SDLC:

-Sof
t
war
eDevel
opmentLi
f
eCycl
e
I
ti
sapr
ocedur
et
odevel
opt
hesof
t
war
e.
I
ti
sapr
ocessofcr
eat
i
ngoral
t
er
i
ngsyst
emsandt
hemodel
sandmet
hodol
ogi
est
hatpeopl
euset
o
devel
opt
hesesyst
ems.
AnySDLCshoul
dr
esul
ti
nahi
ghqual
i
t
ysyst
em t
hatmeet
sorexceedscust
omerexpect
at
i
ons,r
eaches
compl
et
i
onwi
t
hi
nt
i
meandcostest
i
mat
es
,wor
ksef
f
ect
i
vel
yandef
f
i
ci
ent
l
yandi
si
nexpensi
vet
omai
nt
ai
n
andcostef
f
ect
i
vet
oenhance.
Di
f
f
er
entpr
ocedur
es/model
sar
eavai
l
abl
et
odevel
opasof
t
war
enamel
y
,

1)Wat
er
f
al
lmodel
I
ti
sat
r
adi
t
i
onalmodel
I
ti
sasequent
i
aldesi
gnpr
ocess
,of
t
enusedi
nSDLC,i
nwhi
cht
hepr
ogr
essi
sseenasf
l
owi
ngst
eadi
l
y
downwar
ds(l
i
keawat
er
f
al
l)
,t
hr
ought
hedi
f
f
er
entphasesasshowni
nt
hef
i
gur
e,
REQUI
REMENTS COLLECTI
ON

FEASI
BI
LI
TYSTUDY/ANALYSI
S

DESI
GN

CODI
NG/PROGRAMMI
NG

TESTI
NG

I
NSTALLATI
ON

MAI
NTAI
NENCE

Requi
r
ement
sCol
l
ect
i
on:
1|Page

-donebyBusi
nessAnal
yst
sandPr
oductAnal
yst
s
-gat
her
i
ngr
equi
r
ement
s
-t
r
ansl
at
esbusi
nessl
anguagei
nt
osof
t
war
el
anguage
Forex,l
etusconsi
dert
heexampl
eofabanki
ngsof
t
war
e.
Feasi
bi
l
i
t
ySt
udy:
-donebysof
t
war
et
eam consi
st
i
ngofpr
oj
ectmanager
s,busi
nessanal
yst
s,ar
chi
t
ect
s,f
i
nance,HR,
devel
oper
sbutnott
est
er
s
-ar
chi
t
ecti
st
heper
sonwhot
el
l
swhet
hert
hepr
oductcanbedevel
oped and i
fyes,t
henwhi
ch
t
echnol
ogyi
sbestsui
t
edt
odevel
opi
t
.
-her
ewecheckf
or
,
-t
echni
cal
f
easi
bi
l
i
t
y
-f
i
nanci
alf
easi
bi
l
i
t
y
-r
esour
cef
easi
bi
l
i
t
y
Desi
gn:
Ther
ear
e2st
agesi
ndesi
gn,
HLDHi
ghLevelDesi
gn
LLDLowLevelDesi
gn
HLDgi
vest
hear
chi
t
ect
ur
eoft
hesof
t
war
epr
oductt
obedevel
opedandi
sdonebyar
chi
t
ect
sandseni
or
devel
oper
s
LLDdonebyseni
ordevel
oper
s
.I
tdescr
i
beshoweachandever
yf
eat
ur
ei
nt
hepr
oducts
houl
dwor
kand
however
ycomponentshoul
dwor
k.Her
e,onl
yt
hedesi
gnwi
l
l
bet
her
eandnott
hecode.
Forex,l
etusconsi
dert
heexampl
eofbui
l
di
ngahouse.
Codi
ng/Pr
ogr
ammi
ng:
-donebyal
ldevel
oper
sseni
or
s
,j
uni
or
s
,f
r
esher
s
-t
hi
si
st
hepr
ocesswher
ewest
ar
tbui
l
di
ngt
hesof
t
war
eandst
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
hecodef
ort
hepr
oduct
.
Test
i
ng:
-donebyt
estengi
neer
s
-i
ti
st
hepr
ocessofchecki
ngf
oral
ldef
ect
sandr
ect
i
f
yi
ngi
t
.

I
nst
al
l
at
i
on:
-donebyi
nst
al
l
at
i
onengi
neer
s
2|Page

-t
oi
nst
al
lt
hepr
oductatacl
i
ent

spl
acef
orusi
ngaf
t
ert
hesof
t
war
ehasbeendevel
opedandt
est
ed.
Forex,consi
dert
heexampl
eofasof
t
war
et
obedev
el
opedandi
nst
al
l
edatRel
i
ancepet
r
olbunk.
Mai
nt
enance:
-her
east
hecust
omerusest
hepr
oduct
,hef
i
ndscer
t
ai
nbugsanddef
ect
sandsendst
hepr
oductback
f
orer
r
orcor
r
ect
i
onandbugf
i
xi
ng.
-bugf
i
xi
ngt
akespl
ace
-mi
norchangesl
i
keaddi
ng,del
et
i
ngormodi
f
yi
nganysmal
l
f
eat
ur
ei
nt
hesof
t
war
epr
oduct
100% t
est
i
ngi
snotposs
i
bl
ebecause,t
hewayt
est
er
st
estt
hepr
oducti
sdi
f
f
er
entf
r
om t
heway
cust
omer
suset
hepr
oduct
.

Ser
vi
cebasedcompani
esandPr
oductbasedcompani
es
Ser
vi
cebasedcompani
es:Theypr
ovi
deser
vi
ceanddevel
opsof
t
war
ef
orot
hercompani
es
Theypr
ovi
desof
t
war
ewhi
chi
sandspeci
f
i
edaspert
hecl
i
entcompany
sr
equi
r
ementandneverkeept
he
codeoft
hedevel
opedpr
oductanddoesnotpr
ovi
det
hesof
t
war
et
oanyot
hercompanyot
hert
hant
he
cl
i
entcompany.
ExWi
pr
o,I
nf
osys,TCS,Accent
ur
e
Pr
oductbasedcompani
es:
Thedevel
opsof
t
war
epr
oduct
sandsel
li
tt
omanycompani
eswhi
chmayneedt
hesof
t
war
eandmake
pr
of
i
t
sf
ort
hemsel
ves
Theyar
et
hesol
eowner
soft
hepr
oductt
heydevel
opandt
hecodeusedandsel
li
tt
oot
hercompani
es
whi
chmayneedt
hesof
t
war
e.
ExOr
acl
e,Mi
cr
osof
t

Dr
awbacksofWat
er
f
al
lModel:
I
nwat
er
f
al
lmodel
,backt
r
acki
ngi
snotpossi
bl
ei
.
e,wecannotbackandchanger
equi
r
ement
soncet
he
desi
gnst
agei
sr
eached.Thust
her
equi
r
ement
sar
ef
r
eez
edoncet
hedesi
gnoft
hesof
t
war
epr
oducti
s
st
ar
t
ed.Changei
nr
equi
r
ement
sl
eadst
ochangei
ndesi
gnt
husbugsent
ert
hedesi
gnwhi
chl
eadst
o
changei
ncodewhi
chr
es
ul
t
si
nmor
ebugs
.Thust
her
equi
r
ement
sar
ef
r
eez
edoncet
hedesi
gnoft
he
pr
oducti
sst
ar
t
ed.
Advant
ageofr
equi
r
ement
sf
r
eez
i
ngi
swegetast
abl
epr
oductbecauset
her
ei
snochangei
ndesi
gnand
code.
Dr
awbackofr
equi
r
ement
sf
r
eez
i
ngt
hecust
omermaynotbesat
i
sf
i
edi
ft
hechangesher
equi
r
esi
snot
i
ncor
por
at
edi
nt
hepr
oduct
.Theendr
esul
tofwat
er
f
al
l
modeli
snotaf
l
exi
bl
epr
oduct
.
Maj
ordr
awbackofwat
er
f
al
lmodelt
est
i
ngi
sasmal
lphas
ewhi
chi
sdoneaf
t
ercodi
ng.Requi
r
ementi
s
nott
est
ed,desi
gni
snott
est
ed,i
ft
her
ei
sabugi
nt
her
equi
r
ement
,i
tgoesont
i
l
lt
heendandl
eadst
ol
ot
ofr
ewor
k.
3|Page

Advant
agesofwat
er
f
al
lmodelr
equi
r
ement
sdonotchangenordoesdesi
gnandcode,sowegeta
st
abl
epr
oduct
.
Appl
i
cat
i
onsofwat
er
f
al
lmodel:
Usedi
ndevel
opi
ngasi
mpl
eappl
i
cat
i
on
-f
orshor
tt
er
m pr
oj
ect
s
-wheneverwear
esur
et
hatt
her
equi
r
ement
swi
l
l
notchange
Forex,wat
er
f
al
lmodelcanbeused i
ndevel
opi
ng asi
mpl
ecal
cul
at
orast
hef
unct
i
onsofaddi
t
i
on,
subt
r
act
i
onet
candt
henumber
swi
l
lnotchangef
oral
ongt
i
me.

2)SPI
RALMODEL
Thespi
r
almodeli
sshowni
nt
hef
i
gur
ei
nt
henextpage.
Ra-r
equi
r
ement
sanal
ysi
sofmodul
eA.Si
mi
l
ar
l
ywi
t
hRb,Rc,Rd.
Dadesi
gnofmodul
eA.Si
mi
l
ar
l
ywi
t
hDb,Dc,Dd
Cacodi
ngofmodul
eA.Si
mi
l
ar
l
ywi
t
hCb,Cc,Cd
Tat
est
i
ngofmodul
eA.Si
mi
l
ar
l
ywi
t
hTb,Tc,Td
I
nSpi
r
almodel
,t
hesof
t
war
epr
oducti
sdevel
opedi
nsmal
lmodul
es.Letusconsi
dert
hef
i
gur
eshown
bel
owi
ndevel
opi
ngas/
wpr
oductX.Xi
sbui
l
tbyi
nt
egr
at
i
ngA,
B,
CandD.
Themodul
eAr
equi
r
ement
soft
hemodul
ei
scol
l
ect
edf
i
r
standt
hent
hemodul
ei
sdesi
gned.Thecodi
ng
ofmodul
eAi
sdoneaf
t
erwhi
chi
ti
st
est
edf
ordef
ect
sandbugs.
Themodul
eBoncemodul
eAhasbeenbui
l
t
,west
ar
tt
hesamepr
ocessf
ormodul
eB.Butwhi
l
et
est
i
ng
modul
eB,wet
estf
or3condi
t
i
onsa)
t
estmodul
eBb)
t
esti
nt
egr
at
i
onofmodul
eBwi
t
hAc)
t
estmodul
eA.
Themodul
eCaf
t
erbui
l
di
ngmodul
eA,
B,west
ar
tt
hesamepr
ocessf
ormodul
eC.Her
ewet
estf
ort
he
f
ol
l
owi
ngcondi
t
i
ons1)t
estmodul
ec,b,a2)t
estf
ori
nt
egr
at
i
onofCandB,CandA,AandB.
Andt
hust
hecycl
econt
i
nuesf
ordi
f
f
er
entmodul
es
.Thusi
nt
heaboveexampl
e,modul
eBcanbebui
l
tonl
y
af
t
ermodul
eAhasbeenbui
l
tcor
r
ect
l
yandsi
mi
l
ar
l
yf
ormodul
eC.

DESI
GN

REQUI
REMENTSCOLLECTI
ON

4|Page

Rc
Dc
Cc

Rb

Db
Cb

CODI
NG

Ra
Da
Ca

Rd
Ta

Tb

Tc

TESTI
NG

Forspi
r
almodel
,t
hebestexampl
et
hatwecanconsi
deri
st
heMSExcelappl
i
cat
i
on.

TheMSExcelsheetconsi
st
sofanumberofcel
l
st
hatar
et
hecomponent
sofExcelsheet
.
Her
ewehavet
ocr
eat
et
hecel
l
sf
i
r
st(
modul
eA)
.Thenwecandooper
at
i
onsont
hecel
l
sl
i
kemer
gecel
l
s
i
nt
ot
wo,spl
i
tcel
li
nt
ohal
f(
modul
eB)
.Thenwecandr
awgr
aphsont
heexcel
sheet(
modul
eC)
.
Advant
agesofSpi
r
alModel:
1)Requi
r
ementchangesar
eal
l
owed.
2)Af
t
erwedevel
oponef
eat
ur
e/modul
eoft
hepr
oduct
,t
henandonl
yt
henwecangoont
odevel
opt
he
nextmodul
eoft
hepr
oduct
.
5|Page

Whenevert
hecust
omerr
equestf
ormaj
orchangesi
nr
equi
r
ement
si
napar
t
i
cul
armodul
e,t
henwechange
onl
yt
hatmodul
eanddot
est
i
ngofbot
huni
tandi
nt
egr
at
i
onofuni
t
s.Thi
schangei
nr
equi
r
ement
scomes
upi
nasepar
at
ecycl
ej
ustt
odot
hechanges
.
Whenevert
hecust
omerr
equestmi
norchangesi
nt
hepr
oduct
,t
hent
hes/
wt
eam makest
hemi
nor
changesal
ongwi
t
ht
henew modul
et
obedevel
opedsi
mul
t
aneousl
yi
nasi
ngl
ecycl
e.Wedon
tconsi
der
maki
ngt
hemi
norchangei
nasepar
at
ecycl
eoft
hespi
r
al
modelduet
ot
i
meandr
esour
ceconst
r
ai
nt
s.
Thedocument
scol
l
ect
edbyBusi
nessanal
yst
sdur
i
ngr
equi
r
ementcol
l
ect
i
onst
agei
sknownasCRS
(Cust
omerRequi
r
ementSpeci
f
i
cat
i
on)orBRS(Busi
nessRequi
r
ementSpeci
f
i
cat
i
on)orBS(Busi
ness
Speci
f
i
cat
i
on)
.I
nt
hi
sdocument,t
hecl
i
entexpl
ai
nshow t
hei
rbusi
nesswor
ksort
her
equi
r
ementoft
he
s/
w heneeds.TheBAgat
her
sCRSf
r
om t
hecl
i
entandt
r
ansl
at
esi
ti
nt
oSRS(Sof
t
war
eRequi
r
ement
Speci
f
i
cat
i
on)
.TheSRS cont
ai
nshow t
hesof
t
war
eshoul
dbedevel
opedandi
sgi
venbyt
heBA t
o
devel
oper
s.Formor
edet
ai
l
edexpl
anat
i
onofhowt
ogoaboutdevel
opi
ngt
hes/
w,t
heBA/
devel
operbui
l
ds
anot
herdocumentFS(Funct
i
onalSpeci
f
i
cat
i
on)
.FSexpl
ai
nshow eachandever
ycomponentshoul
d
wor
k.
Dr
awbacksofSpi
r
alModelTr
adi
t
i
onal
model
andt
husdevel
oper
sonl
ydi
dt
est
i
ngj
obaswel
l
.
Appl
i
cat
i
onsofSpi
r
alModel
-whenevert
her
ei
sdependencyi
nbui
l
di
ngt
hedi
f
f
er
entmodul
esoft
hesof
t
war
e,t
henweuseSpi
r
al
Model
.
-whenevert
hecust
omergi
vest
her
equi
r
ement
si
nst
ages,wedevel
opt
hepr
oducti
nst
ages.

3)VMODEL/V&VMODEL(
Ver
i
f
i
cat
i
onandVal
i
dat
i
onModel)
Thi
smodelcameupi
nor
dert
oover
comet
hedr
awbackofwat
er
f
al
lmodelher
et
est
i
ngst
ar
t
sf
r
om t
he
r
equi
r
ementst
agei
t
sel
f
.
TheV&Vmodeli
sshowni
nt
hef
i
gur
ei
nt
henextpage.
1) I
nt
hef
i
r
stst
age,t
hecl
i
entsendt
heCRSbot
ht
odevel
oper
sandt
est
er
s.Thedevel
oper
st
r
ansl
at
et
he
CRSt
ot
heSRS.
Thet
es
t
er
sdot
hef
ol
l
owi
ngt
est
sonCRS,
1.Revi
ewCRS
a.conf
l
i
ct
si
nt
her
equi
r
ement
s
b.mi
ssi
ngr
equi
r
ement
s
c.wr
ongr
equi
r
ement
s
2.Wr
i
t
eAccept
anceTestpl
an
3.Wr
i
t
eAccept
anceTestcases
Thet
est
i
ngt
eam r
evi
ewst
heCRSandi
dent
i
f
i
esmi
st
akesanddef
ect
sandsendi
tt
ot
hedevel
opment
t
eam f
orcor
r
ect
i
ng t
he bugs
.The devel
opmentupdat
es t
he CRS and cont
i
nues devel
opi
ng SRS
si
mul
t
aneousl
y.
6|Page

2)I
nt
henextst
age,t
heSRSi
ssentt
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam f
orr
evi
ewandt
hedevel
oper
sst
ar
tbui
l
di
ngt
he
HLDoft
hepr
oduct
.Thet
est
er
sdot
hef
ol
l
owi
ngt
est
sonSRS,
1.Revi
ewSRSagai
nstCRS
a.ever
yCRSi
sconver
t
edt
oSRS
b.CRSnotconver
t
edpr
oper
l
yt
oSRS
2.Wr
i
t
eSyst
em Testpl
an
3.Wr
i
t
eSyst
em Testcase
Thet
es
t
i
ngt
eam r
evi
ewsever
ydet
ai
l
oft
heSRSi
ft
heCRShasbeenconver
t
edpr
oper
l
yt
oSRS.
3)I
nt
henextst
age,t
hedevel
oper
ss
t
ar
tbui
l
di
ngt
heLLDoft
hepr
oduct
.Thet
est
er
sdot
hef
ol
l
owi
ng
t
est
sonHLD,
1.Revi
ewHLD
2.Wr
i
t
eI
nt
egr
at
i
ont
estpl
an
3.Wr
i
t
eI
nt
egr
at
i
ont
estcase
4)I
nt
henextst
age,t
hedevel
oper
sst
ar
twi
t
ht
hecodi
ngoft
hepr
oduct
.Thet
est
i
ngt
eam car
r
i
esoutt
he
f
ol
l
owi
ngt
asks,
1.Revi
ewLLD
2.Wr
i
t
eFunct
i
onalt
estpl
an
3.Wr
i
t
eFunct
i
onalTestcase
Af
t
ercodi
ng,t
hedevel
oper
st
hemsel
vescar
r
youtuni
tt
est
i
ngoral
soknownaswhi
t
eboxt
est
i
ng.Her
e
t
hedevel
oper
scheckeachandever
yl
i
neofcodeandi
ft
hecodei
scor
r
ect
.Af
t
erwhi
t
eboxt
est
i
ng,t
he
s/
w pr
oducti
ssentt
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam whi
cht
est
st
hes/
w pr
oductandcar
r
i
esoutf
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ng,
i
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng,syst
em t
est
i
ngandaccept
ancet
est
i
ngandf
i
nal
l
ydel
i
vert
hepr
oductt
ot
hecl
i
ent
.

CRS

ACCEPTANCE
TESTI
NG

SRS

SYSTEM TESTI
NG

HLD
I
NTEGRATI
ONTESTI
NG
7|Page

LLD
FUNCTI
ONALTESTI
NG

CODI
NG

UNI
TTESTI
NGorWHI
TEBOXTESTI
NG

DEVELOPERS

Test
i
ngt
eam
t
est
st
he
f
i
ni
shed
pr
oduct

TESTERS

Howt
ohandl
er
equi
r
ementchangesi
nV&V:
Whenevert
her
ei
schangei
nr
equi
r
ement
,t
hesamepr
ocedur
econt
i
nuesandt
hedocument
swi
l
lbe
updat
ed.
Advant
agesofV&Vmodel
1)Tes
t
i
ngst
ar
t
si
nver
year
l
yst
agesofpr
oductdevel
opmentwhi
chavoi
dsdownwar
df
l
ow ofdef
ect
s
whi
chi
nt
ur
nr
educesl
otofr
ewor
k
2)Test
i
ngi
si
nvol
vedi
never
ys
t
ageofpr
oductdevel
opment
3)Del
i
ver
abl
esar
epar
al
l
el
/
si
mul
t
aneousasdevel
oper
sar
ebui
l
di
ngSRS,t
est
er
sar
et
es
t
i
ngCRSand
al
sowr
i
t
i
ngATPandATCandsoon.Thusast
hedevel
oper
sgi
vet
hef
i
ni
shedpr
oductt
ot
est
i
ngt
eam,t
he
t
est
i
ngt
eam i
sr
eadywi
t
hal
lt
het
estpl
ansandt
estcasesandt
hust
hepr
oj
ecti
scompl
et
edf
ast
.
8|Page

4)Tot
ali
nvest
menti
sl
essast
her
ei
snodownwar
df
l
owofdef
ect
s.Thust
her
ei
sl
essornor
ewor
k
Dr
awbacksofV&Vmodel
1)I
ni
t
i
ali
nves
t
menti
smor
ebecauser
i
ghtf
r
om t
hebegi
nni
ngt
est
i
ngt
eam i
sneeded
2)Mor
edocument
at
i
onwor
kbecauseoft
het
estpl
ansandt
estcasesandal
l
ot
herdocument
s
Appl
i
cat
i
onsofV&Vmodel
Wegof
orV&Vmodeli
nt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcases,
1)f
orl
ongt
er
m pr
oj
ect
s
2)f
orcompl
exappl
i
cat
i
ons
3)whencust
omeri
sexpect
i
ngaver
yhi
ghqual
i
t
ypr
oductwi
t
hi
nst
i
pul
at
edt
i
mef
r
amebecauseever
y
st
agei
st
est
edanddevel
oper
s&t
est
i
ngt
eam ar
ewor
ki
ngi
npar
al
l
el

4)PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENT MODEL

Ther
equi
r
ement
sar
ecol
l
ect
edf
r
om t
hecl
i
enti
nat
ext
ualf
or
mat
.Thepr
ot
ot
ypeoft
hes/
w pr
oducti
s
devel
oped.Thepr
ot
ot
ypei
sj
ustani
mage/pi
ct
ur
eoft
her
equi
r
eds/
wpr
oduct
.Thecust
omercanl
ookat
t
hepr
ot
ot
ypeandi
fhei
snotsat
i
sf
i
ed,t
henhecanr
equestmor
echangesi
nt
her
equi
r
ement
s
.
Pr
ot
ot
ypet
est
i
ngmeansdevel
oper
s
/t
est
er
sar
echecki
ngi
fal
l
t
hecomponent
sment
i
onedar
eexi
st
i
ng.
Thedi
f
f
er
enceb/
wpr
ot
ot
ypet
est
i
ngandact
ualt
est
i
ngi
nPTT,wear
echecki
ngi
fal
lt
hecomponent
sar
e
exi
st
i
ng,wher
eas,i
nATTwechecki
fal
lcomponent
sar
ewor
ki
ng.

REQUI
REMENTSCOLLECTI
ON

DESI
GNANDDEVELOPMENTOFPROTOTYPE
DEFECTSAND
CHANGES
PROTOYPE TESTI
NG

CUSTOMER REVI
EW

DESI
GN

9|Page

APPROVAL

Fr
om
REQUI
REMENTCOLLECTI
ONt
o
CUSTOMER REVI
EW
,t
ext
ualf
or
mathasbeenconver
t
edt
o
i
magef
or
mat
.I
ti
ssi
mpl
yext
endedr
equi
r
ementcol
l
ect
i
onst
age.Act
ualdesi
gnst
ar
t
sf
r
om
DESI
GN
st
age.
Pr
ot
ot
ypedevel
opmentwasear
l
i
erdonebydevel
oper
s.But
,now i
ti
sdonebywebdesi
gner
s/
cont
ent
devel
oper
s.Theydevel
oppr
ot
ot
ypeoft
hepr
oductusi
ngsi
mpl
er
eadymadet
ool
s.Pr
ot
ot
ypei
ssi
mpl
yan
i
mageoft
heact
ualpr
oductt
obedevel
oped.
Advant
agesofPr
ot
ot
ypemodel
1)I
nt
hebegi
nni
ngi
t
sel
f
,wesett
heexpect
at
i
onoft
hecl
i
ent
.
2)Ther
ei
scl
earcommuni
cat
i
onb/
w devel
opmentt
eam andcl
i
entast
ot
her
equi
r
ement
sandt
hef
i
nal
out
comeoft
hepr
oj
ect
3)Maj
oradvant
agei
scust
omerget
st
heoppor
t
uni
t
yi
nt
hebegi
nni
ngi
t
sel
ft
oaskf
orchangesi
n
r
equi
r
ement
sasi
ti
seasyt
odor
equi
r
ementchangesi
npr
ot
ot
yper
at
hert
hanr
ealappl
i
cat
i
ons.Thuscost
s
ar
el
essandexpect
at
i
onsar
emet
.
10|Page

Dr
awbacksofPr
ot
ot
ypemodel
1)Ther
ei
sdel
ayi
nst
ar
t
i
ngt
her
eal
pr
oj
ect
2)Toi
mpr
ovet
hecommuni
cat
i
on,t
her
ei
sani
nvest
mentneededi
nbui
l
di
ngt
hepr
ot
ot
ype.
Appl
i
cat
i
ons
Weuset
hi
smodelwhen,
1)Cust
omeri
snewt
ot
hes/
w
2)Whendevel
oper
sar
enewt
ot
hedomai
n
3)Whencust
omeri
snotcl
earabouthi
sownr
equi
r
ement
Ther
ear
e2t
y
pesofpr
ot
ot
ype,
St
at
i
cPr
ot
ot
ypeent
i
r
epr
ot
ot
ypeoft
her
equi
r
ementi
sst
or
edi
nawor
ddocumentwi
t
hexpl
anat
i
onand
snapshot
sandi
nst
r
uct
i
onsonhow t
ogoaboutbui
l
di
ngt
hes/
w,how t
hef
i
ni
shedpr
oductwi
l
ll
ookl
i
ke
andi
t
swor
ki
nget
c.
Dynami
cPr
ot
ot
ypesi
mi
l
art
oabr
owser
,butwecan
tent
eranyi
nf
or
mat
i
on.Onl
yt
hef
eat
ur
esar
e
avai
l
abl
ewi
t
houtent
er
i
ngdat
a.I
t

sl
i
keadummypage,madeoutofHTMLwi
t
ht
agsandl
i
nkst
odi
f
f
er
ent
pagesr
epr
esent
i
ngf
eat
ur
esoft
hepr
oj
ect
5)Der
i
vedmodelorCust
omi
z
edmodelwecant
akeanyoft
heabove4model
sandchangei
tasper
busi
nessneedsandr
equi
r
ement
s

6)HYBRI
DMODEL
I
tcombi
nes2ormor
emodel
sandmodi
f
yt
hem asperbusi
nessr
equi
r
ement
s
.
A)Hybr
i
dmodelofSpi
r
alandPr
ot
ot
ypedevel
opmentmodel
s

11|Page

Wegof
ort
hi
smodelwhen,
1)Whenevert
her
ei
sdependency
,wegof
ort
hi
shy
br
i
dmodel
2)Whent
hecust
omergi
vesr
equi
r
ementi
nst
ages
,wedevel
opt
hepr
oducti
nst
agesusi
ngt
hi
s
hybr
i
dmodel
.
3)Whent
hecust
omeri
snewt
ot
hes/
wdomai
n
4)Whendevel
oper
sar
enewt
ot
hedomai
n
5)Whencust
omeri
snotcl
earabouthi
sownr
equi
r
ement
s
Hybr
i
dmodelofV&VandPr
ot
ot
ypemodel
Wegof
ort
hi
smodelwhen,
1)Test
i
ngst
ar
t
sf
r
om ear
l
yst
agesofpr
oductdevel
opmentwhi
chavoi
dsdownwar
df
l
ow ofdef
ect
s,t
hus
r
educi
ngr
ewor
k.
2)Whencust
omeri
sexpect
i
ngaver
yhi
ghqual
i
t
ypr
oductwi
t
hi
nst
i
pul
at
edt
i
mef
r
amebecauseever
y
st
agei
st
est
edanddevel
oper
sandt
est
i
ngt
eam wor
ki
npar
al
l
el
.
3)Whencl
i
entanddevel
oper
sar
ebot
hnewt
ot
hedomai
n
12|Page

4)Whencust
omeri
snotcl
earabouthi
sownr
equi
r
ement
s
I
nt
hi
shybr
i
dmodel
,t
het
est
i
ngt
eam i
si
nvol
vedi
nt
est
i
ngt
hepr
ot
ot
ype.

ACCEPTANCE
TESTI
NG

CRS

SYSTEM TESTI
NG,TEST
PROTOTYPE,FI
ND
DEFECTSANDSENDSI
T
BACK

SRS,DESI
GNAND
DEVELOPMENTOF
PROTOTYPE
Changes
And
def
ect
s

I
NTEGRATI
ON
TESTI
NG

CLI
ENT REVI
EWSI
TAND
APPROVESI
T

FUNCTI
ONAL
TESTI
NG
HLD
13|Page

LLD

WHI
TEBOXTESTI
NGORUNI
T

DEVELOPERS

TESTERS

I
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONS
1)Whati
sSDLC?
2)Whatar
et
hedi
f
f
er
entmodel
savai
l
abl
e?
ANS)Tel
lt
he1st6model
sand 7)
RUPRat
i
onalUni
f
i
edPr
ocessModel
Model9)RADRapi
dAppl
i
cat
i
onDevel
opment

8)Agi
l
e

3)Advant
ages,Di
sadvant
agesandAppl
i
cat
i
onsofeachmodel
4)Amodelf
orever
ypr
oj
ecti
nourr
esume>f
or3pr
oj
ect
swedo,bepr
epar
edt
ot
el
l
whi
chmodelweusedf
oreachpr
oj
ectandwhyweusedt
hatpar
t
i
cul
armodelonl
y.
Themostcommonanswerwecant
el
lweusedahybr
i
dof
soandsomodelf
ort
he
r
easonssuchascl
i
entwasnotsur
eofhi
sr
equi
r
ement
s,et
c.

14|Page

Def
i
ni
t
i
onofSof
t
war
eTest
i
ng
I
ti
s a pr
ocess off
i
ndi
ng ori
dent
i
f
yi
ng def
ect
si
n s/
w i
s cal
l
ed s/
w t
est
i
ng.I
ti
s ver
i
f
yi
ng t
he
f
unct
i
onal
i
t
y(
behavi
or
)oft
heappl
i
cat
i
on(
s/
w)agai
ns
tr
equi
r
ement
sspeci
f
i
cat
i
on.I
ti
st
heexecut
i
onoft
he
s/
w wi
t
ht
he i
nt
ent
i
on off
i
ndi
ng def
ect
s
.I
ti
s checki
ng whet
hert
he s/
w wor
ks accor
di
ng t
ot
he
r
equi
r
ement
s.
Ther
ear
e3t
ypesofs/
wt
est
i
ng,namel
y,
1)Whi
t
eboxt
est
i
ngal
socal
l
eduni
tt
est
i
ngorst
r
uct
ur
alt
est
i
ngorgl
assboxt
est
i
ngort
r
anspar
ent
t
est
i
ngoropenboxt
est
i
ng
2)Gr
eyboxt
est
i
ng
3)Bl
ackboxt
est
i
ngal
socal
l
edasf
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngorbehavi
or
alt
est
i
ng

WHI
TE BOXTESTI
NG(
WBT)
Ent
i
r
eWBTi
sdonebydevel
oper
s
.I
ti
st
het
est
i
ngofeachand ever
yl
i
neofcodei
nt
hepr
ogr
am.
Devel
oper
sdoWBT,sendst
hes/
wt
ot
est
i
ngt
eam.Thet
est
i
ngt
eam doesbl
ackboxt
est
i
ngandchecks
t
hes/
wagai
nstr
equi
r
ement
sandf
i
ndsanydef
ect
sandsendsi
tt
ot
hedevel
oper
.Thedevel
oper
sf
i
xest
he
def
ectanddoesWBTandsendsi
tt
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam.Fi
xi
ngdef
ectmeanst
hedef
ecti
sr
emovedandt
he
f
eat
ur
ei
swor
ki
ngf
i
ne.
Testengi
neer
sshoul
dnotbei
nvol
vedi
nf
i
xi
ngt
hebugbecause,
1)i
ft
heyspendt
i
mei
nf
i
xi
ngt
hebug,t
heyl
oset
i
met
ocat
chsomemor
eot
herdef
ect
si
nt
hes/
w
2)f
i
xi
ngadef
ectmi
ghtbr
eakal
otofot
herf
eat
ur
es.Thus,t
est
er
sshoul
dal
waysi
dent
i
f
ydef
ect
sand
devel
oper
sshoul
dal
waysbei
nvol
vedi
nf
i
xi
ngdef
ect
s.
15|Page

WBTconsi
st
soft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngt
est
s:
a)Pat
ht
est
i
ng
Wr
i
t
ef
l
owgr
aphsandt
estal
lt
hei
ndependentpat
hs
.

Wr
i
t
i
ngf
l
owgr
aphsmeansf
l
owgr
aphsmeansr
epr
esent
i
ngt
hef
l
owoft
he pr
ogr
am,howeachpr
ogr
am
i
si
nt
er
l
i
nkedwi
t
honeanot
her
.

Mai
n()
Funct
i
on1
Funct
i
on3
Funct
i
on5

Funct
i
on2
Funct
i
on4
Funct
i
on6
Funct
i
on8

Funct
i
on7
Funct
i
on9

Testal
li
ndependentpat
hsConsi
derapat
hf
r
om mai
n()t
of
unct
i
on7.Sett
hepar
amet
er
sandt
esti
ft
he
pr
ogr
am i
scor
r
ect
l
yi
nt
hatpat
h.Si
mi
l
ar
l
yt
estal
lot
herpat
hsandf
i
xdef
ect
s.
b)Condi
t
i
ont
est
i
ng
Testal
lt
hel
ogi
calcondi
t
i
onsf
orbot
ht
r
ueandf
al
seval
uesi
.
e,wecheckf
orbot
h
i
f
and
el
secondi
t
i
on.
I
f
(condi
t
i
on)-t
r
ue
{
.
.
}
El
se-f
al
se
{
.
.
.
.
}
Thepr
ogr
am shoul
dwor
kcor
r
ect
l
yf
orbot
hcondi
t
i
onsi
.
e,i
fcondi
t
i
oni
st
r
ue,t
henel
ses
houl
dbef
al
se
andvi
cever
sa
c)Loopt
est
i
ng
Testt
hel
oops(
f
or
,whi
l
e,dowhi
l
e,et
c)f
oral
lt
hecycl
esandal
socheckf
ort
er
mi
nat
i
ngcondi
t
i
oni
fwor
ki
ng
pr
oper
l
yandi
ft
hesi
z
eoft
hecondi
t
i
oni
ssuf
f
i
ci
entenough.
Forex,l
etusconsi
derapr
ogr
am wher
ei
nt
hedevel
operhasgi
venabout1l
akhl
oops.
16|Page

{
Whi
l
e(1,
00,
000)
.
.
}
Wecannott
estt
hi
smanual
l
yf
oral
l1l
akhcycl
es.Sowewr
i
t
easmal
l
pr
ogr
am,
TestA
{

Whi
chchecksf
oral
l1l
akhl
oops
.Thi
sTestAi
sknownasuni
tt
est
.Thet
estpr
ogr
am i
swr
i
t
t
eni
nt
he
samel
anguageast
hesour
cecodepr
ogr
am.Devel
oper
sonl
ywr
i
t
et
het
estpr
ogr
am.

