3 x)
4.3.10 50 C (125 F)
40 C (100 F)

4.4
4.3.11 (Total air flow calculation)

H Total
Q =
Cp T d

47
Q

(Mass flow rate of air into the room) cfm.

m3/min

H Total =

(Heat rejection into the room from the genset and other heat
sources) BTU/min MJ/min

Cp

(Specific heat at constant pressure)

0.241 BTU/lb-oF

1.01 x 10-3 MJ/kg- oC

(Temperature rise in the

generator set room over outdoor ambient) oF oC

(Density of air)

0.0754 lb/ft3

1.21 kg/m3

H Total
0.241 0.0757 T

55 H Total
T (

F)

cfm.

H Total
818 H Total 3
=
m /min.

(1.01 10- 3 ) 1.21 T

T( C)

4.3.12 (Slightly
negative pressure) (All entry/service door)
(To maintain the designed ventilation
flow)
4.3.13 (Boiler)

4.4
(Engine cooling system)

(Pump)
(Cylinder block) (Cylinder head)

(Skid-mounted radiator) (Radiator fan) (Engine

48
driven fan) (Coolant
mixture)

(Skid-mounted liquid to liquid heat exchanger)
( Remote radiator),
(Remote liquid to liquid heat exchanger) (cooling tower)

4.5

4.5.1 (Skid-Mounted radiator)

4.5
(Skidmounted radiator cooling)
, ,

(Radiator fan) (Mechanically driven by the engine)
(Warm up)
(Hot side)

49

(Pump) (Positive head)

(Flow rate) Static
Friction head (Pump)
Static Friction head
Engine data sheet
(Overheating)
4.5.2

(Remote radiator)

4.6 (Remote radiator cooling)

(Remote radiator)

(Skid-mounted radiator)
(Remote radiator)

Friction head

50
(Pump) Centerline (Crankshaft)
Static head Static Friction head
Engine data sheet
Static
Friction head
Static Friction head Engine data sheet
4.7 Friction head
Static head Engine
data sheet (Remote radiator)
4.8

4.7
(Remote radiator with auxiliary coolant pump and auxiliary tank)

51
Friction head Static head Engine data sheet
4.9

4.8 (Hot well tank)

(Auxiliary coolant pump)

(Remote radiator)
- Coolant static Friction heads

-
- (Engine inlet
and outlet connection)
- -

- (Thermal expansion)

-
., ATSM, JIS,BS
- (Flexible Tube)

52
- (Flexible Tube)
(Vibration)
Flexible stainless steel connections
Double-clamped hoses
- (Connection Hose) (Suction side)
(Resist collapse)
- (Coolant Hose) T-bolt Constant torque clamps
Worm screw-Type
- Deaerating Tank Auxiliary Tank
()
() (Fill/pressure cap) ,
(Low coolant level shutdown
switch)
()
() (Sight glass)
() (Have vent lines above the
coolant level)
() (Have a delicated connection point for each vent
line)
- Engine coolant jacket
Deaerating tank.
- Hotwell tank
() Hot well tank
.(.1) 25%
(.2) 25% (Radiator)
(.3)
5% (Thermal expansion)
() (The bottom of hot well tank)
(The bottom of the hot well should be above the engine coolant outlet)
4.5.3 (Heat exchanger cooling system)
(The engine coolant)
(Closed system) (Cooling tower)
(Water tank) ,
(The engine pump)

()

4.5.3.1
4.5.3.2

4.5.3.3
4.5.3.4
4.5.3.5

53
(Coolant) (Raw water)
(
-)
: (Raw water or coolant flow rate)
- (Engine data sheet)
(Raw water orcoolant)
,


(Sufficient ventilation system)
(Shell and Tube Plate type)
(Quality of raw cooling water)
(Raw water)
RWR =
RWR =
HR

=
=

HR
T c
(Raw water or coolant required)
()
(Heat rejection to water or coolant)
()
(Temperature rise of water or
coolant across cooler core) ()
(Specific heat of water)
8 (4 )

: (Heat reject to coolant)

(Engine data sheet)
(Heat Exchanger) (Set mounted heat
exchanger) 4.10 (Remote heat exchanger)
(Remote
radiator)

Static head
Dual heat
exchanger system (Radiator)
(Raw water) 4.11
(Heat exchanger)

54

4.9
(Set-mounted heat exchanger cooling)

55

4.10
(Dual heat exchanger systemwith secondary remote radiator)
4.6
:4.6.1

4.6.2

4.6.3

(Full load fuel consumption rate)
1.5 2
4.6.4

10
(Manually draining or pumping out water and
sediment)

56
4.6.5

(Pre filter)
(The fuel lift pump) (Day tank transfer pump)
(Float valve)
4.6.6
4.6.7 (Fuel return lines)
(Separate fuel return lines)
(To prevent pressurizing the return lines of
idle sets) (Shutoff device) (Return line)

4.6.8


2 (Fuel storage tank)
(Fuel day tank ) (Fuel return line)
(Fuel day tank)

Oil Cooler
4.6.9
(Bund wall)

4.6.10
(Fuel Day Tank)
4.6.11 .
(Fuel
Storage Tank)
4.6.12
4.6.12.1 (Flexible hose)

4.6.12.2 (Fuel day tank)

(Down hill)

4.6.12.3 (Support )
(Support) 1.5
40 .(1.5 )
4.6.12.4 (Heating pipes)

4.6.12.5

4.6.12.6

57
(Flush)