PROGRAM
A
REQUI
REMENTA

REQUI
REMENTB

REQUI
REMENTC

PROGRAM B

PROGRAM
C

REQUI
REMENTD

REQUI
REMENTE

PROGRAM
D

PROGRAM E

Letusconsi
dert
heabovecaseasshowni
nt
hef
i
gur
e.Supposet
hepr
oj
ectconsi
st
sofRequi
r
ement
A,
B,
C,
D,
E.Then t
hedevel
operwr
i
t
est
heCodesA,
B,
C,
D,
Ef
ort
hecor
r
espondi
ng r
equi
r
ement
s
.The
pr
ogr
am consi
st
sof100sofl
i
nesofcode.
17|Page

As devel
oper
sdoWBT,t
heyt
estt
he5pr
ogr
amsl
i
nebyl
i
neofcodef
ordef
ect
s.I
fi
nanyt
hepr
ogr
am,
t
her
ei
sadef
ect
,t
hedevel
oper
si
dent
i
f
yt
hedef
ectandr
ect
i
f
i
esi
t
,andt
heyagai
nhavet
ot
estt
he
pr
ogr
am andal
lt
hepr
ogr
amsagai
n.Thi
si
nvol
vesal
otoft
i
meandef
f
or
tandsl
owsdownt
hepr
oj
ect
compl
et
i
ont
i
me.
Letusconsi
deranot
hercase.Supposet
hecl
i
entasksf
orr
equi
r
ementchanges,t
hent
hedevel
oper
shave
t
odot
henecessar
ychangesandt
estt
heent
i
r
e5pr
ogr
amsagai
n.Thi
sagai
ni
nvol
vesal
otoft
i
meand
ef
f
or
t
.
Thi
sdr
awbackcanbecor
r
ect
edi
nt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngmanner
.
Wewr
i
t
eat
estpr
ogr
am f
ort
hecor
r
espondi
ngpr
ogr
am.Thedevel
oper
swr
i
t
et
heset
estpr
ogr
amsi
nt
he
samel
anguageast
hesour
cecode.Thedevel
oper
st
henr
unt
heset
estpr
ogr
amsal
socal
l
edasuni
tt
est
pr
ogr
ams.Theset
estpr
ogr
amsconnectt
ot
hemai
npr
ogr
amsandr
unast
hepr
ogr
ams.Thusi
ft
her
ei
s
anyr
equi
r
ementchangeordef
ect
si
nt
hepr
ogr
am,t
hent
hedevel
oper
ssi
mpl
ymaket
hechangesei
t
heri
n
t
het
estpr
ogr
am /mai
npr
ogr
am andr
unt
het
estpr
ogr
am asawhol
e.
REQUI
REMENTA

PROGRAM A

RUN
TESTA

REQUI
REMENTB
PROGRAM B

TESTB

REQUI
REMENTC

REQUI
REMENTD

PROGRAM C

TESTC

REQUI
REMENTE
PROGRAM D

PROGRAM E

TESTD

TESTE

Thecol
l
ect
i
onoft
estpr
ogr
amsi
sknownast
estsui
t
e.
Asear
l
yaswecat
cht
hebug,costoff
i
xi
ngt
hebugwi
l
lbel
ess
.I
fwedel
ayi
ncat
chi
ngt
hebug,costof
f
i
xi
ngt
hebugi
ncr
easesexponent
i
al
l
y
.
Letusconsi
derapr
ogr
am f
ort
hecal
cul
at
or
.Letusconsi
dert
headdi
t
i
onf
unct
i
on.
18|Page

CALCULATOR
-------Addi
t
i
on
{
.....
......
}

add.
j
ava
myAdd(A,B)
{
C=A+B
Pr
i
ntC
}

Testpr
ogr
am
X=cal
l
Add.
myAdd(10,5)
I
f(X==15)
{
Pr
i
nt
(

t
esti
spass
)
}
El
se
{
Pr
i
nt
f
(

t
esti
sf
ai
l

)
}

Theot
hert
estpr
ogr
amsar
e,
Y=cal
l
Add.
myAdd(
10.
5,5.
2)
I
f(Y=15.
7)
{
Pr
i
nt(

t
esti
spass
)
}
El
se
{
Pr
i
nt
(

t
esti
sf
ai
l

)
}
Si
mi
l
ar
l
ywedof
or
,
Z=9,
00,
000and1,
00,
000
P=10,5
I
nal
lt
heabovet
estpr
ogr
ams,t
hevar
i
abl
esofX,Y,Z,Par
ecal
l
i
ngt
hef
unct
i
onadd.
j
avaandget
t
i
ngt
he
add.Wedot
headdi
t
i
onmanual
l
yandcheckf
ort
her
emai
ni
ngr
esul
t
s.Wecanseet
hatt
het
estpr
ogr
ams
ar
emor
et
edi
ousandl
engt
hyandt
i
mecons
umi
ng.
Thus,wehaver
eadymadepr
ogr
ams
.
Li
ke,f
orexampl
e,wehavear
eady
madepr
ogr
am namedJuni
twhi
chhasaf
eat
ur
enamedAsser
twhi
ch
r
unst
heaboveandcompar
est
he2val
uesandaut
omat
i
cal
l
ypr
i
nt
spassorf
ai
l
.
Thuswecanr
epl
acet
het
estpr
ogr
amswi
t
ht
hesesi
mpl
epr
ogr
ams,
I
mpor
tJuni
t
X=cal
l
Add.
myAdd(
10,5)
Cal
lAsser
t(
X,15)
I
taut
omat
i
cal
l
ypr
i
nt
spassorf
ai
l
.Si
mi
l
ar
l
ywecandof
ort
heot
hert
est
sf
orY,ZandP.
d)Fr
om memor
ypoi
ntofvi
ewoft
est
i
ng
Thesi
z
eofcodeofapr
ogr
am i
ncr
easesbecause,
19|Page

i
)Thel
ogi
cusedbyt
hepr
ogr
ammermayvar
y
.I
fonedevel
operwr
i
t
esacodeof300kbf
i
l
esi
z
e,t
hen
anot
herdevel
opermaywr
i
t
et
hesamepr
ogr
am usi
ngdi
f
f
er
entl
ogi
candwr
i
t
eofcodeof200kbf
i
l
esi
z
e.
i
i)Reuseofcodei
snott
her
e:f
orexampl
e,i
ff
or5pr
ogr
amsoft
hesames/
w,t
he1stt
enl
i
nesoft
he
pr
ogr
am i
st
hesame.Thenwecanwr
i
t
et
heset
enl
i
nesasasepar
at
ef
unct
i
onandwr
i
t
eas
i
ngl
ef
unct
i
on
cal
lusi
ngwhi
cht
he5pr
ogr
amscanaccesst
hi
sf
unct
i
on.Al
so,i
fanydef
ecti
st
her
ewecans
i
mpl
ychange
t
hel
i
neofcodei
nt
hef
unct
i
onr
at
hert
hanal
lt
hepr
ogr
ams
.
i
i
i)Devel
oper
sdecl
ar
esomanyvar
i
abl
es
,f
unct
i
onswhi
chmayneverbeusedi
nanypar
toft
hepr
ogr
am.
Thus,t
hesi
z
eoft
hepr
ogr
am i
ncr
eases
.
Forex,
I
nti=10;
I
ntj=15;
St
r
i
ngS=
hel
l
o;
.....
.....
.....
....
.....
I
nta=j;
Cr
eat
euser
{
....
....
100l
i
nesofcode
....
}
I
nt
heabovepr
ogr
am,wecanseet
hatt
hei
nt
egerihasneverbeencal
l
edanywher
ei
nt
hepr
ogr
am and
al
sot
hef
unct
i
oncr
eat
euserhas neverbeencal
l
edanywher
ei
nt
hepr
ogr
am.Thust
hi
sl
eadst
omemor
y
wast
age.
Wecannotr
ecogni
z
et
hi
ser
r
ormanual
l
ybychecki
ngt
hepr
ogr
am becauseoft
hel
ar
gepr
ogr
am.Thuswe
haver
eadymadet
ool
st
ocheckf
orunneces
sar
yvar
i
abl
esandf
unct
i
ons.
Wehav
eat
oolbynameRat
i
onalPur
i
f
y
Pr
ogr
am A
I
nti=10
I
ntj=15
St
r
i
ngS=
hel
l
o
....
....
I
nta=j
Cr
eat
euser()
{
....
....
....
}

Resul
t
Anunusedvar
i
abl
e
St
r
i
ngS=
hel
l
o
Unusedf
unct
i
on
Cr
eat
euser()

20|Page

PROGRAM B
.....
.....
PROGRAM C
....
I
ntx=A.
i
Pr
ogr
amsA,B,andCi
sgi
venasi
nputt
oD.Dgoesi
nt
ot
hepr
ogr
amsandchecksf
orunusedvar
i
abl
es
.I
t
t
hengi
vest
her
esul
t
.Thedevel
opercant
hencl
i
ckont
hevar
i
ousr
esul
t
sandcal
lordel
et
et
heunused
var
i
abl
esandf
unct
i
ons
.
Thi
st
ool
i
sspeci
f
i
conl
yf
orC,C++l
anguages
.Forot
herl
anguages,wehaveot
hersi
mi
l
art
ool
s.
i
v)Thedevel
operdoesn
tuseal
r
eadyexi
st
i
ngi
nbui
l
tf
unct
i
onsandsi
t
sandwr
i
t
est
heent
i
r
ef
unct
i
on
usi
nghi
sl
ogi
c.Thusl
eadst
owast
eoft
i
meandal
sodel
ays.
Letusconsi
dert
her
ei
sanal
r
eadyi
nbui
l
tf
unct
i
onsor
t()
.I
nst
eadt
hedevel
opersi
t
sandwr
i
t
eshi
sown
pr
ogr
am mysor
t()
.Thi
sl
eadst
owast
eoft
i
meandef
f
or
t
.I
nst
eadhecoul
dhaveusedasi
ngl
ef
unct
i
oncal
l
sor
t()
.
e)Testf
orr
esponset
i
me/speed/per
f
or
manceoft
hepr
ogr
am
Ther
easonsf
orsl
owper
f
or
mancecoul
dbe,
i)Logi
cused
i
i
)Swi
t
chcaseDonotus
enest
edi
f
,i
nst
eaduseswi
t
chcase
i
i
i)Al
sot
her
emustbeappr
opr
i
at
euseof
or
and
andf
orcondi
t
i
onalcases.
PROGRAM A

PROGRAM B

RATI
ONALQUANTI
FY

RESULTSHEET

PROGRAM C

PROGRAM D
21|Page
PROGRAM E

Ast
hedevel
operi
sdoi
ngWBT,heseest
hatt
hepr
ogr
am i
sr
unni
ngsl
ow ort
heper
f
or
manceoft
he
pr
ogr
am i
ssl
ow.Thedevel
opercannotgomanual
l
yt
hr
ought
hecodeandcheckwhi
chl
i
neoft
hecodei
s
sl
owi
ngt
hepr
ogr
am.
Wehaveat
oolbynameRat
i
onalQuant
i
f
yt
odot
hi
sj
obaut
omat
i
cal
l
y
.Assoonasal
lt
hepr
ogr
amsar
e
r
eady.Thi
st
oolwi
l
lgoi
nt
ot
hepr
ogr
am andr
unsal
lt
hepr
ogr
ams.Ther
esul
ti
sshowni
nt
her
esul
tsheet
i
nt
hef
or
m oft
hi
ckandt
hi
nl
i
nes.Thi
ckl
i
nesi
ndi
cat
et
hatt
hepi
eceofcodei
st
aki
ngl
ongert
i
met
or
un.
Whenwedoubl
ecl
i
ckont
het
hi
ckl
i
ne,t
hent
het
oolaut
omat
i
cal
l
yt
akesust
ot
hel
i
ne/
pi
eceofcode
whi
chi
sal
socol
or
eddi
f
f
er
ent
l
y
.Wecanmodi
f
yt
hatcodeandagai
nuser
at
i
onalquant
i
f
y.Whent
he
sequenceofl
i
nesar
eal
lt
hi
n,weknowt
hatt
heper
f
or
manceoft
hepr
ogr
am hasi
mpr
oved.
Devel
oper
sdoal
otofWBTaut
omat
i
cal
l
yr
at
hert
hanmanual
l
ybecausei
tsavest
i
me.
Di
f
f
er
encebet
weenWhi
t
eBoxTest
i
ngandBl
ackBoxt
est
i
ng
1)Whi
t
eBoxTest
i
ng

2)Bl
ackBoxTest
i
ng

a)1)Donebydevel
oper
s
2)Donebyt
estengi
neer
s
b)1)Looki
nt
ot
hesour
cecodeandt
es
tt
hel
ogi
coft
hecode
2)Ver
i
f
yi
ngt
hef
unct
i
onal
i
t
yoft
heappl
i
cat
i
onagai
nstr
equi
r
ementspeci
f
i
cat
i
ons
c)1)Shoul
dhaveknowl
edgeofi
nt
er
nal
desi
gnoft
hecode
2)Noneedt
ohaveknowl
edgeofi
nt
er
nal
desi
gnoft
hecode
d)1)Shoul
dhaveknowl
edgeofpr
ogr
ammi
ng
2)Noneedt
ohaveknowl
edgeofpr
ogr
ammi
ng

BLACK BOX TESTI

NG
I
ti
sver
i
f
yi
ngt
hef
unct
i
onal
i
t
y(behavi
or)agai
nstr
equi
r
ementspeci
f
i
cat
i
ons.

TypesofBl
ackBoxTest
i
ng
1)FUNCTI
ONALTESTI
NG
Al
so cal
l
ed componentt
est
i
ng.Test
i
ng each and ever
y componentt
hor
oughl
y(
r
i
gor
ousl
y)agai
nst
r
equi
r
ementspeci
f
i
cat
i
onsi
sknownasf
unct
i
onal
t
es
t
i
ng.
Forex,l
etusconsi
dert
hatCi
t
i
bankwant
sas/
wf
orbanki
ngpur
poseandi
taskst
hecompanyI
f
l
ext
o
devel
opt
hi
ss/
w.Thes/
wi
ssomet
hi
ngasshownbel
ow.Whent
heusercl
i
ckshi
sval
i
dusernameand
ent
er
shi
spasswor
d,t
henhei
st
akeni
nt
ot
hehomepage.Oncei
nsi
det
hehomepage,hecl
i
cksonamount
t
r
ansf
erandt
hebel
ow pagei
sdi
spl
ayed.Heent
er
shi
sval
i
daccountnumberandt
hent
heaccount
numbert
owhi
cht
hemoneyi
st
obet
r
ansf
er
r
ed.Het
henent
er
st
henecessar
yamountandcl
i
ckson
22|Page

t
r
ansf
er
.Theamountmustbet
r
ansf
er
r
edt
ot
heot
heraccountnumber
.
Now i
nbl
ackboxt
est
i
ng,t
het
estengi
neert
est
st
hes/
w agai
nstr
equi
r
ement
sandchecksi
ft
hes/
wi
s
wor
ki
ngcor
r
ect
l
yasperr
equi
r
ement
s
.
AMOUNTTRANSFER
Fr
om AccountNumber
AccountBal
ance
AmountTr
ansf
er

ToAccountNumber

Loans
I
nsur
ance

Amount

Tr
ansact
i
ons
Logout

TRANSFER

CANCEL

Thi
si
showt
her
equi
r
ement
sgi
venbyt
hecl
i
entl
ooksl
i
ke(
f
i
gur
ebel
ow)
.I
ti
susual
l
yawor
ddocumentf
i
l
e.
Letusconsi
dert
hatCi
t
i
bankgi
vesa80pgSRSi
nMSWORDf
or
mat
.Thet
estengi
neert
henl
ooksatt
he
r
equi
r
ement
sandcor
r
espondi
ngl
ycheckst
hes/
w.
Now t
het
estengi
neerdoesal
lpossi
bl
et
est
sont
he2accountnumber
s.Now,hepr
oceedswi
t
ht
he
t
est
i
ngofAmountt
r
ansf
er
.Thesear
et
hef
ol
l
owi
ngt
est
sheconduct
sf
ort
est
i
ngt
heamountf
i
el
d,
Heent
er
st
hef
ol
l
owi
ngdat
ai
nt
heamountf
i
el
d,
a)100

b)100$

d)Hundr
edr
upeesonl
y
f
)100

g)
0.
001

e)100bl
ankspace0

c)
100.
50

Foral
lt
heabovecasesexceptf
orf
),i
tshoul
dt
hr
owaner
r
ormessage.I
fi
tdoesn
tt
hr
ow,t
hent
her
ei
sa
bugi
nt
hes/
wandt
hes/
wmustbesentt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam t
or
epai
rt
hedef
ect
.

23|Page

CI
TI
BANKONLI
NESRS
1.LOGI
N
1.
1User
name:shoul
dacceptonl
y822char
act
er
s
1.
2Passwor
d:shoul
dacceptonl
y836char
act
er
s.Speci
al
char
act
er
sar
e
al
l
owed.
1.
3For
gotPasswor
d:.........
1.
3.
1 ..........
1.
3.
2 ..........
1.
4Regi
st
r
at
i
on:..............
1.
4.
1 ...........
1.
4.
2 ...........

SCROLL

2.LOANS
2.
1Per
sonalLoan:...........
2.
1.
1 ...............
2.
1.
2 ...............
2.
2HomeLoan:.............
2.
2.
1 ...............
2.
2.
2 ...............
3.I
NSURANCE
3.
1...........
3.
2............
..........
.....
..
.....
..........
...
.
.......
.....
.....
.

Now,wescr
ol
lt
opage30,andseet
he60thr
equi
r
ement
.
Weseet
her
equi
r
ement
sspeci
f
i
cat
i
onf
orAMOUNTTRANSFER
60.AMOUNTTRANSFER
60.
1Fr
om accountnumbert
extf
i
el
d
60.
1.
1Shoul
daccept10di
gi
ti
nt
eger
60.
1.
2Shoul
dacceptonl
yt
hoseaccount
swhi
char
ecr
eat
edby
Manager
60.
2Toaccountnumbert
extf
i
el
d
60.
2.
1Shoul
daccept10di
gi
ti
nt
eger
60.
2.
2Shoul
dacceptonl
yt
hoseaccount
scr
eat
edbymanager
60.
3AmountText
f
i
el
d
60.
3.
1Shoul
dacceptonl
yposi
t
i
vei
nt
eger
s
60.
3.
2Shoul
dnotacceptmor
et
hanbal
ance
........
...
.........
..
...........
24|Page

Thus,dur
i
ngt
est
i
ng,wemustr
emembert
hef
ol
l
owi
ngpoi
nt
s,
a)Wemustal
waysst
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
onwi
t
ht
heval
i
ddat
a.I
nt
heaboveexampl
ef
oramount
t
h
t
r
ansf
er
,weseet
hatwehaveent
er
edt
heval
i
ddat
a100onl
yi
nt
he6 t
est
.Thi
sshoul
dnotbedone,
becausei
ft
heval
i
ddat
ai
t
sel
fi
snott
akencor
r
ect
l
y
,t
henweneednothavet
owast
eourt
i
mechecki
ngf
or
t
hei
nval
i
ddat
a
b)I
ft
heappl
i
cat
i
onwor
ksf
orval
i
ddat
a,onl
yt
henwemustst
ar
tt
est
i
ngf
ori
nval
i
ddat
a
c)I
ft
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
snotwor
ki
ngf
or1oft
hei
nval
i
dval
ues
,t
henwecancont
i
nuet
est
i
ngf
oral
lt
heot
her
i
nval
i
dval
uesandt
hensubmi
tt
het
estr
epor
tofal
lt
hedef
ect
sf
ori
nval
i
dval
ues
.
d)I
nt
est
i
ng,weshoul
dnotassumeorpr
oposer
equi
r
ement
.I
fwehaveanyquer
i
es
,t
al
kt
ot
heonewho
knowst
her
equi
r
ement
sver
ywel
landcl
ar
i
f
yt
hequer
i
es
.
e)Wemustnotdoover
t
est
i
ng(t
est
i
ngf
oral
lpossi
bl
ej
unkval
ues)orunder
t
est
i
ng(t
est
i
ngf
oronl
y1or
2val
ues)
.Wemustonl
yt
r
yanddoopt
i
mi
z
et
est
i
ng(
t
est
i
ngf
oronl
yt
henecessar
yval
ues
-bot
hi
nval
i
d
andval
i
ddat
a)
.
f
)Wemustdobot
hposi
t
i
vet
est
i
ng(
t
est
i
ngf
orval
i
ddat
a)andnegat
i
vet
est
i
ng(
t
est
i
ngf
ori
nval
i
ddat
a)
.
Thechar
act
er
st
i
csofagoodr
equi
r
ementar
e,
1)Uni
t
ar
y(cohesi
ve)t
her
equi
r
ementaddr
esses1andonl
y1t
hi
ng
2)Compl
et
et
her
equi
r
ementi
sf
ul
l
yst
at
edi
n1pl
acewi
t
hnomi
ssi
ngi
nf
or
mat
i
on
3)Consi
st
entt
her
equi
r
ementdoesnotcont
r
adi
ctanyot
herr
equi
r
ementandi
sf
ul
l
yconsi
st
entwi
t
hal
l
aut
hor
i
t
at
i
veext
er
naldocument
at
i
on
4)NonConj
ugat
ed(At
omi
c)t
her
equi
r
ementi
sat
omi
ci
.
e,i
tdoesnotcont
ai
ncer
t
ai
nconj
unct
i
ons
.Ex

t
hepost
alcodef
i
el
dmustval
i
dat
eAmer
i
canandCanadi
anpost
alcodesshoul
dbewr
i
t
t
enast
wo
separ
at
er
equi
r
ement
s:1)
Thepost
alcodef
i
el
dmus
tval
i
dat
eAmer
i
canPost
alcodesand2)
Thepost
al
codef
i
el
dmustval
i
dat
eCanadi
anPost
alcodes

.
5)Tr
aceabl
et
her
equi
r
ementmeet
sal
lorpar
tofabusi
nessneed asst
at
ed byst
akehol
der
sand
aut
hor
i
t
at
i
vel
ydocument
ed
6)Cur
r
entt
her
equi
r
ementhasnotbeenmadeobsol
et
ebyt
hepassageoft
i
me
7)Unambi
guoust
her
equi
r
ementi
sconci
sel
yst
at
edwi
t
houtr
ecour
set
ot
echni
calj
ar
gon,acr
onymset
c.
i
texpr
essesobj
ect
i
vef
act
s
,notsubj
ect
i
veopi
ni
ons
.I
ti
ssubj
ect
i
vet
ooneandonl
yonei
nt
er
pr
et
at
i
on.
8)Mandat
or
yt
her
equi
r
ementr
epr
es
ent
sast
akehol
derdef
i
nedchar
act
er
st
i
ct
heabsenceofwhi
chwi
l
l
r
esul
ti
nadef
i
ci
encyt
hatcannotbeamel
i
or
at
ed
9)Ver
i
f
i
abl
et
hei
mpl
ement
at
i
onoft
her
equi
r
ementcanbedet
er
mi
ned t
hr
oughoneof4possi
bl
e
met
hodsi
nspect
i
on,demonst
r
at
i
on,t
estoranal
ysi
s
.

2)I
NTEGRATI
ON TESTI
NG
25|Page

Test
i
ngt
hedat
af
l
owori
nt
er
f
acebet
weent
wof
eat
ur
esi
sknownasi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng.

Take2f
eat
ur
esA&B.Sendsomedat
af
r
om At
oB.Checki
fAi
ssendi
ngdat
aandal
sochecki
fBi
s
r
ecei
vi
ngdat
a.
Nowl
etusconsi
dert
heexampl
eofbanki
ngs/
wass
howni
nt
hef
i
gur
eabove(amountt
r
ansf
er)
.
Scenar
i
o1Logi
nasAt
oamountt
r
ansf
ersend100r
samountmessageshoul
dbedi
spl
ayedsayi
ng

amountt
r
ansf
ersuccessf
ul
nowl
ogoutasAandl
ogi
nasBgot
oamountbal
anceandcheckbal
ance
bal
ancei
si
ncr
easedby100r
st
husi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
esti
ssuccessf
ul
.
Scenar
i
o2al
sowechecki
famountbal
ancehasdecr
easedby100r
si
nA
Scenar
i
o3cl
i
ckont
r
ans
act
i
onsi
nAandB,messageshoul
dbedi
spl
ayedr
egar
di
ngt
hedat
aandt
i
me
ofamountt
r
ansf
er
Thusi
nI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng,wemustr
emembert
hef
ol
l
owi
ngpoi
nt
s,
1)Under
st
and t
he appl
i
cat
i
on t
hor
oughl
yi
.
e,under
st
and how each and ever
yf
eat
ur
e wor
ks.Al
so
under
s
t
andhoweachandever
yf
eat
ur
ear
er
el
at
edorl
i
nkedt
oeachot
her
.
2)I
dent
i
f
yal
lpossi
bl
escenar
i
os
3)Pr
i
or
i
t
i
z
eal
lt
hescenar
i
osf
orexecut
i
on
4)Testal
lt
hescenar
i
os
5)I
fyouf
i
nddef
ect
s
,communi
cat
edef
ectr
epor
tt
odevel
oper
s
6)Doposi
t
i
veandnegat
i
vei
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng.Posi
t
i
vei
ft
her
ei
st
ot
albal
anceof10,
000send1000r
s
andseei
famountt
r
ansf
erwor
ksf
i
nei
fi
tdoes
,t
hent
esti
spass.Negat
i
vei
ft
her
ei
st
ot
albal
anceof
10,
000send15000r
sandseei
famountt
r
ansf
erhappensi
fi
tdoesn
thappen,t
esti
spassi
fi
t
happens,t
hent
her
ei
sabugi
nt
hepr
ogr
am andsendi
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam f
orr
epai
r
i
ngdef
ect
s.
COMPOSEMAI
L

I
NBOX
COMPOSEMAI
L
SENTI
TEMS

TO
FROM
SUBJECT

26|Page

Letusconsi
dergmai
lsof
t
war
easshownbel
ow.Wef
i
r
stdof
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngf
oruser
nameandpasswor
d
andsubmi
tandcancelbut
t
on.Thenwedoi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ngf
ort
heabove.Thef
ol
l
owi
ngscenar
i
oscan
beconsi
der
ed,
Scenar
i
o1Logi
nasAandcl
i
ckoncomposemai
l
.Wet
hendof
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngf
ort
hei
ndi
vi
dualf
i
el
ds
.
Now wecl
i
ckonsendandal
socheckf
orsavedr
af
t
s.Af
t
erwesendmai
lt
oB,weshoul
dchecki
nt
he
senti
t
emsf
ol
derofAt
os
eei
ft
hesentmai
li
st
her
e.Nowwel
ogoutasAandl
ogi
nasB.Got
oi
nboxand
checki
ft
hemai
lhasar
r
i
ved.
Scenar
i
o2weal
sodoi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ngf
orspam f
ol
der
s.I
ft
hepar
t
i
cul
arcont
acthasbeenmar
kedas
spam,t
henanymai
lsentbyt
hatusers
houl
dgot
ospam f
ol
derandnott
ot
hei
nbox.
Weal
sodof
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngf
oreachandever
yf
eat
ur
el
i
kei
nbox,
senti
t
emset
c.
ADDUSERS

ADDUSER

USERNAME

DELETEUSER

PASSWORD

LI
STUSERS

DESI
GNATI
ON

EDI
TUSERS
PRODUCTSALES

Dr
opdownbox
27|Page
Team l
ead
Manager

Letusconsi
dert
hef
i
gur
eshownabove.
Wef
i
r
stdof
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngf
oral
lt
het
extf
i
el
dsandeachandever
yf
eat
ur
e.Thenwedoi
nt
egr
at
i
on
t
est
i
ngf
ort
her
el
at
edf
eat
ur
es
.Wef
i
r
stt
estf
oradduserandl
i
stuseranddel
et
euserandt
henedi
tuser
andal
sosear
chuser
.
Poi
nt
st
or
emember
,
1)Ther
ear
ef
eat
ur
eswemi
ghtbedoi
ngonl
ydoi
ngf
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngandt
her
ear
ef
eat
ur
eswemi
ghtbe
doi
ngbot
hi
nt
egr
at
i
onandf
unct
i
onal
t
est
i
ng.I
tdependsonf
eat
ur
es.
2)Pr
i
or
i
t
i
z
i
ngi
sver
yi
mpor
t
antandweshoul
ddoi
tatal
lt
hest
ageswhi
chmeansopent
heappl
i
cat
i
on
anddeci
dewhi
chf
eat
ur
et
obet
est
edf
i
r
st
.Got
ot
hatf
eat
ur
eanddeci
dewhi
chcomponentmustbe
t
est
edf
i
r
st
.Got
ot
hatcomponentanddeci
dewhatval
uet
obeent
er
edf
i
r
st
.Don
tappl
ysamer
ul
e
ever
ywher
e!
!
.Test
i
ngl
ogi
cchangesf
r
om f
eat
ur
et
of
eat
ur
e.
3)Focusi
si
mpor
t
anti
.
e,compl
et
el
yt
es
t1f
eat
ur
eandt
henonl
ymoveont
oanot
herf
eat
ur
e.
4)Bet
ween2f
eat
ur
es,wemi
ghtbedoi
ngonl
yposi
t
i
vei
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ngorwemi
ghtbedoi
ngbot
h
posi
t
i
veandnegat
i
vei
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng.I
tdependsont
hef
eat
ur
e.
Ther
ear
et
wot
ypesofi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng,
I
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
28|Page

I
ncr
ement
alI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng

TopdownI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng

NonI
ncr
ement
alI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng

Bot
t
omupI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng

I
ncr
ement
alI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng:

Taket
womodul
es
.Checki
fdat
af
l
owbet
weent
het
woi
swor
ki
ng
f
i
ne.I
fi
ti
s,t
henaddonemor
emodul
eandt
estagai
n.Cont
i
nuel
i
ke
t
hi
s.I
ncr
ement
al
l
yaddt
hemodul
esandt
estt
hedat
af
l
owbet
ween
t
hemodul
es
.
Ther
ear
et
woways,
a)TopdownI
ncr
ement
al
I
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng
b)Bot
t
om upI
ncr
ement
al
I
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng

TopdownI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng:
I
ncr
ement
al
l
yaddt
hemodul
esandt
estt
hedat
af
l
owbet
weent
he
modul
es
.Makesur
et
hatt
hemodul
et
hatwear
eaddi
ngi
schi
l
dof
pr
evi
ousone.
Chi
l
d3i
schi
l
dofchi
l
d2andsoon.
PARENT
29|Page

CHI
LD1
CHI
LD2
CHI
LD3

Bot
t
omupI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng:
Test
i
ngst
ar
t
sf
r
om l
astchi
l
dupt
opar
ent
.I
ncr
ement
al
l
yaddt
he
modul
esandt
estt
hedat
af
l
owbet
weenmodul
es.Makes
ur
et
hat
t
hemodul
eyouar
eaddi
ngi
st
hepar
entoft
hepr
evi
ousone.
CHI
LD3
CHI
LD2
CHI
LD1
PARENT

Noni
ncr
ement
alI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng
Weuset
hi
smet
hodwhen,
a)Whendat
af
l
owi
sver
ycompl
ex
b)Wheni
ti
sdi
f
f
i
cul
tt
oi
dent
i
f
ywhoi
spar
entandwhoi
schi
l
d.
I
ti
sal
socal
l
edBi
gBangmet
hod.
Combi
neal
l
t
hemodul
esatashotandst
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
he
dat
af
l
owbet
weent
hemodul
es.Thedi
sadvant
ageof
30|Page

t
hi
si
st
hat
,a)Wemaymi
sst
ot
estsomeoft
he
i
nt
er
f
acesb)Rootcauseanal
ysi
soft
hedef
ecti
s
di
f
f
i
cul
ti
dent
i
f
yi
ngt
hebugwher
ei
tcamef
r
om i
sa
pr
obl
em.Wedon
tknowt
heor
i
gi
noft
hebug.

Exampl
ef
orI
ncr
ement
alI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng:
CEO

CREATEMANAGER
Username

Cr
eat
emanager
Edi
tmanager
Li
stmanager
Del
et
emanager

Passwor
d
Emai
l

MANAGER

SUBMI
T

Cr
eat
eEngi
neer
Edi
tEngi
neer
.
.
.

Engi
neer1

CREATEENGI
NEER
.
.
.

Engi
neer2

MANAGER2

Engi
neer3

Engi
neer4

CANCEL

MANAGER3

Engi
neer5

I
nt
heaboveexampl
e.Thedevel
opmentt
eam devel
opst
hes/
wandsendi
tt
ot
heCEOoft
het
est
i
ngt
eam.
TheCEO t
henl
ogsont
ot
hes/
w andcr
eat
est
heuser
nameandpasswor
dandsendamai
lt
oamanager
andt
el
l
shi
mt
ost
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
hes/
w.Themanagert
henedi
t
st
heuser
nameandpasswor
dandcr
eat
esan
user
nameandpasswor
dandsendi
tt
ot
heengi
neerf
ort
est
i
ng.Thi
shi
er
ar
chyf
r
om CEO t
oTest
i
ng
Engi
neeri
st
opdowni
ncr
ement
ali
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng.
Si
mi
l
ar
l
y,t
het
est
i
ngengi
neeroncehef
i
ni
shest
est
i
ngsendsar
epor
tt
ot
hemanager
,whot
hensendsa
r
epor
tt
ot
heCEO.Thi
si
sknownasbot
t
omupi
ncr
ement
ali
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng.
Exampl
ef
ornoni
ncr
ement
alI
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
I
NBOX
I
NBOX
COMPOSEMAI
L
SENTI
TEMS
DRAFTS
STARRED
FOLDER
TRASH
.
.
.
.

31|Page

Theaboveexampl
edi
spl
aysahomepageofagmai
li
nbox.Whenwecl
i
ckoni
nboxl
i
nk,wear
et
r
ansf
er
r
ed
t
ot
hei
nboxpage.Her
ewehavet
odononi
ncr
ement
ali
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ngbecauset
her
ei
snopar
entand
chi
l
dpr
ocessher
e.
St
ubandDr
i
ver
REALA

DRI
VER

STUB(DummyB)

St
ubi
sadummymodul
ewhi
chj
ustr
ecei
vesdat
aandgener
at
esawhol
el
otofexpect
eddat
a,buti
t
behavesl
i
kear
ealmodul
e.Whenadat
ai
ssentf
r
om r
ealmodul
eAt
ost
ubB,t
henBj
ustaccept
st
hedat
a
wi
t
houtval
i
dat
i
ngandver
i
f
yi
ngt
hedat
aandi
tgener
at
esexpect
edr
esul
t
sf
ort
hegi
vendat
a.
Thef
unct
i
onofadr
i
veri
si
tcheckst
hedat
af
r
om Aandsendsi
tt
ost
ubandal
socheckst
heexpect
ed
dat
af
r
om st
ubandsendsi
tt
oA.Dr
i
veri
sonewhi
chset
supt
het
estenvi
r
onmentandt
akescar
eof
communi
cat
i
ons,anal
ysesr
esul
t
sandsendst
her
epor
t
.Weneverusest
ubsanddr
i
ver
si
nt
est
i
ng.
I
nWBT,bot
t
omupi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ngi
spr
ef
er
r
edbecausewr
i
t
i
ngdr
i
ver
si
seasy.I
nbl
ackboxt
est
i
ng,
nopr
ef
er
enceanddependsont
heappl
i
cat
i
on.

I
NTERVI
EW TI
PSandQUESTI
ONS
1)I
ni
nt
er
vi
ew,t
hey
l
laskWhi
chi
st
hemostpr
ef
er
r
edmet
hodoft
est
i
ngandgi
ve
4opt
i
ons
a)Funct
i
onalTest
i
ngb)Whi
t
eboxt
est
i
ng c)Topdowni
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
d)Bot
t
om upI
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
Ans)Al
wayswr
i
t
eBot
t
omupt
est
i
ngunl
essaskedspeci
f
i
cal
l
yf
oranyt
hi
ngel
se
2)I
ni
nt
er
vi
ew,t
hey
l
laskWhendoest
est
i
ngst
ar
t?
Ans)al
wayst
el
l
,t
est
i
ngst
ar
t
sassoonast
her
equi
r
ement
sar
ehandedovercozt
he
i
nt
er
vi
ewer
sal
wayshaveV&Vmodeli
nmi
ndi
fanyspeci
f
i
edmodeli
sasked,t
hen
answeraccor
di
ngt
ot
hatmodel
.

32|Page

3)I
ni
nt
er
vi
ew,t
hey
l
laskIhave2modul
esAandBAhasbeenbui
l
t
,Bi
syett
obe
bui
l
tbutineedt
ot
estB,howcanIdoI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ngf
orAandB?
Ans)wecr
eat
eadummymodul
eBal
soknownasSt
ub,andt
hent
el
laboutst
ubs.I
ft
hey
askhaveyoueverwr
i
t
t
enast
ubt
hent
el
lst
ubsar
ever
yr
ar
el
yusedandt
hatyouj
ust

3)SYSTEM TESTI
NG
I
ti
sendt
oendt
est
i
ngwher
ei
nt
est
i
ngenvi
r
onmenti
ssi
mi
l
art
ot
hepr
oduct
i
onenvi
r
onment
.
Endt
oendt
est
i
ng
Her
e,wenavi
gat
et
hr
oughal
l
t
hef
eat
ur
esoft
hesof
t
war
eand
t
esti
ft
heendbusi
ness/endf
eat
ur
ewor
ks.Wej
ustt
estt
he
endf
eat
ur
eanddon
tcheckf
ordat
af
l
owordof
unct
i
onal
t
est
i
ngandal
l
.

Letusconsi
deranexampl
et
oexpl
ai
nSyst
em Test
i
ng.
Letusconsi
derCi
t
i
bankwant
sasof
t
war
ef
orover
dr
af
tf
eat
ur
e.I
tasksI
Fl
excompanyt
odevel
opt
he
sof
t
war
eandi
tpr
ovi
desCRSt
odevel
opt
hef
eat
ur
e.TheCRScont
ai
nshowt
heover
dr
af
tf
eat
ur
ewor
ks,
Thedi
f
f
er
encebet
weenper
sonall
oanandover
dr
af
t
si
sper
sonall
oans,l
oanscanbepr
ovi
dedupt
o20
t
i
mesmor
et
hant
hemont
hl
yi
ncomeandal
sot
akesal
ongt
i
met
oappr
ovebyt
hemanagerf
orper
sonal
l
oan.Wher
eas,i
nOver
dr
af
t
,t
hel
oanamounti
st
wi
cet
hemont
hl
yi
ncomeandt
akeshar
dl
yadayt
obe
appr
ovedbyt
hemanager
.Forex,i
facust
omerofCi
t
i
bankwant
saover
dr
af
tl
oanofRs20,
000overhi
s
mont
hl
yi
ncomeofRs10,
000.Themanagerappr
ovest
hel
oan.Letussayt
hatt
hei
nt
er
estr
at
ei
s2% and
t
heact
i
vat
i
onf
eef
ort
hef
i
r
stt
i
mei
sRs250.Whent
hecust
omerr
epayst
hel
oanatt
heendoft
hemont
h,
t
hent
het
ot
alamounthepaysi
s20,
000+(
2% of20,
000)+Act
i
vat
i
onf
ee(250)=20,
000+400+250=
20,
650Rs.
Now,f
ort
he2nd t
i
mei
ft
hesamecust
omerwant
sanot
herover
dr
af
tl
oant
hennoact
i
vat
i
onf
eei
st
aken.
Nowt
hecust
omerappl
i
esf
oranot
herover
dr
af
tl
oanofRs20,
000.Thi
st
i
met
heamounthehast
or
epayi
s
20,
000+(2% of20,
000)=20,
400Rs.
Thedevel
opmentt
eam devel
opst
hesof
t
war
ewhi
chl
ookssomet
hi
ngl
i
ket
hi
s,(
Showni
nt
henextpage)
.
33|Page

MANAGER
Pendi
ngOver
dr
af
t
s
.
......
..
.
....
....
..
......

PENDI
NGOD

Deposi
t
Logout

Name
.
.

Amount

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

20000

.
.

DEPOSI
T

.
.
.
.

Sel
ect

APPROVE

CANCEL

ACCOUNT
AMOUNT

CONFI
RMATI
ON

.
.

PAGE

.
DEPOSI
T

CANCEL

.
.

CONFI
RMATI
ON
PAGE

.
.
ACCOUNTBALANCE
AMOUNTTRANSFER
LOANS

OVERDRAFT

.
.

OVERDRAFTS

I
NSURANCE

LOGOUT

=> Appl
yf
orOver
Dr
af
t

=> Over
Dr
af
tBal
ance

=> RepayOver
Dr
af
t

.
.

CUSTOMER

APPLYFOROVERDRAFTS

AMOUNT

34|Page

APPLY

CANCEL

Thedevel
opmentt
eam devel
opst
her
equi
r
edsof
t
war
easshownabove.Thef
i
r
stf
i
gur
er
epr
esent
st
he
sof
t
war
et
hatcanbeaccessedbyt
hemanageronl
y.The2nd f
i
gur
er
epr
esent
st
hesof
t
war
et
hatcanbe
accessedbyt
hebank
scust
omer
s
.
Letusconsi
dersyst
em t
est
i
ngnow.Wet
estf
ori
nt
er
estcal
cul
at
i
onwhent
hecust
omert
akesover
dr
af
t
s
s
t
nd
f
ort
he1 t
i
meandwhenhet
akesover
dr
af
t
sf
ort
he2 t
i
me.
Scenar
i
o1
1)Logi
nasAAppl
yf
orODRs20000Cl
i
ckonAppl
yLogout
2)Logi
nasmanagerAppr
oveODofALogout
3)Logi
nasACheckODBal
anceRs20000shoul
dbedeposi
t
edLogout
4)Changet
heser
verdat
et
onext30day
s
5)Logi
nasACheckODBal
ance20000+400+250=20650Logout
6)Logi
nasmanagercl
i
ckonDeposi
tDeposi
tRs650Logout
7)Logi
nasARepayODamountCheckODbal
anceRs0
35|Page

8)Logi
nasmanagerCl
i
ckonDeposi
tDeposi
tRs20000t
oA
saccount-l
ogout
9)Logi
nasAAppl
yf
orODRs20000Cl
i
ckonAppl
yLogout
10)Logi
nasmanagerAppr
oveODofALogout
11)Logi
nasACheckODBal
anceRs20000shoul
dbedeposi
t
edLogout
12)Changet
heser
verdat
et
onext30days
13)Logi
nasACheckODBal
ance20000+400=20400Logout
14)Logi
nasmanagerDeposi
t400l
ogout
15)Logi
nasAr
epayODamountCheckODbal
anceRs0
Scenar
i
o2now wet
estanot
herscenar
i
owher
ei
nl
etusconsi
dert
hatt
hebankgi
vesanof
f
ert
hat
st
at
est
hatacust
omerwhot
akesRs50000asODf
ort
hef
i
r
stt
i
mewi
l
lnotbechar
gedact
i
vat
i
onf
eeand
act
i
vat
i
onf
eewi
l
lnotber
ef
undedwhenhet
akesanot
herODf
ort
he3rd t
i
mewehavet
ot
estf
or3t
est
scenar
i
oswher
ei
nwehavet
ot
akeODofRs50000f
ort
hef
i
r
stt
i
meandcheckf
orODRepayBal
ance
af
t
erappl
yi
ngf
oranot
herODf
or3rd t
i
me.
Scenar
i
o3nowwet
akei
not
herscenar
i
ol
etusconsi
dert
hatt
hesof
t
war
ei
sbei
ngusednor
mal
l
ybyal
l
cust
omer
ssuddenl
yCi
t
i
bankdeci
dest
ol
owert
heAct
i
vat
i
onf
eet
oRs125f
ornewcust
omer
swehave
t
ot
estODf
ornewcust
omer
sandseei
fi
t
saccept
i
ngonl
yRs125.
But
,t
henwegetar
equi
r
ementconf
l
i
ctSupposet
hecust
omerhasappl
i
edf
orRs20000asODwi
t
ht
he
exi
st
i
ngAct
i
vat
i
onFeef
orRs250.Bef
or
et
hemanageri
syett
oappr
ovei
t
,t
hebankl
ower
st
heact
i
vat
i
on
f
eet
oRs125.Nowwehavet
ot
estwhatAct
i
vat
i
onFeei
schar
gedf
ort
heODoft
hePendi
ngcust
omer
I
nt
hi
scase,t
het
est
i
ngt
eam cannotas
sumeanyt
hi
ngt
heyhavet
ocont
actt
heBusi
nessAnal
ystort
he
Cl
i
entandf
i
ndoutwhatt
heywanti
nsuchacase.
Thus,i
ft
hey(Cl
i
ent)gi
ve1setofr
equi
r
ement
,wemustcomeupwi
t
hmaxi
mum possi
bl
escenar
i
os
.
Letusconsi
deranot
herexampl
ei
nsur
ancedomai
n
Whenwebuyacar
,wehavet
oobt
ai
nani
nsur
anceont
hat
.Letusconsi
dert
hatBaj
ajAl
l
i
anzI
nsur
ance
companyi
st
heonewhi
chpr
ovi
dest
hi
scari
nsur
ance.Thei
nsur
ancepol
i
cywor
ksi
nt
hi
swayf
ort
he1st
yearwhent
hecari
sbought
,t
hei
nsur
ancet
obepai
di
sRs10000.Fort
he2nd year
,t
hei
nsur
ancemustbe
r
enewedatRs10000agai
n.Fort
he3rd year
,i
fnocl
ai
m hasbeenmade,t
hent
hatcust
omeri
sof
f
er
eda
di
scountofRs1500andt
hehemusthavet
or
enew t
hei
nsur
anceatRs8500onl
y.I
fani
nsur
ancecl
ai
m
hasbeenmade,t
hent
hei
nsur
ancemustber
enewedatRs10000onl
y.Baj
ajAl
l
i
anzI
nsur
ancewant
st
he
s/
wt
obedevel
opedwhi
chwor
ksasabove.Thusi
tgi
vesWi
pr
ot
heCRSofabove,t
odevel
opt
hes/
w.
Thedevel
opmentt
eam devel
opst
hes/
wasshownbel
ow,

NEW I
NSURANCE
CUSTOMERNAME

RENEW I
NSURANCE

CUSTOMERADDRESS
NEW I
NSURANCE

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

I
I
D

RENEW I
NSURANCE
CLAI
M
.
.
.
.
.
.

CUSTOMERTELEPHONE
CUSTOMERVEHI
CLE
.
.
.
.

36|Page

I
I
D100

Rs10,
000

Theaboves/
w wor
ksi
nt
hi
sway.Whent
hei
nsur
anceagentl
ogsi
nt
ot
hehomepage,hecl
i
cksonNew
I
nsur
anceandcr
eat
esanewi
nsur
ancepol
i
cyf
ort
henewcust
omerandf
i
l
l
supal
lt
hedet
ai
l
sandt
henew
cust
omeri
sassi
gnedaI
I
D(
I
nsur
anceI
D)100.Het
henpayst
hei
nsur
anceamountRs10,
000.Af
t
er1year
,
whent
het
i
mehascomef
orr
enewal
,t
hent
heagentl
ogsi
nandcl
i
cksonRenewI
nsur
anceandent
er
st
he
I
I
Dandr
enewsi
nsur
ancef
orRs10,
000.Thedi
f
f
er
entt
estscenar
i
osf
ort
heabovear
e,
Scenar
i
o1:
1)Logi
nasAgentcl
i
ckonNewI
nsur
anceCr
eat
eI
I
D100andAmountRs10000
2)Changeser
verdat
eby1year
3)Logi
nasagentCl
i
ckonRenewI
nsur
anceandpayamountRs10,
000
4)Changeser
verdat
et
o1year
5)Logi
nasAgentRenewI
nsur
anceI
I
D100I
nsur
anceAmountmustbeRs8500si
ncenocl
ai
m has
beenmadet
hust
het
esti
spass
Scenar
i
o2:
Sameas1),2),3)
4)Bef
or
eyour
enewf
ort
he3rd year
,Cl
ai
mI
nsur
anceChangeser
verdat
et
o1year
5)Logi
nasAgentRenewI
I
D100Rs10000Nodi
scountshoul
dbemadebecauseoft
hecl
ai
m made
above.
Scenar
i
o3:
Sameas1)
,2)
,3)and4)of1stscenar
i
o
r
d
5)Bef
or
ey
our
enew 3 t
i
me,-Cl
i
ckonCl
ai
mI
I
D 100,Rs15,
000Tr
yt
ocl
ai
mt
heamountWe
shoul
dn
tbeabl
et
ocl
ai
mt
hi
sbecauset
hei
nsur
ancehasexpi
r
ed.
37|Page

Letusconsi
deranot
herexampl
eAdver
t
i
sement
sont
heI
nt
er
net
Whenweopenawebsi
t
e,saywww.
yahoo.
com ,weseeanad post
ed ont
heabovet
op oft
he
homepagei
tr
emai
nst
her
ef
oraf
ewsecondsbef
or
ei
tdi
sappear
st
hi
smanagementofadsi
sdoneby
somet
hi
ngknownasAMSAdver
t
i
sementManagementSyst
em.Nowwedos/
wt
est
i
ngf
ort
hi
sdomai
n.
Thebel
ow s/
w wor
ksi
nt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngwayl
et

ssayt
hatNoki
awant
st
oshowcaseanadonFeb14th at
exact
l
y9:
00AM onYahoomai
l

shomepagef
ort
hewhol
eofAsi
ar
egi
on.Thesal
esmanagerl
ogsi
nt
ot
he
websi
t
eandmakesar
equestf
oranaddat
edf
ort
heaboveday.Heat
t
achesaf
i
l
e(pr
ef
er
abl
yavi
deoor
i
magef
i
l
eoft
heAd )and submi
t
st
heappl
i
cat
i
on.Thef
ol
l
owi
ng dayAMS manager(
Adver
t
i
sement
ManagementSyst
em )ofYahoomai
ll
ogsonandcheckst
hependi
ngadr
equest
s.Hecheckst
heNoki
aad
andchecksi
ft
hespacei
savai
l
abl
ef
ort
heconcer
neddayandt
i
me.I
fyes,t
henheest
i
mat
est
hecostof
put
t
i
ngupt
headat10$persecond,t
headcostest
i
mat
esupt
o100$f
or10seconds.Het
hencl
i
ckson
paymentr
equestandsendst
heest
i
mat
ecostal
ongwi
t
ht
her
equestf
orpaymentt
ot
heNoki
amanager
.
TheNoki
amanagerl
ogsont
oAdst
at
usandcheckst
hepaymentr
equestandhemakest
hepaymentas
peral
lt
hedet
ai
l
sandcl
i
cksonSubmi
tandPay.AssoonasYahoo
sAMSmanagerr
ecei
vest
hepayment
,
hedepl
oyst
heAdatt
heconcer
neddat
eandt
i
meonYahoomai
l

sHomepage.

SET RATES

PENDI
NGAds

PENDI
NGAds
.

NAME
.

STATUS
.

SELECT

SETRATES

ASI
A

PAGE

LOGOUT

DURATI
ON

10Seconds

AMOUNT

5$

.
.

REGI
ON

.
Noki
a

Pendi
ng

CocaCol
a

Pendi
ng

SUBMI
T

CANCEL

.
.
.

CHECKAVAI
LABI
LI
TY

PAYMENTREQUEST

NAME

STATUS

NOKI
A

Avai
l
abl
e

COCACOLA Avai
l
abl
e

ESTI
MATE

DEPLOY

TOTALAMOUNT

REQUESTFORADs

100$

PRODUCT

50$

PAGE

.
.

NOKI
AADVERTI
SEMENT
AVAI
LABLEAT9:
00AM onFebr
uar
y
14t
h

RequestForADs

NOKI
A

38|Page

I
NBOX
SENTI
TEMS
COMPOSEMAI
L
LOGOUT

Thevar
i
oust
estscenar
i
osar
e,
Scenar
i
o1:t
hef
i
r
stcasei
st
henor
malscenar
i
oasexpl
ai
nedabove.Thet
estengi
neerdoesendt
oend
t
est
i
ngf
ort
henor
malscenar
i
o.Wher
ei
nt
heNoki
amanagermakest
her
equestf
ort
heAdandt
heAdi
s
depl
oyedatt
heconcer
neddat
eandt
i
me.
Scenar
i
o2:l
etusconsi
derascenar
i
owher
ei
nt
heNoki
amanagerf
eel
st
hatt
heAdspacei
st
oocos
t
l
y
t
h
andcancel
st
her
equest
.Att
hesamet
i
me,CocaCol
amakesar
equestf
ort
heAdspaceonFeb14 at
9AM.Si
ncet
her
equestofNoki
ahasbeencancel
l
ed,t
husCocaCol
a
sAdmustbedepl
oy
edOnFeb14th
at9AM af
t
eral
lt
her
equestandt
hepay
menthasbeenmade.Now,i
ft
her
ei
sachangei
nhear
tf
r
om Noki
a
andt
heyf
eelt
hatt
heyar
er
eadyt
omaket
hepaymentf
orFeb14th at9AM t
hatsl
otshoul
dnotbegi
ven
becauseCocaCol
ahasal
r
eadyut
i
l
i
z
edt
hatspace.Thus,anal
t
er
nat
i
vecal
endarmustopenupf
orNoki
a
t
omaket
hei
rbooki
ng.
Scenar
i
o3:Logi
nasAMSmanagerCl
i
ckonSetRat
esandsett
her
at
ef
orAdspaceonl
ogoutpage
t
o5$persecond.Logi
nasNoki
amanagerandchoos
et
hedat
eandt
i
met
oputupanAdont
hel
ogout
page.Thepaymentshoul
dbe50$f
or10secondsf
oranAdonYahoomai
l

sLogoutpage.
Thus,t
heact
ualdef
i
ni
t
i
onofEndt
oEndt
est
i
ngcanbegi
venasTakeal
lpossi
bl
eendt
oend
busi
nessf
l
owsandcheckwhet
heri
nt
hesof
t
war
e,al
lt
hescenar
i
osar
ewor
ki
ngornot
.I
fi
ti
s
wor
ki
ng,t
hent
hepr
oducti
sr
eadyt
obel
aunched.

Test
i
ngEnvi
r
onmentandWhyi
tshoul
dbesi
mi
l
art
oPr
oduct
i
onEnvi
r
onment?
Af
t
ert
her
equi
r
ement
shavebeencol
l
ect
edandt
hedesi
gnoft
hes/
w hasbeendevel
oped,t
heCRSi
s
t
hengi
vent
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam f
orcodi
ngandbui
l
di
ngoft
hemodul
esandt
hes/
w.t
hedevel
opment
39|Page

t
eam st
or
esal
lt
hemodul
esandt
hecodei
tbui
l
dsi
nadevel
opmentser
verwhi
cht
heynamei
tREX(
any
namecanbegi
vent
ot
heser
ver
)
.
Thedevel
opmentt
eam bui
l
dsmodul
eAoft
hes/
wdoesWBTi
nst
al
l
st
hes/
watht
t
p:
/
/
qa.
ci
t
i
bank.
com
-z
i
pst
hecodeofmodul
eAandst
or
esi
ti
nREXt
het
eam l
eadoft
hedevel
opmentt
eam t
henemai
l
st
he
z
i
pf
i
l
eofmodul
eAt
ot
het
estl
eadandt
el
l
shi
mt
hatt
hemodul
eAhasbeenbui
l
tandWBThasbeen
per
f
or
medandt
hatt
heycanst
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
hemodul
eA t
het
estl
eadf
i
r
stunz
i
pst
hemodul
eA and
i
nst
al
l
si
ti
nt
het
est
i
ngt
eam ser
vernamedQA-t
het
estl
eadt
hencal
l
si
nt
het
estengi
neer
si
nhi
st
eam
andassi
gnst
hem di
f
f
er
entpar
t
soft
hemodul
eAf
ort
est
i
ngt
hi
si
st
hef
i
r
stcycl
et
het
est
i
ngt
eam do
f
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngonAl
et

ssayt
het
est
i
ngt
eam f
i
nds100bugsi
nmodul
eAf
oreachbugf
ound,t
he
t
est
i
ngt
eam pr
epar
esar
epor
tont
hebugi
naWor
ddocumentf
i
l
eandeachbugi
sassi
gnedanumber
l
i
ket
hi
s,t
het
est
i
ng t
eam f
i
nds100bugsi
nt
hes/
w each t
estengi
neerwhen hef
i
ndsabug,he
i
mmedi
at
el
yemai
l
sbugr
epor
tt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam f
ordef
ectr
epai
rt
het
est
i
ngt
eam t
ake5dayst
o
t
estmodul
eA.
Thedevel
oper
sar
er
eadi
ngt
hedef
ectr
epor
t
s
,goest
hr
ought
hecode,f
i
xest
hepr
obl
em whent
est
i
ng
t
eam i
st
est
i
ngs/
w,t
hedevel
oper
sar
ef
i
xi
ngdef
ect
sandal
sopr
epar
i
nganot
hermodul
eandal
sodoi
ng
WBTf
ort
her
epai
r
edpr
ogr
am now t
hedevel
oper
sf
i
xmaj
or
i
t
yoft
hedef
ect
s(
say70)andal
sobui
l
d
modul
eBnow t
het
eam l
eadoft
hedevel
opmentt
eam i
nst
al
l
st
hes/
w att
heabovewebsi
t
e,z
i
pst
he
codeoft
hemodul
eBandsendsamai
lt
ot
het
estl
eadcont
ai
ni
ngt
hecodet
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estl
eadf
i
r
stuni
nst
al
l
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t
heol
ds/
wandi
nst
al
l
st
henewonecont
ai
ni
ngmodul
eBandal
sor
epai
r
edmodul
eAandsendsamai
l
t
ot
het
estengi
neer
si
nhi
st
eam cont
ai
ni
ngt
henewmodul
eandr
epai
r
edmodul
e
DEVELOPMENTSERVER(REX)
D:bui
l
d01sw.
z
i
p
D:bui
l
d02sw.
z
i
p
D:bui
l
d03sw.
z
i
p
D:bui
l
d04sw.
z
i
p

D:bui
l
d20sw.
z
i
p

TESTI
NGSERVER(QA)

PRODUCTI
ONSERVER

unz
i
p

CPU1

CPU2

C
B

C
B

CPU3

I
FLEX
CPU(
n)

40|Page

1000TB

CI
TI
BANK

Wheneveranew bui
l
d comesi
n,t
het
est
i
ng t
eam concent
r
at
eson t
est
i
ng t
henew f
eat
ur
ef
i
r
st
becauset
hepr
obabi
l
i
t
yoff
i
ndi
ngt
hebugsi
smor
e,weexpectmor
enumberofbugsi
nt
henewf
eat
ur
e
assoonasnewbui
l
dcomesi
n,
a)t
estnewf
eat
ur
es b)Doi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
c)r
et
es
tal
lt
hef
i
xeddef
ect
sd)t
estunchanged(
ol
d)f
eat
ur
et
omakesur
et
hati
ti
snotbr
oken
e)i
nt
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l
d,wer
et
estonl
yf
i
xeddef
ect
s f
)eacht
estengi
neerr
et
est
sonl
yhi
sbugswhi
char
e
f
i
xed,hei
snotr
esponsi
bl
ef
orot
herbugsf
oundbyot
hert
estengi
neer
s
.
Wef
i
ndnewbugsi
nol
df
eat
ur
ebecausea)f
i
xi
ngt
hebugsmayl
eadt
oot
herbugs
b)addi
ngnewf
eat
ur
es(
modul
es
) c)mi
ghthavemi
ssedi
ti
nt
heear
l
i
ert
estcycl
e
I
nt
hesecondcycl
ewedobot
hf
unct
i
onalandi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ngf
orAandBwef
i
nd80bugseach
bugi
ssenti
nar
epor
tofWor
df
or
matt
hedevel
oper
sr
epai
rabout40bugsandal
sor
epai
r5bugsoft
he
r
emai
ni
ng30bugsi
nt
hef
i
r
stt
estcy
cl
e.
Li
ket
hi
swecar
r
yon,anddoabout20cycl
esandr
eachast
agewher
ei
nt
hedevel
oper
sar
edevel
opi
ngt
he
t
h
20 bui
l
d,saymodul
eLnowt
het
est
i
ngt
eam get
saser
verwhi
chi
ssi
mi
l
art
ot
hepr
oduct
i
onser
ver(
r
eal
t
i
meser
veronwhi
cht
hes/
wwi
l
lr
unatt
hecl
i
ent

spl
ace)andi
ns
t
al
lt
hes/
wt
her
eandt
heyst
ar
tof
f
wi
t
hsyst
em t
est
i
ng.
West
ar
tSyst
em Test
i
nga)
whent
hemi
ni
mum numberoff
eat
ur
esar
er
eady b)basi
cf
unct
i
onal
i
t
yofal
l
t
hemodul
esmustbewor
ki
ng
c)t
est
i
ngenvi
r
onmentshoul
dbesi
mi
l
art
opr
oduct
i
onenvi
r
onment
Wesayt
hatt
hepr
oducti
sr
eadyf
orr
el
easewhen,
a)al
lt
hef
eat
ur
esr
equest
edbycust
omerar
er
eady
b)whenal
lt
hef
unct
i
onal
i
t
y
,i
nt
egr
at
i
onandendt
oendscenar
i
osar
ewor
ki
ngf
i
ne
c)whent
her
ear
enocr
i
t
i
calbugs
d)bugsar
et
her
e,butal
lar
emi
norandl
essnumberofbugs
e)byt
hi
st
i
me,wewoul
dhavemett
hedeadl
i
neorr
el
easedat
ei
sver
ynear
.
Theent
i
r
eper
i
odr
i
ghtf
r
om col
l
ect
i
ngr
equi
r
ement
st
odel
i
ver
i
ngt
hes/
wt
ot
hecl
i
enti
sknownasr
el
ease.
Eacht
i
meanew modul
ei
sbui
l
tandol
dmodul
ei
st
est
edi
sknownasBui
l
dt
est
i
ng.Eachbui
l
dt
akes
about5daysormor
eorl
ess.
I
ni
nt
er
vi
ew,whent
heyaskhowmanybui
l
dshaveut
est
edopt
i
mum answerwoul
dbe26
30bui
l
ds.
Thet
est
i
ngenvi
r
onmentshoul
dbesi
mi
l
art
opr
oduct
i
onenvi
r
onmentmeans,
41|Page

1)Thehar
dwar
eshoul
dbesi
mi
l
art
opr
oduct
i
ona)Themake(manuf
act
ur
edby)shoul
dbesi
mi
l
art
o
pr
oduct
i
onser
ver(f
orex,i
ft
hepr
oduct
i
onser
veri
sHP,t
hent
estser
vershoul
dal
sobeHPser
ver)
b)
conf
i
gur
at
i
onandmakemustbesi
mi
l
ar
,butdi
f
f
er
entcapaci
t
i
esi
.
e,numberofCPUs)
.
2)Thesof
t
war
eshoul
dbesi
mi
l
art
opr
oduct
i
ona)TheOSshoul
dbesi
mi
l
arb)Appl
i
cat
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ar
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ashoul
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l
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oduct
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ona)Weshoul
dcr
eat
edat
asi
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l
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oduct
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onb)Weshoul
d
cr
eat
eascr
i
ptt
ocr
eat
eadummydat
awhi
chi
ssi
mi
l
art
opr
oduct
i
onenvi
r
onment.
ex whi
l
e20000
cr
eat
eUser
name
cr
eat
epasswor
di
nt
ot
abl
ecust
omer
Run
I
nr
ealt
i
meenvi
r
onment
,wemaymakel
akhsofent
r
i
esi
nt
odat
abase.But
,whi
l
et
est
i
ngwecan
tent
er
manual
l
yl
akhsofent
r
i
es,sowewr
i
t
eat
estscr
i
ptpr
ogr
am whi
chgener
at
est
housandsofent
i
r
eandt
hus
canbeusedf
ort
est
i
ng.
I
nTest
i
ngenvi
r
onment
,whoi
si
nvol
vedi
ni
nst
al
l
i
ngt
hesof
t
war
e?
Testengi
neer(anybodyf
r
om t
est
i
ngt
eam )
Anybodyf
r
om devel
opmentt
eam
Rel
easeengi
neer/Bui
l
dengi
neer
Bui
l
dBui
l
di
sapi
eceofsof
t
war
ewhi
chi
scopi
ed,unz
i
ppedandi
nst
al
l
edatt
het
est
i
ngser
ver
.
D:/Bui
l
d/B01/01.
z
i
p
COMPRESS

BI
N
BI
NARI
ES

01

01

01

01

COMPI
LE

DEVELOPERS
Al
lt
hepr
ogr
amswi
l
lbecompi
l
edandt
hencompr
essed(compr
essedf
i
l
eshoul
dbei
nz
i
p,r
ar
,war
,gunz
i
p,
t
ar
,j
ar)f
or
matandcompr
essedf
i
l
ei
scal
l
edbui
l
dwhi
chi
scopi
edandpast
edi
nt
het
es
tenvi
r
onment
,
i
nst
al
l
edandwest
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
hesof
t
war
e.
CASE1:TestEngi
neeri
si
nst
al
l
i
ngt
hes/
w
REX
D:/Bui
l
ds/B01/01.
z
i
p

COMPRESS

01.
z
i
p

42|Page

Unz
i
pi
tandi
nst
al
l
at
i
oni
s
donebyt
heTestEngi
neer

Devel
oper
s

Test
i
ngt
eam

Her
e,t
hedevel
oper
soncet
heygett
her
equi
r
ement
s
,t
heyst
ar
tdevel
opi
ngt
hesof
t
war
e.Aseachf
eat
ur
e
i
sbui
l
t
,t
hecodei
scompi
l
ed,compr
essedands
t
or
edi
nacompr
essedf
or
mat
.I
nt
heaboveexampl
e,t
he
f
i
r
stbui
l
di
sshown.Assoonast
hef
i
r
stbui
l
di
sr
eady
,t
hedevel
opmentl
eadsendsamai
lt
ot
het
estl
ead
say
i
ngt
hatt
hef
i
r
stbui
l
di
sr
eadyandt
heycanst
ar
tt
est
i
ngi
t
.Heal
sogi
vest
henameoft
heser
verand
t
hef
i
l
ei
nwhi
cht
hef
i
r
stbui
l
di
sst
or
ed.Thet
estengi
neert
hengoest
ot
hedevel
opmentser
vernamedRex,
andcopi
est
hef
i
l
et
ot
het
est
i
ngser
ver
.Het
henunz
i
pst
hef
i
l
e,i
nst
al
l
st
hes/
wi
nt
het
est
i
ngt
eam ser
ver
andal
l
ot
st
hevar
i
ousf
eat
ur
esoft
hef
i
r
s
tbui
l
dt
obet
est
edt
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam.
CASE2:Devel
opi
si
nst
al
l
i
ngt
hesof
t
war
e
Whent
hedevel
operi
si
nst
al
l
i
ngt
hes/
wi
nt
het
est
i
ngenvi
r
onment
,andt
estengi
neert
eam shoul
dopen
t
hebr
owser
,copyt
heURLt
hati
ssentbyt
hedevel
operandpast
ei
ti
nt
hebr
owser
.I
ft
hedevel
oper
i
nst
al
l
s
,t
hey
l
lgi
veuser
nameandpasswor
d.Thet
estl
eadt
henl
ogsi
nusi
ngt
hegi
vent
heuser
nameand
passwor
d,andcr
eat
eshi
sownuser
nameandpasswor
dt
hr
oughwhi
cht
het
est
i
ngt
eam wi
l
ll
ogi
nand
st
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
hesof
t
war
e.
CASE3:Rel
easeengi
neer/Bui
l
dEngi
neer
Rel
easeengi
neeri
st
heonewhomanagest
hesour
cecode.I
ft
hedevel
oper
sar
ewor
ki
ngatdi
f
f
er
ent
l
ocat
i
on,t
her
el
easeengi
neerf
i
r
sti
nst
al
l
saVCT(Ver
si
onCont
r
olTool)l
i
keCVS,VSS,Cl
earCaseand
cr
eat
esaf
ol
deri
nt
het
ool
.Thedevel
oper
sshoul
dcopyandpast
et
hepr
ogr
amsi
nt
ot
hatf
ol
der
.Oncet
he
f
ol
deri
sl
ocked,t
hedev
el
oper
scan
tsend t
hei
rpr
ogr
amswhen t
hef
ol
deri
sl
ocked.Now,r
el
ease
engi
neerwi
l
lcompi
l
e,compr
essandt
henbui
l
das/
w.Now hewi
l
lonl
yi
nst
al
lt
hes/
wi
nsi
det
het
est
envi
r
onment(
t
est
i
ngser
ver
)andsendsamai
lt
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam.Thet
est
i
ngt
eam t
henst
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
he
s/
w.I
ft
heyf
i
ndbugs,t
heyr
epor
ti
tt
ot
hedevel
oper
s
.Oncet
hedevel
oper
sf
i
xt
hesebugsandcr
eat
esa
newmodul
esi
mul
t
aneousl
y,t
hef
ol
derwi
l
lbeunl
ockedandonceagai
nt
hedevel
oper
ssendt
hepr
ogr
ams
i
nt
ot
hatf
ol
derwhi
chi
sl
ockedaf
t
eranewbui
l
dhasbeendevel
oped.

D:/
/Bui
l
d/B01/01.
z
i
p
Compr
ess

Test
i
ngTeam /Ser
ver

Ther
el
easeengi
neerwi
l
lcopyandpast
e
t
hebui
l
dort
hes/
wandi
nst
al
lt
hes/
w
i
nsi
det
heTestEnvi
r
onment
.
Compi
l
edby
Rel
easeEngi
neer

43|Page

Rel
ease
Engi
neer
Cr
eat
es
Af
ol
der

Thef
ol
derwi
l
lbel
ockedandr
el
easedl
at
er

I
ndi
aDevel
oper
s
Chi
naDevel
oper
s
Ther
el
easeengi
neerper
f
or
ms2f
unct
i
ons
,
Managessour
cecode
Cr
eat
esabui
l
dandt
heyi
nst
al
li
nt
het
estenvi
r
onment

USdevel
oper
s

Whenevert
heRel
easeEngi
neercompi
l
est
hepr
ogr
am,i
ft
hepr
ogr
am doesnotcompi
l
et
henhewi
l
lsend
t
hepr
ogr
am backt
ot
hedevel
oper
sandaskt
hem t
ocheck(
or
)nott
osendt
hatpr
ogr
am att
hatpar
t
i
cul
ar
bui
l
d.
Whendowef
i
ndRel
easeEngi
neer(
i
ng)?
Whent
hepr
oducti
scompl
exandbi
g
Whenmor
enumberofdevel
oper
sar
et
her
e
Oncet
hepr
oducti
sr
eadyt
or
el
easet
ot
hecust
omer
,t
henr
el
easeengi
neerwi
l
lonl
yr
el
easet
hepr
oduct
t
ot
hecust
omerbecausehewi
l
lbeknowi
ngwhi
chpi
eceofsof
t
war
ei
swor
ki
ngf
i
ne.
TheAut
omat
i
cr
el
easeoft
heBui
l
dcanal
sobedonebyt
her
el
easeengi
neer
.Heshoul
dwr
i
t
eascr
i
pt
whi
l
ecompi
l
i
ngt
hepr
ogr
am.I
ft
her
el
easeengi
neerf
i
ndsanybugsi
nt
hepr
ogr
am,hewi
l
lgoandseewho
haswr
i
t
t
ent
hatpr
ogr
am andsendst
hatpr
ogr
am t
ot
hatdevel
oper(t
of
i
xt
hebugandsendornoti
nser
t
t
hatpr
ogr
am i
nt
ot
hatf
ol
der)
.Al
lt
heact
i
vi
t
i
esdonebyRel
easeEngi
neeri
scal
l
edRel
easeManagement
orRel
ease Engi
neer
i
ng.Fort
he ent
i
r
e pr
oj
ectt
o manage r
esour
ces,we use VCT.Whenevert
he
devel
oper
swantt
ot
aket
hepr
ogr
am outf
r
om t
heVCT,weusecheckoutopt
i
on.Whenevert
hedevel
oper
want
st
oi
nser
tapr
ogr
am i
nt
ot
heVCT,weusechecki
nopt
i
on.
Testcycl
eTi
mespentont
est
i
ngabui
l
dorsof
t
war
ecompl
et
el
y/t
i
met
akenbyt
het
estengi
neert
o
compl
et
el
yt
estonesof
t
war
e.
5days1stt
estcycl
e

5days2nd t
estcycl
e

5days3rd t
estcycl
e

Thedevel
operwr
i
t
esapr
ogr
am andcr
eat
esamodul
eAandsendst
hemodul
et
ot
het
estengi
neerf
or
t
est
i
ng.Thet
estengi
neert
est
st
hemodul
eand f
i
ndsbugsand r
epor
t
st
hem t
ot
hedevel
oper
.The
devel
operf
i
xest
hebugandal
socr
eat
esanew modul
eB.Thedev
el
oper
sonl
yi
nt
egr
at
emodul
eA&B
andsendi
tt
ot
estengi
neer
.Thet
estengi
neerwi
l
luni
nst
al
lt
heol
ds/
wandi
nst
al
l
st
henews/
wandt
hen
doesf
unct
i
onalandi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
es
t
i
ngf
orA&B.Whenevert
henewmodul
ei
sgi
venf
ort
es
t
i
ng,i
ft
het
est
engi
neercat
chesbugsandr
epor
t
si
t
,t
hedevel
oper
sf
i
xest
hebugs.But
,t
hedevel
operdoesnotsendt
hat
par
t
i
cul
armodul
ef
ort
est
i
ng,i
nst
eadhesendst
hef
i
xedmodul
eal
ongwi
t
ht
henewmodul
ef
ort
est
i
ng.
Whenevert
henew bui
l
dcomes
,weshoul
dal
waysuni
nst
al
lt
heol
dbui
l
dandi
nst
al
lt
henew bui
l
d(
l
at
est
bui
l
d)
.Wheneverweuni
nst
al
l
,al
lt
heaccount
sanddat
acr
eat
edwi
l
lbedel
et
ed.So,wheneverwei
nst
al
l
new bui
l
dwemustal
waysl
ogi
nwi
t
hmanagerUser
nameandPasswor
dandcr
eat
eourownUser
name
andPasswor
d.
44|Page

Whent
hef
i
r
stbui
l
dcomesi
n,i
mmedi
at
el
ywef
i
ndabugandsendi
ti
mmedi
at
el
yt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.
Thus,i
mmedi
at
el
ywef
i
ndabugwi
t
hi
nacycl
e.I
fanot
herbui
l
dcomeswi
t
hi
nacycl
ewher
et
hebugi
s
f
i
xed,t
henwecal
li
tr
espi
n.
Wef
i
ndr
espi
nwhent
het
estengi
neerf
i
ndsbl
ockerdef
ect
s/cr
i
t
i
caldef
ect
s.Forex,i
ft
hel
ogi
nf
eat
ur
e
i
t
sel
fi
snotwor
ki
ngi
ngmai
l
,t
hent
het
estengi
neercannotcont
i
nuewi
t
hhi
st
est
i
ngandi
thast
obef
i
xed
i
mmedi
at
el
yt
husr
espi
ncomesi
nt
opi
ct
ur
e.I
nbox,Composemai
l
,Senti
t
emsar
enotbl
ockerdef
ect
s.
Mor
enumberofr
espi
ni
nacycl
emeanst
hedevel
operhasnotbui
l
tt
hepr
oductpr
oper
l
y.
Whenevert
hedevel
operwr
i
t
essomanypr
ogr
amsandsendst
hemodul
ef
ort
est
i
ng.Thet
estengi
neer
f
i
ndsbugsandr
epor
t
si
tt
ot
hedevel
oper
s
.Oncet
hedevel
opercomest
oknowt
hebug,hewi
l
ll
ooki
nt
o
t
hesour
cecode,i
ft
hepr
obl
em i
swi
t
honl
y1pr
ogr
am andt
hatt
ooonl
yaf
ewl
i
neshewi
l
lf
i
xt
hebug.He
(
t
hedevel
oper
)wi
l
lt
aket
hemodi
f
i
edpr
ogr
am,compi
l
ei
tandcompr
essi
ti
nt
oi
nst
al
l
abl
e(f
or
mat)and
sendsamai
lt
ot
het
estengi
neert
hatapat
chf
i
l
ehasbeensent
.Oncet
het
estengi
neerst
ar
t
si
nst
al
l
i
ng
t
hi
spat
chf
i
l
e,t
hepr
ogr
am whi
chhaddef
ectwi
l
lber
epl
acedbyt
hecor
r
ect
edpr
ogr
am.
Pat
chi
sapi
eceofsof
t
war
ewhi
chhasonl
ymodi
f
i
edpr
ogr
ams.
DEVELOPMENTSERVER

TESTI
NGSERVER

Theabovef
i
gur
eshowshow apat
chf
i
l
ei
si
nst
al
l
ed.Letusconsi
dert
hatt
het
est
i
ngt
eam havei
nst
al
l
ed
t
hebui
l
dandst
ar
t
edt
est
i
ngt
hes/
w.t
heyf
i
ndbugsandr
epor
ti
tt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.Thebl
ock
(
shaded)i
st
hedef
ectpr
ogr
am.Thedevel
operl
ooksatt
hedef
ectpr
ogr
am andseest
hati
tj
us
tneedsa
f
ew mi
norchanges.Hemakest
henecessar
ychanges,compi
l
esi
tand compr
essi
tand cr
eat
esan
i
nst
al
l
abl
e(pat
ch)andgoest
ot
het
est
i
ngser
verandj
usti
nst
al
l
st
hepat
chf
i
l
ewhi
chhast
hemodi
f
i
ed
pr
ogr
am.Thet
est
i
ngt
eam neednothavet
ouni
nst
al
l
andi
nst
al
l
t
hebui
l
dagai
n.

I
NTERVI
EW Ti
ps&Quest
i
ons
1)Whati
sBui
l
d?
Ans)Answeri
si
nt
henot
es
2)I
nwhatf
or
matwi
l
lyougetbui
l
ds?
Ans)i
ncompr
essedf
or
matl
i
keazi
pf
i
l
e,t
arf
i
l
e,r
arf
i
l
e,j
arf
i
l
eet
c.

45|Page

Whenwegetaj
ob,wewi
l
lbewor
ki
ngon3t
ypesofpr
oj
ect
s,
St
andal
oneappl
i
cat
i
onsof
t
war
ei
nst
al
l
edi
nonecomput
erandusedbyonl
yoneper
son.Forex
I
nst
al
l
i
ngs/
wofaCal
cul
at
or
,AdobePhot
oshop,MSOf
f
i
ce,Aut
oCad
WebAppl
i
cat
i
onanyappl
i
cat
i
onsof
t
war
eaccessedt
hr
oughbr
owseri
scal
l
edwebappl
i
cat
i
on.
Forexyahoo.
com,gmai
l
.
com
Cl
i
entSer
verappl
i
cat
i
onher
e,wear
ei
nst
al
l
i
ngbot
hcl
i
entandser
versof
t
war
et
oaccesst
he
appl
i
cat
i
on.
Test
i
ngWEBAPPLI
CATI
ON

DEVELOPMENTSERVER-REX

Composemai
lf
eat
ur
e
Javacompi
l
epr
ogr
am
compr
essi
tst
or
ei
tas
.
JARf
i
l
e

Anot
herf
eat
ur
e
dat
abasecompi
l
ei
t
compr
essi
tst
or
ei
tas
.
TARf
i
l
e

Cal
endarf
eat
ur
eHTML
compi
l
ei
tcompr
essi
t
st
or
ei
tas.
WARf
i
l
e

Si
gnUpf
eat
ur
eJSP
compi
l
ei
tcompr
essi
t
st
or
ei
tas.
JARf
i
l
e

DEVELOPERS
Compose mai
l
,I
nbox, Sent I
t
ems, Tr
ash, Spam,
Cont
act
s,Si
gnUp,Logi
n,LogOut
,For
gotpasswor
d,
Set
t
i
ngs,Document
s,Tasks,Cal
endar
,Hel
p,Chat
.
.Et
c

REQUI
REMENTS

Thecust
omersendst
her
equi
r
ement
st
obot
hdevel
opmentt
eam andt
est
i
ngt
eam.Now,t
het
estl
eadwi
l
l
under
s
t
andt
her
equi
r
ement
sandl
ogi
cal
l
yassi
gnt
hewor
kt
oot
hert
eam member
s
.
Thedevel
oper
swr
i
t
et
hepr
ogr
amst
obui
l
dt
hef
eat
ur
es.Theyhavet
obui
l
dt
hevar
i
ousf
eat
ur
esgi
venby
t
her
equi
r
ement
soft
hecust
omer
s
.Thedevel
operusesdi
f
f
er
entl
anguagesandcompi
l
esandcompr
ess
es
t
hepr
ogr
ams.
46|Page

Thedevel
opercompi
l
est
heJavapr
ogr
am andt
hencompr
essesi
tt
o.
Jarf
i
l
e.
Thedevel
opercompi
l
est
heJSPpr
ogr
am andt
hencompr
essesi
tt
o.
Jarf
i
l
e.
Thedevel
operwi
l
lcompi
l
et
hedat
abaseandt
hencompr
essi
tt
o.
Tarf
i
l
e.
Thedevel
oper
swi
l
lnotcompi
l
et
heHTMLdi
r
ect
l
yandcompr
essi
tt
o.
Warf
i
l
e.
Nowagai
nhewi
l
lcompr
es
sal
lt
hecompr
essedf
i
l
ei
nt
o.
t
arandput
si
ti
nt
o1f
i
l
eandst
or
esi
ti
nD:dr
i
ve
as, D:/
/Bui
l
ds/B01z
apakmai
l.t
arandsendsamai
l
t
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam.
I
nt
het
estenvi
r
onment1sthewi
l
li
nst
al
lt
heOS,WebSer
ver
,Appl
i
cat
i
onSer
ver
,Dat
abaseSer
ver
.Thi
si
s
donebef
or
ei
nst
al
l
i
ngt
hepr
oductsof
t
war
e.Af
t
eri
nst
al
l
i
ng,hewi
l
l
copyf
r
om D:dr
i
veandpast
et
heTar
bui
l
d.Hewi
l
lt
henunt
ar
,t
henweget.
j
ar
,.
t
ar
,.
war
,.
j
arf
i
l
es
.
Al
lJSPsandWebHTMLpr
ogr
amsshoul
dbemovedi
nt
oWebSer
ver
.Al
l
JavaPr
ogr
amsshoul
dbemoved
i
nt
oAppl
i
cat
i
onSer
verandal
lDat
aBasepr
ogr
amsgoest
oDat
aBaseSer
ver
.Al
lt
hi
si
si
l
l
ust
r
at
edi
nt
he
f
i
gur
ebel
ow,
TESTI
NGSERVER
Oper
at
i
ngSyst
em
Zapakmai
l.t
ar
WEB
SERVER

OnceUnt
ar
r
ed

HTML.war

JSP.j
ar
APPLI
CATI
ON
SERVER
JAVA.j
ar

Dat
abase.t
ar

DATABASE
SERVER

ForWebAppl
i
cat
i
on,t
heWebSer
ver
,Appl
i
cat
i
onSer
ver
,Dat
abaseSer
vershoul
dbei
nst
al
l
ed.Oncet
he
appl
i
cat
i
oni
sr
eadyf
ort
es
t
i
ng,t
het
estl
eadwi
l
lsendamai
l
t
ohi
st
eam wi
t
ht
hef
ol
l
owi
ngURL,
ht
t
p:/
/QA.
z
apakmai
l
.
com
wi
t
hal
lt
heabover
equi
r
edf
eat
ur
esl
i
kecomposemai
l
,i
nbox,senti
t
emset
c.
Thet
estengi
neerwi
l
lopent
hebr
owserandcopi
est
heur
lsentt
ohi
m al
ongwi
t
ht
heuser
nameand
passwor
d.
*
*
*
Whenevernewbui
l
dcomes,
TestLeadr
emovesal
lpr
ogr
amsi
nWeb,Appl
i
cat
i
onandDat
abaseSer
ver
s
Onceagai
ncopy,unt
arandmov
enewf
i
l
est
ot
hei
rspeci
f
i
cser
ver
Onceagai
nst
ar
tt
heser
ver
Test
i
ngCLI
ENTSERVERappl
i
cat
i
on:
47|Page

ExYahoomessenger
,Gt
al
k,ATM
Her
e,weconsi
dert
heexampl
eofYahooMessenger:
I
tr
equi
r
es2sof
t
war
ecl
i
entsof
t
war
eandser
versof
t
war
e.
yahoo.exe

downl
oadandi
nst
al
l

REQUEST

CLI
ENTSof
t
war
e

RESPONSE

YahooChat
Ser
ver

SERVERSof
t
war
e
Her
e,Yahoomessengers/
wi
st
hecl
i
ents/
wandYahooser
veri
st
heser
vers/
w.
Themai
nuseofser
vers/
wi
s,
Ser
veri
susedt
ocommuni
cat
et
hei
nf
or
mat
i
on
Tost
or
et
hei
nf
or
mat
i
on
Her
e,we1st downl
oadyahoomessengeri
nt
ot
hecl
i
entsof
t
war
e,t
hes/
wi
si
nst
al
l
edf
r
om t
heser
ver
.
Yahoomessengeri
si
nst
al
l
edi
nt
hecl
i
entser
ver
.I
tt
hendi
spl
ayst
heuser
nameandpasswor
dpage(
Logi
n
page)
.Oncet
hecl
i
entent
er
st
heuser
nameandpasswor
dandsubmi
t
s,t
her
equestwi
l
lbesentt
ot
he
ser
ver
,i
twi
l
lsendar
esponset
odi
spl
ayt
heHomepage.Ther
esponsei
scomi
ngf
r
om t
hecl
i
entser
v
er
i
t
sel
f
.Thecl
i
entdi
spl
ayst
henextwi
ndow.
Whenweent
ert
hei
nf
or
mat
i
onandsubmi
t
,i
tgoest
ot
heYahooSer
verandst
or
esi
nf
or
mat
i
onandsends
ar
esponse.Thecl
i
entser
verdi
spl
ayst
henextwi
ndowbecauseoft
heexecut
abl
eYahooMessenger
.Exe
f
i
l
eont
hecl
i
ent

sPC.
Thecal
endar
,cont
act
set
candal
lot
herf
eat
ur
esoft
heYahooMessengerwi
l
lopenf
r
om t
hecl
i
ents/
wonl
y
becausehehasal
r
eadydownl
oadedandi
nst
al
l
edt
hes/
wbef
or
eonl
y.
Wheneverwedoubl
ecl
i
ckonCont
act
s
,t
hepage/
wi
ndowwi
l
lbedi
spl
ayedonceweent
ert
hedet
ai
l
sand
submi
t
,t
her
equestgoest
ot
heser
verandst
or
est
hei
nf
or
mat
i
onandr
esponsei
ssentback.