345 (50 )

4.1

()
80 (303)
81 100 (304 378)
101 160 (379 604)
161 230 (605 869)
231 310 (870 1,170)
311 410 (1,171 1,550)
411 610 (1,550 2,309)
611 920 (2,309 3,480)

NPS
Pipe size (inch)

DN Pipe size
(mm)

1/2
1/2
3/4
3/4
1
1
1 /4
11/2
11/2

15
15
20
20
25
32
40
40

4.12
4.13

58

4.11

4.12

59
4.7 (Soundproof System)
4.7.1 ,
, (Radiator Fan)
3
4.7.1.1 (Engine Exhaust) (Low Frequency Sound)
4.7.1.2 (Engine Moving Part)
(Low and High Frequency Sound)
4.7.1.3 (Radiator Discharge Air) (High Frequency Sound)
4.7.2 (Reducing structure Transmitted noise)



(Vibration Isolator)

Vibration Isolator , (Base Frame)
(Concrete Foundation) Flexible
Connections , (Air duct) ,
,

4.7.3 (Reducing Airborne Noise)

-

-
, ,

- , (Air duct)
90 (High frequency noise)

, ,
- (Concrete block)

- (Remote radiator)

4.7.4
(Exhaust muffler) :- (Industrial type) 12 18 dBA

60
- (Residential type) 18 25 dBA
- (Critical type) 25 dBA 35 dBA
- (Super critical type) 35 dBA 45 dBA

61

5
(Standby Electrical System Installation)
5.1 (Typical Low Voltage System)
5.1.1 1 5-1

5.1 1
5.1.1.1

(Overcurrent Protection)

5.1.1.2
(Fault)

5.1.1.3
(Fault)
(Circuit Breaker) -
(Disconnecting Switch)

5.1.2 1 5-2

62

5.2 1
5.1.2.1
5.1.2.2

5.1.3

5.1.1




(Grounding System)
1 5.3

5.3 1

63
5.1.3.1
5.1.3.2
5.1.3.3
5.1.3.4

5.1.4

5.1.1
(Fault)
(Automatic Transfer Switch, ATS)
(Automatic Transfer Switch, ATS) Contactor
Circuit Breaker
(Automatic Transfer Switch, ATS)
(Automatic Transfer Switch, ATS) 3
4
(Automatic Transfer Switch,
ATS) (Grounding System)
1

5.4 1
5.1.4.1
5.1.4.2

5.1.1
(Automatic Transfer Switch : ATS) 4
Circuit Breaker Fuse Switch 3
(Automatic Transfer Switch : ATS)
(Grounding System)

64
5.2 (Classification of Emergency Power Supply Systems)
5.2.1 2
5.2.1.1
1 (Level 1)

5.2.1.1.1
( Life safety illumination)
5.2.1.1.2
( Fire detection and alarm systems)
5.2.1.1.3
( Elevators)
5.2.1.1.4
( Fire pumps)
5.2.1.1.5
( Public safety communications systems)
5.2.1.1.6

( Industrial processes where current interruption would produce serious life
safety or health hazards)
5.2.1.1.7
( Essential ventilating and smoke
removal systems)
5.2.1.1.8
1
5.2.1.2

5.2.1.2.1
5.2.1.2.2
5.2.1.2.3
5.2.1.2.4
5.2.1.2.5
5.2.1.2.6
5.2.1.2.7
5.2.1.3
5.2.1.4
5.2.1.4.1
5.2.1.4.2
5.2.1.4.3
5.2.1.4.4

2 (Level 2)

1

(Heating and refrigeration systems)
(Communications systems)
(Ventilation and smoke removal systems)
(Sewage disposal)
(Lighting)
( Industrial processes)
2
5.2.1.1 5.2.1.2

1 (Level 1)
AC Voltmeter Phase Selector Switch
AC Ammeter Phase Selector Switch
Frequency meter
+/- 5 %

65
5.2.1.5
(Surge Suppressor)

5.2.1.6
5.2.1.1 5.2.1.2

5.2.1.6.1

5.2.1.6.2
5-1
5.2.1.6.3
5-2
5.2.2

5-1
5.1
(Type)

5.2.3

(Power Restoration)

( UPS )

10

10

60

60

120

120

(Class)
5.2

5.2

(Class)
0.083
0.25
2
6
48
X

0.083 (5 )
0.25 ( 15 )
2
6
48
,

66
(Class)


1 (Level 1) (Class) 6
5.4.4 (Class) 48

67
5.3 (Condensed General Criteria for Preliminary
Consideration)

(Evacuation of
personnel)

(Perimeter and Sucurity)

3

10

10

10-12

(Warning)

10 - 3

To return to prime power

(restoration of normal power system)

(General
Lighting )

(Hospitals and medical areas)

-10
( 10

)
0.1 - 1

(Ordinary
Shut-down time)

10 -

1
2

3
4
5
1
2
3
1
2

3
1

1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4

68

2
(Startup
power)

(Boilers)

(Air Compressors)
3 (Transportation) (Elevator)

(Material Handling)

4
(Mechanical
Utility System)

5
( Heating )

2
3
1

2
1
2
3
1

2
3
1
2
1

2
3
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3

GAS - Fire

1
2
1
2
3
4
5

15 -1

15 -1

1 -

(Escalator)

15 -

0 -

15

30 -

1 -

1 -

(Boiler
Power)

0.1

, ,

10 -

0.1 -

x
x

69

6
(Refrigeration )

7
(Production)

8

(Space conditioning )

( Cryogenics )

(
,,
, )

1
2
1
2
3
4
5

-1

( )

10

( )
/

( )

(Static Charge )

10

( ,
)

30

( )
( Toxic Fumes )

15

( )
(explosive atmosphere )

10

1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
3
4
5
6

70

8

(Space conditioning )

( ) 15
(Special equipment )

(
)
(all categories noncritical )

( Air pollution control )

(Optional)

( )

( Fire Protection )

10
( Data processing )

11

(
,
,
)

10

( Auxiliary lighting )
CPU ,
Tape / Disc

10

5 - 15 (1
)

1/2

x
x

1
2
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
1
2

2
3
1
2
3
1
2
1
2
1
2
3
1
2

X -ray

1/1000 -

1/1000 -

1/2 - 10

2
1
2
3
4

(refrigeration )

71

12

2
3
1

2
3
4
1

2
3
4
5
1

2
3
4
1

2
3
1

(teletypewriter)

(inner building)

10

10

( close circuit and commercail )

10

10

( intercommunicatios system )

(Paging systems )

13 ( Signal
circuits )

(Alarm and
annunciation)

10

1-10

1/2

2
3
4
5

1 - 1

6
1
2
3

72
5.4 (Electrical Connection & Wiring)
5.4.1
.
5.4.2 .
5.4.3


5.4.4
(Critical Care Area) ICU (intensive care units) CCU (coronary
care units) (angiography laboratories)
(cardiac catheterization laboratories) (delivery rooms)
(operating rooms) (postanesthesia recovery rooms)
(Emergency Departments)

(Automatic Transfer Switch)
(Critical Care Area) 1
(Transfer Switch)

5.4.5
Liquid-Tight

5.4.6 Bushings, Bus-Bars, Terminal Block

(Flexible Conduit)

5.4.7 (Strand)

5.7.8 1 (Level 1)
(Fire Resistance Cable)
(Race Way)
5.5 (Electrical Protection)

73
5.5.1

(Terminal)
(Over Current Protective Devices)

5.5.2 (Main Circuit Breaker)

5.5.2.1
(Circuit Breakers)
Molded Case Power Circuit Breaker
5.5.2.2
Molded Case Circuit Breaker
10 1,600 A
5.5.2.3
Power Circuit Breaker 800 6,300 A
Molded Case Circuit Breaker, Power Circuit Breaker

5.5.2.4
main line breakers (Circuit Breakers),
(Trip Unit)
(Continuous or non continuous)
5.5.3 (Fault) Circuit Breaker
(MAN LINE )
5.5.3.1
Circuit Breaker (Continuous Full
Load) (Rated Current)

5.5.3.2
Circuit Breaker 80% Circuit
Breaker (Rated Current) 1.25
5.5.3.3 Load Circuit
Breaker
5.5.3.3.1
1.25
5.5.3.3.2
Load DF (Demand Factor)
5.5.3.3.3
1.25
5.5.3.3.4

5.5.3.3.5

5.5.4

5.5.5

(Over Load Protection)

600
.

Zone
(Feeder)

74
Damage Curve Alternator
Zone
5.5.6 (overcurrent protective devices)

5.5.7 (Maximum Interrupting Capacity, IC)

5.5.8 (Overcurrent Protective Device

Rating) (Maximum Interrupting
Capacity, IC) .
5.5.9
.
5.6 (Grounding System)
5.6.1
600 V .

5.6.2

.
5.6.3 2
2
5.6.4
5.6.4.1
3 3 3
Solid Grounded Resistance Grounded Ungrounded

5.5 3 3 3
5.6.4.2

3 4 3
(Ground Fault Protection : GFP)

75

(Neutral)

5.6 3 4 3

5.6.4.3

3 4 4
(Ground Fault Protection, GFP)

5.7 3 4 4

5.6.4.4

76

5.8
5.6.4.5

1 2
- 1 2 5.9

5.9 1 2
- 1 3 110 V L0 (Center Tap) 5.10

5.10 . 1 3 110 V/220 V

77
- 1 3 220 V 5.10

5.10 . 1 3 220 V
5.7 (Transfer Switch)
5.7.1
5.7.1.1
(Transfer Switch ) 2
5.7.1.1.1
(Automatic Transfer Switch)

(Automatic Transfer Switch)

(Automatic Transfer Switch)

(Automatic Transfer Switch)

5.7.1.1.2
(Non-Automatic Transfer Switch)

5.7.1.2

5.7.1.2.1

5.7.1.2.2

5.7.1.2.3

5.7.1.2.4

2
5.7.1.3
100 %
40 C
(Integral overcurrent protective devices)
80%

78

5.7.1.4
5.7.1.5
5.7.1.6
5.7.1.7

(Specification Sheet)
100%
1

2 3 () 4 (
)

5.7.2 (Automatic Transfer Switch)

5.7.2.1
(Automatic Transfer Switch)

5.7.2.1.1

5.7.2.1.2

5.7.2.1.3
(Notin-automatic)
5.7.2.2
(Source Monitoring)
5.7.2.2.1

5.7.2.2.1.1

85%

5.7.2.2.1.2

90%

5.7.2.2.2

5.7.2.2.3

5.7.2.3
(Closed Transition Transfer
Switch)

79


Break before Make Make before
Break Break before Make
Make before Break
(Synchronized)
5.7.2.3.1

(Closed Transition Transfer Switch)