DEVELOPMENTSERVER-Rex
D:/
/Bui
l
ds/B01/yms.t
ar
D:/
/Bui
l
ds/B01/yms.exe

Copyandpast
e
i
nt
ot
est
i
ngser
ver

COMPRESSANDCOMPI
LE
SERVER

yms

.t
ar

yms

.exe

Unt
arandi
nst
al
li
nt
est
i
ngser
ver

48|Page

YahooMsngr

Hey!
!

TESTI
NGTEAM

Bye!
!
Repl
y!
!

LocalComput
ert
o
checkwhet
hert
he
Yahoomessengeri
s
wor
ki
ngornot
.I
twi
l
l
bepr
esenti
nt
he
Test
i
ngt
eam onl
y.

Oncet
hedevel
operwr
i
t
est
hepr
ogr
am f
orYahooMessengerandser
ver
,hecompi
l
esandcompr
esses,
Ser
vers/
wwi
l
lbenamedasyms.
t
ar
Cl
i
ents/
wwi
l
lbenamedasym.
exe
Thi
si
ssavedi
nt
hef
ol
deras,
D:/
/Bui
l
ds/B01/yms.
t
ar
D:/
/Bui
l
ds/B01/ym.
exe
49|Page

Thi
si
scopi
edt
oQA(t
estenvi
r
onment)f
r
om Rex(
devel
opmentenvi
r
onment)andpast
esbot
ht
hebui
l
d.
Yms.
t
ari
sunt
ar
r
edandi
nst
al
li
ti
nQAser
ver
Thent
estengi
neerdownl
oadsandi
ns
t
al
l
sym.
exei
nt
hei
rcomput
eraswel
last
hel
ocalcomput
er
.Now
st
ar
tt
est
i
ngal
lt
hef
eat
ur
es.
Whenabugi
sdet
ect
ed,i
tcanwi
t
herbei
ncl
i
ents/
worser
vers/
w.changescanbedonei
nser
vers/
wor
cl
i
ents/
w.
Ther
ear
ecaseswher
ewecanpr
edi
ctormaynotpr
edi
ctwher
et
hedef
ecti
s.
Whent
heTestengi
neeri
ssendi
ngbugst
ot
hedevel
oper
s
,t
hedevel
oper
swi
l
lf
i
xt
hebugsandaddnew
f
eat
ur
esi
nei
t
herser
vers/
worcl
i
ents/
worbot
h.
Whent
henew s/
w bui
l
di
ssentt
ot
heTest
i
ngt
eam.Theywi
l
luni
nst
al
lt
heser
verandi
nst
al
l
st
henew
ser
vers/
w.Theywi
l
lal
souni
nst
al
lt
heYM i
nt
hei
rcomput
erandi
nst
al
lnew YM becausebyaddi
ngnew
f
eat
ur
es,t
hepr
evi
ousYM maynotwor
kpr
oper
l
y
.
What
everOSi
susedbyenduser
s
,t
hes/
whast
obet
est
edi
nal
l
Os(
s)
.ExXP,Vi
st
a,Wi
ndows7et
c
Test
i
ngt
hes/
wi
ndi
f
f
er
entOS(
es)i
scal
l
edcompat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
.
Test
i
ngSTANDALONEappl
i
cat
i
on:

D:/
/Bui
l
ds/B01/Aut
oCad.exe
Compr
ess
Compi
l
e

Aut
oCad.exe

DEVELOPMENT TEAM

Aut
oCad.exe

Aut
oCad.exe

TESTI
NG TEAM

Exampl
esofst
andal
oneappl
i
cat
i
onsar
ePhot
oshopedi
t
or
,Ner
o,MSwor
d,et
c
Her
e,wear
ei
nst
al
l
i
ngonl
y1s/
wwhi
chi
scl
i
ents/
w.
Thedevel
oper
swr
i
t
et
hepr
ogr
ams
,t
heycompi
l
eandcompr
essandsavei
ti
n,
D:/
/Bui
l
ds/B01/Aut
oCad.
exe
Devel
opmentl
eadsendsamai
lt
oTestl
eadsayi
ngt
hatt
hepr
oducti
sr
eady.
Now,t
heTest
i
ngTeam shoul
dcopy
,past
eandi
nst
al
lt
hes/
wi
nhi
sowncomput
erorl
ocalcomput
erand
t
estt
heal
l
ot
t
edf
eat
ur
es.
Whenevert
hedevel
opers
endsanew Bui
l
d,t
heTestengi
neerwi
l
luni
nst
al
lt
heol
dbui
l
dandi
nst
al
lt
he
new bui
l
d.Bef
or
er
el
easi
ngt
hepr
oduct
,weshoul
dal
sot
estf
orcompat
i
bi
l
i
t
y
.Al
waysweshoul
dwor
kon
l
at
estbui
l
d.
RELI
ABI
LI
TY TESTI
NG
Test
i
ngt
hef
unct
i
onal
i
t
yofanappl
i
cat
i
oncont
i
nuousl
yf
orapar
t
i
cul
arper
i
odoft
i
me.
Forexl
etusconsi
derourcel
l
phones/mobi
l
es
.Thes/
w maynotwor
kcont
i
nuousl
y.I
nmobi
l
e,af
t
era
week(
or
)t
endays,t
hephonemayhangupbecausewhat
everf
eat
ur
ei
spr
esenti
nt
hephone,wheneveri
t
50|Page

i
susedi
tcont
i
nuousl
ycr
eat
esanobj
ecti
nt
heRAM oft
hephone.Oncet
heRAM i
scompl
et
el
yf
i
l
l
edwi
t
h
obj
ect
s,i
fwegetanycal
lormessagewewi
l
lbeunabl
et
opr
esst
hecal
lbut
t
onandt
hephonehangsup.
Thuswemakeuseofacl
eanupsof
t
war
e.Whenweswi
t
chof
ft
hephoneandswi
t
chi
tonagai
n,al
lt
he
obj
ect
si
nt
heRAM get
sdel
et
ed.
Fordoi
ngRel
i
abi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng,wewr
i
t
eanaut
omat
edpr
ogr
am orscr
i
ptandcl
i
ckonRun.WedoRel
i
abi
l
i
t
y
t
est
i
ngusi
ngr
eadymadet
ool
sandnotmanual
l
y
.Thet
estengi
neerwi
l
lr
unt
hepr
ogr
amsusi
ngAut
omat
ed
t
ool
s.
RECOVERYTESTI
NG
Test
i
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
ont
ocheckhowwel
li
tr
ecover
sf
r
om cr
ashesordi
sast
er
s.

Thest
epsi
nvol
vedi
nRecover
yTest
i
ngar
e,

1.I
nt
r
oducedef
ectandcr
asht
heappl
i
cat
i
onSomebodywi
l
lgui
deusast
ohow andwhenwi
l
lt
he
sof
t
war
ecr
ash.OR.Byexper
i
enceaf
t
erf
ewmont
hsofexper
i
enceonwor
ki
ngt
hepr
oj
ect
,wecan
gett
oknowhowandwhent
hes/
wcanandwi
l
lcr
ash.
2.Whenevers/
w cr
ashes,i
tshoul
dnotdi
sappearbutshoul
dwr
i
t
eer
r
orl
ogmessage(
or
)cr
ashl
og
messagewher
ei
nr
eason f
orcr
ashi
ng shoul
d bespeci
f
i
ed.Ex C :/
/Pr
ogr
am Fi
l
es/
QTP

/
cr
ash.
l
og

3.I
tshoul
dki
l
li
t
sownpr
ocessbef
or
ei
tdi
sappear
s
.ForexI
nWi
ndows,wehaveTaskManagert
o
showwhi
chpr
ocesswi
l
lber
unni
ng.
4.Reopent
heappl
i
cat
i
on.Theappl
i
cat
i
onmus
tber
eopenedwi
t
hpr
evi
ousset
t
i
ngs.
Forexwhenusi
ngMoz
i
l
l
aFi
r
eFox,i
ft
hepowergoesof
f
.Whenweswi
t
chont
hePCandr
eopenMoz
i
l
l
a
Fi
r
eFox,wegetamessageaski
ngwhet
herwewantt
ost
ar
tanewsessi
onorr
est
or
epr
evi
oussessi
on.
Foranypr
oductdevel
oped,t
hedevel
oper
swr
i
t
ear
ecover
ymechani
sm whi
chexpl
ai
nswhyt
hes/
wi
s
cr
ashi
ng,whet
hercr
ashl
ogmessagesar
ewr
i
t
t
enornot
,et
c.
ACCEPTANCE TESTI
NG
Accept
ancet
est
i
ngi
sdonebyenduser
s.Her
e,t
heyuset
hes/
wf
ort
hebusi
nessf
orapar
t
i
cul
ar
per
i
odoft
i
meandcheckwhet
hert
hes/
w canhandl
eal
lki
ndsofr
eal
t
i
mebusi
nessscenar
i
os/
si
t
uat
i
ons.

ForAccept
ancet
est
i
ng,l
etusconsi
dert
heexampl
eshownbel
ow.

WI
PRO

FED-EX

Fedexwi
t
hi
t
sr
equi
r
ement
sasksWi
pr
ot
odevel
opt
hes/
wandWi
pr
oagr
eest
ogi
vet
hes/
wi
n2r
el
eas
es
l
i
kebel
ow,
Jan2010

25cr
or
es

Sept2010

Sept2010

18cr
or
es

Feb2011

OnSept
ember8th,t
es
tmanagert
el
l
st
hepr
oj
ectmanagert
hatt
her
ei
sacr
i
t
i
calbugi
nt
heappl
i
cat
i
on
51|Page

whi
chwi
l
lt
akeanot
her5dayst
of
i
xi
t
.
Butt
hepr
oj
ectmanagersaysyouj
ustdel
i
vert
heappl
i
cat
i
onandbyt
het
i
met
heyi
mpl
ementi
nFedex,i
t
t
akesanot
her25dayssowecanf
i
xt
hebugsorot
her
wi
sewewi
l
lhavet
opayt
hepenal
t
yf
oreachday
af
t
ert
hes
ai
dr
el
easeday.I
st
hi
st
her
ealscenar
i
o?No.Thenwhathappens,wewi
l
lseenowi
n3cas
es
whi
chr
eal
l
yandwhor
eal
l
ydoest
heaccept
ancet
es
t
i
ng.
CASE1:
-her
e,wewi
l
ldi
scusshow t
heaccept
ancet
est
i
ngi
sdoneorhow t
het
estengi
neert
est
i
ng
becomest
heaccept
ancet
es
t
i
ngher
e.

CODI
NG

WBT

Funct
i
onal
Test
i
ng

I
nt
egr
at
i
on
Test
i
ng

Pr
oductt
o
Cust
omer

Syst
em
Test
i
ng

Usual
l
y,t
heact
ualf
l
owoft
est
i
ngwi
l
lbel
i
keabove.But
,her
easmal
ldi
f
f
er
enceweseewher
et
hesyst
em
t
est
i
ngorendt
oendt
est
i
ngbecomest
heaccept
ancet
est
i
ng.Tounder
st
andt
hi
s,f
ol
l
ow t
hesequence
bel
ow,
Fedexgi
vest
her
equi
r
ement
sandWi
pr
odevel
opst
hes/
wanddoal
l
t
est
i
ngandgi
vesi
tt
oFedex
Ar
et
heFedexgoi
ngt
ouset
hes/
w assoonast
heygetf
r
om Wi
pr
o?NO,cer
t
ai
nl
ynot
.Thenwhatdo
t
heydo?Obser
ve,
Fedex,t
heyhavesomegr
oupofTestEngi
neer
sandaf
t
ert
heygett
hes/
w,t
hi
st
eam st
ar
t
st
est
i
ngi
t
.So,
nowwecanunder
st
andt
hatt
hought
het
estengi
neerdot
het
est
i
ngbuti
ti
sdoneatcust
omerl
evel
.Thi
s
endt
oendt
est
i
ngi
scal
l
edACCEPTANCETESTI
NG.
Thedi
f
f
er
encebet
weenWi
pr
ot
estengi
neer
sandFedext
estengi
neer
sar
e,
TheWi
pr
ot
est
i
ngdoFunct
i
onalTest
i
ng,I
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ngandSyst
em t
est
i
ng.ButatFedex,t
he
t
est
i
ngt
eam doonl
yendt
oendt
est
i
ng/sys
t
em t
est
i
ng.
Thedi
f
f
er
encebet
weenendt
oendt
est
i
ngofWi
pr
oandFedexi
s,
Fedexengi
neeri
sadomai
nexper
t
Fedexengi
neerunder
st
andst
hebusi
nesswel
l
Fedexengi
neert
est
sf
orr
ealt
i
medat
a
Fedexengi
neeri
st
heonewhogavet
her
equi
r
ement
s
.
Tounder
st
andt
hi
s,weseet
heexampl
ebel
ow.I
ft
heappl
i
cat
i
onf
or
mati
sl
i
kebel
ow,
NEW PARCEL
USERNAME
NEW PARCEL

PASSWORD

CHANGEADDRESS

FROM Addr
ess

DI
SPATCH
CANCEL
.

LOGOUT

TOAddr
ess

52|Page

WEI
GHT

SEND

CANCEL

PARCEL1DocketI
D
Pr
oduced

I
nt
heaboveexampl
e,af
t
ert
hepr
oducti
sgi
vent
oFedExTestEngi
neer
s,t
heydot
est
i
ngandt
heyknow
af
t
ert
heappl
i
cat
i
onhasbeenf
i
l
l
edabove,i
tshoul
dpr
oduceanmessagesayi
ng
Par
cel1DocketI
D
Pr
oduced
.I
ft
hi
si
snothappeni
ng,t
heygi
vebackt
heappl
i
cat
i
onf
orf
i
xi
ngbugs.Now,t
heFedExchecks
whet
hert
hi
sf
eat
ur
ei
st
her
eornoti
nt
her
equi
r
ement
.I
fi
ti
st
her
eandWi
pr
ohavenotdonef
i
xi
t
,t
hen
Penal
t
yCount
sf
orWi
pr
of
r
om t
hatday
,wher
east
heTEatWi
pr
owi
l
lnotbeknowi
ngt
hi
sandt
husar
i
s
es
t
hedi
f
f
er
encei
nt
est
i
ngatWi
pr
oandFedEx.
Thus,t
heTEbecomeENDUSERSher
eandt
hi
st
est
i
ngi
sknownasAccept
anceTest
i
ng.
CASE2:
I
nt
hi
scase,weseehowt
heempl
oyeesar
ebecomi
ngenduser
sanddoaccept
ancet
est
i
ng.
I
fBugi
st
her
e,sendi
tbackt
oWi
pr
o

Empl
oyeesdoi
ng
dummy
i
mpl
ement
at
i
onor
Test
i
ng

S/
wgi
vent
oFedEx

Thes/
wi
sdevel
opedandt
est
edatWi
pr
o
spl
aceandt
hensentt
oFedex.AtFedEx,t
heyhavel
essTEs
andsoi
ti
snotpossi
bl
ef
ort
hem t
odoAccept
ancet
est
i
ng.So,outof400empl
oyeesofFedex,Fedex
gi
vest
hes/
wt
o40empl
oyeesandi
nst
al
l
st
hepr
oductatt
hei
rsyst
emsandaskst
hem t
ost
ar
tusi
ngt
he
s/
wandcomeupwi
t
hbugsori
ssues.
Now,t
he40empl
oyees,t
heydodummyi
mpl
ement
at
i
on(
i
.
e,t
heyi
mpl
ementt
hedat
ai
nt
ot
heappl
i
cat
i
on
andal
sohav
et
hedat
awr
i
t
t
enmanual
l
y
)
.Now,t
heempl
oyeeher
ebecomest
heenduser
sandcomeup
wi
t
hbugsandi
ssueswhenusi
ngt
hes/
w.
Thesei
ssuesar
ever
i
f
i
edagai
nstr
equi
r
ement
sandnowpenal
t
yi
schar
gedf
orWi
pr
o(somet
i
mes,penal
t
y
i
schar
gedonanhour
l
ybasi
s)
.
I
ft
hebugf
oundi
snotasperr
equi
r
ement
,t
henFedExcangof
orCRorRFE.
CR ChangeRequesti
.
e,i
ft
her
equi
r
ementhasnotbeenspeci
f
i
edpr
oper
l
y,t
henFedExgi
vest
he
cor
r
ectr
equi
r
ementandr
equest
sf
orchange.
RFE RequestForEnhancementi
fFedExf
eel
st
hata par
t
i
cul
armodul
e can be enhanced and
devel
opedi
nabet
t
erway
,t
hent
heycansendt
heCRSasRFEandWi
pr
ogoesont
omaket
henecessar
y
changes.
Thus,Accept
anceTest
i
ngcanal
sobedef
i
nedasendt
oendt
est
i
ngdonebyengi
neer
ssi
t
t
i
ngi
n

cust
omer

spl
ace.Her
e,t
heyt
aker
ealt
i
mescenar
i
osandcheckwhet
hert
hes/
wwor
ksornot
.Her
eal
so,
wear
eabl
et
ot
aker
ealt
i
mebusi
nessscenar
i
osbecauset
heenduser
sknow how t
hebusi
nessf
l
ow
wor
ks.
53|Page

Wear
eget
t
i
ngmor
eandmor
ebui
l
dsf
orAccept
anceTest
i
ngmeans,
Thepr
oductqual
i
t
ywhi
chi
sdel
i
ver
edt
ocust
omer
si
snotgood.Devel
opmentandt
est
i
ngbot
har
e
notgood.
Af
t
err
ecei
vi
ngt
hes/
w,cust
omeri
sget
t
i
ngmor
eandmor
ei
deas,sohei
saski
ngf
ormor
eand
mor
echanges
Ther
equi
r
ementwhi
chwasgi
veni
nt
hebegi
nni
ngi
snotcl
ear
.
CASE3:
Her
e,t
heFedexcust
omer
sbecomet
heenduser
s
.
Her
e,t
hes/
wi
sdevel
opedandt
est
edandi
mpl
ement
edatFedexpr
oduct
i
onser
ver
sandt
housandsof
user
sst
ar
tusi
ngt
hes/
w.Thi
scompr
i
sest
he1str
el
ease.Whenusi
ngt
hes/
w,Fedexcomesupwi
t
hmor
e
numberoff
eat
ur
esandenhancement
sandsendst
heCRSt
oWi
pr
owhomaket
headdi
t
i
onalchangesand
modul
esandgi
vei
tt
oFedex.
Thus,whati
shappeni
ngher
ei
st
her
equi
r
ement
sar
ecol
l
ect
edbyFedexf
r
om cus
t
omer
sandenduser
s
andt
hent
hes/
wi
sdevel
oped.
Thenumberofcycl
esdependson,
Numberoff
eat
ur
es
Compl
exi
t
yoff
eat
ur
es
Hownewf
eat
ur
esaf
f
ectol
df
eat
ur
es
Hotf
i
xi
npr
oduct
i
onenvi
r
onment
,whenevert
hecl
i
entf
i
ndscr
i
t
i
calbugsdevel
oper
sf
i
xt
hebugs
smal
lt
eam ofTEst
esti
tr
ei
nst
al
lt
hes/
wcl
i
entst
ar
t
susi
ngt
henews/
w.Thi
sent
i
r
epr
ocessi
sknown
asHotf
i
x.I
tt
akesf
ewhour
st
o1day.
Forex,i
ft
hel
ogi
nf
eat
ur
ei
t
sel
fi
snotwor
ki
ngatt
hepr
oduct
i
onenvi
r
onment
,t
hent
hecl
i
enti
mmedi
at
el
y
sendsi
tf
orf
i
xi
ngwhi
chi
sdoneasap.
SLASer
vi
ceLevelAgr
eement
I
nt
er
i
m Rel
ease(shor
tr
el
ease)
.
Bet
ween2maj
orr
el
easest
her
ei
sashor
tr
el
easeofenhancement
st
hi
scomesupwhent
hecl
i
ent
r
equi
r
esasmal
lbunchoff
eat
ur
esver
yur
gent
l
y
.Outof70devel
oper
s,ar
ound10comeoutandoutof30
TEs,ar
ound3comeoutt
heydevel
opandt
estt
hes/
wcl
i
entdoes1shor
tr
oundofAccept
ancet
est
i
ng
bef
or
eaddi
ngi
tt
ot
hepr
oduct
i
onenvi
r
onmentt
hi
si
nt
er
i
m coul
dt
akej
ustar
ound15day
st
o1mont
h.
*
*
*SMOKE TESTI
NG orSANI
TY TESTI
NG orDRY RUN orSKI
M TESTI
NG orBUI
LD VERI
FI
CATI
ON
TESTI
NG*
*
*(
Ver
yver
yi
mpor
t
anti
nt
er
vi
ewquest
i
on)
Test
i
ngt
hebasi
corcr
i
t
i
calf
eat
ur
esofanappl
i
cat
i
onbef
or
edoi
ngt
hor
ought
est
i
ngorr
i
gor
oust
est
i
ngi
s
cal
l
edassmoket
est
i
ng.
I
ti
sal
socal
l
edBui
l
dVer
i
f
i
cat
i
onTest
i
ngbecausewecheckwhet
hert
hebui
l
di
sbr
okenornot
.
Wheneveranewbui
l
dcomesi
n,weal
waysst
ar
twi
t
hsmoket
est
i
ng,becausef
orever
ynewbui
l
dt
her
e
mi
ghtbesomechangeswhi
chmi
ghthavebr
okenamaj
orf
eat
ur
e(f
i
xi
ngt
hebugoraddi
nganewf
eat
ur
e
coul
dhaveaf
f
ect
edamaj
orpor
t
i
onoft
heor
i
gi
nal
sof
t
war
e)
.
I
nsmoket
est
i
ng,wedoonl
yposi
t
i
vet
est
i
ngi
.
e,weent
eronl
yval
i
ddat
aandnoti
nval
i
ddat
a.
Dowehavesepar
at
et
est
i
ng(
or
)dowehavet
odoi
ti
nbet
weenFT,I
T,ST?Then,wher
eact
ual
l
ydowe
dosmoket
es
t
i
ng?Obser
ve,

54|Page
CODI
NG
FT

I
T

ST

AT

WBT

I
nBet
weenSmokeTest
i
ng?NO

I
nBet
weenSmokeTest
i
ng?NO
Pr
oduct
i
on

Fr
om t
heabovedi
agr
am,i
tmaybeconf
usi
ngwhenweact
ual
l
ydosmoket
est
i
ng
Now,wehavet
ounder
st
andt
hats
moket
est
i
ngi
sdonei
nal
lt
est
i
ngbef
or
epr
oceedi
ngdeepi
nt
ot
he
t
est
i
ngwedo.
Thebel
owexampl
ewi
l
lmakeusunder
st
andbet
t
erwhent
odosmoket
est
i
ng,
Devel
oper
sdevel
opappl
i
cat
i
onandgi
vesi
tf
ort
est
i
ng.Thet
est
i
ngt
eam wi
l
lst
ar
twi
t
hFT.supposewe
st
ass
umet
hat5dayswear
egi
venf
orFT.ont
he1 day,wecheckonemodul
eandl
at
er2nd daywegof
or
t
h
anot
hermodul
e.Ont
he5 day,wef
i
ndacr
i
t
i
calbug,wheni
ti
sgi
vent
ot
hedevel
operhesaysi
twi
l
l
t
akeanot
her3dayst
of
i
xi
t
.Thenwehavet
ost
r
et
cht
her
el
easedat
et
oext
r
a3days.
Thenhowdoweover
comet
hi
s?Obser
vehowsmoket
est
i
ngwor
ksher
e.I
nt
heabovescenar
i
o,i
nst
ead
oft
est
i
ngmodul
ebymodul
edeepl
yandcomeupwi
t
hcr
i
t
i
calbugatt
heend,i
ti
sbet
t
ert
odosmoke
t
est
i
ngbef
or
ewegof
ordeept
est
i
ngi
.
e,i
neachmodul
ewehavet
ot
estf
orbasi
c(
or
)cr
i
t
i
cal
f
eat
ur
eand
REQUI
REMENTS
.
.
.

Gi
ven5daysf
orFunct
i
onalTest
i
ng

Devel
oper
sdevel
opappl
i
cat
i
on
1 2

Funct
i
onal
Test
i
ng

CRI
TI
CALBUG

I
nt
egr
at
i
on
Test
i
ng

Sendi
tt
odevel
oper

Syst
em
Test
i
ng

Fi
xi
ti
n3days

t
henpr
oceedf
ordeept
est
i
ng.Thescenar
i
owi
l
lbel
i
ket
hi
sasshowni
nt
hef
i
gur
ebel
ow,
Devel
oper
sdevel
op
t
heappl
i
cat
i
onandsend
i
tt
ot
est
i
ngt
eam

Funct
i
onalTest
i
ng

I
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng

Syst
em
Test
i
ng

55|Page

SmokeTest
i
ngf
orFT

SmokeTest
i
ngf
orI
T

Checkf
orbasi
c(
OR)cr
i
t
i
calf
eat
ur
es(
SMOKETESTI
NG)

SmokeTest
i
ngf
orSyst
em Test
i
ng

Fi
ndcr
i
t
i
calbug

Devel
opmentt
eam

Fi
xt
hebug(sot
hatt
her
el
easedat
ewi
l
lnotbe
st
r
et
ched)

Quest
i
onar
i
seshow doweknow whi
chi
st
hecr
i
t
i
calf
eat
ur
e?wewi
l
lcomet
oknow whi
chi
st
he
cr
i
t
i
calf
eat
ur
eorbasi
cf
eat
ur
ewhenwepr
oceedwi
t
ht
het
est
i
ng.

SmokeTest
i
ngi
nAccept
anceTest
i
ng
Copyt
hef
i
l
ef
r
om Test
i
ngser
vert
oEndUserser
ver

Syst
em
Test
i
ng

Accept
ance
Test
i
ng

Smoket
est
i
ngher
ei
nvol
veswhet
hert
heent
i
r
epr
oductwor
ksf
i
neandgoesf
or
Accept
anceTest
i
ng

Letusnowconsi
der3caseswher
ei
nwhi
chweseewher
ewedosmoket
est
i
ngi
ndi
f
f
er
entki
ndsoft
est
i
ng.

CASE1

CODI
NG

FT

I
T

ST

56|Page

WBT

GI
VEFORTESTI
NG

SmokeTest
i
ng

Maj
orBug

Backt
odevel
opmentt
eam t
of
i
xt
hebug

Maj
orbugi
nt
hei
ni
t
i
alst
agesi
sani
nsul
tt
ot
hedevel
oper
.
Somet
i
mes,t
hebel
owpr
ocedur
ei
sal
sof
ol
l
owed,

CODI
NG

WBT

SmokeTest
i
ngi
nWBT

Test
i
ngTeam

I
ft
hi
si
sdone,t
hent
het
est
i
ngt
eam neednotdosmoket
est
i
ngast
hebugsar
eal
r
eadyf
i
xedi
nWBT.But
dependi
ngupont
hepr
oj
ectort
heor
gani
z
at
i
on,nor
mal
l
yt
hi
si
snotf
ol
l
owed.

CASE2

Pr
oduct
i
onTeam

Accept
ance
Test
i
ng

SMOKE TESTI
NGWhet
herI
nst
al
l
at
i
oni
swor
ki
ngf
i
neornot

I
nt
heabovescenar
i
o,smoket
est
i
ngi
npr
oduct
i
ont
eam meansaf
t
erwedoAccept
anceTest
i
ng,Smoke
Test
i
ngi
nvol
veswhet
hert
hes/
wdevel
opedi
si
nst
al
l
edf
i
neornot
.
I
mpor
t
antPoi
nt
st
oRemember
Whenwear
edoi
ngsmoket
est
i
ng,wedoonl
yposi
t
i
vet
est
i
ng(
onl
yval
i
ddat
ai
sent
er
ed)
57|Page

 Her
e,wet
estonl
ybasi
corcr
i
t
i
calf
eat
ur
es
Her
e,wet
akebasi
cf
eat
ur
esandt
estf
ori
mpor
t
antscenar
i
os
Whenevert
hebui
l
dcomest
ot
hecust
omer
,bef
or
et
hecust
omer/cl
i
entdoesAccept
anceTest
i
ng,
heal
sodoesSmokeTest
i
ngbef
or
edoi
ngAccept
anceTest
i
ng
Whent
hepr
oducti
si
nst
al
l
edi
npr
oduct
i
on,wedoqui
cksmoket
est
i
ngt
oensur
epr
oducti
s
i
nst
al
l
edpr
oper
l
y.
WhywedoSmoket
est
i
ng?
Justt
oensur
et
hatpr
oducti
st
est
abl
e
Dosmoket
est
i
ngi
nt
hebegi
nni
ngcat
chbugsi
nbasi
cf
eat
ur
essendi
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam so
t
hatdevel
opmentt
eam wi
l
lhavesuf
f
i
ci
entt
i
met
of
i
xi
t
.
Justt
oensur
et
hatpr
oducti
si
nst
al
l
edpr
oper
l
y
.
I
near
l
yst
agesofpr
oductdevel
opment
,doi
ngsmoket
est
i
ngf
et
chesmor
enumberofbugs.But
,i
nl
at
er
st
agesofpr
oductdevel
opment
,i
fyoudosmoket
est
i
ngt
henumberofbugst
hatyouar
egoi
ngt
ocat
ch
i
nsmoket
est
i
ngwi
l
lbever
yl
ess.Thus
,gr
adual
l
yt
heef
f
or
tspentonsmoket
est
i
ngi
sl
ess
.

Not
e:
-onl
yf
ori
nf
or
mat
i
onpur
pose(
NOTFORSTUDYI
NG)
Smoket
est
i
ngi
scl
assi
f
i
edi
nt
ot
wot
ypes,
For
malSmokeTest
i
ngt
hedevel
opmentt
eam sendst
hes/
wt
ot
het
estl
ead.Thet
estl
eadt
hen
i
nst
r
uct
st
het
est
i
ngt
eam t
odosmoket
es
t
i
ngandsendr
epor
taf
t
ersmoket
est
i
ng.Once,t
he
t
est
i
ngt
eam i
sdonewi
t
hsmoket
est
i
ng,t
heysendt
hesmoket
est
i
ngr
epor
tt
ot
heTestl
ead.
I
nf
or
malSmokeTest
i
ngher
e,t
het
estl
eadsayst
hepr
oducti
sr
eadyandt
os
t
ar
tt
est
i
ng.He
doesnotspeci
f
yt
odosmoket
est
i
ng.But
,s
t
i
l
lt
het
est
i
ngt
eam st
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
hepr
oductbydoi
ng
smoket
est
i
ng.

I
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONS
1)Di
f
f
er
encebet
weenSmokeTest
i
ngandSani
t
yTest
i
ngandDr
yRun
Ans)Sani
t
yTest
i
ng
Nar
r
owanddeept
est
i
ng.Unscr
i
pt
ed
Takesomever
yver
yi
mpor
t
antf
eat
ur
esanddodeept
est
i
ng
I
ti
smanual
l
ydone
SmokeTest
i
ng
Scr
i
pt
ed.Shal
l
owandwi
det
est
i
ng
Takeal
li
mpor
t
antf
eat
ur
esanddohi
ghl
evelt
est
i
ng
Bui
l
d comes wr
i
t
e aut
omat
i
on scr
i
pt
s and r
un t
he scr
i
pt
.Thus t
estdone
aut
omat
i
cal
l
y.
Dr
yRun-Adr
yr
uni
sat
est
i
ngpr
ocesswher
et
heef
f
ect
sofa possi
bl
ef
ai
l
ur
ear
e
i
nt
ent
i
onal
l
ymi
t
i
gat
ed.Forexampl
e,anaer
ospacecompanymayconducta"
dr
yr
un"ofa
t
akeof
fusi
nganewai
r
cr
af
tonar
unwaybef
or
et
hef
i
r
stt
estf
l
i
ght
.
I
fhest
i
l
lexpect
smor
edi
f
f
er
encest
henj
ustt
el
lf
orst
udypur
poses,ihadv
i
si
t
e
d
5
8|
Page
wi
ki
pedi
awebsi
t
eandal
sowww.
al
l
i
nt
er
vi
ew.
com .So,iknow t
hi
sanswer
.Canupl
ease
t
el
lmewhi
chwebsi
t
eishoul
dvi
si
tt
ogett
oknow t
heexactanswer
.That

show icoul
d
answert
hi
squest
i
on
.

ADHOCTest
i
ng(al
socal
l
edMonkeyTest
i
ng/Gor
i
l
l
aTest
i
ng)
Test
i
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
onr
andoml
yi
scal
l
edAdhoct
est
i
ng.
WhywedoAdhoct
est
i
ng?
1)Enduser
suset
heappl
i
cat
i
on r
andoml
yand hemayseeadef
ect
,butpr
of
essi
onalTE usest
he
appl
i
cat
i
onsyst
emat
i
cal
l
ysohemaynotf
i
ndt
hesamedef
ect
.I
nor
dert
oavoi
dt
hi
sscenar
i
o,TEshoul
d
goandt
hent
estt
heappl
i
cat
i
onr
andoml
y(
i
.
e,behav
el
i
keandenduserandt
est
)
.
Forex,

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

FT
I
T
ST

--------------------------

.*
*
.
.
.

.*
*
.
.
.

HOMEPAGE

BLANKPAGE

I
nt
heabovef
i
gur
e,af
t
erwehavet
est
edt
heappl
i
cat
i
onf
orFT,I
TandSTi
fwecl
i
ckonsomef
eat
ur
e
i
nst
eadofgoi
ngt
ohomepage(
or
)somet
i
mesdat
apage,i
fi
tgoest
obl
ankpaget
heni
twi
l
lbeabug.I
n
or
dert
oavoi
dt
heseki
ndofscenar
i
os
,wedoAdhoct
est
i
ng.
2)Devel
opmentt
eam l
ooksatt
her
equi
r
ement
sandbui
l
dt
hepr
oduct
.Test
i
ngTeam al
sol
ookatt
he
r
equi
r
ement
sanddot
het
est
i
ng.Byt
hi
smet
hod,Test
i
ngTeam maynotcat
chmanybugs.Theyt
hi
nk
ever
yt
hi
ngwor
ksf
i
ne.I
nor
dert
oavoi
dt
hi
s,wedor
andom t
est
i
ngbehavi
ngl
i
keenduser
s.
3)Adhoci
sat
est
i
ngwher
ewedon
tf
ol
l
ow t
her
equi
r
ement
s(
wej
ustr
andoml
ycheckt
heappl
i
cat
i
on)
.
Si
ncewedon
tf
ol
l
owr
equi
r
ement
s
,wedon
twr
i
t
et
estcases.
Requi
r
ementsayst
ot
estl
i
kebel
ow(1>2>3>4)

59|Page

But
,wer
andoml
ygodi
r
ect
l
yt
o4(t
hi
si
scal
l
edAdhoct
est
i
ng)

Exampl
esofAdHoct
est
i
ngf
orGmai
l:
1)Logi
nt
oGmai
lusi
ngval
i
duser
nameandpasswor
d.Logoutf
r
om Gmai
l
.Cl
i
ckonBackbut
t
on.I
tshoul
d
notgobackt
oI
nboxpage.I
fi
tdoes,t
heni
ti
saj
avascr
i
pter
r
orandi
ti
sabug.I
tshoul
dgobackt
oLogi
n
pageandsaysessi
onexpi
r
ed.
2)Logi
nt
oGmai
lhomepageusi
ngval
i
duser
nameandpasswor
d.Oncewear
ei
nI
nboxpage,copyt
he
URLoft
hei
nboxwhi
chi
si
nt
headdr
essbaroft
hehomepageandpast
ei
ti
nNot
epadf
i
l
e.Logoutf
r
om
Gmai
l
.Now,openbr
owserpageandpast
et
heURLoft
hei
nboxi
nt
headdr
essbar
.I
tshoul
dnotgot
ot
he
i
nbox,i
nst
eadi
tmustgot
ot
hewel
comepageofGmai
l
.
3)Logi
ni
nt
o Gmai
l
.Go t
o Set
t
i
ngsand ChangePasswor
d.Sett
heol
d pass
wor
d onl
yast
henew
passwor
dandseewhathappens
.
Letusconsi
deranexampl
eofFr
audManagementSyst
em ofOnl
i
neBanki
ngAppl
i
cat
i
on.
BLOCKACCOUNT

.
.
.
.

.
.

BLOCKACCOUNT
.
.

ACCOUNTNUMBER

BLOCK

CANCEL

Conf
i
r
mat
i
onMessageshoul
dbedi
spl
ayed
ACCOUNTI
SBLOCKED

Whenwecl
i
ckont
heBl
ockAccountl
i
nk,wear
et
r
ansf
er
r
edt
ot
heBl
ockAccountpagewher
ewef
i
nd
sev
er
alf
eat
ur
esi
nt
hat
.Ent
ert
hedat
aandcl
i
ckonBl
ockAccount
,t
hent
hataccounthast
obebl
ocked.
Now,wewi
l
lseehowwecandoAdhoct
est
i
ngont
hi
sappl
i
cat
i
on.
60|Page

1)Logi
nasBankManagerandent
ert
heAccountNumberandcl
i
ckBl
ockandseewhet
heri
ti
sbl
ockedor
not
.
2)Bef
or
ebl
ocki
ngt
heAccount
,GoandDel
et
et
heper
sonwhoseaccounti
st
obebl
ockedandagai
n
Logi
nandcheckwhet
heri
ti
sbl
ockedornot
.Aswecl
i
ckt
heBl
ocki
tshoul
dt
hr
ow amessagesayi
ng
cust
omernotavai
l
abl
easaner
r
ormessage.Her
e,wer
andoml
ycheckt
heappl
i
cat
i
onandnot
hi
ngi
s
ment
i
onedi
nt
her
equi
r
ement
s
.Thusher
ewedoAdhoct
es
t
i
ng.
3)SupposesomeUserBt
r
ansf
er
smoneyt
oAwhos
eaccounti
sbl
ocked.I
nt
hi
scaseal
so,weshoul
dget
amessages
ayi
ngAccount
(
ofA)i
sbl
ocked[i
.
e,byt
het
i
meB t
r
ansf
er
smoney,managerbl
ocksA
s
account
]
.
Act
ual
l
yt
her
equi
r
ementdoesnotsaycheckf
ormoneyt
r
ansf
erf
r
om ot
heraccountanddot
est
i
ng.But
t
hi
st
est
i
ngi
sdonebyTEnotagai
nstt
her
equi
r
ement
.Evensomet
i
meswi
t
houtt
hr
owi
ngmessaget
hat
Accounti
sbl
ockedt
hemoneyget
st
r
ansf
er
r
ed.I
nt
hi
scaseal
so,t
heTEchecksf
ori
tandt
husi
tbecomes
AdhocTest
i
ng.

NOTE:
-

Adhoct
est
i
ngi
sbasi
cal
l
ynegat
i
vet
est
i
ngbecausewear
et
est
i
ngagai
nstr
equi
r
ement
s(outof
r
equi
r
ement
s)
.
Her
e,t
heobj
ect
i
vei
st
osomehowbr
eakt
hepr
oduct
.

Whent
odoAdHoct
est
i
ng?
Wheneverwear
ef
r
ee,wedoAdhoct
est
i
ng.i
.
e,devel
oper
sdevel
opt
heappl
i
cat
i
onandgi
vei
tt
o
t
est
i
ngt
eam.Test
i
ngt
eam i
sgi
ven15daysf
ordoi
ngFT.I
nt
hathespends12day
sdoi
ngFTand
anot
her3dayshedoesAdhoct
est
i
ng.Wemustal
waysdoAdhoct
est
i
ngi
nt
hel
astbecausewe
st
al
way
s1 concent
r
at
eoncust
omersat
i
sf
act
i
on
Af
t
ert
est
i
ngasperr
equi
r
ement
s
,t
henwest
ar
twi
t
hadhoct
est
i
ng
Whenagoodscenar
i
ocomes
,wecanst
opFT,I
T,STandt
r
yt
hatscenar
i
of
orAdhoct
est
i
ng.But
weshoul
dnotspendmor
et
i
medoi
ngAdhoct
est
i
ngandi
mmedi
at
el
yr
esumewi
t
hf
or
malt
est
i
ng.
I
ft
her
ear
emor
esuchscenar
i
os
,t
henwer
ecor
di
tanddoi
tatt
hel
astwhenwehav
et
i
me.
GLOBALI
ZATI
ON TESTI
NG
Devel
opi
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
onf
ormul
t
i
pl
el
anguagesi
scal
l
edgl
obal
i
z
at
i
onandt
est
i
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
onwhi
ch
i
sdevel
opedf
ormul
t
i
pl
el
anguagesi
scal
l
edgl
obal
i
z
at
i
ont
est
i
ng.
Ther
ear
e2t
ypesofgl
obal
i
z
at
i
ont
est
i
ng,
I
nt
er
nat
i
onal
i
z
at
i
onTest
i
ng(I
18Nt
est
i
ng)
Local
i
z
at
i
onTest
i
ng(L10Nt
est
i
ng)
I
nt
er
nat
i
onal
i
z
at
i
onTest
i
ngorI
18Nt
est
i
ng
Letusconsi
dert
heexampl
eshownbel
ow,
ENG--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Exec
ut
ed

Yahoo.
com

CLI
CKONBROWSER

CHI
NESE

61|Page

OUTPUTI
STRANSLATEDI
NCHI
NESE

Tr
ansl
at
i
onwi
t
hi
nt
heser
ver

Supposei
fwewantt
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
nChi
nese,t
henwecl
i
ckont
hebr
owseri
twi
l
lt
aket
ot
heser
verwher
e
t
hepr
ogr
am i
si
nEngl
i
sh,f
r
om t
her
ei
ti
sexecut
edandt
heout
puti
st
r
ansl
at
edi
nt
oChi
neseanddi
spl
ay
ed
i
nChi
nesel
anguage.
Howdowedot
hi
st
r
ansl
at
i
onofl
anguage?Byusi
ngat
r
ansl
at
or?NO.Thenhowdowedoi
t?Bef
or
e
t
hi
nki
ng,l
etusseet
hedr
awbacksi
nusi
ngat
r
ansl
at
or
.
Whent
hepr
ogr
amsar
et
r
ansl
at
ed f
r
om Engl
i
sht
odi
f
f
er
entl
anguages,usi
ngt
r
ansl
at
ort
hef
ol
l
owi
ng
occur
s,
Meani
ngsar
echanged
Notconveyi
ngt
hef
eel
i
ng.Thususageoft
r
ansl
at
or
sar
er
ul
edout
.Forexi
nEngl
i
sh,t
hewor
d

wel
comewhent
r
ansl
at
edt
oKannadausi
ngt
r
ansl
at
or
swi
l
l
mean
baavi
gebaa
!
!
!
Theabovepr
obl
em i
shandl
edbyusi
ngpr
oper
t
yf
i
l
es.Pr
oper
t
yFi
l
esar
enot
hi
ngbutf
i
l
escont
ai
ni
ng

sour
cedat
a(
l
i
ke,aNot
epad)
.I
nJava,i
ti
scal
l
edResour
ceBundl
e.
LetusseehowI
18Nt
est
i
ngwor
ksf
orEngl
i
shl
anguage,
SERVER
RR

Begi
nni
ng
I
tchooses
l
anguage

WELCOME.
JSP
.......
....... EN
......
......
......
......

Act
ualPr
ogr
am
(
I
nEngl
i
sh
al
ways)

ENGLI
SH

(
def
aul
ti
nEngl
i
sh)Cl
i
ckonBr
owserAppl
i
cat
i
on,
Yahoo.
com

Requestt
oSer
ver
1)NeedWel
comepage
2)Tr
i
ggerLanguageCode
(
Engl
i
sh)

www.
yahoo.
com

DI
SPLAY LOGI
N

.....
.....
.......

DI
SPLAY SALES

......
......
......

DI
SPLAY PRODUCT

........
.......
.......

DI
SPLAY FORUM

[i
.
e,cont
ent
swhi
char
est
or
edi
npr
oper
t
y
f
i
l
ear
epi
ckedupanddi
spl
ayed]

EN
LI
NK 1=LOGI
N
LI
NK 2=SALES
LI
NK 3=FORUM
LI
NK 4=PRODUCT

62|Page

Wr
i
t
e acommon pr
ogr
am i
n Engl
i
sh f
oral
ll
anguagesand have di
f
f
er
entpr
oper
t
yf
i
l
esf
ordi
f
f
er
ent
l
anguages.Suppose,i
fwehave10di
f
f
er
entl
anguages,t
henweshoul
dhave10di
f
f
er
entpr
oper
t
yf
i
l
es.
Weseehowt
heabover
equestwor
ks,
Cl
i
ckont
hebr
owser
,i
tt
akesar
equestt
ot
heser
v
ersayi
ngt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngneedWel
comepage,t
r
i
gger
t
hel
anguagecodeEN
I
tt
akest
ot
hepr
ogr
am wher
et
hel
anguagei
sexecut
edandt
akest
hepr
oper
t
yf
i
l
eofENGLI
SH.
Now,t
heEngl
i
shpr
oper
t
yf
i
l
ei
ssel
ect
edandt
henextcodi
ngi
nt
hepr
ogr
am connect
st
oi
t
sr
espect
i
ve
l
i
nks.Forexampl
e,i
ft
henextsetofcodi
ngi
sf
orLogi
ni
tconnect
st
oLi
nk1,pi
cksupt
hedat
ast
or
ed
t
her
eanddi
spl
aysi
ti
nEngl
i
sh.Samepr
ocedur
ef
ol
l
owedf
orot
herl
i
nksal
so(l
i
kesal
es
,f
or
um and
pr
oduct
s)
.
Agai
n,t
hesamepr
ocedur
ef
ol
l
owedf
orot
herl
anguagesal
so.

Whowr
i
t
est
hesepr
oper
t
yf
i
l
es?

1st,t
hedevel
oper
swr
i
t
esapr
oper
t
yf
i
l
ei
nEngl
i
sh.Languageexper
t
st
akest
hi
sandmanual
l
ywr
i
t
et
he
pr
oper
t
yf
i
l
eandgi
vesi
tt
odevel
oper
s
.
Now,t
hedevel
oper
spl
acet
hi
spr
oper
t
yf
i
l
easshownbel
owi
nt
heser
ver
.
LOGI
N(8Pr
oper
t
yFi
l
es)
ENEngl
i
sh
CNChi
nese
FRFr
ench
JPJapanese

EN

CN

FR

SALES(
8Pr
oper
t
yFi
l
es)
JP

EN

FORUM (8Pr
oper
t
yFi
l
es)

EN

CN

FR

CN

FR

JP

PRODUCTS(8Pr
oper
t
yFi
l
es)

JP

EN

CN

FR

JP

Letusseehowwewi
l
lt
r
ansl
at
ei
nt
oChi
nesel
anguageandt
estf
ori
t
.
Samepr
ocedur
el
i
keabove
Cl
i
ckonbr
owser
.Sel
ectf
orl
anguageChi
nesebef
or
eyoucl
i
ck.
Af
t
ercl
i
cki
ng,i
tt
akesi
tt
oWel
comepagewi
t
hat
r
i
ggerl
anguagecodeCN
So,i
tt
akest
ot
heCNpr
oper
t
yf
i
l
eanddi
spl
ayt
hecont
ent
s(
Chi
nese)st
or
edi
nt
hef
i
l
eaccor
di
ngt
ot
he
l
i
nki
tget
sconnect
ed(f
orex,LI
NK1t
oLogi
ndi
spl
ayt
hecont
ent
sofLOGI
N.Si
mi
l
ar
l
yf
orot
herl
i
keSal
es,
For
um,Pr
oductal
so)
.

63|Page

WELCOME.
JSP
.....
....
CN
.....

www.
yahoo.
com

.....
......
.....

LANGUAGE

ENGLI
SH
CHI
NESE
FRENCH
JAPANESE

.....
......
......

SERVER
YAHOO.
COM

DI
SPLAYLOGI
N
PAGEI
N
CHI
NESE

CN
LI
NK1=
PROGRAM
LI
NK2=
LI
NK3=LI
YRTY
LI
NK4=

Chi
nese
Pr
oper
t
yFi
l
e

Di
spl
ayCont
ent
s(
Pi
ckup
whi
chi
sst
or
ed)

Now,wehavechangedt
hel
anguagef
r
om Engl
i
sht
oChi
nese.Now,how dowet
estwhet
heri
ti
si
n

Chi
nesedi
spl
ayedorsomeot
herl
anguage?

Got
oChi
nesepr
oper
t
yf
i
l
eandchanget
hecont
ent
si
nt
hef
i
l
e.Forex,seebel
owf
i
gur
e,

Got
oCN
pr
oper
t
y
f
i
l
e

CN
LI
NK1=

Changecont
ent
si
nPr
oper
t
y
f
i
l
ef
ort
est
i
ng

CN
LI
NK1=LOGI
N

LI
NK2=

LI
NK2=CI
NEMA

LI
NK3=LI
YRTY

LI
NK3=COST

LI
NK4=

LI
NK4=DELI
VERY

Checkwhet
hersame
cont
ent
sar
edi
spl
ayed

64|Page
www.
yahoo.
com
LI
NK1=LOGI
N
LI
NK2=CI
NEMA

DI
SPLAYEDTest
i
ngi
sf
i
ne
NOTDI
SPLAYEDGof
orchanges
Thesel
i
nksar
ecal
l
edKEYWORDS

Af
t
erwedochangesi
npr
oper
t
yf
i
l
e,weonceagai
nsel
ectt
heChi
nes
el
anguageandseewhet
hert
he
changewehavemadei
nt
hecont
enti
sdi
spl
ay
edassame.I
fi
ti
sdi
spl
ayed,t
hent
est
i
ngi
sf
i
ne.
AsaTE,wemustdochangesi
npr
oper
t
yf
i
l
e,andnoti
nt
hepr
ogr
am(
act
ualpr
ogr
am)
.
I
fi
ti
snotdi
spl
ayed,cat
cht
hebugsandt
hebugsar
et
obef
i
xedonl
yi
nt
hepr
ogr
am.
Thus,wedoI
18Nt
est
i
ngf
ort
hef
ol
l
owi
ng,
Checkwhet
hercont
enti
si
nr
i
ghtl
anguage
Checkwhet
herr
i
ghtcont
enti
si
nr
i
ghtpl
ace
Now,l
etusseet
hepossi
bl
ebugsi
nI
18Nt
est
i
ng:
1)
I
fIsel
ectEngl
i
shdi
spl
ayedi
nEngl
i
sh
I
fIsel
ectChi
nesedi
spl
ayedi
nChi
nese
I
fIsel
ectJapanesedi
spl
ayedi
nChi
nese
Whydoest
hi
shappen?obser
ve,
BUG
WELCOME.
JSP
I
fl
anguage=EN
Connectt
oen.
pf
I
fl
anguage=CN
Connectt
ocn.
pf

Language

I
fl
anguage=JP
Connectt
ocn.
pf

Japanese

CHI
NESECont
ent

Di
spl
aycont
enti
nChi
nese

CN

JP

Whyi
fIsel
ectJapanese,i
ti
sdi
spl
ayi
ngi
nChi
nese?
65|Page

Devel
oper
st
heydocopyandpast
et
hecodi
ngandf
or
gett
ochanget
her
espect
i
vepr
oper
t
yf
i
l
el
i
kef
or
Japanesei
nst
eadofconnectt
oj
p.
pf,t
heyf
or
gett
ochangei
tandi
tst
i
l
lr
emai
nsi
nt
heconnectt
ocn.
pf
andt
husdi
spl
ayst
hecont
ent
si
nChi
nesel
anguage
2)
Checkf
orr
ever
sedi
r
ect
i
onl
anguagei
.
e,how t
hebr
eakwor
ks.Ther
ear
e2t
ypesofl
anguages
Uni
di
r
ect
i
onall
anguageandBi
di
r
ect
i
onall
anguage.Unidi
r
ect
i
onall
anguagest
ar
t
sei
t
herf
r
om t
hel
ef
t
orr
i
ght
.Bi
di
r
ect
i
onall
anguagecans
t
ar
tei
t
herf
r
om r
i
ghtorl
ef
t
.Sowehavet
ochecki
ft
het
exti
s
di
spl
ayedpr
oper
l
yaspert
hel
anguage
3)
Al
i
gnmentPr
obl
em :
-Wehavet
ocheckwhet
hert
heal
i
gnmentspeci
f
i
cat
i
onf
ordi
f
f
er
entl
anguages
i
sf
ol
l
owedpr
oper
l
y.Ri
ghtal
i
gnmentorl
ef
tal
i
gnment
.
Now,l
etusdogl
obal
i
zat
i
ont
est
i
ngf
oronl
i
neshoppi
ngf
orbooksasshownbel
ow :

ht
t
p:/
/
www.
onl
i
neshoppi
ng.
com /buybooks
Language

ENGLI
SH

CHI
NESE
UKRAI
NE
JAPANESE
TYPE:Novel
NAME:Har
r
yPot
t
erandTheDeat
hl
yHal
l
ows
AUTHOR:J.
K.
Rowl
i
ng
PRI
CE:$100

NAME:
CREDI
TCARDNUMBER:
EXPI
RYDATE:

MM

DD

YYYY

ADDRESS:

PI
NCODE:

TELEPHONE:

66|Page

BUYNOW

CANCEL

How doweconnecti
tt
oot
herl
anguagesandt
esti
t?got
or
espect
i
vepr
oper
t
yf
i
l
eschanget
he
cont
ent
sandt
esti
t
.I
fal
lt
hecont
enti
si
nr
i
ghtl
anguage,t
henI
18Nt
est
i
ngi
ssuccessf
ul
.
Local
i
z
at
i
onTest
i
ng(L10Nt
est
i
ng)
For
matt
est
i
ngi
snot
hi
ngbutLocal
i
z
at
i
ont
est
i
ng(
OR)Test
i
ngdonef
orf
or
matspeci
f
i
cat
i
onaccor
di
ngt
o
r
egi
on/
count
r
yi
scal
l
edL10Nt
est
i
ng.

Letusseet
hedi
f
f
er
entf
or
matt
est
i
ngwedoi
nL10Nt
est
i
ng,
a)
Cur
r
encyFor
matt
est
i
ng

Her
e,wedonotwor
r
yaboutt
hef
unct
i
onal
i
t
yoft
hef
or
mat(l
i
ke$i
sconver
t
edt
oRsornot)
.Weonl
yt
est
whet
hert
he$shoul
dbei
nt
hef
i
r
stort
hel
ast
.
Ex:100$,$100,Rs100.Thest
andar
dshoul
dbeaspercount
r
yst
andar
ds.
b)
Dat
eFor
matt
est
i
ng
Her
e,checkwhet
hert
hedat
ef
or
mati
saccor
di
ngt
oi
t
scount
r
yf
or
mat
.Thi
si
sal
soL10Nt
est
i
ng.
Ex: i
nUS,dat
ef
or
mati
s:MM DDYY
i
nI
ndi
a,dat
ef
or
mati
s:DDMM YYYY
c)
Pi
nCodeFor
matt
est
i
ng
Ther
ear
ecount
r
i
eshavi
ngPi
ncodewi
t
hchar
act
er
sl
i
keAB100.Her
e,
Checki
ngf
ort
hef
or
mati
npi
ncodei
sL10Nt
est
i
ng.
Checki
ngwhet
herABi
st
r
ansl
at
edt
oChi
nesei
sI
18Nt
est
i
ng.
Dat
ef
or
mat
Cur
r
encyf
or
mat
Pi
ncodef
or
mat

L10Nt
est
i
ng

d)
I
mageFor
matt
est
i
ng
I
ni
mageonl
ynameont
hei
magecanbechangedt
hei
magecannotbechanged.Thuswemusthave
mul
t
i
pl
ei
magesdependi
ngont
hecount
r
y
.Whenwecl
i
ckonUkr
ai
ne,i
tgoest
oUkr
ai
neser
ver
,t
akest
he
cont
ent
sandal
sosel
ect
sUkr
ai
ni
ani
mageandt
huscont
ent
sar
edi
s
pl
ayedi
nUkr
ai
ne.Thi
si
sshown
bel
ow,

67|Page

ForI
18Nt
est
i
ngnoi
mageswi
t
ht
exti
sal
l
owed.I
ncase,wewantt
ohavei
magest
henwemusthave
di
f
f
er
enti
magesf
ordi
f
f
er
entl
anguages
.
I
fwedoanycol
orchange,t
heni
ti
scal
l
edasL10Nt
est
i
ng(
l
i
kenat
i
onalf
l
agwher
et
hecol
ori
sspeci
f
i
ct
o
i
t
scount
r
y)
.
Toolt
i
pALT+TABmovet
hemouseont
hei
magekeepf
or1secondwegetasmal
lboxexpl
ai
ni
ng
t
hei
maget
het
oolt
i
pmustbechangedt
ot
hecor
r
espondi
ngl
anguagei
fi
tdoesnot
,t
heni
ti
sabug.
Now,weseeaper
sonf
r
om I
ndi
asi
t
t
i
ngi
nChi
naandwant
st
obr
owsei
nEngl
i
sh.
I
nt
hi
scase,wehavet
ogoandchanget
hel
ocal
ewhi
chi
savai
l
abl
el
i
kebel
ow,
ht
t
p:/
/hp.
cpm /sal
es.
ht
mll
ocal
e=en_US
Languagecode>en_US>count
r
ycode
f
r
_FR
de_DE
en_DE
Tobet
her
ei
nsel
ect
edl
anguageGot
oCont
r
olPanelchanget
ol
anguagecomet
obr
owser
ct
r
l
+shi
f
t(
or
)al
t+Shi
f
tchanget
het
extt
ot
hatl
anguage.
COMPATI
BI
LI
TY TESTI
NG(
CT)
Test
i
ng t
he f
unct
i
onal
i
t
yofan appl
i
cat
i
on i
n di
f
f
er
entsof
t
war
e and har
dwar
e envi
r
onmenti
scal
l
ed
Compat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng.
Consi
deranexampl
ebel
ow,
XP

NT

AUTOCAD
(
Oper
at
i
ngsyst
em
WI
N2000)

WI
N2000

Appl
i
cat
i
ont
est
edonWi
n2000pl
at
f
or
m

WI
N
2000

WI
N
98

68|Page

Cust
omer
susedi
f
f
er
entOSf
orsameappl
i
cat
i
on

Aut
oCadwi
t
hWi
n2000wast
est
edonWi
n2000pl
at
f
or
m.Oncei
ti
st
est
ed,t
hepr
oducti
ssol
dbutt
he
cust
omerwhobuysi
tusesi
ndi
f
f
er
entpl
at
f
or
msl
i
keXP,NT,Wi
n2000,Wi
n98et
c.
Cust
omert
her
ef
or
e(
or
)Enduser
st
her
ef
or
ebl
amet
hes/
w,t
heydon
tt
hi
nkaboutt
heOSt
heyar
eusi
ng
becauset
heappl
i
cat
i
onwast
est
edonWi
n2000andt
heusermaybeusi
ngi
ti
nXP.
Thusi
nor
dert
oover
comet
heabovescenar
i
o,wedot
estt
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
nal
lpl
at
f
or
msandt
hensel
lt
he
pr
oduct
.
I
nt
heaboveexampl
e,wer
unt
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
ndi
f
f
er
entpl
at
f
or
msandi
fwef
i
ndabugi
nanyoft
he
pl
at
f
or
mswehavet
est
ed(
say,Wi
ndows98)
,t
hent
hes/
wi
sgi
venbackt
ot
hedevel
operf
orf
i
xi
ngt
hebug.
Once,t
hebugsar
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oral
lt
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f
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i
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xi
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ort
est
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ngal
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sesdocompat
i
bi
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yt
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pl
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vehowi
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Supposeonl
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esentf
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Nowt
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ort
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00
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ment
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ouseanappl
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eandhowwedoCT.(
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gur
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nt
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I
fwet
akeHP,I
BM,SUNt
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act
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ver
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,whent
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osel
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Bydef
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ot
sofr
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obustandhasgotl
oopsofsecur
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ni
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Oper
acl
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msi
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ygotandcombi
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ons]
Devel
operbui
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shaadi
.
com andi
nst
al
l
si
ti
nt
het
est
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ngser
ver
.
Fort
heaboveappl
i
cat
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on,(
shaadi
.
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neer
sar
egi
ven5daysf
ort
est
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69|Page

Thusf
or4TEt
ot
est1OSand8br
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swi
t
hi
n5days,i
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akes40dayst
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akes240daysf
ort
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Li
ket
hi
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avour
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at
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or
m ar
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l
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e,butwehavet
ot
estf
ort
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chi
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n
maxi
mum use.Thusf
orWi
ndows,wedot
estf
orWI
N2000andWi
ndowsXPwhi
chi
swi
del
yused
APPLI
CATI
ON-Aut
oCad/www.
shaadi
.
com

HARDWARE

SOFTWARE

OPERATI
NGSYSTEM

WI
NDOWS

UNI
X

ME

NT

XP

2000

Pr
of
essi
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Ser
vi
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NTERNETEXPLORER

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S

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Susi
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NETSCAPE
NAVI
GATOR(
NN)

MOZI
LLAFI
REFOX

OPERA

DI
FFERENTVERSI
ONSOFALLTHESE

70|Page

Si
mi
l
ar
l
yMacki
nt
oshi
susedbyAppl
ecomput
er
sandt
heysel
l
i
nEur
opeandUS.
Si
mi
l
ar
l
yf
orbr
owser
swedot
estf
ort
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcaseswhi
char
ewi
del
yused.
I
Ef
or5.
5and6.
0wedoCT
NNf
or6.
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0wedoCTandal
sof
orMoz
i
l
l
aFi
r
ef
oxwedoCT
So,weal
way
st
hi
nkaboutROI(
Ret
ur
nonI
nvest
ment
)anddot
het
est
i
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sof
ol
l
owt
hecr
i
t
er
i
abel
ow,
Numberofuser
sar
el
esswedon
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ef
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Numberofuser
sar
emor
ewepr
ef
erCT
WI
NDOWS2000Pr
of
essi
onalnor
mal
l
ycor
por
at
ecompani
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Now,l
etusseet
heset
upoft
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r
onmentf
orAut
oCadt
est
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ngwi
t
hOS
I
nst
al
lWi
n2000i
nyourmachi
neandst
ar
tt
est
i
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orCT(
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or
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Si
mi
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ar
l
yt
estf
ort
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nst
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i
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amet
i
me)
Af
t
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i
ni
sht
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i
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ort
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abl
emostwi
del
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ot
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l
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ancesi
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t
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Howt
ohandl
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et
est
i
ngf
ordi
f
f
er
entpl
at
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or
ms
Test
i
ng f
unct
i
onal
i
t
y,i
nt
egr
at
i
on and endt
oend t
est
i
ng on var
i
ous pl
at
f
or
ms i
s whatwe do i
n
Compat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng.

Compat
i
bi
l
i
t
yi
ssueaf
eat
ur
enotwor
ki
ngi
n1OS,butwor
ki
ngf
i
nei
nal
lot
herOS.I
thappensbecause
pr
ogr
am wr
i
t
t
enbydevel
operi
snotwor
ki
ngi
nonl
y1pl
at
f
or
m,butwor
ki
ngonal
l
ot
herpl
at
f
or
ms.
Thecompat
i
bi
l
i
t
yi
ssuei
ssentt
odevel
operf
orf
i
xi
ngt
hebugsandsentf
ort
est
i
ng.Her
e,t
or
et
estt
he
appl
i
cat
i
on,wehavet
ouni
nst
al
l
t
heOSandnott
hebr
owserandr
ei
nst
al
l
t
heOSandt
est
.

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i
onal
i
t
yi
ssueal
socal
l
edFunct
i
onal
i
t
ydef
ecti
ssueaf
eat
ur
enotwor
ki
ngi
nal
l
pl
at
f
or
ms/
OS.
I
ti
sal
sopossi
bl
et
ohavedi
f
f
er
entpl
at
f
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msi
nt
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ne.Fort
hi
s,eachpl
at
f
or
m(
OS)shoul
dbei
n
di
f
f
er
entdr
i
vel
i
kebel
ow.Wecanr
un3OSi
nsamem/
ci
ndi
f
f
er
entdr
i
vesC:Wi
ndows98,D:XP,
E:Wi
ndows2000

Har
dwar
eCompat
i
bi
l
i
t
yTest

Testondi
f
f
er
entpr
ocessor
s
,
Testondi
f
f
er
entRAM
Testondi
f
f
er
entMot
her
boar
d
Testondi
f
f
er
entVGAcar
ds

I
nTestondi
f
f
er
entpr
ocessor
swet
estf
ormakeI
nt
el
,AMDpr
ocessorandal
sot
estf
orspeed3.
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nTestondi
f
f
er
entRAM wet
estf
ormakeSamsung,Tr
ansi
entandal
sot
estf
orsi
z
e1GB,2GB
I
nTestondi
f
f
er
entMot
her
boar
dwet
estf
ormake
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nTestondi
f
f
er
entVGAcar
dswet
estf
ormakeNvi
di
a,ATI
H/
wcompat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
esti
snotdonef
orWebappl
i
cat
i
onsbecauseal
lpr
ogr
amsr
unont
hes
er
verandnot
ont
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ocalcomput
er
s.Wedoh/
wCTonl
yf
orst
andal
oneappl
i
cat
i
ons.
71|Page

Thevar
i
ousCompat
i
bi
l
i
t
ybugsar
e,

Scat
t
er
edcont
ent
Al
i
gnmenti
ssues
Br
okenf
r
ames
Changei
nl
ookandf
eeloft
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cat
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on
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ectover
l
appi
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Changei
nf
ontsi
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eandcol
or
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ectover
l
appi
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ectOver
l
appi
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nt
er
netExpl
or
er6.
0
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.

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.
.

.
.

.
.
.
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.

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.
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ectOver
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appi
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Scat
t
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edCont
ent
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NBOX
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.
.

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.

.
.
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.
.
.
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.

ATTACHED

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YES
.
.
.
.
.

Al
lt
hef
i
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ds(
Name,Ti
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,At
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ect
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nst
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f
f
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si
scal
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t
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edcont
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.
Br
okenFr
ames
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
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72|Page

.
.

Ver
t
i
calBr
okenFr
ames

Hor
i
z
ont
alBr
okenFr
ames

Thus,weshoul
ddevel
opt
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
nsuchawayt
hati
twor
ksonmanypl
at
f
or
ms.

I
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONS
1)Howdoyout
estaWebAppl
i
cat
i
on?Whatar
et
het
ypesoft
estdoyoudoonWeb
Appl
i
cat
i
on?
Ans)WebAppl
i
cat
i
onmeansanydot
com gmai
l
,yahoo,et
c
Thet
ypesoft
estar
e,
Funct
i
onalTest
i
ng
I
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng
Syst
em Test
i
ng
Compat
i
bi
l
i
t
yTest
i
ngTesti
ndi
f
f
er
entOS,di
f
f
er
entbr
owser
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f
f
er
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si
ons
Usabi
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i
t
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i
ngcheckwhet
heri
ti
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r
i
endl
y
Accessi
bi
l
i
t
yTest
i
ng
Ad-hocTest
i
ng
SmokeTest
i
ng
Regr
essi
onTest
i
ng
Secur
i
t
yTest
i
ng
Per
f
or
manceTest
i
ng
Gl
obal
i
zat
i
onTest
i
ngonl
yi
fi
ti
sdevel
opedf
ormul
t
i
pl
el
anguages
2)WhywedoCompat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng?
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ghthavedevel
opedt
hes/
wi
n1pl
at
f
or
m chancesar
et
her
et
hatuser
smi
ghtusei
t
i
ndi
f
f
er
entpl
at
f
or
mst
husi
tcoul
dl
eadt
odef
ect
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emayst
opusi
ngt
hes/
w
t
husbusi
nesswi
l
lbeaf
f
ect
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i
bi
l
i
t
yTest
i
ng.

TESTCASES
AMOUNTTRANSFER

.
.
.

Fr
om AccountNumber
(
FAN)
ToAccountNumber

SRS
73|Page

CBOOnl
i
ne(
Ci
t
i
BankOnl
i
ne)
1)Wel
comePage
1.
1)Logi
n
1.
1.
1)User
namet
extf
i
el
dshoul
dacceptonl
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char
act
er
s
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2)Passwor
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extf
i
el
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dacceptonl
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act
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s
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.....
.....
.....
.......
........
......
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.....
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ansf
er
70.
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i
el
d
70.
1.
1)Shoul
dacceptonl
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gi
ti
nt
eger
70.
1.
2)Shoul
dacceptonl
yt
hoseaccount
number
s
gener
at
edbyManager
70.
2)TANText
f
i
el
d
70.
2.
1)Shoul
dacceptonl
y10di
gi
ti
nt
eger
70.
2.
2)Shoul
dacceptonl
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hoseaccount
number
s
gener
at
edbyManager
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3)AmountText
f
i
el
d
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3.
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hei
nt
eger
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ween
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70.
3.
2)Shoul
dnotacceptmor
et
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ance
......
......
......
......

Thet
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i
ngqual
i
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Moodoft
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Test
i
ngi
snotconsi
st
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Var
i
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r
om per
sont
oper
son
So,wewr
i
t
et
estcases
.

Testcasei
sadocumentwhi
chcover
sal
lpossi
bl
escenar
i
ost
ot
estal
lt
hef
eat
ur
e(
s)
.

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ti
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nputpar
amet
er
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orwhi
cht
hes/
wwi
l
lbet
est
ed.TheSRSar
enumber
edsot
hatdevel
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s
andt
est
i
ngt
eam wi
l
lnotmi
ssoutonanyf
eat
ur
e.

Whendowewr
i
t
et
estcases?

Cust
omergi
vesr
equi
r
ement
sdevel
operst
ar
tdevel
opi
ngandt
heysayt
heyneedabout4mont
hst
o
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opt
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spr
oductdur
i
ngt
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st
i
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i
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i
osdevel
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i
ni
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opi
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oductand
74|Page

t
hepr
oducti
sgi
venf
ort
est
i
ngt
het
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neert
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doesnotdependont
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sBl
ank,100,hundr
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ankspace100,100.
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Whenwr
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Tohavebet
t
ert
estcover
agecoveral
lpossi
bl
escenar
i
osanddocumenti
t
,sot
hatweneednot
r
ememberal
lt
hes
cenar
i
os
Tohaveconsi
st
encyi
nt
estcaseexecut
i
onseei
ngt
het
estcaseandt
est
i
ngt
hepr
oduct
Toavoi
dt
r
ai
ni
ngever
ynewengi
neeront
hepr
oductwhenanengi
neerl
eaves
,hel
eaveswi
t
hl
ot
ofknowl
edgeandscenar
i
os
.Thosescenar
i
osshoul
dbedocument
ed,sot
hatnew engi
neercan
t
estwi
t
ht
hegi
venscenar
i
osandal
sowr
i
t
enewscenar
i
os.
Todependonpr
ocessr
at
hert
hanonaper
son

Let

ssayat
estengi
neerhast
est
edapr
oductdur
i
ng1str
el
ease,2nd r
el
easeandhasl
ef
tt
hecompanyf
or
t
he3rd r
el
ease.Ast
hi
sTEhasmast
er
edamodul
eandhast
est
edt
heappl
i
cat
i
onr
i
gor
ousl
ybyder
i
vi
ng
manyval
ues.I
ft
hatper
soni
snott
her
ef
or3rd r
el
ease,i
tbecomesdi
f
f
i
cul
tf
ort
henew per
sonhenceal
l
t
heder
i
vedval
uesar
edocument
ed,sot
hati
tcanbeusedi
nf
eat
ur
e.
Whendevel
oper
sar
edevel
opi
ngt
he1stpr
oduct(
1str
el
ease)
,TEwr
i
t
est
estcases.I
nt
he2nd r
el
ease,when
new f
eat
ur
esar
eadded,TE wr
i
t
est
estcases.I
nt
henextr
el
ease,whenf
eat
ur
esar
emodi
f
i
edTE
modi
f
i
est
estcasesorwr
i
t
esnewt
estcases.
TestCaseDesi
gnTechni
quesar
e,
Er
r
orGuessi
ng
Equi
val
encePar
t
i
t
i
oni
ng
Boundar
yVal
ueAnal
ysi
s(
BVA)

Er
r
orGuessi
ng:

Guessi
ngt
heer
r
or
.I
ft
heAmountt
extf
i
el
dasksf
oronl
yi
nt
eger
s,weent
eral
lot
herval
ues
,l
i
kedeci
mal
,
speci
alchar
act
er
,negat
i
veet
c.Checkf
oral
lt
heval
uesment
i
onedabove.

Equi
val
encePar
t
i
t
i
oni
ng

Pr
essman

Pr
act
i
ce(
whatwer
eal
l
ydo)

Accor
di
ngt
oPr
essman,

1)
I
ft
hei
nputi
sar
angeofval
ues,t
hendesi
gnt
het
estcasesf
or1val
i
dand2i
nval
i
dv
al
ues
.
Forex,Amountt
extf
i
el
daccept
sr
angeofval
ues
500val
i
d
90
75|Page

I
nval
i
d
6000
2)

I
ft
hei
nputi
sasetofval
ues,t
hendesi
gnt
het
estcasesf
or1val
i
dand2i
nval
i
dval
ues
.
ONLI
NESHOPPI
NG

Pr
i
nt
er=10;Scanner=20;Mouse=30;
Pr
oductI
D

SUBMI
T

CANCEL

10val
i
d
25
I
nval
i
d
40
3)
I
ft
hei
nputi
sBool
ean,t
hendes
i
gnt
het
estcasesf
orbot
ht
r
ueandf
al
seval
ues
.Excheckboxes,
r
adi
obut
t
onset
c.
Mal
e
Femal
e

SUBMI
T

CANCEL

I
nPRACTI
CE,wedot
hef
ol
l
owi
ng,
Test
i
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
onbyder
i
v
i
ngt
hebel
owval
ues,
90

100

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000

Let
sseeapr
ogr
am.Under
st
andt
hel
ogi
candanal
ysewhyweusePr
act
i
cemet
hod,

I
f(
amount<100or>5000)
76|Page

Er
r
ormessage

}
I
f(
amountbet
ween100&2000)
{
Deduct2%
}
I
f(
amount>2000)
{
Deduct3%
}
WhenPr
essmant
echni
quesar
eused,t
hef
i
r
st2pr
ogr
amsar
et
est
ed,buti
fPr
act
i
cemet
hodi
sused,al
l
t
hesear
ecover
ed.
I
ti
snotnecessar
yt
hatf
oral
lappl
i
cat
i
ons
,pr
act
i
cemet
hodol
ogyneedst
obeused.Somet
i
mes,Pr
essman
i
sal
sof
i
ne.
But
,i
ft
heappl
i
cat
i
onhasanydevi
at
i
on,spl
i
t
sorpr
eci
si
ont
henwegof
orPr
act
i
cemet
hod.
I
fPr
act
i
cemet
hodol
ogyhast
obeused,i
tshoul
dbea)Casespeci
f
i
c b)Pr
oductspeci
f
i
c
c)Numberofdi
vi
si
onsdependsont
hepr
eci
si
on(
2% or3% deduct
i
on)

AGE

5-55

SUBMI
T

CANCEL

Her
e,Pr
essmant
echni
quei
senought
ot
estf
orAget
extf
i
el
d(
1val
i
dand2i
nval
i
d)
But
,i
ft
heAget
extf
i
el
di
sf
ori
nsur
ance(
10year
sandabovecompul
sor
yanddi
f
f
er
entpol
i
ci
esf
ordi
f
f
er
ent
agegr
oups)t
henweneedt
ousePr
act
i
cemet
hod.Dependi
ngont
hi
s,di
vi
si
onsofval
uesar
edone.

BVABoundar
yVal
ueAnal
ysi
s

I
fi
nputi
sar
angeofval
uesbet
weenAB,t
hendesi
gnt
estcasef
orA,A+1,A1andB,B+1,B1.
Thus,anumberofbugscanbef
oundwhenappl
yi
ngBVAbecausedevel
opert
endst
ocommi
tmi
st
akesi
n
t
hi
sar
eawhenwr
i
t
i
ngcode.
I
f(Amount<=100)
{
Thr
ower
r
or
}
I
f(Amount>=5000)
{
.
.
}
I
f
equal
si
st
her
e,t
heneven100val
uei
sexpect
ed.
Whencompar
i
ngEqui
val
encePar
t
i
t
i
oni
ngandBVA,t
est
i
ngval
uesar
er
epeat
edi
ft
hati
st
hecase,we
77|Page

cannegl
ectEqui
val
encePar
t
i
t
i
oni
ngandper
f
or
m onl
yBVAasi
tcover
sal
l
t
heval
ues
.

I
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONS
1)Whatar
et
estcasedesi
gnt
echni
ques?
Ans)Expl
ai
naboutEr
r
orGuessi
ng,Equi
val
encePar
t
i
t
i
oni
ng(Pr
essmanonl
y)andBVA.
I
ft
heyaskmor
e,onl
yt
hent
al
kaboutPr
act
i
cemet
hod
2)Whatar
eTest
i
ngt
echni
ques/Bl
ackBoxt
echni
ques/Test
i
ngmet
hodol
ogi
es/Test
i
ng
t
ypes?
Ans)Fi
r
stt
al
kaboutWBTandBBT.
I
ft
hei
nt
er
vi
eweri
snotsat
i
sf
i
edwi
t
ht
heanswer
,t
heni
mmedi
at
el
yst
ar
tanswer
i
ngaboutt
est
casedesi
gnt
echni
ques.
3)

AGE
SUBMI
T

CANCEL

Howdoyout
estt
heabovef
i
el
d?
Ans)Uset
estcasedesi
gnt
echni
quesandder
i
vet
heval
ues.
I

l
lt
estt
he t
extf
i
el
d by usi
ng t
hese t
estcase desi
gn t
echni
ques Er
r
orGuessi
ng,
Equi
val
encePar
t
i
t
i
oni
ngandBoundar
yVal
ueAnal
ysi
s

I
nt
er
vi
ewQuest
i
ons(
cont
i
nued)
4)
User
name
Passwor
d
RememberPasswor
d
LOGI
N

CANCEL

Howdoyout
estt
heabovef
i
el
ds?
Ans)Foranyappl
i
cat
i
onl
i
ket
hi
s,wemustal
waysst
ar
tt
est
i
ngwi
t
hendt
oendscenar
i
os.
Ent
erval
i
duser
nameandpasswor
dgoest
oi
nbox?l
ogout
Ent
erval
i
duser
nameandpasswor
dr
ememberpasswor
dgoest
oi
nboxl
ogout78|Page
Opengmai
li
nt
hebr
owseruser
nameandpasswor
dshoul
dal
waysbet
her
ecl
i
ckon
l
ogi
nbut
t
ongoest
ohomepage
Changepasswor
dnow l
ogoutandopengmai
li
nt
hebr
owserol
dpasswor
dshoul
d
bet
her
eshoul
dnotl
ogi
nr
emover
ememberpasswor
dt
ypei
nnew passwor
d
l
ogi
n

I
nt
er
vi
ewQuest
i
ons(
cont
i
nued)
Now,wewi
l
lseehowwecandoAut
omat
i
onTest
i
ngont
hi
spen:
Takear
ol
l
er
.Now putsomesheet
sofpaperont
her
ol
l
er
.Connectt
her
ol
l
eront
oamot
or
.
Connectt
hepent
ot
hemot
orandswi
t
chont
hemot
or
.Thepenst
ar
t
sscr
i
bbl
i
ngont
hepaper
.
Oncet
hepenhasst
oppedwr
i
t
i
ng,now seehow manypagesi
thaswr
i
t
t
en,numberofl
i
neson
eachpage,l
engt
hofeachl
i
neandmul
t
i
pl
yi
ngal
lt
hi
swecangetf
orhowmanyki
l
omet
er
st
he
pencanwr
i
t
e.