Break before Make (
)

5.7.2.3.2

(Closed Transition Transfer Switch)
Make before Break (
)
(Synchronized)
5.7.2.4
(Interlocking)


(Automatic Transfer Switch)
(Closed Transition Transfer Switch)
5.7.2.5
(Manual Operation)

5.7.2.6

(D.P)

5.7.2.7

5.7.2.8
(Engine Starting Time Delay)

(Automatic Transfer Switch)
3
5.7.2.9
(Normal to Emergency Time Delay)
(Automatic Transfer Switch)

(Automatic Transfer Switch)

80
1

5.7.2.10 (Emergency to Normal Time Delay)

(Automatic Transfer Switch)

(Automatic Transfer Switch)
(Override) 0 30

5.7.2.11 5.7.2.10

(Automatic Transfer Switch)

5.7.2.12 (Engine Cool Down Time Delay)

5
(Automatic Transfer Switch)

5.7.2.13 (Exercised)
1 30
:5.7.2.13.1

5.7.2.13.2 30 (Name Plate KW)

(Under Operating Temperature Condition)
(Exercise)
(Automatic Transfer Switch)
5.7.2.14

5.7.2.15

5.7.2.16

(Test Switch)
(Automatic Transfer
Switch) (Automatic Transfer
Switch)

(Automatic Transfer
Switch)
(Automatic Transfer
Switch)

81

5.7.2.17

(Inrush Current)
(Automatic Transfer Switch)

(Neutral Contact)

(Ground fault)
(Automatic Transfer
Switch)
(Ground fault)
(Ground fault)

5.7.3

(Non-Automatic Transfer Switch)

(Remote Manual Control)
5.7.3.1
(Interlocking)

5.7.3.2
(Non-Automatic
Transfer Switch)

(Non-Automatic Transfer Switch)


5.7.4 (Bypass-Isolation Switch)
5.7.4.1

(Automatic Transfer Switch)
(Automatic Transfer Switch)

2
5.7.4.2

(Automatic Transfer Switch)

5.7.4.3
(Bypass to Normal)
(Bypass to Emergency)
5.7.4.4
(Bypass to
Normal) (Bypass to Emergency) 1 (Level 1)

82
5.8 (Synchronization)
Synchronizing Relay
Main protective Device (Motor Operated)
Synchronizing Relay (In
Phase)




(In Phase)
(Voltage Regulator)
(Governor)

83

6
.
(Performance)
.6.1 (On site acceptance test)
-

(Power output)
:6.1.1
(The Emergency Load) (Standard Operating Level)
(Close)

6.1.2 (Time Delay On Start)

6.1.3 (The Cranking Time Until The
Prime Mover Starts and Runs)
6.1.4 (The Time Taken to
Reach Operating Speed)
6.1.5
(Normal Source)
(Emergency Source)
6.1.7 (The Battery Charge Rate)
5 15 15
6.1.8 Load Test 2
, (Voltage), (Frequency), (Current)
(Oil Pressure) (Water Temperature)
:6.1.8.1
30 % (Name plate Kw) 30
6.1.8.2
50 % (Name plate Kw) 30
6.1.8.3
100% (Name plate Kw) 60

(Load Bank)
100% (Name plate Kw)
(Derating Factor) (Site Conditions)
6.1.9

5

84
6.1.10 (Cool down)
(Shutdown)
6.1.11 6.1
5

6.1.12 (Paralleled)

6.1.13 (Single Step Load Test)
6.1.11
60%
(Name plate Kw) (Single Step Load)
(Voltage and Frequency Dip) (Recovery
Time)
6.1.14 6.1.8 15
2
6.1.15
6.2

(Exercise) 30
(Excercise)
6.3
1 30
:6.3.1

6.3.2 30% (Name plate Kw Rating)

6.4
.6.4.1 50 % (Name plate Kw Rating) 30
6.4.2 75% (Name plate Kw Rating) 60
1.5 (1.5 Continuous hours)
- , ,
, , , , ,
5 15 15

85
6.5 3 36 1
1 4 .6.5.1 30 % (Name plate Kw Rating) 30
6.5.2 50 % (Name plate Kw Rating) 30
6.5.3 75 % (Name plate Kw Rating) 60
6.5.4 100 % (Name plate Kw Rating) 120
100 % (Name plate Kw)

(Load bank) 100 % (Name plate
Kw) (Derating factor)
(Site condition)
(Load bank) Resistive AC load bank
1.0
0.8 (Prime mover)
Full KVA 1.0

86

7
7.1

7.2

7.3 (Schedule)

7.4 (Inspections), (Test), (Exercising),

,

(1)
(2)
(3) , ,
(4)
7.5

(1) (Checking of Connections)

(2) (Overheating)
(Contact Erosion)
(3)
(4)
7.6 Lead-Acid
- (Electrolyte Level)
- Electrolyte
- (Automatic Battery Charger)
-
7.7 (Operation Manual) (Special Tools)
, (Testing Devices)

7.8

87
7.1

X = (Action)

R = (Replace, if needed)
W =

M=
Q = 3

S = 6
A =

1. (Fuel System)
()
X
M
(Fuel Storage Tank)
()
X
X
M
(Fuel Day Tank)
()
X
X
Q
(Fuel Float Tank)
()
X
X
Q

()
X
X
Q
() (Strainer),
X
Q
(Filter)
()
X
X
Q
() (Flexible
X
R
M
hose and connectors)
() (Vent )
X
X
A
(Overflow
piping)
()
X
A
2. (Lubrication System)
()
X
X
W
()
R
250 A
()
R
250 A
() (Crankcase Breather)
X
R
X
S
3. (Cooling System)
()
X
X
W

88

() Heat
Xchanger
()
(Radiator)

()

()

() (Water pump)
()
(Condition of flexible
hoses and connection)
() ,

X = (Action)

R = (Replace, if needed)
W =
M=
Q = 3

S = 6
A =

X
W
X

M
X

4. (Exhaust system)

()
()
(Drain condensate trap)
()
AluminumJacket
() Excessive backpressure
() (Exhaust
system hangers and
supports)

A
A

89

X = (Action)

R = (Replace, if needed)
W =
M=
Q = 3

S = 6
A =

X
S

() (Flexible
exhaust pipe)
5. (Battery system)

() Electrolyte

()

()
Electrolyte

()

6. (Electrical system)

()
()
(ControlConnections)
(Power wiring
connection)
()

()

()
()

X
X

S
S

90

() Main contacts

() Voltage sensing

()

X = (Action)

R = (Replace, if needed)
W =
M=
Q = 3

S = 6
A =

X
X
A
X

3 750

7. (Prime mover)

()

()

() Governor

()

()
30
()
30% Nameplate Kw
30
()
- 50%
Nameplate Kw 30

- 75%
Nameplate Kw 60

() 1
- 30% Name
plate KW 30

3 36

91

X = (Action)

R = (Replace, if needed)
W =
M=
Q = 3

S = 6
A =

- 50% Name
plate KW 30
- 100% Name plate KW
60

() (Valve clearance)

() (Torque bolts)

750 3
750 3

8. (Generator)

()

() (Bearings)

() Exciter

()

()
Insulation
tester(Megger)

92

.

,
(Alternating current (a.c.) generator)

(Marine use), (aircraft) (Land vehicles)
(Locomotives)
.1 (Prime movers)

Flexible coupling Flexible drive disc
:.1.1 (Prime movers) (Compression ignition engines)
:-
-
-
-
-
- (Generator short circuit
characteristics)
- (Cooling systems)
-
- (Maintenance requirements)
- (Waste heat utilization)
.1.2 (AC generator) 2 Synchronous
Asynchronous

- (Voltage characteristics) (Power factor)
(Normal operation)
- (Excitation system)
- (Short circuit behavior - electrical and mechanical)
-
- (Generator design and enclosure type)
- (Parallel operation behavior)
- (Maintenance requirements)

93
.1.3
.1.4

, ,

:- , ,

- (Air intake system)

- (Exhaust gas system) (Exhaust silencer),
(Exhaust pipe), (Flexible exhaust pipe)
- (Lubricating oil system)
- , (Fuel day
tank), (Fuel storage tank), , ,
,
- (Skid
mounted radiator), (Remote radiator),
(Heat exchanger),
- (Soundproof system) Air inlet sound attenuator, Air outlet
sound attenuator, , (Acoustic door)
- (Ventilation system) (Radiator fan),
(Air duct), Air outlet grill, Air inlet grill, (Ventilation fan)
- (Vibration isolator)
-

.2 (Modes of operation)
:.2.1 (Continuous operation at varying load)

(Without time limit)

.2.2 (Continuous operation at constant load)

(Without time limit) (Base

load) (Combined heat), (Power plant)
.2.3 (Limited time operation at varying
load)

94
.2.4

(Limited time operation at constant load)

(Peak shaving load management)

(Constant load) (Peak power consumption)

.3
.3.1 (Mean sea level) 1,000 300
.3.2 35
.3.3 60
.4 (Rating)
.4.1 (Continuous power (COP) Base load power)
100

, ,

.1

.1 (Continuous power (COP) Base load power)

.4.2

(Prime power (PRP))

:- (Unlimited Running Time Prime Power)
(Variable
Load Applications) 70

95
10 1 12
25 500
,
.2

.2 (Prime power : PRP)

- (Limited Time running power : LTP)
(constant) 100
750
.3
(Continuous power
Base load power)

96

.3 Limited-Time running Power (LTP)

.4.3

(Emergency standby power : ESP)

(Variable Load
Applications) 80 200 100
25
(Prime power : PRP) .4

.4 (Emergency standby power : ESP)

97
.5 (Performance class) 4
.5.1 G1 (Class G1)
(Voltage) (Frequency)
(Lighting system) (Other simple electrical loads)
.5.2 G2 (ClassG2)
(Temporary
but acceptable deviations of voltage and frequency) (Lighting
system), , (Hoists)
.5.3 G3 (Class G3)
(The stability and level) , (Waveform
characteristics) (Non Linear Load) ,
(Telecommunications) Thyristor-controlled loads
(Generator-voltage waveform)
.5.4 G4 (Class G4)
, (Exceptionally severe)
Data-processing equipment
.1 G1, G2, G3 G4
Performance class
Frequency drop
Steady state frequency band
Maximum frequency dip
Maximum frequency rise
Frequency recovery time
Steady state voltage deviation
Maximum voltage dip
Maximum voltage rise
Voltage recovery time

G1
< 8%
< 2.5%
> -15%
< +18%
< 10 sec.
< 5%
<-25%
< +35%
< 10 sec.

G2
< 5%
< 1.5%
< -10%
< +12%
< 5 sec.
< 2.5%
< -20%
< +25%
< 6 sec.