Rol
l
erwi
t
hpaper

Mot
or

79|Page
Pen

FUNCTI
ONALTestCases

Wehav
eal
r
eadyshownt
het
empl
at
ef
orwr
i
t
i
ngt
estcases.
Themai
ni
nt
ent
i
onofaTEi
st
owr
i
t
et
estcasesef
f
ect
i
vel
yandal
soef
f
i
ci
ent
l
y
.
Her
e,t
heact
ualr
esul
ti
swr
i
t
t
enaf
t
erexecut
i
onoft
het
estcasesandmostoft
het
i
mei
twoul
dbet
he
sameast
heexpect
edr
es
ul
t
.I
twi
l
lbedi
f
f
er
enti
fonl
yt
het
estst
epi
sf
ai
l
ed.So,act
ualr
esul
tf
i
el
dcanbe
ski
pped,andwecanel
abor
at
eaboutt
hebugi
ncomment
sf
i
el
d.
Al
so,t
hei
nputf
i
el
dcanber
emov
edandt
hesedet
ai
l
scanbeaddedi
ndescr
i
pt
i
onf
i
el
d.
I
t
snott
hatt
heabovement
i
onedt
empl
at
ei
sast
andar
done,t
het
empl
at
ecanvar
yi
neachcompanyand
al
sowi
t
heachappl
i
cat
i
ondependsonTEandTestLead.But
,f
ort
est
i
ng1appl
i
cat
i
on,al
lTEsshoul
d
f
ol
l
owast
andar
dt
empl
at
ewhi
chi
sf
or
mul
at
ed.
Testcasesshoul
dbewr
i
t
t
eni
nsuchawayt
hateveni
fanewTEshoul
d/
canunder
st
andandexecut
et
he
same.
Whenent
er
i
ngURLhost
name,host
namei
sment
i
onedasdevel
opmentt
eam t
hr
owst
hes/
wt
ot
est
i
ng
t
eam af
t
ersay4mont
hssowear
enotsur
eoft
hehost
name.
User
nameandpasswor
dar
enotment
i
onedast
heykeepchangi
ng.Theusermi
ghtneedt
ochangei
t
ever
y15daysdependi
ngupont
heappl
i
cat
i
on.
Whenwr
i
t
i
ngf
unct
i
onalt
estcases-we1stcheckf
orwhi
chf
i
el
dwewr
i
t
et
estcasesandt
henel
abor
at
e
accor
di
ngl
y.I
fsay,amountt
r
ansf
eri
st
hef
i
el
dwear
ewr
i
t
i
ngFT,t
henel
abor
at
et
hi
si
snotl
ogi
nf
eat
ur
e.
I
nputi
sr
equi
r
ed i
n FT,i
ft
heappl
i
cat
i
on i
sdat
adr
i
ven,t
hen i
/
p col
umn i
sr
equi
r
ed el
sei
ti
st
i
me
consumi
ng.

Lessonsf
orwr
i
t
i
ngFunct
i
onalTestCases

Bef
or
ewest
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estcase,comeupwi
t
hopt
i
onsandsel
ectt
hebestopt
i
onandt
henonl
y
st
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estcase
I
nExpect
edr
esul
t
,use
shoul
dbeor
mustbe
El
abor
at
eonl
yt
hosest
epsonwhi
chwehavef
ocus.Donotel
abor
at
eonal
l
t
hest
eps.
Hi
ghl
i
ghtobj
ectnames
Donothar
dcodet
het
estcase.Wr
i
t
eagener
i
ct
estcas
e
Or
gani
z
est
epspr
oper
l
ysot
hati
tr
educesl
otofexecut
i
ont
i
me.

I
NTEGRATI
ONTestCases

Somet
hi
ngwhi
chi
scover
edi
nFTcaseshoul
dnotbewr
i
t
t
eni
nI
Tcaseandsomet
hi
ngwr
i
t
t
eni
nI
Tcase
shoul
dnotbewr
i
t
t
eni
nSTcase.
Al
waysst
ar
tanyt
estcasewi
t
hnavi
gat
i
onst
epst
ohel
pnewuserunder
st
andi
t
.
St
r
at
egyt
owr
i
t
eI
nt
egr
at
i
ont
estcases,
Under
st
andt
hepr
oduct
I
dent
i
f
yt
hepossi
bl
escenar
i
os
80|Page

 Pr
i
or
i
t
i
z
e
Wr
i
t
et
het
estcasesaccor
di
ngt
opr
i
or
i
t
y
WhenTEi
swr
i
t
i
ngt
estcases,t
hef
act
or
sheneedst
oconsi
derar
e,
I
ft
het
estcasesar
ei
ndet
ai
l
Cover
age,al
lt
estcaseval
uesorscenar
i
osar
edepi
ct
ed
Thi
nki
nexecut
i
onpoi
ntofvi
ew
Templ
at
eusedt
owr
i
t
et
estcasesmustbeuni
que
Bestt
estcasei
swhenl
essnumberofst
epsar
ei
nvol
ved,cover
agei
smor
e,whent
heset
estcasesar
e
t
hr
ownt
oanyone,t
heyneedt
ounder
st
and.

SYSTEM TestCases

Consi
dert
hescenar
i
ogi
v
eni
nPg35andPg36.Letuswr
i
t
esyst
em t
estcasesf
ort
heendt
oend
busi
nessf
l
ow.Thebasi
cscenar
i
oi
sshowni
nt
heabovepages.

HeaderofTestCase:
Weal
waysf
i
l
lt
hebodyoft
het
estcasef
i
r
stbef
or
ef
i
l
l
i
ngupt
heheaderoft
het
estcase.
1)Testcasename:

CBO_AT_mor
et
hanbal
ance
Pr
oj
ectname
Modul
ename
Scenar
i
ot
obet
est
ed

2)Requi
r
ementnumber:

32.
3AmountTr
ansf
er
3)Modul
ename:

AmountTr
ansf
er

4)Pr
econdi
t
i
on:

TestEngi
neershoul
dknowt
hebal
anceofuserAanduserB

Pr
econdi
t
i
oni
sasetofact
i
onsorset
t
i
ngst
hatyoushoul
dhavedonebef
or
eexecut
i
ngst
epnumber1.
Forex,
I
fi
nanappl
i
cat
i
on,wear
ewr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasesf
oradduser
s,edi
tuser
sanddel
et
e
user
st
hepr
econdi
t
i
onwoul
dbeseei
fuserAi
saddedbef
or
eedi
t
i
ngi
tanddel
et
i
ngi
t
.
5)Testdat
a:
81|Page

Thedat
aweshoul
dhavebef
or
eexecut
i
ngst
epnumber1.Exuser
name,passwor
d,accountnumberof
user
s.
Thet
estl
eadmaybegi
vet
het
estdat
al
i
keuser
nameorpasswor
dt
ot
estt
heappl
i
cat
i
on.Ort
heTEmay
hi
msel
fgener
at
et
heuser
nameandpas
swor
d.
6)Sever
i
t
y:
I
tcanbemaj
or
,mi
nororcr
i
t
i
cal
.
Toanal
yset
hesever
i
t
yoft
het
estcase,i
tdependsont
heheader
.
Chooset
hesever
i
t
yaccor
di
ngt
omodul
e.I
fi
nt
hemodul
e,t
her
ear
emanyf
eat
ur
es.I
nt
hat
,eveni
f1
f
eat
ur
ei
scr
i
t
i
cal
,wecl
ai
mt
hatt
estcaset
obecr
i
t
i
cal
.I
tdependsont
hef
eat
ur
ef
orwhi
chwear
ewr
i
t
i
ng
t
het
estcase.
I
nGmai
l
,
Composemai
l>Cr
i
t
i
cal
Senti
t
ems>Mi
nor
Feedback>Maj
or
I
nabanki
ngappl
i
cat
i
on,
Amountt
r
ansf
er>Cr
i
t
i
cal
Feedback>Mi
nor
Wewr
i
t
esever
i
t
ybecausewecanpr
i
or
i
t
i
z
eourexecut
i
onbasedont
hesever
i
t
yoft
hef
eat
ur
e.
7)Testcaset
ype:
I
tcanbef
unct
i
onalt
estcasesori
nt
egr
at
i
ont
estcasesorsyst
em t
estcaseorposi
t
i
veornegat
i
veor
posi
t
i
veandnegat
i
vet
estcases.
8)Br
i
efdescr
i
pt
i
on:

Fol
l
owi
ngt
estcaseensur
est
hatAmountTr
ansf
erf
eat
ur
ei
snotal
l
owi
ngmor
et
hanbal
ance.

Testengi
neerhaswr
i
t
t
ent
estcasef
orapar
t
i
cul
arf
eat
ur
e.I
fhecomesandr
eadst
het
estcasesf
ora
moment
,hewi
l
lnotknow f
orwhatf
eat
ur
ehaswr
i
t
t
eni
t
.So,t
hi
sgi
vesabr
i
efdescr
i
pt
i
onoff
orwhat
f
eat
ur
et
estcasesar
ewr
i
t
t
en.
St
epnumberi
si
mpor
t
ant
.I
fsay,st
epnumber10i
sf
ai
l
i
ngwecandocumentdef
ectr
epor
tandhence
pr
i
or
i
t
i
z
ewor
ki
ngandal
sodeci
dei
fi
t

sacr
i
t
i
calbug.
Headerf
or
matofaTestCase
TestName:CBO_AT_mor
et
hanbal
ance
Requi
r
ementNumber:70.
3(
i
nSRS
document
,amountt
r
ansf
eri
snumber
ed)
Pr
oj
ectName:Ci
t
i
bankOnl
i
ne
Modul
eName:AmountTr
ansf
er
Sever
i
t
y:cr
i
t
i
cal(
dependsonf
eat
ur
ewe
ar
et
est
i
ng)
Pr
econdi
t
i
on:1)
Testengi
neershoul
d
knowt
hebal
anceamountofuserA&B.2)
execut
i
onofxyzt
estcase
TestCaseType:Funct
i
onalt
est
i
ng,
I
nt
egr
at
i
ont
es
t
i
ng,Syst
em t
est
i
ng
TestDat
a:User
nameandpasswor
dofus
er
A&B,accountnumber

82|Page

Br
i
efDescr
i
pt
i
on:br
i
ef
l
yexpl
ai
nst
he
scenar
i
o

Foot
erofaTestCase:
1)Aut
hor:Whowr
ot
et
hi
st
estcase
2)Revi
ewedby:
3)Appr
ovedby:
4)appr
ovaldat
e:
TestCaseRevi
ew:

TestCaseRevi
ewpr
ocess/Peerr
evi
ewpr
ocess:

Cust
omer gi
ves r
equi
r
ement
s dev
el
opmentt
eam st
ar
tdevel
opi
ng t
he pr
oductl
ooki
ng att
he
r
equi
r
ement
st
est
i
ngt
eam st
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasesl
ooki
ngatt
her
equi
r
ement
s
.Testengi
neer(
you)ar
e
wr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasesf
orapar
t
i
cul
armodul
ebasedont
her
equi
r
ement
s
.Onceal
lt
hepossi
bl
et
estcaseshave
beenwr
i
t
t
enf
ort
hatpar
t
i
cul
armodul
e,yousendamai
lt
ot
heTestl
eadsayi
ngt
hatyouhavef
i
ni
shed
wr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasesf
ort
hatmodul
e.Now,whatt
het
estl
eaddoesi
shet
el
l
ssomeonei
nt
hesamet
est
i
ng
t
eam t
or
evi
ew yourt
estcases.The r
evi
ewerr
evi
ewsal
lyourt
estcasesl
ooki
ng atyourmodul
e
s
r
equi
r
ement
sandi
ncaseofanymi
st
akessendsi
tt
oyouandal
sot
oyourt
estl
ead.Youcor
r
ectal
lt
he
mi
st
akesandsendacopyoft
hecor
r
ect
edt
estcasesbot
ht
ot
het
estl
eadandt
ot
her
evi
ewer
.I
tneednot
bet
hatal
lmi
st
akespoi
nt
edoutbyt
her
evi
ewerbecor
r
ect
,i
fyouf
eelt
heyar
ewr
ong,t
henyouneedt
o
gi
vepr
operj
ust
i
f
i
cat
i
onast
owhyyourt
estcasesar
ecor
r
ect
.Oncet
her
evi
ewersaysal
lt
het
estcas
es
ar
ef
i
ne,hesendsamai
lt
ot
het
estl
eadsayi
ngal
lt
het
estcasesar
ef
i
ne.Thet
estl
eadt
henappr
ovesyour
t
estcasesandsendsanappr
ovalmai
lt
oyousayi
ngt
hatal
lt
het
estcasesar
ef
i
neandt
ost
ar
texecut
i
ng
t
het
estcases.
Whi
l
er
evi
ewi
ng,t
her
evi
ewercheckst
hef
ol
l
owi
ng,
1)Templ
at
ehecheckswhet
hert
het
empl
at
ei
sasperdeci
dedf
ort
hepr
oj
ect

2)
Header:

a)Checkswhet
heral
lt
heat
t
r
i
but
esar
ecapt
ur
edornot
b)Checkswhet
heral
lt
heat
t
r
i
but
esi
nt
heheaderar
ef
i
l
l
edornot
c)Checkswhet
heral
lt
heat
t
r
i
but
esi
nt
heheaderar
er
el
evantornot

3)Body:

a)Checkwhet
heral
lpossi
bl
escenar
i
osar
ecover
edornot
b)Checkwhet
hert
hef
l
owoft
estcasei
sgoodornot
c)Checkwhet
hert
het
estcasedesi
gnt
echni
quesar
eappl
i
edornot
d)Thet
estcasesshoul
dbeor
gani
z
edi
nsuchawayt
hati
tshoul
dl
esst
i
met
oexecut
e
e)Checkwhet
hert
het
estcasei
ssi
mpl
et
ounder
st
andandexecut
e
f
)Checkwhet
herpr
opernavi
gat
i
onst
epsi
swr
i
t
t
enornot
Oncet
estcasesar
er
evi
ewed,t
her
evi
ew comment
sshoul
dnotbesentvi
aemai
lori
nnot
epad.Thet
est
caser
evi
ewt
empl
at
ei
sshownbel
ow,
TESTCASEREVI
EW TEMPLATE
TestCaseName

St
epNo.

Revi
ewer
Aut
hor Comment
s
Comment
s Sever
i
t
y

83|Page

Pr
ePr
econdi
t
i
on
condi
t
i
on
i
smi
ssi
ng

Maj
or

notf
i
xed.
Gi
ve
j
ust
i
f
i
cat
i
on
sayi
ngpr
econdi
t
i
oni
s
notneeded
f
ort
hi
s

mi
nor

f
i
xed

f
i
xed

CBO_AT_mor
et
han
bal
ance
Cl
i
ckon
"
Back
t
on"
8 but
st
epi
s
mi
ssi
ng

CBO_I
nsur
ance_Ag
ef
i
el
dval
i
dat
i
on(
555)

I
nsuf
f
i
ci
ent
t
est
cover
age.
Appl
yt
est
case
desi
gn
t
echni
ques
10
cr
i
t
i
cal
andder
i
ve
t
he
f
ol
l
owi
ng
val
ues56,4,
10year
s,
10.
5

Revi
ewerwi
l
luset
heabovet
empl
at
eandsendt
hecomment
s.I
ft
heaut
horf
i
xest
het
estcase,hewoul
d
r
epor
tasf
i
xed.I
fhef
eel
st
hatt
het
estcasehehaswr
i
t
t
eni
scor
r
ect
,hewi
l
lnotf
i
xt
hem butneedst
o
gi
vepr
operj
ust
i
f
i
cat
i
onf
ori
t
.

I
nt
er
vi
ewTi
ps
I
ni
nt
er
vi
ew,whent
hei
nt
er
vi
ewerasks
howdoyour
evi
ewat
estcaseandwhatdoyour
evi
ew
i
nat
estcase?
Al
waysanswershoul
dst
ar
twi
t
hBodyoft
estcase,t
henheaderandf
i
nal
l
yt
empl
at
e.
VERY VERY I
MPORTANT!
!

I
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONS
1)Whati
st
hedur
at
i
onofyourcur
r
entpr
oj
ect?
Ans)8mont
hs1.
5year
s.What
everpr
oj
ect
syouput
,bepr
epar
edt
oansweraboutanypr
oj
ect
.
r
d
Al
wayst
el
l
byt
het
i
meij
oi
ned,2maj
orr
el
easeswer
eover
.Ij
oi
nedt
hepr
oj
ectdur
i
ngt
he3
r
el
easeandIhavespentar
ound8mont
hsher
e
.
2)Tot
al
l
y,i
nyourcur
r
entpr
oj
ect
,howmanyscr
eens(
f
eat
ur
es)ar
et
her
e?
Ans)anaver
agecompl
exappl
i
cat
i
onwi
l
lhaveabout6070scr
eens.Asi
mpl
eappl
i
cat
i
onl
i
ke
Act
i
Ti
mehasar
ound2030scr
eens.Sot
el
labout6070scr
eens.
3)Tot
al
l
y,howmanyt
estengi
neer
sar
et
her
ei
nyourcur
r
entpr
oj
ect?
Ans)For70scr
eens,1015scr
eens/engi
neer
.70/
15=5engi
neer
s.So,youcant
el
lanywher
e
bet
ween38t
estengi
neer
s.

84|Page

4)Tot
al
l
yi
nyourcur
r
entpr
oj
ect
,howmanyt
estcasesar
et
her
ei
nyourcur
r
entpr
oj
ect?
Ans)For1scr
eenyoucanwr
i
t
e1015t
estcases(
i
ncl
udesFT,I
T,ST,posi
t
i
veandnegat
i
ve
scenar
i
os)
70*15=1050.Youcant
el
lanywher
ef
r
om 80010501200t
estcases.
Testcasemeans1ent
i
r
edocumentwi
t
hheader
,f
oot
erandmanyscenar
i
os.

I
nt
er
vi
ew quest
i
ons(
cont
i
nued.
.)
5)Tot
al
l
y,howmanyt
estcasesyouhavewr
i
t
t
eni
nyourcur
r
entpr
oj
ect?
r
d
Ans)Thi
si
ncl
udesf
oral
l3r
el
eases.Youhavej
oi
nedi
n3 r
el
ease.I
n2r
el
eases,t
heywoul
dhave
wr
i
t
t
enar
ound700t
estcases(
wor
stcase650t
estcases)
.Youwr
ot
ei
n3rd r
el
easet
estcases,so
550/
5=110.Youcant
el
lanywher
ebet
ween80110t
estcases(
maxi
mum of240al
so)
6)Howmanyt
estcasescanyouwr
i
t
eperday?
Ans)youcant
el
lanywher
ebet
ween35t
estcases.
1t
estcase1stday,2nd day
2t
estcases3rd day,4thday
4t
estcases5thday
89t
estcases18thday
Al
waysanswerl
i
ket
hi
s,

i
ni
t
i
al
l
y,Iusedt
owr
i
t
e35t
estcases.But
,l
at
erst
ages,Ist
ar
t
edwr
i
t
i
ng78t
estcasesbecause,
Knowl
edgeaboutt
hepr
oductbecamebet
t
er
Ist
ar
t
edr
eusi
ngt
het
estcases(
copyandpast
e)
Exper
i
enceont
hepr
oduct
Eacht
estcaset
hatIwr
i
t
ewoul
dgener
al
l
yhave2040st
eps.
7)Howmanyt
estcasescanyour
evi
ewperday?
Ans)ar
ound8t
estcasesyouwr
i
t
e,soyoucanr
evi
ew8*
3=24t
estcases.Tel
l24-30t
estcases
perday
8)Howmanyt
estcasescanyouexecut
eperday?
Ans)Ar
ound3560t
estcasesyoucanexecut
eperday.

For6th,7thand8thquest
i
onal
waysr
emembert
hi
sr
at
i
o:
xt
estcasesyou
canwr
i
t
e,
3xt
estcasesyoucanr
evi
ewand
5xt
estcasesyoucanexecut
e
perday.
9)Howyouspend10mont
hsi
napr
oj
ect?
st
Ans)1 3daysnowor
k.Next2weeksunder
st
andt
hepr
oductl
ooki
ngatt
heSRS.Next23mont
hsyouwr
ot
et
estcasesf
orsomef
eat
ur
es,r
evi
ewot
her

st
estcasesandcheckand
cor
r
ectyourr
evi
ewedt
estcases.Byt
heendof3mont
hs,devel
oper
sgi
vebui
l
dno.
1next
7mont
hsexecut
et
het
estcases,f
i
ndbugsr
epor
ti
tt
odevel
oper
sdevel
oper
sgi
venewbui
l
ds
youexecut
eandf
i
nddef
ect
s.Her
e,7mont
hst
i
mei
sspent
.Thus,ar
ound10mont
hsyouhave

Pr
ocedur
et
owr
i
t
et
het
estcases:
-

85|Page

Syst
em st
udyunder
st
andt
heappl
i
cat
i
onbyl
ooki
ngatt
her
equi
r
ement
sorSRSgi
venbyt
hecust
omer
.
I
dent
i
f
yal
lscenar
i
os:

1)Whent
hepr
oducti
sl
aunchedwhatar
et
hepossi
bl
ewayst
heendusermayuset
hes/
w.I
dent
i
f
yal
l
possi
bl
eways
2)Whatandal
lpossi
bl
ebusi
nessf
l
owsar
et
her
e
3)Documental
lpossi
bl
escenar
i
osi
nadocument/paperi
ti
scal
l
edt
estdesi
gn/
hi
ghl
evel
desi
gn.
Syst
em st
udy

I
dent
i
f
yal
lpossi
bl
et
estscenar
i
os

Wr
i
t
et
estcasesbyappl
yi
ngt
estcasedesi
gn
t
echni
ques
,usi
ngst
andar
dt
empl
at
e

Revi
ewt
estcasesgi
vent
oyouf
orr
evi
ewi
ng

Fi
xt
her
evi
ewcomment
sofyourt
estcases
gi
venbyt
her
evi
ewer

TestCaseappr
oval

St
or
ei
ti
nt
estcaser
eposi
t
or
y

Testdesi
gni
sar
ecor
dhav
i
ngal
lt
hepossi
bl
escenar
i
os.
4)Br
ai
nst
or
mi
ngsessi
on
5)Measur
et
heef
f
i
ci
encyofbr
ai
nst
or
mi
ngsessi
on

Wr
i
t
et
estcases:

1)Conver
tal
lt
hei
dent
i
f
i
edscenar
i
ost
ot
estcases
Gr
oupscenar
i
osr
el
at
edt
o1f
eat
ur
e
Pr
i
or
i
t
i
z
e
Wr
i
t
et
estcases
2)Whenconver
t
i
ng,appl
yt
estcasedes
i
gnt
echni
ques
3)Usest
andar
dt
estcaset
empl
at
est
andar
dmeanst
heonedeci
dedf
ort
hepr
oj
ect
.
86|Page

TestCaseReposi
t
or
y: (
TCR)

QA

CBO_Test
i
ng

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

I
NSURANCE

AMOUNTTRANSFER

LOANS

TCRi
sashar
edf
ol
der
.Forsecur
i
t
y
,t
heykeept
heent
i
r
ef
ol
deri
nver
si
oncont
r
olt
ool
(
VCT)
.
Cust
omergi
vesr
equi
r
ement
s
,devel
oper
sar
edevel
opi
ngf
eat
ur
esand t
estengi
neer
sar
ewr
i
t
i
ngt
est
casesl
ooki
ngatt
her
equi
r
ement
s
.Thet
estcaseswhi
char
eappr
ovedbyt
het
estl
eadar
est
or
edi
nat
est
caser
eposi
t
or
y.Whent
estcasesar
eneededf
orexecut
i
on,t
hent
estengi
neer
swi
l
lchecki
nandr
et
r
i
eve
t
hei
rr
espect
i
vet
estcases.Af
t
erexecut
i
on,t
het
estengi
neer
st
hencheckoutoft
heTCR.Whenanyt
est
casesar
enotneeded,i
ti
sdr
oppedf
r
om t
heTCR.
Al
ways,t
het
est
i
ngt
eam keep t
aki
ngbackup oft
heent
i
r
eTCR f
ol
dert
opr
eventanycr
ashesf
r
om
af
f
ect
i
ngt
hepr
oj
ect
.
QC(
qual
i
t
ycent
er
)i
susedt
ost
or
eal
lt
estcasesort
het
estcasesmi
ghtbest
or
edi
nTestLi
nkwhi
chi
sa
t
estmanagementt
ool
.
Pr
ocedur
et
oexecut
et
estcases:
Cust
omergi
vesr
equi
r
ement
sdevel
oper
sar
edevel
opi
ngt
hef
eat
ur
esl
ooki
ngatt
her
equi
r
ement
s
.The
t
estl
eadgi
vesal
i
stoff
eat
ur
esf
oreachTEt
owr
i
t
et
estcas
esandexecut
et
hem.TheTEsf
i
r
stunder
st
and
t
hepr
oductbyl
ooki
ngatt
her
equi
r
ement
sandt
henst
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estcases.
Now,l
etusconsi
dert
hatTE1hasbeengi
venl
oansf
eat
ur
e,TE2hasbeengi
veni
nsur
ancef
eat
ur
eandTE3
hasbeengi
venAmountTr
ansf
erf
eat
ur
e.Now,al
lt
heseTEsst
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasesf
ort
hei
rr
espect
i
ve
f
eat
ur
es.Af
t
ert
het
estcas
eshavebeenwr
i
t
t
en,r
evi
ewedandappr
ovedt
heyar
est
or
edi
nt
het
estcase
r
eposi
t
or
y.
Now,byt
hi
st
i
medevel
oper
shavegi
vent
he1stbui
l
di
n1stbui
l
d,f
eat
ur
eswhi
chhavebeendevel
oped
ar
ePer
sonall
oans(
hal
f
)
,l
i
f
ei
nsur
ance(
hal
f
)andAmountbal
ance.Wheneverdevel
opergi
vesbui
l
ds
s
t
cr
eat
eanot
herf
ol
der
(
Ti
ger
_TestExecut
i
onResul
t
)cr
eat
ei
nt
hatf
ol
derB01(
1 bui
l
d)copy,
past
eal
lt
est
casesf
r
om QABui
l
d1comesr
emov
eal
lt
estcasesf
ort
hef
eat
ur
eswhi
char
enotyetdevel
opedkeep
onl
yt
hoset
estcasesf
orwhi
cht
hef
eat
ur
eshavebeendevel
opedi
.
e,t
her
el
evantt
estcasest
hendo
smoket
est
i
ngandal
lot
hert
est
i
ngandt
henf
i
l
li
nt
heSt
at
uscol
umnsoft
heTestCasesbugsar
ecaught
87|Page

andsentt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.
Af
t
ert
hi
s,devel
oper
sgi
vet
he2nd bui
l
dB02her
e,t
hef
eat
ur
esdevel
opedar
ecompl
et
eper
sonall
oan,
compl
et
eamountt
r
ansf
erandal
socompl
et
el
i
f
ei
nsur
ancecr
eat
eaf
ol
dernamedB02copy,past
et
he
ent
i
r
et
estcasesi
nt
hatf
ol
derandt
hesamemet
hodasi
nB01f
ol
l
ows.
Samepr
ocedur
ef
ol
l
owsal
lBui
l
ds.Thuswehaveal
l
t
her
esul
t
sandcancheckt
her
esul
t
sf
oral
l
t
hebui
l
ds.
Bui
l
dcomesi
nexecut
eal
lr
el
evantt
estcasesbyt
heendoft
hecycl
e,summar
yr
epor
tmustbef
i
l
l
ed.
Thi
ssummar
yr
epor
ti
sknownasTestExecut
i
onRepor
t/TestSummar
yRepor
t
.
TESTEXECUTI
ONREPORT(
Bui
l
d1)
Modul
eName
Loans
I
nsur
ance
Amount
Tr
ansf
er

Tot
alTest
Cases
420
500

Tot
al
Execut
ed
120
200

Tot
al
Pass
96
180

Tot
al
Fai
l
24
20

400

100

95

95%

5%

1320

420

371

49

88%

12%

Tot
al

%Pas
%Fai
l
s
80%
20%
90%
10%

Thi
sr
epor
ti
scal
l
ed,

Ti
ger B01 TestExecut
i
on Repor
t/TestSummar
y
Repor
t
TestLeadpr
epar
est
hi
sr
epor
t
.TheTEsendst
hei
ndi
vi
dualf
eat
ur
eswhi
chhehast
est
edandt
el
l
show
manyhehasexecut
edandal
lt
hatst
at
i
st
i
cs
.
TheTestLeadt
hensendst
her
epor
tt
o,
TestManager
Devel
opmentTeam
Management
Cust
omer(
dependsonwhet
hert
hepr
oj
ecti
sa
f
i
xedbi
dor
t
i
me&mat
er
i
albi
d
.
I
fi
ti
sa
t
i
meandmat
er
i
al
bi
d,t
hent
het
estexecut
i
onr
epor
tmustbesentt
ot
hecust
omeraswel
l
.
Thedevel
opmentt
eam needs
,
Al
i
stoft
estcasest
hatar
ef
ai
l
ed
Eachdevel
operneedsal
i
stoft
estcaseswhi
char
ef
ai
l
edf
orhi
sf
eat
ur
es.
I
neachsheeti
sal
i
stoft
estcasenamesandever
yt
hi
ngasshownbel
ow,
LOANSf
eat
ur
e
St
ep
No.
1
2
3
4
5

TestCase
Name
.
.
.
.
.

.
.

.
.

St
at
us
Pass
Pass
Fai
l
Fai
l
Fai
l
Not
Execut
ed
Not
Execut
ed
.

Comment
s
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

88|Page

420

.
.
.

Thedevel
operknowsonl
yt
het
estcasename.t
henhedi
r
ect
l
ygoest
ot
het
estcaset
hr
oughal
i
nkor
di
r
ect
l
yandt
henseeswhi
cht
estcasei
sf
ai
l
ed.
TheTestExecut
i
onRepor
ti
sst
or
edi
nt
heB01(
r
espect
i
vebui
l
ds)out
si
deal
l
f
ol
der
s.
Forcompat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng,t
heTestExecut
i
onRepor
tl
ookssomet
hi
ngl
i
ket
hi
s,
St
ep
No.
1
2
3

.
.
7

237

TestCase
Name
.
.
.

.
.

Wi
ndowsXP
St
at
u
s
Comment
s
Pass

Pass
.
Pass

Fai
l

Fai
l

Fai
l

Wi
ndows7
St
at
u Comment
s
s
Pass

Pass
.
Pass

Wi
ndowsVi
st
a
St
at
u Comment
s
s
Pass
.
Pass

Pass

Pass

Pass

Fai
l

Agai
n,wecandocompat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ngf
orbr
owser
sonvar
i
ouspl
at
f
or
ms,
WI
NDOWSXP
I
nt
er
netExpl
or
er
St
at
u
s
Comment
s

Moz
i
l
l
aFi
r
eFox
St
at
u
s
Comment
s

St
at
u
s

Oper
a
Comment
s

REGRESSI
ONTESTI
NG:
1stbui
l
dCust
omergi
vesr
equi
r
ement
sdevel
opmentt
eam st
ar
tdevel
opi
ngf
eat
ur
est
est
i
ngt
eam st
ar
t
s
t
wr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasest
est
i
ngt
eam wr
i
t
eabout1000t
estcasesf
ort
he1 r
el
easeoft
hepr
oductandaf
t
er
execut
i
onoft
het
estcasest
hepr
oducti
sr
el
easedcust
omerdoesaccept
ancet
es
t
i
ngandt
he
pr
oducti
smovedt
opr
oduct
i
on.
nd
2 bui
l
dnow,cust
omerasksf
or2ext
r
af
eat
ur
est
obeaddedandgi
vest
her
equi
r
ement
sf
ort
heext
r
a
f
eat
ur
esdevel
opmentt
eam st
ar
tbui
l
di
ngt
heext
r
af
eat
ur
est
est
i
ngt
eam st
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasesf
ort
he
ext
r
af
eat
ur
esabout200ext
r
at
estcas
esar
ewr
i
t
t
ent
husat
ot
alof1200t
estcasesar
ewr
i
t
t
enf
orbot
h
t
her
el
easesnowt
est
i
ngt
eam st
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
henewf
eat
ur
esusi
ngt
he200newt
estcasesoncet
hat

s
done,t
henst
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
heol
df
eat
ur
esusi
ngt
heol
d1000t
estcasest
ochecki
faddi
ngnewf
eat
ur
eshas
br
okent
heol
df
eat
ur
es
.Test
i
ngol
df
eat
ur
esi
scal
l
edr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng.Onceever
yt
hi
nghasbeent
est
ed,
now t
hepr
oducti
sgi
vent
ot
hecust
omerwhodoesaccept
ancet
est
i
ngandt
henmovest
hepr
oductt
o
pr
oduct
i
on.
3rd bui
l
daf
t
ert
he2nd r
el
ease,t
hecust
omerwant
st
or
emoveoneoft
hef
eat
ur
es(
sayLoans)he
r
emovesal
lt
heLoansr
el
at
edt
estcases(
about100)andt
hent
est
sal
lt
heot
herf
eat
ur
est
ochecki
fal
l
t
heot
herf
eat
ur
esar
ewor
ki
ngf
i
ne.Thi
si
scal
l
edr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng.
89|Page

Tal
k1
Test
i
ngt
heunchangedf
eat
ur
est
omakesur
et
hati
ti
snotbr
okenbecauseoft
hechanges(
changes
meansaddi
t
i
on,modi
f
i
cat
i
on,del
et
i
onordef
ectf
i
xi
ng)

Tal
k2
Reexecut
i
onofsamet
estcasesi
ndi
f
f
er
entbui
l
dsorr
el
easest
omakesur
et
hatchanges
(
addi
t
i
on,modi
f
i
cat
i
on,del
et
i
onordef
ectf
i
xi
ng)ar
enoti
nt
r
oduci
ngdef
ect
si
nunchanged
f
eat
ur
es.

Whent
hedevel
opmentt
eam gi
vesabui
l
d,chancesar
et
her
et
heywoul
dhavedonesomechanges.That
changemi
ghtaf
f
ectunchangedf
eat
ur
es.So,Test
i
ngt
heunchangedf
eat
ur
est
omakesur
et
hati
ti
snot
br
okenbecauseoft
hechangesi
scal
l
edRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng.
Maj
or
i
t
yoft
i
mespenti
nt
est
i
ngi
sonr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng.
Basedonchanges,weshoul
ddodi
f
f
er
entt
ypesofr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng,
Uni
tRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng
Regi
onalRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng
Ful
lRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng
a)Uni
tRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng(
URT)
Her
e,wear
egoi
ngt
ot
estonl
yt
hechanges.
I
nBui
l
dB01,abugi
sf
oundandar
epor
ti
ssentt
ot
hedevel
oper
.Thedevel
operf
i
xest
hebugandal
so
sendsal
ongsomenewf
eat
ur
esdevel
opedi
nt
he2nd bui
l
dB02.TheTEt
est
sonl
yi
ft
hebugi
sf
i
xed.
Forex,
CREATEUSER
Name
Addr
ess

Tel
ephoneNumber
Emai
lI
d
.
.
.
.

SUBMI
T

CANCEL

Whendevel
opergi
vest
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
onf
ort
est
i
ngi
nt
he1stbui
l
dt
heTEf
i
ndst
hatcl
i
cki
ngont
he
submi
tbut
t
ongoest
oabl
ankpaget
hi
si
sabugandi
ssentt
ot
hedevel
operf
ordef
ectf
i
xi
ngwhent
he
new bui
l
dcomesi
nal
ongwi
t
ht
hedef
ectf
i
xest
heTEt
est
sonl
yt
hesubmi
tbut
t
on.Her
ewear
enot
goi
ngt
ot
estt
heot
herf
eat
ur
esoft
he1stbui
l
dandmovet
ot
estt
henewf
eat
ur
essenti
nt
he2nd bui
l
d.We
90|Page

ar
esur
et
hatf
i
xi
ngt
hesubmi
tbut
t
oni
snotgoi
ngt
oaf
f
ectot
herf
eat
ur
essowet
estonl
yt
hef
i
xeddef
ect
.

Test
i
ngonl
yt
hemodi
f
i
edf
eat
ur
esi
scal
l
edUni
tRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng.
Letusconsi
deranot
herexampl
e,

(
Sear
chf
i
el
d)120char
act
er
s

SEARCH

CANCEL

(
Sear
chf
i
el
d)140char
act
er
s

SEARCH

Bui
l
d1B01

CANCEL

Bui
l
d2B02

Fort
heabov
eappl
i
cat
i
on,i
nt
he1stbui
l
dt
hedevel
oper
sdevel
opa
sear
chf
i
el
dwhi
chaccept
s120
char
act
er
s.TheTEt
estt
hesear
chf
i
el
dusi
ngt
estcasedesi
gnt
echni
ques.
Now,t
hecust
omermakessomechangesi
nt
her
equi
r
ement
sandr
equest
st
hatt
he
sear
chf
i
el
dbeabl
e
t
oaccept140char
act
er
s.TheTEt
es
t
sonl
yt
hesear
chf
i
el
dt
oseei
fi
taccept
s140char
act
er
sand
doesn
tt
estf
oranyot
herf
eat
ur
eoft
he1stbui
l
d.
b)Regi
onalRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng(
RRT)
Test
i
ngt
hechangesandi
mpactr
egi
onsi
scal
l
edRegi
onalRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng.
Bui
l
d1B01
Modul
e1

I
mpactAr
eas
Modul
e3

Modul
e2

Modul
e4

Changesi
nB02

Themodul
e1,
2,
3,
4i
sgi
venbydevel
oper
sf
ort
est
i
ngdur
i
ngt
he1stbui
l
d.TheTEf
i
ndsadef
ecti
nModul
e
nd
4.Thedef
ectr
epor
ti
ssentt
ot
hedevel
oper
sandt
hedevel
opmentt
eam f
i
xest
hebugandsendst
he2
bui
l
di
nwhi
cht
hebugi
sf
i
xed.Now,t
heTEr
eal
i
z
est
hatdef
ectf
i
xi
ngi
nmodul
e4hasi
mpact
edsome
f
eat
ur
esi
nmodul
e1and3.So,t
heTEf
i
r
stt
est
smodul
e4wher
et
hebughasbeenf
i
xedandt
hent
es
t
s
t
hei
mpactar
easi
.
e,modul
e1andmodul
e3.Thi
si
sknownasr
egi
onalr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng.

St
or
y1

Af
t
ert
he1stbui
l
d,t
hecust
omersendssomechangesi
nr
equi
r
ementandal
sot
oaddnew f
eat
ur
est
obe
91|Page

addedt
ot
hepr
oduct
.Ther
equi
r
ement
sar
esentt
obot
hdevel
opmentt
eam andt
est
i
ngt
eam.
The devel
opmentt
eam st
ar
t
s maki
ng t
he changes and al
so bui
l
di
ng t
he new f
eat
ur
es as pert
he
r
equi
r
ement
s.
Now,t
het
estl
eadsendsamai
lt
ot
hecust
omeraski
ngwhi
chandal
lar
et
hei
mpactar
east
hatwi
l
lbe
af
f
ect
edaf
t
ert
henecessar
ychangesar
emadesot
hathewi
l
lgetani
deaast
owhi
chandal
lf
eat
ur
es
neededt
obet
est
edagai
n.Heal
sosendsamai
lt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam t
oknowwhi
chandal
lar
easi
n
t
heappl
i
cat
i
onwi
l
lbeaf
f
ect
edasar
esul
toft
hemodi
f
i
cat
i
onsandaddi
t
i
onsoff
eat
ur
es.Andsi
mi
l
ar
l
yhe
sendsamai
lt
ohi
st
est
i
ngt
eam f
oral
i
stofi
mpactar
eas.Thushegat
her
si
mpactl
i
stf
r
om t
hecust
omer
,
devel
opmentt
eam andal
s
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam.
Thi
si
mpactl
i
sti
ssentt
ot
heal
lt
est
i
ngengi
neer
swhol
ookatt
hel
i
standchecki
ft
hei
rf
eat
ur
esar
e
modi
f
i
edandi
fyest
heyt
hent
heydor
egi
onalr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng.Thei
mpactar
easandchangedar
easar
e
al
lt
est
edbyt
her
espect
i
veengi
neer
sf
orwhom t
hef
eat
ur
esar
eal
l
ot
t
ed.EachTEt
est
sonl
yhi
sf
eat
ur
es
whi
chcoul
dhavebeenaf
f
ect
edasar
esul
toft
hechangesandmodi
f
i
cat
i
ons.
Thepr
obl
em wi
t
ht
heabovemet
hodi
st
hatt
het
estl
eadmaynotgett
hef
ul
li
deaoft
hei
mpactar
eas
becauset
hecust
omeranddevel
opmentt
eam maynothavesomucht
i
met
or
espondt
ohi
semai
l
s
.

St
or
y2

Tos
ol
v
et
heabovepr
obl
em (
st
or
y1)
,wedot
hef
ol
l
owi
ng.
Wheneveranew bui
l
dcomesi
nal
ongwi
t
hnew f
eat
ur
esanddef
ectf
i
xes.Thet
est
i
ngt
eam wi
l
lhavea
st
andi
ng meet
i
ng t
heydi
scussi
ft
hei
rf
eat
ur
esar
eaf
f
ect
ed byt
heabovechangesand t
hust
hey
t
hemsel
vesdoi
mpactanal
ysi
sandcomeupwi
t
ht
hei
mpactl
i
stwher
emaxi
mum possi
bl
ei
mpactar
eas
ar
ecover
edandchancesofbugscr
eepi
ngupi
sl
ess.
Whenevert
henewbui
l
dcomes
,t
het
est
i
ngt
eam doest
hef
ol
l
owi
ng,
Smoket
est
i
ng(
checkbasi
cf
unct
i
onal
i
t
y
)
Testnewf
eat
ur
es
Testt
hemodi
f
i
edf
eat
ur
es
Ret
est
i
ngt
hebugs
Regi
onalr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng(
checki
ngt
hei
mpactar
eas)
Thebel
owgr
aphshowst
hati
ncr
easei
nt
est
i
ngef
f
or
twi
l
lnotl
eadt
ocat
chi
ngmor
ebugs,
Thus,wecanseet
hatt
hei
ni
t
i
alef
f
or
tspentonr
egi
onalr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ngwi
l
ll
eadt
ocat
chi
ngmor
e
numberofbugs.Butwi
t
ht
heef
f
or
tspentonf
ul
lr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ngwi
l
ldi
mi
ni
sht
henumberofbugswe
cat
ch.Thus,wecanconcl
udei
ncr
easei
nt
est
i
ngef
f
or
twi
l
l
notl
eadt
ocat
chi
ngmor
ebugs.

92|Page

Ful
lRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng

Af
t
er2r
el
easesoft
hepr
oduct
,dur
i
ngt
he3rd r
el
eas
ecust
omerasksf
oraddi
ng2new f
eat
ur
es,del
et
i
ng
1f
eat
ur
eandmodi
f
yi
ng1f
eat
ur
e.Al
sosomebugsneededt
obef
i
xed.Thet
est
i
ngt
eam af
t
erdoi
ngi
mpact
anal
ysi
sf
i
ndoutt
hatmaki
ngal
lt
heabovechangeswi
l
l
l
eadt
ot
est
i
ngt
heent
i
r
epr
oduct
.
Thus,Test
i
ngt
hechangesandal
lt
her
emai
ni
ngf
eat
ur
esi
scal
l
edFul
lRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng.

WhendowedoFul
lRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng?
Whenchangesar
emor
e
Whenevert
hechangesar
edonei
nt
her
ootoft
hepr
oduct
.Forex,JVM i
st
her
ootofJava
appl
i
cat
i
on.Wheneveranychangesar
emadei
nJVM,t
heent
i
r
eJavaappl
i
cat
i
oni
st
est
ed.

Regi
onalRegr
essi
onTest
i
ngi
st
hemostpr
ef
er
r
edmet
hodofr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng.Butt
hepr
obl
em i
s,we
maymi
ssal
otofbugsdoi
ngRegi
onal
Regr
essi
onTest
i
ng.
Wecansol
vet
hi
spr
obl
em byt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngmet
hodwhenapr
oducti
sgi
venf
ort
est
i
ng,f
ort
he1stt
en
t
h
cycl
es,wedor
egi
onalr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng,t
henf
ort
he11 cycl
e,wedoFRT.Agai
n,f
ort
henext10cycl
es,
wedoRRTandf
ort
he21stcycl
ewedoFRT.Thuswecont
i
nuel
i
ket
hi
s,f
ort
hel
astt
encycl
esoft
he
r
el
easewedoonl
yFRT.Thus
,f
ol
l
owi
ngt
heabovemet
hodwecancat
chal
otofbugs.

I
nt
er
vi
ewQuest
i
ons
1)Whati
sRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng?
Ans)1stt
el
ldef
i
ni
t
i
onofRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng
Thencont
i
nuewi
t
h,
Basedont
hechanges,wet
estonl
yt
hechangesOR t
hechangesandi
mpactar
easOR t
he
changesandt
heent
i
r
epr
oduct
.
Thus,wehavedi
f
f
er
entt
ypesofRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng,namel
y,
Uni
tRegr
essi
onTest
i
ngt
estonl
yt
hechanges
Regi
onalRegr
essi
onTest
i
ngt
estonl
yt
hechangesandi
mpactar
eas
Ful
lRegr
essi
onTest
i
ngt
estal
lt
hechangesandt
heent
i
r
epr
oduct
93|Page

2)Di
f
f
er
encebet
weenRet
est
i
ngandRegr
essi
onTest
i
ng.
Ans)ReTest
i
ngdevel
operf
i
xest
hebug(
ormakessomechanges)andgi
vest
hepr
oductf
or
t
est
i
ng.Wear
et
est
i
ngonl
yt
hef
i
xedbug(
orchangedar
eas)i
.
e,wear
et
est
i
ngonl
yt
hedef
ect
f
i
xes.Wear
er
eval
i
dat
i
ngt
hedef
ect

Di
sadvant
agesofdoi
ngr
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ngmanual
l
yagai
nandagai
n,
Monot
onousj
ob
Ef
f
i
ci
encydr
opsdown
Testexecut
i
ont
i
mei
smor
e
Noconsi
st
encyi
nt
estexecut
i
on
Thus,wegof
orAut
omat
i
ont
osol
vet
hi
spr
obl
em.Whenwehavemor
ecycl
esofRegr
essi
ont
est
i
ngwe
gof
orAut
omat
i
on.
Aut
omat
i
on:
Cust
omergi
vesr
equi
r
ement
swest
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasesabout1000t
estcasesar
ewr
i
t
t
enf
ort
heent
i
r
e
pr
oductdev
el
opmentt
eam gi
vest
he1stbui
l
dweconver
tabout600t
estcasest
oQTPscr
i
pt
sandt
he
r
emai
ni
ng400t
estcasesar
enotconver
t
edweexecut
edt
heconver
t
edQTPt
estcasesusi
ngQTPt
ool
.
Remai
ni
ng400,wet
estmanual
l
yt
hus60% oft
i
mei
ssavedbyaut
omat
i
ngourt
est
i
ng.

QTPst
andsf
orQui
ckTestPr
of
essi
onal
Nowwesee,howt
oconver
tt
hemanualt
estcasest
oQTPscr
i
pt
s(
Aut
omat
i
onscr
i
pt
s)
.
I
fweopenQTP,wesee3but
t
onsr
ecor
d,pl
ayandst
op.
Thi
sr
ecor
dsever
ycl
i
ckandact
i
onont
hedeskt
op.I
tr
ecor
dst
heact
i
onandpl
aysi
tback.

RECORD
STOP
PLAY

94|Page

95|Page

96|Page

WeopenQTPont
hedeskt
opandper
f
or
mt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngf
unct
i
ons,
Cl
i
ckon
STARTbut
t
on
Cl
i
ckon
ALLPROGRAMSbut
t
on
Cl
i
ckon
ACCESSORI
ESbut
t
on
Cl
i
ckon
CALCULATORbut
t
on
Cl
oset
he
CALCULATORappl
i
cat
i
on.
Al
lt
heaboveact
i
onsar
er
ecor
dedi
nt
heQTPt
ool
asshownbel
ow,

Cl
i
ckon
STARTbut
t
on
Cl
i
ckon
ALLPROGRAMSbut
t
on
Cl
i
ckon
ACCESSORI
ESbut
t
on
Cl
i
ckon
CALCULATORbut
t
on
Cl
oset
he
CALCULATORappl
i
cat
i
on.

Whenwecl
i
ckon
pl
aybut
t
on,t
heQTPbut
t
onaut
omat
i
cal
l
yper
f
or
msal
l
t
heact
i
onsi
thasr
ecor
ded.
Thi
si
st
hebasi
cf
unct
i
onal
i
t
yofQTP.
Now,t
heTEhaswr
i
t
t
enabout1000t
estcasesofwhi
chhewi
shest
oconver
t600t
oQTP(
orAut
omat
i
on)
scr
i
pt
s.
Letusconsi
derasampl
et
estcaseasshownbel
ow,
Headeroft
heTestCase
Cl
i
ckonbr
owser
.Ent
erURL-xyz.
com
Ent
erval
i
dUser
name(
abc123)andpasswor
d(
i
j
k123)
.Cl
i
ckonLogi
n
but
t
on
Cl
i
ckonSal
esl
i
nk.
.
.
.
.

Foot
eroft
heTestCase

Now,what
everact
i
oni
sper
f
or
medasabove,QTPr
ecor
dst
heent
i
r
eact
i
onsandt
hust
hemanualt
est
casei
sconver
t
edt
oQTPscr
i
pt
s
.
Togof
orQTP(
aut
omat
i
on)
,weneed3t
hi
ngs
,
Appl
i
cat
i
on
97|Page

 TestCase
QTP
Pur
poseofQTPi
sonl
yt
odor
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ngt
ochecki
ft
heol
df
eat
ur
esar
ebr
okenandnott
ocat
ch
newbugs.
I
ft
hedevel
opergi
vesnewbui
l
d,weshoul
df
i
r
stmanual
l
yt
estt
henewf
eat
ur
esandal
sot
estt
heexi
st
i
ng
f
eat
ur
esusi
ngQTP.
Thusanynewf
eat
ur
eswet
estmanual
l
y
.What
everi
snotaut
omat
ed,wet
estmanual
l
yandt
her
emai
ni
ng
t
estcasesar
eaut
omat
i
cal
l
yt
est
ed.
I
nanew r
el
ease,whent
hecust
omergi
vesnew f
eat
ur
eswef
i
r
stwr
i
t
et
estcasesandmanual
l
yt
estt
he
s
t
nd
new f
eat
ur
es
.Fort
he1 r
el
easeoft
hepr
oduct
,wewi
l
lnotaut
omat
et
het
estcase.Fort
he2 r
el
ease
onwar
dsweshoul
daut
omat
et
het
estcases.Fort
he3rd r
el
easet
heTEwi
l
laut
omat
et
het
estcasesf
or
nd
s
t
r
d
t
he2 and1 r
el
easeandmanual
l
yt
estt
henewf
eat
ur
esoft
he3 r
el
ease.
SOFTWARETESTLI
FECYCLE(
STLC)
Test
i
ngi
t
sel
fhasmanyphasesi
.
ei
scal
l
edasSTLC.
STLCi
spar
tofSDLC
Def
ectLi
f
eCycl
ei
sapar
tofSTLC
REQUI
REMENTS

Syst
em St
udy
Wr
i
t
eTestPl
an

I
dent
i
f
yal
lpossi
bl
et
est
scenar
i
os

Wr
i
t
et
estcases

Revi
ewTestCases

Fi
xRevi
ewComment
s

TestCaseAppr
oval

St
or
ei
ti
nr
eposi
t
or
y

Wr
i
t
eTestCases
Tr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
x

TestExecut
i
on

Def
ectTr
acki
ng
Pr
epar
et
estexecut
i
on
r
epor
t
(
TER)andsendi
tt
o
cust
omer

Ret
r
ospectMeet
i
ng

Requi
r
ementi
st
hei
nputf
ort
est
i
ng.
TestPl
ani
sadocumentwhi
chder
i
vesal
lf
ut
ur
eact
i
vi
t
i
esoft
hepr
oj
ect
.Al
lf
ut
ur
et
est
i
ngact
i
vi
t
i
esi
s
98|Page

pl
annedandputi
nt
oadocumentandt
hi
sdocumenti
sknownasTestPl
an.I
tcont
ai
nsnumberof
engi
neer
sneededf
ort
hepr
oj
ect
,whoshoul
dt
estwhi
chf
eat
ur
e,howt
hedef
ect
smustbecommuni
cat
ed
t
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam,whenweshoul
dst
ar
tandf
i
ni
shwr
i
t
i
ngt
estcases,execut
i
ngt
es
tcases,what
ar
et
het
ypesoft
est
i
ngweuset
ot
estf
ort
heappl
i
cat
i
onet
c.
Wr
i
t
et
estcasewewr
i
t
et
estcasesf
oreachf
eat
ur
e.Theset
estcasesar
er
evi
ewed,andaf
t
eral
l
mi
st
akesar
ecor
r
ect
edandoncet
het
estcasesar
eappr
ovedt
hent
heyar
est
or
edi
nt
het
estcase
r
eposi
t
or
y.
Tr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
xi
ti
sadocumentwhi
chensur
est
hatever
yr
equi
r
ementhasat
estcase.
Testcasesar
ewr
i
t
t
enbyl
ooki
ngatt
her
equi
r
ement
sandt
estcasesar
eexecut
edbyl
ooki
ngatt
het
est
cases.I
fanyr
equi
r
ementi
smi
ssedi
.
e,t
estcasesar
enotwr
i
t
t
enf
orapar
t
i
cul
arr
equi
r
ement
,t
hent
hat
par
t
i
cul
arf
eat
ur
ei
snott
est
edwhi
chmayhavesomebugs.Justt
oensur
et
hatal
lt
her
equi
r
ement
sar
e
conver
t
ed,t
r
aceabi
l
i
t
ymat
r
i
xi
swr
i
t
t
en.Thi
si
sshownbel
ow,
TRACEABI
LI
TYMATRI
X
Requi
r
ementNumber

TestCaseName
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Fort
her
equi
r
ement
s(
3and6)f
orwhi
cht
estcasesar
enotwr
i
t
t
en,t
hecel
l
sar
emar
kedi
nt
hi
ckbor
derso
t
hatt
heyar
edi
st
i
nctandt
hent
estcasesar
ewr
i
t
t
enf
ort
hem.
TheTr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
xi
sal
soknownasRTM(
Requi
r
ementTr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
x)orCRM(
Cr
ossRef
er
ence
Mat
r
i
x)
.
Def
ectTr
acki
nganybugf
oundbyt
het
est
i
ngt
eam i
ssentt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.Thi
sbughast
obe
checkedbyt
het
est
i
ngt
eam i
fi
thasbeenf
i
xedbyt
hedevel
oper
s.
TestExecut
i
onRepor
t:
-Sendi
tt
ocust
omercont
ai
nsal
i
stofbugs(
maj
or
,mi
norandcr
i
t
i
cal
)
,summar
y
oft
estpass,f
ai
let
candwhent
hi
si
ssent
,accor
di
ngt
ot
hecust
omert
hepr
oj
ecti
sover
.
TER i
spr
epar
edaf
t
erever
yt
estcycl
eandsentt
odevel
opmentt
eam,t
est
i
ngt
eam,managementand
cust
omer
(
dependsi
fi
ti
saf
i
xedbi
dpr
oj
ectort
i
me&mat
er
i
albi
dpr
oj
ect
)
.
Thel
astTERoft
hel
astt
estcycl
ei
sal
wayssentt
ot
hecust
omer
.Andt
hi
smeanst
hatt
hepr
oj
ecti
sover
accor
di
ngt
ot
hecust
omer
.
Ret
r
ospectmeet
i
ng(
al
socal
l
edPostMor
t
em Meet
i
ng/Pr
oj
ectCl
osur
eMeet
i
ng)
TheTestManagercal
l
sever
yonei
nt
het
est
i
ngt
eam f
orameet
i
ngandaskst
hem f
oral
i
stofmi
st
akesand
achi
evement
si
nt
hepr
oj
ect
.
ACHI
EVEMENTS(
goodpr
ocess/
pr
ocedur
e
MI
STAKES(
Mi
st
akesi
nt
hePr
ocess) f
ol
l
owed)
1)Revi
ewpr
ocessi
snotgood
.

1)
Lastdayofeachcycl
egener
al
l
yswapmodul
es
anddoadhoct
est
i
ng
.
.

99|Page

.
.
.
.

.
.
.

Thi
si
sdonebyt
estl
eadort
estmanager
.Her
e,t
hemanagerdocument
st
hi
sr
et
r
ospectmeet
i
ngand
st
or
esi
ti
nQMS(
Qual
i
t
yManagementSyst
em)
.I
ti
saf
ol
der
,wher
ei
nsi
det
hi
sf
ol
der
,t
her
ei
sanot
her
f
ol
dercal
l
edRet
r
ospectf
ol
derandher
et
hi
sexcelsheetdocumenti
sst
or
ed.Whenwegetnew pr
oj
ect
,
whi
l
ewewr
i
t
et
het
estpl
anwewi
l
lopent
hi
sr
et
r
ospectf
i
l
eand wi
l
lt
r
yand i
mpl
ementt
hegood
pr
act
i
cesandcor
r
ectt
hemi
st
akes.

I
nt
er
vi
ewQuest
i
ons
Q)Whati
st
estl
i
f
ecycl
e(
OR)Whati
sSTLC (
OR)I

l
lgi
veyouapr
oduct
.Whati
st
hepr
ocess
you
l
lf
ol
l
owt
ot
esti
t(
OR)I
nyourcur
r
entpr
oj
ect
,whati
st
hepr
ocessyouar
ef
ol
l
owi
ngt
ot
est
t
hepr
oduct
.
Ans)ever
yt
hi
nghasonl
yoneanswerSTLC
St
ar
tf
r
om syst
em st
udyupt
or
et
r
ospectmeet
i
ng.Br
i
ef
l
yexpl
ai
never
yst
ageandl
i
nkever
yst
age
bysayi
ng
andt
henwemoveon
.
Af
t
err
et
r
ospectmeet
i
ng,west
or
ei
ti
nQMS(
Qual
i
t
yManagementSyst
em)
.Whenanew
r
equi
r
ement
sorpr
oj
ectcomesdur
i
ngt
estpl
anst
aget
het
estl
eadt
akesr
et
r
ospectmeet
i
ng
excelsheetf
r
om t
heTestcaser
eposi
t
or
yandi
mpl
ement
st
hegoodpr
ocessf
ol
l
owedandavoi
ds
nd
t
hemi
st
akesoft
hepr
evi
ousr
el
ease.Thi
spr
ocedur
econt
i
nuesi
nt
henextr
el
ease.Agai
nt
he2
r
el
easer
et
r
ospectmeet
i
ngexcelsheeti
sseendur
i
ngt
estpl
anofanewpr
oj
ectordur
i
ngt
he3rd
r
el
ease.
THUSWEFI
NETUNETHETESTLI
FECYCLE.Somi
st
akesar
er
educedandal
sogood
pr
ocedur
esar
ef
ol
l
owed,t
husi
ncr
easi
ngt
hequal
i
t
yoft
hepr
oduct
.
Nowwewi
l
ll
ooki
ndet
ai
leachst
epoft
heSTLC.

REQUI
REMENTSCOLLECTI
ON/SYSTEM STUDY
Ther
equi
r
ement
scanbei
nanyoft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngf
or
ms
,
CRS(
Cust
omerRequi
r
ementSpeci
f
i
cat
i
on)
SRS(
Syst
em Requi
r
ementSpeci
f
i
cat
i
on)
FS(
Funct
i
onalSpeci
f
i
cat
i
on)
I
fwedon
thaver
equi
r
ement
sandi
fwear
egi
venonl
yt
heappl
i
cat
i
on,t
henwedoexpl
or
at
or
y
t
est
i
ng.
Usecase

UseCase

Usecasei
sapi
ct
or
i
alr
epr
esent
at
i
onofr
equi
r
ement
s.I
texpl
ai
nshow t
heenduseri
nt
er
act
swi
t
ht
he
appl
i
cat
i
on.I
tgi
vesal
lpos
si
bl
ewaysofhowt
heenduserusest
heappl
i
cat
i
on.
Bel
owi
sshownanexampl
eofhowausecasel
ooksl
i
ke,

100|Page

User32:USERPRI
VI
LEGE

FULLACCESS
ADMI
N

PARTI
ALACCESS

Modul
e

PAI
DUSER

NOACCESS
FREEUSER

FULLACCESS:
-

PARTI
ALACCESS:
-

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

7FEATURES

4FEATURES

Pr
econdi
t
i
on:.
Act
i
on:.
Post
condi
t
i
on:

Theabovef
i
gur
eshowsasampl
eusecaseofoneoft
her
equi
r
ement
si
nt
heCRS.
Fort
hemodul
eAoft
heappl
i
cat
i
on,t
her
ear
e7f
eat
ur
es
.
Admi
nhasaccesst
oal
lt
he7f
eat
ur
es
.
Forapai
duseraccesst
o4f
eat
ur
es
Foraf
r
eeusernoaccesst
oanyoft
hef
eat
ur
es
.

Exf
oradmi
n
Pr
econdi
t
i
onadmi
nmustbecr
eat
ed
101|Page

Act
i
onl
ogi
naspai
duser
Postcondi
t
i
on4f
eat
ur
esmustbet
her
e
Exf
orf
r
eeuser
Pr
econdi
t
i
onf
r
eeusermustbecr
eat
ed
Act
i
onl
ogi
nasf
r
eeuser
Postcondi
t
i
onnof
eat
ur
es
Whowr
i
t
esusecases
CRS

UseCase

Revi
ewUseCase

CUSTOMER

Devel
opmentTeam

CUSTOMER

APPROVAL
TESTI
NGTEAM

TestPl
an

TestCase

DEVELOPMENTTEAM

Desi
gn

Codi
ng

Cust
omergi
vest
heCRSf
ort
heappl
i
cat
i
ont
obedev
el
oped.Thedevel
opmentt
eam wr
i
t
et
heusecase
f
ort
heCRSandt
heusecasei
ssentt
ot
hecust
omerf
orr
evi
ew.I
ft
hecust
omerappr
ov
esi
t
,t
hent
he
appr
ovedusecasei
ssentt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam f
ordesi
gnandcodi
ng.Theappr
ovedusecasei
sal
so
sentt
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam whost
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estpl
anandl
at
eronst
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
estcasesf
ort
hef
eat
ur
esof
t
heappl
i
cat
i
on.
Di
f
f
er
encebet
weenusecaseandpr
ot
ot
ype
Usecaset
al
ksabouthowt
hepr
oductshoul
dwor
k.I
ti
sapi
ct
or
i
alr
epr
esent
at
i
onoft
heappl
i
cat
i
onand
i
t
svar
i
ousf
eat
ur
esandal
sohowt
heyshoul
dwor
k.
Pr
ot
ot
ypeher
e,wewi
l
lnotseehowt
heenduseri
nt
er
act
swi
t
ht
heappl
i
cat
i
on.I
t

sj
ustascr
eenshotof
t
heappl
i
cat
i
on(
exacti
mageoft
heappl
i
cat
i
on)
Howdevel
oper
sdevel
opusecases
Devel
oper
susest
andar
dsymbol
st
owr
i
t
eusecasesf
oruni
ver
salunder
st
andi
ng.HeusesUMLUni
f
i
ed
Model
l
i
ngLanguaget
odevel
opusecases.
Ther
ear
er
eadymadet
ool
st
owr
i
t
eusecasesl
i
keRat
i
onalRose.I
thasr
eadymadeUMLsymbol
swe
canj
ustdr
aganddr
opt
hem t
owr
i
t
eusecasesdevel
oper
suset
hesesymbol
sandwr
i
t
eusecases.
Whenyouj
oi
nacompany,al
waysaskf
or
Requi
r
ement
soft
hepr
oj
ect
Testpl
anoft
hepr
oj
ect
Testcases(
exi
st
i
ng)oft
hepr
oj
ect
Appl
i
cat
i
onwhi
chi
st
obedevel
oped.
102|Page

TESTPLAN

Testpl
ani
sadocumentwhi
chdr
i
vesal
lf
ut
ur
et
est
i
ngact
i
vi
t
i
es
.
Testpl
ani
spr
epar
edbyTestmanager
(
20%)
,TestEngi
neer
(
20%)andbyTestLead(
60%)
.
Ther
ear
e15sect
i
onsi
nat
estpl
an.Wewi
l
ll
ookateachoneoft
hem bel
ow,

1)OBJECTI
VE:
-I
tgi
vest
heai
m ofpr
epar
i
ngt
estpl
ani
.
e,whyar
ewepr
epar
i
ngt
hi
st
estpl
an.
2)SCOPE:
-

2.
1Feat
ur
est
obet
est
ed
Forex, Composemai
l
I
nbox
SentI
t
ems
Dr
af
t
s
2.
2Feat
ur
esnott
obet
est
ed
Forex, Hel
p

i
.
e,I
nt
hepl
anni
ngst
age,wedeci
dewhi
chf
eat
ur
et
ot
estandwhi
chnott
ot
estduet
ot
hel
i
mi
t
edt
i
me
avai
l
abl
ef
ort
hepr
oj
ect
.
Howdowedeci
det
hi
s(
whi
chf
eat
ur
esnott
obet
est
ed)?
a)
HELPi
saf
eat
ur
edev
el
opedandwr
i
t
t
enbyat
echni
cal
wr
i
t
erandr
evi
ewedbyanot
hert
echni
cal
wr
i
t
er
.
So,we
l
lnott
estt
hi
sf
eat
ur
e.
b)

A
C

B
D

Letusconsi
dert
hatanappl
i
cat
i
onwi
t
hf
eat
ur
esA,B,CandDar
et
obedevel
opedasperr
equi
r
ement
s
.
Butt
hen,Dhasal
r
eadybeendevel
opedandi
si
nusebyanot
hercompany.So,t
hedevel
opmentt
eam wi
l
l
pur
chaseDf
r
om t
hatcompanyandi
nt
egr
at
ewi
t
ht
heot
herf
eat
ur
esA,BandC.
Now,wewi
l
lnotdof
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngonD becauseD i
sal
r
eadyi
nusei
nt
hemar
ket
.Butwewi
l
ldo
i
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ngandsys
t
em t
est
i
ngbet
weenA,B,CandDbecauset
henewf
eat
ur
esmaynotwor
kwi
t
h
Dpr
oper
l
y.
c)
103|Page

Theappl
i
cat
i
onmi
ghtbehavi
ngl
i
nkt
osomeot
herappl
i
cat
i
on.Her
e,ourscopeoft
est
i
ngi
sl
i
mi
t
edt
o,
Whet
herl
i
nkexi
st
s
I
fi
tgoest
ohomepageoft
hecor
r
espondi
ngappl
i
cat
i
onwhenwecl
i
ckont
hel
i
nk.
Letusconsi
dert
heexampl
eofGmai
l
.Whenwel
ogi
nt
ogmai
l
,weseemanyl
i
nkst
oot
herappl
i
cat
i
onsl
i
ke
or
kut
,pi
cassa,yout
ubeet
c.whenwel
oggedi
nt
oGmai
landwhenwecl
i
ckont
heor
kutl
i
nki
tmust
t
akeust
oOr
kut

shomepage.
Suchf
eat
ur
esar
ecal
l
edSi
ngl
esi
gnonf
eat
ur
ei
ti
saf
eat
ur
ewher
ei
n1l
ogi
nal
l
owsaccesst
omul
t
i
pl
e
appl
i
cat
i
ons.
d)I
nt
he1str
el
easeoft
hepr
oductf
eat
ur
est
hathavebeendevel
opedar
ea,b,c,d,e,f
,g,h, m,n,o.
Now,t
hecus
t
omergi
vesr
equi
r
ement
sofnewf
eat
ur
est
obebui
l
tf
orenhancementoft
hepr
oductdur
i
ng
nd
t
he2 r
el
ease.Thef
eat
ur
est
obedevel
opedar
ep,q,r
,s,t
.
104|Page

Dur
i
ngt
estpl
an,wewr
i
t
escope,
Scope
Feat
ur
est
obet
est
ed
P,Q,R,S,T(
newf
eat
ur
es)
A,B,C,D,E,F
Feat
ur
esnott
obet
est
ed
G,H,I
,J, N,O
Thuswef
i
r
stt
estnew f
eat
ur
esandt
hent
estol
df
eat
ur
eswhi
chmi
ghtbeaf
f
ect
edbybui
l
di
ngt
henew
f
eat
ur
esi
.
e,i
mpactar
eas
.Wedor
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ngf
orA,B,C, F.

3)TESTI
NGMETHODOLOGI
ES(
TypesofTest
i
ng)

Dependi
ngupont
heappl
i
cat
i
on,wedeci
dewhatt
ypeoft
est
i
ngwedof
ort
hevar
i
ousf
eat
ur
esoft
he
appl
i
cat
i
on.We shoul
d al
so def
i
ne and descr
i
be each t
ype oft
est
i
ng we ment
i
on i
nt
he t
est
i
ng
met
hodol
ogi
essot
hatever
ybody(
devt
eam,management
,t
est
i
ngt
eam)canunder
st
and,becauset
est
i
ng
t
er
mi
nol
ogi
esar
enotuni
ver
sal
.
Forexampl
e,wehavet
ot
estwww.
shaadi
.
com,wedot
hef
ol
l
owi
ngt
ypesoft
est
i
ng,
Smoket
est
i
ng
Funct
i
onal
t
est
i
ng
I
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
Syst
em t
est
i
ng
Adhoct
est
i
ng
Compat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Regr
essi
ont
est
i
ng
Gl
obal
i
z
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
Accessi
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Usabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Per
f
or
mancet
est
i
ng
Forst
andal
oneappl
i
cat
i
ons,l
i
keAut
oCad,wedot
hef
ol
l
owi
ngt
ypesoft
est
i
ng,
Smoket
est
i
ng
Funct
i
onal
t
est
i
ng
I
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
Syst
em t
est
i
ng
Adhoct
est
i
ng
Compat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Regr
essi
ont
est
i
ng
Gl
obal
i
z
at
i
ont
est
i
ng
Accessi
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Usabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Rel
i
abi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Recover
yt
est
i
ng
I
nst
al
l
at
i
on/Uni
nst
al
l
at
i
ont
est
i
ng

4)APPROACH

Thewaywegoaboutt
est
i
ngt
hepr
oducti
nf
ut
ur
e,
a)Bywr
i
t
i
nghi
ghl
evelscenar
i
os
b)Bywr
i
t
i
ngf
l
owgr
aphs

a)Bywr
i
t
i
nghi
ghl
evelscenar
i
os

f
orex,wear
et
est
i
ngwww.
yahoo.
com
i
)Logi
nt
oYahoosendamai
landcheckwhet
heri
ti
si
nSentI
t
emspage
i
i
)Logi
nt
o.
i
i
i
).
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Thi
si
swr
i
t
t
enonl
yt
oexpl
ai
nt
heappr
oacht
obet
akent
ot
estt
hepr
oduct
.Onl
yf
ort
hecr
i
t
i
calf
eat
ur
es,
wewi
l
lwr
i
t
eaf
ew ver
yhi
ghl
evelscenar
i
os
.Wedon
tcoveral
lscenar
i
osher
e.Thati
st
hej
oboft
he
105|Page

r
espect
i
veTestEngi
neer
sf
orwhom t
hef
eat
ur
eshavebeenal
l
ocat
ed.

b)Bywr
i
t
i
ngf
l
owgr
aphs
Yahoo
Fi
nance

Spor
t
s

Mai
l

Gr
eet
i
ngs

Logi
n

Composemai
l

SentI
t
ems

Repl
y

I
nbox

Readmai
l

Repl
yal
l

For
war
d

Logout
Wewr
i
t
ef
l
owgr
aphsbecauseoft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngadvant
ages,
i
. Mer
gi
ngi
seasy
i
i
. Cover
agei
seasy
Fl
owgr
aphsar
ewr
i
t
t
enbecausewr
i
t
i
nghi
ghl
evelscenar
i
osi
st
i
meconsumi
ng.

5)ASSUMPTI
ONS

Whenwr
i
t
i
ngt
estpl
ans,cer
t
ai
nassumpt
i
onswoul
dbemadel
i
ket
echnol
ogy,r
esour
ceset
c.

6)RI
SKS

I
ft
heassumpt
i
onsf
ai
l
,r
i
sksar
ei
nvol
ved

7)CONTI
NGENCYPLANORMI
TI
GATI
ONPLANORBACKUPPLAN

Toover
comet
her
i
sks,acont
i
ngencypl
anhast
obemade.At
l
eastt
or
educet
heper
cent
agef
r
om 100%
t
o20%
Letusconsi
deranexampl
ef
or5,6,7
A
B

106|Page

I
nt
hepr
oj
ect
,t
heassumpt
i
onwehavemadei
st
hatal
lt
he3t
estengi
neer
swi
l
lbet
her
et
i
l
lt
hecompl
et
i
on
oft
hepr
oj
ectandeachar
eassi
gnedmodul
esA,B,Cr
espect
i
vel
y
.Ther
i
ski
soneoft
heengi
neer
smay
l
eavet
hepr
oj
ectmi
dway
.
Thus,t
hemi
t
i
gat
i
onpl
anwoul
dbet
oal
l
ocat
eapr
i
mar
yandsecondar
yownert
oeachf
eat
ur
e.Thus,one
engi
neerqui
t
st
hesecondar
yownert
akesovert
hatpar
t
i
cul
arf
eat
ur
eandhel
pst
henew engi
neert
o
under
s
t
andt
hei
rr
espect
i
v
emodul
es
.
Al
waysassumpt
i
ons,r
i
sks,mi
t
i
gat
i
onpl
anar
especi
f
i
ct
ot
hepr
oj
ect
.
Thedi
f
f
er
entt
ypesofr
i
sksi
nvol
vedar
e,
Resour
cepoi
ntofvi
ew
Techni
calpoi
ntofvi
ew
Cust
omerpoi
ntofvi
ew

8)ROLESANDRESPONSI
BI
LI
TI
ES
TestManager
TestLead

TestLead

Seni
orTestEngi
neer Juni
orTestEngi
neer

TestLead

TestLead

Fr
esher

WhenaBi
gpr
oj
ectcomes
,i
t

st
heTestManagerwhowr
i
t
est
het
estpl
an.
I
ft
her
ear
e3smal
lpr
oj
ect
s,t
henTestManageral
l
ocat
eseachpr
oj
ectt
oeachTestl
ead.TheTestl
ead
wr
i
t
est
het
estpl
anf
ort
hepr
oj
ectwhi
chhei
sal
l
ocat
ed.

8.
1TestManager
Wr
i
t
esorr
evi
ewst
estpl
an
I
nt
er
act
swi
t
hcust
omer
,devel
opmentt
eam andmanagement
Si
gnof
fr
el
easenot
e
Handl
ei
ssuesandescal
at
i
ons
.
.
.
8.
2TestLead
Wr
i
t
esorr
evi
ewst
estpl
an
I
nt
er
act
swi
t
hdevel
opmentt
eam andcust
omer
s
Al
l
ocat
eswor
kt
ot
estengi
neer
sandensur
et
hatt
heyar
ecompl
et
i
ngt
hewor
kwi
t
hi
nt
heschedul
e
Consol
i
dat
er
epor
t
ssentbyTestEngi
neer
sandcommuni
cat
ei
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam,cust
omer
s(
i
f
i
ti
sat
i
me&mat
er
i
alpr
oj
ect
)andmanagement



107|Page

8.
3TestEngi
neer1
Revi
ewt
estpl
an
Wr
i
t
et
estcasesf
ort
r
endanal
ys
i
s
Assetsur
vey
Wr
i
t
et
r
aceabi
l
i
t
ymat
r
i
x
Revi
ewt
estcaseswr
i
t
t
enf
orsal
esandpur
chasemodul
es
Execut
et
estcaseswr
i
t
t
enf
ort
r
endanal
ysi
s,assetsur
vey,r
egi
st
r
at
i
on(
ol
dmodul
edevel
opedi
n
pr
evi
ousr
el
ease.Addi
ngt
r
end anal
ysi
sand assetsur
veyhasaf
f
ect
ed.Ol
d modul
ehasbeen
af
f
ect
ed.Sodor
egr
essi
ont
est
i
ng)
Per
f
or
m compat
i
bi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng usi
ng I
nt
er
netExpl
or
er
,Moz
i
l
l
a Fi
r
ef
ox and Googl
e Chr
ome i
n
Wi
ndowsXPandWi
ndowsVi
st
a
Pr
epar
et
estexecut
i
onr
epor
tandcommuni
cat
ei
tt
oTestl
ead.
.
.

8.
4TestEngi
neer2
Setupandi
nst
al
lt
hepr
oduct
I
dent
i
f
yt
estcasest
obeaut
omat
ed
Aut
omat
ei
dent
i
f
i
edt
estcasesusi
ngQTP
Execut
eandmai
nt
ai
naut
omat
i
onscr
i
pt
s

9)SCHEDULES:
-

Thi
ssect
i
oncont
ai
nswhenexact
l
yeachact
i
vi
t
ys
houl
dst
ar
tandend?Exactdat
eshoul
dbement
i
oned
andf
orever
yact
i
vi
t
y,dat
ewi
l
lbespeci
f
i
ed.
Syst
enst
udy

wr
i
t
et
estcases

Her
ewewr
i
t
et
estcases

execut
et
estcases

FT
B01

r
el
easedat
e

I
T

ST

B02

00/
00/
00 00/
00/
0000.
..

Dat
e00/
00/
0000

Dat
e00/
00/
0000

Dat
e00/
00/
0000

Dat
e00/
00/
0000

108|Page

Thi
sdat
ei
sgi
venby
devel
opmentt
eam

Thi
sdat
ei
sgi
venbycust
omer

Thus,aswecanseef
r
om t
heabovef
i
gur
ef
orev
er
yspeci
f
i
edact
i
vi
t
y,t
her
ewi
l
lbeast
ar
t
i
ngdat
eand
cl
osi
ngdat
e.Forever
ybui
l
d,t
her
ewi
l
lbeaspeci
f
i
eddat
e.Forever
yt
ypeoft
est
i
ngf
oreachbui
l
d,t
her
e
wi
l
lbeaspeci
f
i
eddat
e.

10)DEFECTTRACKI
NG

I
nt
hi
ssect
i
on,wement
i
onhow t
ocommuni
cat
et
hedef
ect
sf
ounddur
i
ngt
est
i
ngt
ot
hedevel
opment
t
eam andal
sohow devel
opmentt
eam shoul
dr
espondt
oi
t
.Weshoul
dal
soment
i
ont
hepr
i
or
i
t
yoft
he
def
ecthi
gh,medi
um,l
ow.
10.
1Pr
ocedur
et
ot
r
ackt
hedef
ect
.
.
.
.
10.
2Def
ectt
r
acki
ngt
ool
Wement
i
ont
henameoft
het
ool
wewi
l
lbeusi
ngt
ot
r
ackt
hedef
ect
s
10.
3Sever
i
t
y

10.
3.
1Bl
ocker
(
orShowst
opper
)

.
.(
def
i
nei
twi
t
hanexampl
ei
nt
het
estpl
an)
Forex,t
her
ewi
l
lbebugi
nt
hemodul
e.Wecannotgoandt
estt
heot
hermodul
esbecause
t
hi
sbl
ockerhasbl
ockedt
heot
hermodul
es
.

10.
3.
2Cr
i
t
i
cal

(
def
i
nei
twi
t
hanexampl
e)
Bugswhi
chaf
f
ect
st
hebusi
nessi
sconsi
der
edcr
i
t
i
cal

10.
3.
3Maj
or

(
def
i
nei
twi
t
hanexampl
e)
Bugswhi
chaf
f
ect
sl
ookandf
eeloft
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
sconsi
der
edasmaj
or

10.
3.
4Mi
nor

(
def
i
nei
twi
t
hanexampl
e)

10.
4Pr
i
or
i
t
y

10.
4.
1Hi
ghP1

10.
4.
2Medi
um P2

10.
4.
3LowP3

P4

So,dependi
ngont
hepr
i
or
i
t
yoft
hedef
ect
(
hi
gh,medi
um orl
ow)
,wecl
assi
f
yi
tasP1,P2,P3,P4.