G3
< 3%
< 0.5%
< -7%
< +10%
< 3 sec.
< 1%
< -15%
< +20%
< 4 sec.

G4
AMC
AMC
AMC
AMC
AMC
AMC
AMC
AMC
AMC

AMC = (By agreement between manufacturer

and customer)

98

.1 1 .1 Flexible exhaust
pipe 5 24 , Critical grade muffler (Inlet) 6
, (Exhaust pipe) 6 20 90 o Long radius elbow
6 (Specification sheet Engine data sheet)
(Exhaust gas flow) 2,715
Maximum allowable exhaust back pressure 41 inch. WC (water
column) Total exhaust back pressure

.1.1 Exhaust back pressure (Muffler)

() .1 Cross sectional area (Inlet diameter)
6 0.1963
.1 (CROSS SECTIONAL
AREA OF OPENING OF VARIOUS DIAMETERS)
DIAMETER OF
MUFFLER
INLET (INCHES)
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
5

AREA OF
MUFFLER
INLET (FT2)
0.0218
0.0341
0.0491
0.0668
0.0873
0.1363

DIAMETER OF
MUFFLER
INLET (INCHES)
6
8
10
12
18

AREA OF
MUFFLER
INLET (FT2)
0.1963
0.3491
0.5454
0.7854
1.767

() (Exhaust gas velocity)

= 2,715
0.1963
= 13,831
() .2 The critical grade muffler Back
pressure 21.5 (WC)

99
.1.2

Equivalent lengths Fittings Flexible exhaust pipe

.2 ()(EQUIVALENT
LENGTHS OF PIPE FITTING IN FEET (METERS)
TYPE OF
FITTING
90o
Standard
Elbow
90o
Medium
Radius
Elbow
90o Long
Radius
Elbow
45o Elbow
TEE, Side
Inlet or
Outlet
18 Inch
Flexible
Tube
24 Inch
Flexible
Tube

2
(50)
5.2
(1.6)

2.5
(65)
6.2
(1.9)

3
(80)
7.7
(2.3)

3.5
(90)
9.6
(2.9)

NOMINAL INCH (MILLIMETER) PIPE SIZE

4
5
6
8
10
12
(100) (125) (150) (200) (250) (300)
10
13
15
21
26
32
(3.0) (4.0) (4.6) (6.4) (7.9) (9.8)

4.6
(1.4)

5.4
(1.6)

6.8
(2.1)

8
(2.4)

9
(2.7)

11
(3.4)

13
(4.0)

18
(5.5)

22
(6.7)

26
(7.9)

32
(9.8)

35
(10.7)

40
(12.2)

3.5
(1.1)

4.2
(1.3)

5.2
(1.6)

6
(1.8)

6.8
(2.1)

8.5
(2.6)

10
(3.0)

14
(4.3)

17
(5.2)

20
(6.1)

24
(7.3)

26
(7.9)

31
(9.4)

2.4
(0.7)
10
(3.0)

2.9
(0.9)
12
(3.7)

3.6
(1.1)
16
(4.9)

4.2
(1.3)
18
(5.5)

4.7
(1.4)
20
(6.1)

5.9
(1.8)
25
(7.6)

7.1
(2.2)
31
(9.4)

6
(1.8)
44
(13)

8
(2.4)
56
(17)

9
(2.7)
67
(20)

17
(5.2)
78
(23.8)

19
(5.8)
89
(27.1)

22
(6.7)
110
(33.5)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
3
(0.9) (0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

3
(0.9)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

4
(1.2)

14
(350)
37
(11.3)

16
(400)
42
(12.8)

18
(450)
47
(14.3)

() (Equivalent length) Flexible exhaust pipe 5

24 4
() (Equivalent length) Long radius elbow 6
1 10
.1.3

(Exhaust back pressure) 1

5 6 .3
() (Exhaust back pressure) 5
0.35 (WC) / ft
() (Exhaust back pressure) 6
0.145 (WC) / ft

100
.1.4

.1.5

(Total exhaust back pressure)

() (Muffler) 21.5 (WC)

() (Exhaust pipe) 6 20 (20 x 0.145) 2.9 (WC)
() Flexible exhaust pipe 5 1 (4 x 0.35) 1.4 (WC)
() Long radius elbow 6 1 (10 x 0.145) 1.45 (WC)
(Total exhaust back pressure) 27.25 (WC)
:- (Total exhaust back pressure) 27.25
(Inch. WC) (Maximum allowable exhaust
back pressure) 41
(Exhaust pipe) 6
(Total exhaust back pressure)
(Maximum allowable exhaust back pressure)
(Total exhaust back pressure)

.2 2
(Radiated heat to room 8,764 BTU/min,
(Exhaust pipe) 6 20 , (Flexible exhaust
pipe) 2 (Muffler) 6
(Alternator) 5,700 cfm.,
(Combustion air flow requirement) 2,775 cfm.
, (Heat from wall, roof, lighting) 10 KW
35 oC
40oC
(Cooling system air flow or Radiator cooling air)
60,000 cfm.
40oC ()
.2.1 1: (H e)
(Radiated heat) (H e) = 8,764 BTU/min
.2.2 2: (Muffler)
(Exhaust piping)
(Generator set
room)

(Flexible exhaust pipe) 6 2
(Equivalent length = 2 x 2 = 4 )
(H p1) = 4 x 164 = 656 BTU/min

101
6 20 (H p2)
=20 x 164 = 3,280 BTU/min
(Muffler) 6 (H p3) = 1,944 BTU/min
(Muffler) (Exhaust pipe)
H p = H p1 + H p2 + Hp3
= 656 + 3,280 + 1,944
= 5,880 BTU/min
.3

(Estimated Heat Emitted from Uninsulated Exhaust Piping and

Mufflers)
Pipe Diameter Inches (mm) Heat Form Pipe Btu/min/ft Heat From Muffler Btu/min
(kJ/min/m)
(kJ/min)
3 (76)
87 (301)
922 (973)
3.5 (98)
99 (343)
1047 (1105)
4 (102)
112 (388)
1175 (1240)
5 (127)
139 (481)
1501 (1584)
6 (152)
164 (568)
1944 (2051)
8 (203)
213 (737)
2993 (3158)
10 (254)
268 (928)
3668 (3870)
12 (305)
318 (1101)
5463 (5764)
14 (356)
367 (1270)
8233 (8686)
.2.3
.2.4

.2.5

3: (H Aux)
(Heat from wall, roof, lighting)
= 10 KW
4:

:H TOT = H e + H p + H AUX
.. (1)
= 8,764 + 5,880 + 570
BTU/min
= 14,644
BTU/min
5:

(Maximum outdoor temperature (MAX T
out)) (Maximum acceptable
room temperature (Max T room))

102
T

.2.6
.2.7

.2.8

= Max T room - MAX T out

(2)
o
o
= 40 C 35 C
= 104oF 95oF
= 9oF
6: (Alternator cooling
air requirement)
(Alternator cooling air) 5,700 cfm.
7 : (Combustion air
flow requirement)
Engine data sheet (Intake air
flow) 2,775 cfm.
8 :

H TOT
Q room
=
. (3)
(Cp ) ( T) (d)
Where Q room
H TOT
Cp
T
d

Q room

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

Minimum forced ventilation air flow

cfm.
Total heat emitted to room (STEP 4)
14,644
BTU/min
Specific heat
0.241
BTU/Ib/oF
Generator set room temperature rise (STEP 5)
9oF
density of air
0.0750
ib/ft3
14,644
cfm
=
0.241 9 0.075
=
90,019.98
cfm.

6 7
Q TOT
= Q room +Q air + Q com
= 90,019.98 + 5,700 + 2,775 cfm.

98,494.98

103
.2.9

9: (Auxiliary ventilation
fan requirement)
60,000 cfm.
(98,494.98)
(Auxiliary ventilation fan)
40oC
98,494.98 60,000 cfm. = 38,494.98 cfm.

.3 3 500 KVA.
(Combustion air) 1,300 .,
(Cooling system air flow) 24,000 .
(Inlet air velocity) 700
(Outlet air velocity) 1,050 (Free area)
(Inlet air) (Outlet air)
.3.1
() Combustion air
= 1,300
cfm.
() Cooling system air flow = 24,000
cfm.
() Inlet air velocity
= 700
ft / min
() Outlet air velocity
= 1,050
ft / min
.3.2
() (Free area of air outlet)
:Q = AV
Q = Cooling system air flow
= 24,000 cfm.
V = Outlet air velocity
= 1,050 ft / min
A = Free area of outlet air
=
ft2

24,000
= 1,050 A
A = 24,000 ft 2
1,050
= 22.86 ft2
2.10m2
() (Free area of air Inlet)
:- Q
= AV
Q
= Cooling system air flow + Combustion air
= 24,000 + 1,300 cfm.
= 25,300
cfm.

104
V

=
=
A
=
=
25,300 =
A
=

Inlet air velocity

700
ft/min
Free area of Inlet air
ft2
700 A
25,300 ft 2
700
= 36.14 ft2
3.32m2
.4 4 24 V.DC 12
V.DC 2 3.1 ( 3) 375
, (Cable connection) 6

()
- Starter solenoid contact (R contact) 0.0002
- (R connection) 6 0.00001 0.00006

()
:- Maximum allowable cable resistance = 0.002 - R connection - R contact
= 0.002 0.0002 0.00006
= 0.00174

.4 #1/0 AWG (American Wire gauge) 2 (2 # 1/0 AWG cable in parallel)

105

.1

106

.2
(Typical Muffler Exhaust back Pressure vs. Gas Velocity)

107

.3
(Exhaust Back Pressure in Nominal Inch (mm) Pipe Diameters)

108

.4
(Resistance vs. Length for Various AWG Cable Sizes)

.5 (Load bank)
Resistive AC load bank
1.0 0.8
(Prime mover) Full KVA
1.0 500 KVA.
0.8 400 (KW) Pure resistive load
1.0 Resistive

500 KVA. 0.8 400 (KW) 1.0

500 KVA (400 KW)
0.8, 380 V, 3, 50 HZ
759.69

400 KVA (400 KW)

1.0, 380 V, 3, 50 HZ
607.75

(Load bank)

109
.3 V1 I1 cos
P1
=
P1
= 500 x 0.80
= 400
KW
= 400 x 1,000
= 400,000
V1
=
= 380

3
= 1.732
I1
=
=

Cos0
=
= 0.8
400,000 = 1.732 x 380 x I1 x 0.8
400,000
I1
=
1.732 380 0.8
= 759.69

(Load bank) :3 V2 I 2 cos

P2
=
P2
= 400
KW
= 400 1,000
=
400,000
V2
= 380

3
= 1.732
I2
= (Load bank)
=

cos0
=
= 1.0
400,000 = 1.732 380 I2 1.0
400,000
I2
=
1.732 380 1.0
= 607.75

400 500
0.8, 380 , 50 (Load bank) 400
1.0 (Prime
mover) 400
1.0

110

. (Environmental)

.1
.1.1
(Noise)
, , ,

,
(Soundproof system) Air inlet sound attenuator, Air
outlet sound attenuator, (Exhaust muffler)

.1.2
15 (.. 2540)
:- 115
- 24 70
29 (.. 2550)
- 10
- 10

-
10

.. 2548 :- 24 70
- 115
- 10

.. 2549
8 85
.2

111

: ,
, , , , ,
, , (Inspection)


NFPA 30 Flammable and Combustible Liquids code
NFPA 37 Standard for the Installation and use of stationary combustion engines and
gas turbines
BS 799 : Part 5 Specification for oil storage tanks
BS 2594 Specification for carbon steel welded horizontal cylindrical storage tanks

.. 2542
.. 2542
.. 2551


.. 2542
3
-
60o C
- 37.8o C 60o C
-
37.8o C
.1

37.8
37.8
60
60

112
3 :(1) 1
40
227 454
(2) 2
40 454
227 1,000 454
15,000
(3) 3
454
1,000 15,000
500,000

- 1
- 2
- 3

- .
- .

.. 2551
1

2 (1)

- (1)
1.50
0.60

93


93
:(1) 6.80
3A 40B

113


(2)

(3) 20

:(1)
, ,
(2)
2.50
(3) 2.00

.1
3 (2)
.2

114
.2

()

()

93

93

1,000
0.60
1,000 3,000
0.60
3,000
0.60
15,000
7,500
0.60
7,500
0.60
15,000
* ..

1.50
1.50
1.50

1.50
3.00
4.50

1.50
1.50

1.50
3.00

.3
.3

93

93

()
1,000

1,000 3,000

3,000 15,000

()

1.50
3.00
4.50

7,500

7,500 15,000

1.50
3.00

* ..

115

.2


50.00

2,500
:(1)
(2)
(3) (1) (2)
1 100
:(1) (yield stress) 1.5
(allowable stress)

116
(2)

(3)
(4) 0.50
(5) 0.60
(6)
3.00
(7) (compartments)

:() 40.00
() 4.00
1.50
(8) 1.50

(9) .

:(1) (yield stress) 1.5

(allowable stress)

(2)

(3)
(4)

(5)

(6) 1.50
(7) .

117

20.6 (3 )
34.5 (5 )
-
-



:(1)

(2)

(3)

(4) :()

()

()

(5) :()
()
()

(6)


:(1)

(2) 345
(50 )

7 (4)

118

2
93

:(1) 6.80
3A
40B

(2)

(3) 200
4 (3)
.. 2551 ()
.3

, ,
,

.3.1 10 (.. 2538)

.. 2535

.3.2 12 (.. 2538)

.. 2535

.3.3 21 (.. 2544)

.. 2535

.3.4 24 (.. 2547)

.3.5 28 (.. 2550)

119
.3.6
.3.7

33 (.. 2552)

36 (.. 2553)
2.5

.4 ..
2535, .. 2536 2 (.. 2539)
.. 2535,

.. 2552 .. 2550
- 200

-

120

.1 (System Arrangement)

.1.1 (System Arrangement) 150
kVA .1

.1 (System Arrangement)
150 kVA
.1.2

(System Arrangement) 150 kVA

.2

.2 (System Arrangement)
150 kVA

121

1. (Critical Branch)

2. (Electrical Life-Safety Equipment)

3. (Emergency System)

4. (Equipment System)

3
5. (Essential Electrical System)

6. 150 kVA
,
7. (Equipment System) 150 kVA

.2 (Essential Electrical System)

(Health care facility essential electrical systems)


,
, , , ,

.2.1 (Hospital)
.2.1.1
2
( Emergency System) ( Equipment System)

.2.1.2



(Maximum Demand) 150 KVA

122
.2.1.3

( Overload)

(Overload)
.2.1.4

, ,

(1)
(2) 2
(3) 2

(4) 2

.2.1.5 ,
MI
, ,

50 . (2 )
.2.1.6

.2.1.7

.2.1.8

, , ,
, , ,

.2.1.9

, ,
, , ,
, ,
, ,
.2.1.10 2
.2.1.11
.2.1.11.1
(Central Suction System)

123
.2.1.11.2
.2.1.11.3
.2.1.11.4
.2.1.11.5
.2.1.11.6
.2.1.11.7
.2.1.12
.2.1.12.1
.2.1.12.2
.2.1.12.3
.2.1.12.4
.2.1.12.5
.2.1.12.6
.2.1.13

.2.1.14

, , ,,
, , ,
,
, ,

HYPERBARIC HYPOBARIC

(Electrically-Heated Autoclaving)

(Transfer Fuel Pump)
(Louver)

2
,

.2.2
.2.2.1

.2.2.2
2

124
.2.2.3
.2.2.4

.2.2.5
.2.2.6
.2.2.7

.2.2.8
.2.2.8.1

.2.2.8.2
.2.2.8.3
.2.2.8.4
.2.2.8.5
.2.2.9
.2.2.9.1
.2.2.9.2
.2.2.9.3

, ,

(1)
(2) 2
(3) 2

10

,

(1)
(2)
(3) (Nurse Station)
(Sum Pump)

125
.2.2.10

.3
.3.1

.3.2