11)TestEnvi
r
onment
11.
1Har
dwar
e

11.
1.
1Ser
ver:
-SunSt
ar
cat1500
109|Page

(
t
hi
si
st
henameoft
heser
verf
r
om whi
cht
est
i
ngt
eam t
aket
heappl
i
cat
i
onf
ort
est
i
ng)

11.
1.
2Cl
i
ent:
-

3machi
neswi
t
hf
ol
l
owi
ngconf
i
gur
at
i
ons
,
Pr
ocessor:I
nt
el2GHz
RAM :2GB

(
t
hi
sgi
vest
heconf
i
gur
at
i
onsoft
hecomput
er
soft
heTestEngi
neer
si
.
e,t
het
est
i
ngt
eam)
11.
2Sof
t
war
e

11.
2.
1Ser
ver

OS:Li
nux
WebSer
ver:TomCat
Appl
i
cat
i
onSer
ver:Webspher
e
Dat
abaseSer
ver:Or
acl
e(
or
)MSSQLSer
ver
(
t
heaboveser
ver
sar
et
heser
ver
swhi
cht
het
est
i
ngt
eam wi
l
l
beusi
ngt
ot
estt
hepr
oduct
)

11.
2.
2Cl
i
ent

OS:Wi
ndowsXP,Vi
st
a,7
Br
owser
s:I
nt
er
netExpl
or
er
,I
nt
er
netExpl
or
er7,I
nt
er
netExpl
or
er8,Moz
i
l
l
aFi
r
eFox,
Googl
eChr
ome
(
t
heabovegi
vest
hevar
i
ouspl
at
f
or
msandbr
owser
si
nwhi
cht
het
est
i
ngt
eam wi
l
l
t
estt
hepr
oduct
)

11.
3Pr
ocedur
et
oi
nst
al
lt
hesof
t
war
e

(
Devel
opmentt
eam gi
veshowt
oi
nst
al
lt
hesof
t
war
e.I
ft
heyhavenotyetgi
vent
hepr
ocedur
e,t
heni
nt
he
t
estpl
an,wej
ustwr
i
t
ei
tasTBDt
obedeci
ded)

12)Ent
r
yandExi
tCr
i
t
er
i
a
EXI
T

1)
Basedon%aget
estexecut
i
on
2)
Basedon%aget
estpass
3)Basedonsever
i
t
y

ENTRY
a)WBTshoul
dbeover
b)Testcasesshoul
dber
eady
c)Pr
oductshoul
dbei
nst
al
l
ed
wi
t
hpr
opert
estenvi
r
onment
d)Testdat
ashoul
dber
eady
e)Resour
cesshoul
dbeavai
l
abl
e

FT

I
T

ST

.
.

110|Page

Bef
or
ewest
ar
twi
t
hFunct
i
onal
Test
i
ng,al
lt
heaboveent
r
ycr
i
t
er
i
ashoul
dbemet
.
Af
t
erwear
edonewi
t
hFT,bef
or
ewest
ar
twi
t
hI
nt
egr
at
i
onTest
i
ng,t
hent
heexi
tcr
i
t
er
i
aofFTshoul
dbe
met
.Theper
cent
ageofexi
tcr
i
t
er
i
ai
sdeci
dedbymeet
i
ngwi
t
hbot
hdevel
opmentandt
estmanager
.They
compr
omi
seandconcl
udet
heper
cent
age.I
ft
heexi
tcr
i
t
er
i
aofFTi
snotmet
,t
henwecannotmoveont
o
I
T.
Basedonsever
i
t
yofdef
ect
smeans
,
Thet
est
i
ngt
eam woul
dhavedeci
dedt
hati
nor
dert
omoveont
ot
henextst
age,t
hef
ol
l
owi
ngcr
i
t
er
i
a
shoul
dbemet
,
Ther
eshoul
dnotbemor
et
han20cr
i
t
i
calbugs
Ther
eshoul
dnotbemor
et
han60maj
orbugs
Ther
eshoul
dnotbemor
et
han100mi
norbugs.
I
fal
lt
heabovear
emet
,t
hent
heymoveont
ot
henextt
est
i
ngst
age.
Butt
hepr
obl
em wi
t
ht
heabovemet
hodwas,
21cr
i
t
i
cal
,50maj
or
,99mi
norcantexi
tbecauset
her
ear
emor
et
han20cr
i
t
i
cal
bugs.
10cr
i
t
i
cal
,90maj
or
,200mi
norcanexi
t
.Butt
he10cr
i
t
i
cal
bugscanaf
f
ectt
hepr
oduct
.
Thus,t
heycameupwi
t
ht
heconceptof
wei
ghtofdef
ect
s
.i
.
e,3maj
or=1cr
i
t
i
cal
,5mi
nor1cr
i
t
i
caland
t
ot
alcr
i
t
i
calshoul
dnotbemor
et
han60.

So,f
or
,
21cr
i
t
i
cal21
50maj
or16cr
i
t
i
cal
99mi
nor19cr
i
t
i
cal
Tot
al
l
yt
her
ear
e56cr
i
t
i
cal
bugs
,sowecanmoveont
ot
henextst
age.
Butf
ort
he2nd exampl
e,wecannotmoveon.
Ent
r
ycr
i
t
er
i
af
orI
T:
-shoul
dhavemetexi
tcr
i
t
er
i
aofFT

(
r
emai
ni
ngal
lar
esameasent
r
ycr
i
t
er
i
aofFT)
Exi
tcr
i
t
er
i
af
orI
T:

Al
lpoi
nt
sar
esameasexi
tcr
i
t
er
i
af
orFT.
Buti
ft
he%agepassf
orFTi
s85%,t
hent
he%agepassf
orI
Ts
houl
dbe90% -becauseaswer
eacht
he
l
at
erst
agesoft
est
i
ng,weexpectt
henumberofdef
ect
st
obel
ess.
Ent
r
ycr
i
t
er
i
af
orST:
-exi
tcr
i
t
er
i
aofI
Tshoul
dbemet
-mi
ni
mum setoff
eat
ur
esmustbedevel
oped
-t
estenvi
r
onmentshoul
dbesi
mi
l
art
opr
oduct
i
onenvi
r
onment

(
r
emai
ni
ngal
lar
esameasofI
T)
111|Page

Exi
tcr
i
t
er
i
af
orST:
-ever
yt
hi
ngr
emai
nssameasofabove,butt
hepass%agei
snow99% -t
her
eshoul
dbe0cr
i
t
i
calbugs.
Ther
ecoul
dbesome30maj
orand50mi
norbugs
.I
fal
l
t
hi
si
smet
,t
henpr
oductcanber
el
eased.

Not
e:Al
lt
henumber
sgi
venabovear
ej
ustf
orexampl
esake.Theyar
enoti
nt
er
nat
i
onalst
andar
d
number
s!
!
!
.
I
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONS
Q)Cust
omerget
s100% def
ectf
r
eepr
oductmeans,
a)Test
i
ngt
eam i
snotgood
b)Devel
oper
sar
esuper
c)Pr
oducti
sol
d
d)Al
loft
heabove
Ans)a)i
scor
r
ect
.Test
i
ngt
eam i
snotgoodbecausef
undament
al
sofsof
t
war
et
est
i
ngsayst
her
ei
sno
pr
oductwhi
chhaszer
odef
ect
s.

13)TESTAUTOMATI
ON
13.
1Feat
ur
est
obeaut
omat
ed

13.
2Feat
ur
esnott
obeaut
omat
ed

13.
3Whi
chi
st
heaut
omat
i
ont
oolyouar
epl
anni
ngt
ouse

13.
4Whati
st
heaut
omat
i
onf
r
amewor
kyouar
epl
anni
ngt
ouse

Weaut
omat
et
het
estcasesonl
yaf
t
ert
he1str
el
ease(
wehavest
udi
edt
hi
sear
l
i
er
)
.
13.
1Onwhatbasi
sdowedeci
dewhi
chf
eat
ur
et
obeaut
omat
ed?

ComposeMai
l
I
nbox

SentI
t
ems
112|Page

Ver
yI
mpor
t
antFeat
ur
es
I
ft
hef
eat
ur
esar
ever
yi
mpor
t
antand need t
ober
epeat
edl
yt
est
ed,t
henweaut
omat
et
hatf
eat
ur
e.
Becausemanual
l
yt
est
i
ngt
hef
eat
ur
et
akesl
ongert
i
meandal
sobecomest
edi
ousj
ob.
13.
2Howt
odeci
dewhi
chf
eat
ur
esar
enott
obeaut
omat
ed?
Forex,
HELPi
saf
eat
ur
et
hati
snotr
epeat
edl
yt
est
edsowedon
thavet
oaut
omat
ei
t
.
I
ft
hef
eat
ur
ei
sunst
abl
eandhasl
otofdef
ect
swewi
l
lnotaut
omat
ebecausei
thast
obet
est
ed
r
epeat
edl
ymanual
l
y.
I
ft
her
ei
saf
eat
ur
et
hathast
ober
epeat
edl
yt
est
ed,butwear
epr
edi
ct
i
ngar
equi
r
ementchange
f
ort
hatf
eat
ur
esowedon
taut
omat
ei
taschangi
ngt
hemanualt
estcasei
seasi
ert
hanchangi
ng
t
heaut
omat
i
onscr
i
pt
.

14)DELI
VERABLES

I
ti
st
heout
putf
r
om t
het
est
i
ngt
eam.I
tcont
ai
nswhatwewi
l
ldel
i
vert
ot
hecust
omeratt
heendoft
he
pr
oj
ect
.I
thast
hef
ol
l
owi
ngsect
i
ons
,
14.
1TestPl
an
14.
2TestCases
14.
3TestScr
i
pt
s
14.
4Tr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
x
14.
5Def
ectRepor
t
14.
6TestExecut
i
onRepor
t
14.
7Gr
aphsandMet
r
i
cs
14.
8Rel
easeNot
e
14.
6Gr
aphsandMet
r
i
cs
Her
e,wewi
l
lj
ustment
i
onwhatar
et
het
ypesofgr
aphswewi
l
ldel
i
verandal
sogi
veasampl
eofeach
gr
aphwewi
l
lbedel
i
ver
i
ng.

(
Def
ectDi
st
r
i
but
i
onGr
aph)
113|Page

(
Bui
l
dwi
seGr
aph)

114|Page

(
Def
ectTr
endAnal
ysi
sGr
aph)

Gr
aph1:
-i
nt
hi
sgr
aphwedepi
cthowmanybugshavebeenf
oundandhowmanybugshavebeenf
i
xed
i
neachmodul
e.

Gr
aph2:
-i
nt
hi
sgr
aph,wedepi
cthow manycr
i
t
i
cal
,maj
orandmi
norbugshavebeenf
oundf
oreach
modul
eandhowmanyhavebeenf
i
xedf
oreachmodul
e.

Gr
aph3:
-i
nt
hi
sgr
aph,wedepi
ctbui
l
dwi
segr
aphi
.
e,i
neachbui
l
dhow manybugshavebeenf
ound

andf
i
xedf
oreachmodul
e.Accor
di
ngt
ot
hemodul
e,wehavef
ounddef
ect
s.Addi
ngChasi
nt
r
oduceda
l
otofbugsi
nAandB.Addi
ngDhasi
nt
r
oducedal
otofbugsi
nA,BandC.

Gr
aph4:
-Def
ectTr
endAnal
ysi
sgr
aphdepi
ct
st
hi
sgr
aphi
spr
epar
edever
ymont
handwemustsendi
t
t
omanagement
.I
t

saki
ndoff
or
ecast
.Byt
heendoft
hepr
oj
ect
,
r
at
eoff
i
xi
ngdef
ect
scur
vemusthave
anupwar
dt
r
end.TestLeadpr
epar
est
hi
sgr
aph.
115|Page

Gr
aph5:
-Testmanagerpr
epar
est
hi
sgr
aph.Thi
sgr
aphi
spr
epar
edt
ounder
st
andt
hegapi
nes
t
i
mat
i
on

ofdef
ect
sandt
heact
ualdef
ect
st
hathaveoccur
r
ed.Thi
sgr
aphhel
psi
nbet
t
erest
i
mat
i
onofdef
ect
si
n
t
hef
ut
ur
e.

Met
r
i
cs
Modul
e
Name
Sal
es
Pur
chas
e
Asset
Sur
vey

Cr
i
t
i
cal
Found
Fi
xed
40
36

Maj
or
Found
Fi
xed
80
30

Mi
nor
Found
Fi
xed
90
15

.
.

Def
ectDi
st
r
i
but
i
onMet
r
i
cs

Wegener
at
et
hedef
ectdi
st
r
i
but
i
ongr
aph(
gr
aph1)byl
ooki
ngatt
heabovedat
a.
Si
mi
l
ar
l
ywecangener
at
emanysuchmet
r
i
cs
.
Forex,
TestEngi
neer
Name
Bi
pi
n
Raj
at
h
Ami
t
h

Cr
i
t
i
cal
Found
Fi
xed
40
36
.
.

.
.

Maj
or
Found
Fi
xed
80
30

Mi
nor
Found
Fi
xed
90
15

I
nt
heabovegr
aph,wear
emai
nt
ai
nar
ecor
dofal
lt
het
estengi
neer
si
nt
hepr
oj
ectandhow manybugs
havebeencaughtandf
i
xedet
c.Wecanuset
hi
sdat
af
orf
ut
ur
eanal
ysi
s
.Whenanewr
equi
r
ementcomes,
wecandeci
dewhot
ogi
vet
hecompl
exf
eat
ur
ef
ort
est
i
ngbasedont
henumberofbugst
heyhavef
ound.
Wewi
l
lbei
nabet
t
erposi
t
i
ont
oknowwhocanhandl
et
hecompl
exf
eat
ur
esver
ywel
landf
i
ndmaxi
mum
numberofbugs.

I
nt
er
vi
ewQuest
i
onsandTi
ps
1)Whati
sMet
r
i
cs?
Ans)Wecant
el
lanyoft
heabove.
2)Ont
hel
astdayoft
hepr
oj
ecti
.
eonr
el
easedat
e,wef
i
ndacr
i
t
i
calbug.Thenwhatwi
l
l
youdo?Wi
l
lyour
el
easet
hepr
oductorf
i
xt
hecr
i
t
i
calbug?
Ans)1stsayTest
i
ngt
eam pr
epar
esar
epor
tandsomet
i
mesal
sopr
ovi
desasuggest
i
onon
whatcanbedone.But
,i
t

st
heManagementt
eam whi
cht
akesadeci
si
ononwhet
hert
o
r
el
easet
hepr
oductornot
.
But
,nowt
heI
nt
er
vi
ewerasksyou
Iam aski
ngwhatwi
l
lyoudo,notwhatt
he
managementwi
l
ldo?Thenanswerl
i
ket
hi
s
Iwi
l
lnotr
el
easet
hepr
oductwi
t
hcr
i
t
i
cal
116|Page
bugbecauseIwantt
odel
i
verahi
ghqual
i
t
ypr
oduct

14.
7Rel
easeNot
e

Appl
i
cat
i
ondevel
oped.
Rel
easedt
ot
he
cust
omer
.Nameoft
he
r
el
easei
s
Cheet
ah
Rel
ease

Thepr
oducti
sdevel
opedandt
est
edandr
el
easedt
ot
hecust
omer
.Thenameoft
her
el
easei
s
Cheet
ah
Rel
ease
.
Ther
el
easenot
econt
ai
ns,

1)Li
stofpendi
ng/
openbugs

2)Li
stoff
eat
ur
esadded,modi
f
i
edordel
et
ed

3)
Pl
at
f
or
ms(
OS,Br
owser
s,Har
dwar
e)i
nwhi
cht
hepr
oducti
st
est
ed
.
.
.
.
4)Pl
at
f
or
msi
nwhi
cht
hepr
oducti
snott
est
ed

5)
Li
stofbugsf
i
xedi
ncur
r
entr
el
easewhi
chwer
ef
oundi
npr
evi
ousr
el
easepr
oduct
i
on
.
.

TI
GER
RELEASE

CHEETAH
RELEASE

Letusconsi
dert
hatCheet
ahr
el
easei
st
he2nd r
el
easeoft
hepr
oductaf
t
ert
he1str
el
easeTi
gerr
el
ease.
Someoft
hebugsf
oundi
nt
he1str
el
easehasbeenf
i
xedi
nt
he2nd r
el
ease.Al
soal
i
stoff
eat
ur
eswhi
ch
s
t
nd
havebeenadded,modi
f
i
edanddel
et
edf
r
om t
he1 r
el
easet
ot
he2 r
el
easewi
l
l
bement
i
onedher
e.

6)Pr
ocedur
et
oi
nst
al
lt
hesof
t
war
e
.
.

7)Ver
si
onoft
hesof
t
war
e
.
.
117|Page

Rel
easeNot
ei
sadocumentpr
epar
eddur
i
ngr
el
easeoft
hepr
oj
ectandsi
gnedbyt
estmanager

15)
TEMPLATES

Thi
ssect
i
oncont
ai
nsal
lt
het
empl
at
esf
ort
hedocument
swhi
chwi
l
lbeusedi
nt
hepr
oj
ect
.Onl
yt
hese
t
empl
at
eswi
l
lbeusedbyal
lt
het
estengi
neer
si
nt
hepr
oj
ectsoast
opr
ovi
deuni
f
or
mi
t
yt
ot
heent
i
r
e
pr
oj
ect
.Thevar
i
ousdocument
swhi
chwi
l
lbecover
edi
nt
heTempl
at
esect
i
onar
e,
TestCase
Tr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
x
TestExecut
i
onRepor
t
Def
ectRepor
t
TestCaseRevi
ewTempl
at
e

Thi
si
showaTestPl
andocumentl
ooksl
i
ke,
Pg1

CBO_Test
pl
an

Revi
si
onHi
st
or
y

Ver
si
on

Aut
hor

Revi
ewed
By

Appr
oved
By

Comment
s

Appr
ovalDat
e

.
.

Nameof
manager

Ver
si
on1.
0i
s
devel
oped

dd/
mm/
yyyy

1.
1

.
.

.
.

""

Ver
si
on1.
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s
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oped.XYZ
f
eat
ur
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sadded

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yyyy

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2
3
.
.

Obj
ect
i
ve
Scope
Appr
oach

pg1
pg2
pg3

TABLEOFCONTENTS

118|Page

Pg3Pg19
.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Ent
i
r
eTestPl
andocument

Pg20
1)CRS
2)SRS
3)FS
4)Desi
gndocument

REFERENCES

I
nt
he1stpagewei
ni
t
i
al
l
yf
i
l
li
nonl
yver
si
on(
wr
i
t
easDr
af
t1.
0)
,aut
hor
,comment
sandr
evi
ewedby.
Lat
eronwhent
hemanagerappr
ovesi
t
,wef
i
l
li
nt
heAppr
ovedbyandappr
ovaldat
eandal
sor
emove
(
Dr
af
t
)wr
i
t
t
eni
nver
si
oncol
umn.
Gener
al
l
yTestEngi
neer
sonl
yr
evi
ewi
tandt
het
estpl
ani
sappr
ovedbyTestManager
.
Whennew f
eat
ur
escome,wemodi
f
yt
heTestPl
an.Changet
hever
si
onandwhi
cheverf
eat
ur
esneedt
o
be changed.Agai
ni
ti
sr
evi
ewed,updat
ed and appr
oved bymanager
.TestPl
an mustbe updat
ed
wheneverchangeshappen.
Ref
er
ences(
Pg20)cont
ai
nsal
lt
hedocument
st
hatar
eusedt
owr
i
t
et
het
estpl
andocument
.

Whowr
i
t
esTestPl
an?

TestLead60%
TestManager20%
TestEngi
neer20%
Thus,wecanseef
r
om abovei
n60% ofpr
oj
ect
s
,Testpl
ani
swr
i
t
t
enbyTestLeadandsoonasshown
above.

Whor
evi
ewsTestPl
an?

TestEngi
neer
TestLead
TestManager
Cust
omer
Devel
opmentt
eam
119|Page

TestEngi
neerl
ooksatt
heTestpl
anf
r
om hi
smodul
epoi
ntofvi
ew.
TestManagerl
ooksatt
heTestpl
anf
r
om t
hecust
omerpoi
ntofvi
ew.

Whoappr
ovesTestPl
an?
TestManager
Cust
omer

Whowr
i
t
esTestCases?
TestEngi
neer
TestLead

Whor
evi
ewsTestCases?

TestLead
TestEngi
neer
Devel
opmentTeam
Cust
omer

Whoappr
ovesTestCases?
TestLead
TestManager
Cust
omer

TRACEABI
LI
TYMATRI
X

Wehavel
ear
ntaboutTM ear
l
i
er
.Oncet
hemi
ssi
ngr
equi
r
ement
sar
ei
dent
i
f
i
edwewr
i
t
et
het
estcasesf
or
t
her
equi
r
ement
swhi
chwehavemi
ssedr
evi
ewi
tandgeti
tappr
ovedandt
henst
or
et
het
estcasesi
n
t
her
eposi
t
or
yandt
henf
i
l
li
nt
henameoft
het
estcasef
orwhi
cht
her
equi
r
ement
shavebeenmi
ssed.

Tr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
xi
sadocumentwhi
chhasgott
hemappi
ngbet
weenr
equi
r
ement
sandt
estcases.We
wr
i
t
eTM t
omakesur
et
hatever
yr
equi
r
ementhasgotat
l
east1t
estcase.
REQUI
REMNTS

.
.
.
.

120|Page

Ser
i
al
No.

Modul
e
Name

Hi
ghLevel
Requi
r
ement
s

TestCaseName

Aut
omat
i
on
Scr
i
pt
Name

1.
1.
1

CBO_PL_Appr
oval

1.
1.
2

CBO_PL_El
gi
bi
l
i
t
y
check

Det
ai
l
ed
Requi
r
ement

1.
1Per
sonalLoans
1

LOANS
1.
2HomeLoans

2.
1FANt
extf
i
el
d

AMOUNT
TRANSFER

2.
2TANt
extf
i
el
d

2.
3AmountTextf
i
el
d

1.
2.
1
1.
2.
2
2.
1.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y10di
gi
t
i
nt
eger
2.
1.
2Shoul
d
acceptonl
yt
hose
number
swhi
char
e
cr
eat
edbymanager
2.
2.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y10di
gi
t
i
nt
eger
2.
2.
2Shoul
d
acceptonl
yt
hose
number
scr
eat
edby
manager
2.
3.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y1005000,posi
t
i
ve
i
nt
eger
2.
3.
2Shoul
dnot
acceptmor
et
han
bal
ance

.
.

I
nt
heaboveTM wehavewr
i
t
t
ent
heaboveTM l
ooki
ngatt
her
equi
r
ement
s
.Forever
yr
equi
r
ement
,we
wr
i
t
et
het
estcasename(
gi
veni
nt
heheaderoft
het
estcase)andt
husweknow t
hatwehavewr
i
t
t
ena
t
estcasef
ort
hatpar
t
i
cul
arr
equi
r
ement
.Now,webl
ockt
hecel
l
sf
orwhi
chwehavenotwr
i
t
t
ent
estcases.
Thuswehavemi
ssedoutont
heser
equi
r
ement
s.
Webl
ocki
ti
nr
ed.Forwhi
cheverr
equi
r
ementwehavenotwr
i
t
t
ent
estcasewer
eadt
her
equi
r
ement
s
wr
i
t
et
estcasesr
evi
ew i
tandgeti
tappr
ovedst
or
ei
ti
nr
eposi
t
or
yt
hengof
i
l
li
nt
het
estcasename
f
orwhi
cheverr
equi
r
ement
swehavemi
ssed.Thus
,i
nt
hi
swayf
orever
yr
equi
r
ement
swehaveat
l
east1
t
estcase.
Lookatt
hef
i
gur
ei
nt
henextpage,
Thusnow al
lt
hebl
ockedcel
l
shavebeenr
emovedandt
estcaseshavebeenwr
i
t
t
enf
ort
hemi
ssi
ng
r
equi
r
ement
s.

121|Page

Ser
i
al
No.

Modul
e
Name

Hi
ghLevel
Requi
r
ement
s

TestCaseName

Aut
omat
i
on
Scr
i
pt
Name

1.
1.
1

CBO_PL_Appr
oval

1.
1.
2

CBO_PL_El
gi
bi
l
i
t
y
check

Det
ai
l
ed
Requi
r
ement

1.
1Per
sonalLoans
1

LOANS
1.
2HomeLoans

2.
1FANt
extf
i
el
d

AMOUNT
TRANSFER

2.
2TANt
extf
i
el
d

2.
3AmountTextf
i
el
d

1.
2.
1

1.
2.
2

2.
1.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y10di
gi
t
i
nt
eger
2.
1.
2Shoul
d
acceptonl
yt
hose
number
swhi
char
e
cr
eat
edbymanager
2.
2.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y10di
gi
t
i
nt
eger
2.
2.
2Shoul
d
acceptonl
yt
hose
number
scr
eat
edby
manager
2.
3.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y1005000,posi
t
i
ve
i
nt
eger
2.
3.
2Shoul
dnot
acceptmor
et
han
bal
ance

But100% cover
agei
snotassur
ed i
nTr
aceabi
l
i
t
ymat
r
i
x.Forex,ar
equi
r
ementmayhaveabout10
scenar
i
os,butwehavecover
edonl
y3scenar
i
os
.Thus,TM wi
l
lnotpr
omi
seyout
hatwehave100%
cover
age.I
nst
ead i
tensur
est
hatever
yr
equi
r
ementhasat
l
east1t
estcasewhi
chi
nt
ur
ngi
vest
he
conf
i
dencet
hatwear
et
ouchi
ngal
lt
hef
eat
ur
esat
l
eastonce.
I
nt
heabovet
abl
e,wehav
eacol
umnnamedaut
omat
i
onscr
i
ptname.I
fwear
eaut
omat
i
nganyt
estcase,
wef
i
l
li
nt
heaut
omat
i
onscr
i
ptname(
whi
chi
ssameasmanualt
estcasename)andwhi
chwear
enot
conver
t
i
ng,wewr
i
t
ei
tasmanual
.Thus
,wecanknowwhi
cht
estcasei
saut
omat
edandmanual
.Wewr
i
t
e
t
hi
sbecausewecantcheckever
yt
estcaset
oseei
fi
ti
smanualoraut
omat
ed.Thi
si
sshowni
nt
het
abl
e
gi
venbel
ow,

122|Page

Ser
i
al
No.

Modul
e
Name

Hi
ghLevel
Requi
r
ement
s

Det
ai
l
ed
Requi
r
ement

LOANS
1.
2HomeLoans

2.
1FANt
extf
i
el
d

AMOUNT
TRANSFER

2.
2TANt
extf
i
el
d

2.
3AmountText
f
i
el
d

Aut
omat
i
onScr
i
pt
Name

1.
1.
1

CBO_PL_Appr
oval CBO_PL_
Appr
oval

1.
1.
2

CBO_PL_El
gi
bi
l
i
t
y
check

1.
1Per
sonalLoans
1

TestCaseName

1.
2.
1

1.
2.
2

2.
1.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y10
di
gi
ti
nt
eger
2.
1.
2Shoul
d
acceptonl
yt
hose
number
swhi
ch
ar
ecr
eat
edby
manager
2.
2.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y10
di
gi
ti
nt
eger
2.
2.
2Shoul
d
acceptonl
yt
hose
number
scr
eat
ed
bymanager
2.
3.
1Shoul
d
acceptonl
y1005000,posi
t
i
ve
i
nt
eger
2.
3.
2Shoul
dnot
acceptmor
et
han
bal
ance

CBO_PL_
El
gi
bi
l
i
t
y
check
.
.

Manual

Manual

Manual

TM gi
vest
r
aceabi
l
i
t
yf
r
om hi
ghl
evelr
equi
r
ement
st
oaut
omat
i
onscr
i
ptname.
Advant
agesofTr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
x
Ensur
est
hatever
yr
equi
r
ementhasat
l
east1t
estcase
I
fsuddenl
yr
equi
r
ementi
schangedwewi
l
lbeknowi
ngwhi
chi
st
heexactt
estcaseoraut
omat
i
on
scr
i
ptt
o bemodi
f
i
ed
Wewi
l
lcomet
oknow whi
cht
estcaseshoul
dbeexecut
edmanual
l
yandwhi
char
et
obedone
aut
omat
i
cal
l
y.
Whowr
i
t
esTr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
x?
TestLeadgi
vesanempt
yt
empl
at
eandTestEngi
neerf
i
l
l
si
tupf
orhi
sr
espect
i
vemodul
es.EachTest
Engi
neerf
i
l
l
si
tupf
ort
hei
rmodul
es
.Forex,TEconcer
nedwi
t
hLoansf
eat
ur
ewi
l
lf
i
l
li
nt
hedet
ai
l
s(
t
estcase
names)f
orLoansf
eat
ur
e.Si
mi
l
ar
l
yot
herTE(
s)dof
ort
hei
rf
eat
ur
es.
TestLeadconsol
i
dat
est
her
epor
taf
t
erever
yt
hi
nghasbeenf
i
l
l
edup.

I
nt
er
vi
ewTi
psandQuest
i
ons
1)Whati
sTr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
x?
Ans)Tel
li
tgi
vest
r
aceabi
l
i
t
yf
r
om hi
ghl
evelr
equi
r
ement
st
oaut
omat
i
onscr
i
ptname 123|Page
I
ft
hei
nt
er
vi
ewert
el
l
si
t
swr
ongt
henanswerl
i
kebel
ow,
a)i
tgi
vest
r
aceabi
l
i
t
yl
i
ke:CRSSRSFSTestCasenameAut
omat
i
onScr
i
ptName
b)CRSusecaseTestCasenameaut
omat
i
onscr
i
ptname
2)Whati
st
hedi
f
f
er
encebet
weenTestCaseRevi
ewandTr
aceabi
l
i
t
yMat
r
i
x?

Whati
sTestSt
r
at
egy?
I
ti
sadocumentwhi
chcapt
ur
est
heappr
oachonhowwegoaboutt
est
i
ngt
hepr
oduct
.
Theappr
oachcanbef
r
om ,
a)r
esour
cepoi
ntofvi
ew
b)aut
omat
i
onornot
.
.
.
.
Li
ket
hi
sf
r
om manypoi
nt
sofvi
ew,wecapt
ur
et
heappr
oach.
Af
t
erTestSt
r
at
egy,onl
yt
henwest
ar
twr
i
t
i
ngt
hedet
ai
l
edTestPl
anandcont
i
nuef
ur
t
her
.
TheTestSt
r
at
egyi
sr
evi
ewedbydevel
opmentt
eam andaf
t
erchangesar
emade,i
ti
sappr
oved.

TESTEXECUTI
ON

Her
e,wet
estt
hepr
oduct
.
Wet
estr
epeat
edl
yf
or4060cycl
es.Wedoal
lt
ypesoft
est
i
ngont
heappl
i
cat
i
on.TestExecut
i
oni
st
he
phasewher
ewespend80% ofourt
i
meont
hepr
oj
ect
.Onl
y20% i
sspentont
her
emai
ni
ngst
ages.

DEFECTTRACKI
NG

(
30% ofI
nt
er
vi
ewQuest
i
onscomesf
r
om t
hi
st
opi
c)
Def
ect:I
faf
eat
ur
ei
snotwor
ki
ngaccor
di
ngt
ot
her
equi
r
ement
,i
ti
scal
l
edadef
ect
.
Devi
at
i
onf
r
om r
equi
r
ementspeci
f
i
cat
i
oni
scal
l
edasdef
ect
.
124|Page

I
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONS
1)Whati
st
hedi
f
f
er
enceb/
wdef
ect
,bug,er
r
orandf
ai
l
ur
e?
Ans)
BUGi
si
nf
or
malnamegi
vent
ot
hedef
ect
.
ERRORi
ti
sami
st
akedonei
nt
hepr
ogr
am becauseofwhi
chwear
enotabl
et
ocompi
l
eor
r
unt
hepr
ogr
am
FAI
LUREdef
ectl
eadst
of
ai
l
ur
eordef
ectcausesf
ai
l
ur
e.Chancesar
et
her
e1def
ectmi
ght
l
eadt
o1f
ai
l
ur
eormul
t
i
pl
ef
ai
l
ur
es.
Taket
heexampl
eofAmountTr
ansf
erf
eat
ur
enotwor
ki
ngf
orenduser
swhenendusert
r
i
est
o
t
r
ansf
ermoneysubmi
tbut
t
oni
snotwor
ki
ng.Thus,t
hi
si
saf
ai
l
ur
e.
DEFECTThevar
i
at
i
onbet
weent
heact
ualr
esul
t
sandexpect
edr
esul
t
si
sknownasdef
ect
.
Abugoccur
sonl
ybecauseoft
hef
ol
l
owi
ngr
easons
,
Wr
ongi
mpl
ement
at
i
on:
-Her
e,wr
ongi
mpl
ement
at
i
onsmeanscodi
ng.Forex,i
nanappl
i
cat
i
on
whenyoucl
i
ckon
SALESl
i
nki
tgoest
o
PURCHASEpaget
hi
soccur
sbecauseofwr
ong
codi
ng.Thus,t
hi
si
sabug.
Mi
ssi
ngi
mpl
ement
at
i
on:
-Wemaynothavedevel
opedt
hecodeonl
yf
ort
hatf
eat
ur
e.Forex,open
t
heappl
i
cat
i
on
SALESl
i
nki
snott
her
eonl
yt
hatmeansf
eat
ur
ehasnotbeendevel
opedonl
y
t
hi
si
sabug.
Ext
r
ai
mpl
ement
at
i
on:
-Thedevel
operdevel
opsext
r
af
eat
ur
ewhi
chi
snotneededandnott
her
ei
n
t
her
equi
r
ement
sal
so.Forex,consi
dert
hebel
owappl
i
cat
i
on

SUBMI
T

CANCEL

HELP

I
nt
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
onr
equi
r
ement
ssayonl
yt
odevel
op
submi
t
and
cancel
but
t
onbutt
he
devel
operal
sodevel
ops
hel
pbut
t
onwhi
chi
snott
her
ei
nt
her
equi
r
ement
s
.
I
fwedevel
opext
r
af
eat
ur
esnott
her
ei
nt
her
equi
r
ement
s
,i
tl
eadst
ounnecessar
yext
r
aef
f
or
t
Chancesar
et
her
et
hataddi
ngext
r
af
eat
ur
esmi
ghtaf
f
ectot
herf
eat
ur
es.
Now,l
et

sunder
st
and
WHATI
SDEFECTTRACKI
NG
Devel
operdevel
opst
hepr
oductt
estengi
neerst
ar
t
st
est
i
ngt
hepr
oducthef
i
ndsadef
ectnowt
heTE
mustsendt
hedef
ectt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.
Hepr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
tandsendsamai
lt
ot
heDevel
opmentl
eadsayi
ng
bugopen
.
Devel
opmentl
eadl
ooksatt
hemai
landatt
hebugandbyl
ooki
ngatt
hebughecomest
oknow t
o
whi
chdevel
opmentengi
neerdevel
opedt
hatf
eat
ur
ewhi
chhadabugandsendst
hedef
ectr
epor
tt
ot
hat
par
t
i
cul
ardevel
operands
ays
bugassi
gned
.
125|Page

Thedevel
opmentengi
neerf
i
xest
hebugandsendsamai
lt
ot
het
estengi
neersayi
ng
bugf
i
xedhe
al
so
ccmai
l
t
ot
hedevel
opmentl
ead.
Nowt
heTEt
akest
henewbui
l
di
nwhi
cht
hebugi
sf
i
xedandi
ft
hebugi
sr
eal
l
yf
i
xedt
hensendsamai
l
t
ot
hedevel
opersayi
ng
bugcl
os
edandal
so
ccmai
l
t
ot
hedevel
opmentl
ead.
Ever
ybugwi
l
lhaveanuni
quenumber
.
I
ft
hedef
ecti
sst
i
l
lt
her
ei
twi
l
lbesentbackas
bugr
eopen
.
Weshoul
dal
s
osendacopyoft
hedef
ectr
epor
tt
ot
heTL.Whydowedot
hi
s?Because,
Heshoul
dbeawar
eofal
lt
hei
ssuest
hatar
et
her
ei
nt
hepr
oj
ect
Togetvi
si
bi
l
i
t
y(
i
.
e,heshoul
dknowt
hatwear
ewor
ki
ng)
90% ofpr
oj
ect
swedon
tt
akeper
mi
s
si
onf
r
om Tes
tLeadt
osendbugst
odevel
opmentt
eam.
Ar
ound10% ofpr
oj
ect
s,wet
akeper
mi
ssi
onbecaus
e,
Cust
omeri
snew f
orex,Rel
i
qhasat
est
i
ngt
eam whi
chi
st
est
i
ngapr
oductdevel
opedby
Vodaf
onedevel
oper
s.Wecantsendal
lsor
t
sofmaj
or
,mi
norandcr
i
t
i
calbugst
ot
hei
rdevel
opment
t
eam.Sot
estl
eadf
i
r
stappr
ovest
hedef
ectandt
hensendsi
tt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam sayi
ngi
t

sa
val
i
dbug.
Whenwear
enewt
ot
hepr
oj
ect
Whenweshoul
dsenddef
ect
st
odevel
opmentt
eam?assoonaswecat
cht
hedef
ect
,wesendi
tt
o
devel
opmentt
eam.
Whydowesendi
ti
mmedi
at
el
y?
Ot
her
wi
sesomeoneel
sewi
l
lsendt
hedef
ect(
commonf
eat
ur
es)
Devel
opmentt
eam wi
l
lhavesuf
f
i
ci
entt
i
met
of
i
xt
hebugi
fwesendt
hebugasap.

NOTE

Forwhi
chandal
lt
ypesoft
est
i
ngdowewr
i
t
et
estcases?
SmokeTest
i
ngher
e,wear
et
est
i
ngbasi
cf
eat
ur
esonl
y.Sowecanpul
l
outsomet
estcases
whi
chhasal
lt
hebasi
cf
eat
ur
essowedon
thavet
owr
i
t
et
estcasesf
ort
hi
s.
Funct
i
onalTest
i
ngyes,wewr
i
t
et
estcases
I
n
t
e
g
r
a
i
o
nT
e
st
i
n
g
y
e
s,w
ew
r
i
t
et
e
s
t
c
a
s
e
s
Us
a
b
i
l
i
t
yt
T
e
st
i
n
g
w
eu
s
es
t
a
nda
r
dc
h
e
c
k
l
i
s
t
.
Wedon
twr
i
t
et
estcasesbecausewear
ej
ustt
est
i
ng
S
y
s
t
e
m
T
e
s
t
i
n
g
y
e
s
,
w
ew
r
i
t
et
e
s
t
c
a
s
e
s
t
hel
ookandf
eeloft
heappl
i
cat
i
onher
e.
A
c
c
e
p
t
a
n
c
eT
s
t
i
n
g
e
s,c
u
s
t
o
me
r
ma
y
w
r
i
t
et
estcases
Ac
c
e
s
s
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
Tee
st
i
n
g
hy
e
r
ea
l
s
o
,
w
eu
s
ec
he
c
k
l
i
st
C
o
mp
a
t
i
b
i
l
i
t
y
T
e
s
t
i
n
g
w
ed
o
n

t
w
r
i
t
eb
e
c
a
u
s
et
h
es
a
met
est
c
as
et
s
a
sa
b
o
vea
eusedf
ort
est
i
ng
Rel
i
abi
l
i
t
yTest
i
ngwedon
twr
i
t
emanual
t
estcas
e
sa
n
dweu
s
ea
u
o
ma
t
i
o
nt
oor
l
o
nv
a
r
i
o
u
s
p
l
a
t
f
o
r
ms
Regr
essi
onTest
i
ngYeswehaveFT,I
T,STt
estcases.Nobecaus
eweuset
hesamet
estcases.
Ac
d
h
o
cT
t
i
n
g
wY
ed
n
t
r
i
t
eb
ec
a
u
s
et
h
e
y
ar
e
o
nt
l
y
o
r

r
a
n
i
d
e
a
s
/
s
c
e
n
r
i
o
s
.
H
o
w
,
Re
o
v
e
r
ye
Ts
e
s
t
i
ng
es
,
ww
ew
r
i
t
et
e
s
t
c
as
e
s
.Wec
h
ech
kef
ho
wt
h
ep
r
od
do
um
ctr
e
c
o
v
e
r
s
f
r
oa
m
c
r
a
s
h
e
sever
i
f
w
i
n
dc
r
i
t
i
c
alb
u
,w
t
h
enw
ec
tt
hatscenar
i
oi
nt
ot
estcase.
Se
c
uef
r
i
t
y
T
es
t
i
n
g
y
eg
s,
ew
r
i
t
e onver
P
e
r
f
o
r
ma
n
c
eT
e
s
t
i
n
g
w
ema
y
n
o
t
w
r
i
t
et
e
s
t
c
a
s
e
s
b
e
c
a
u
sewedot
hi
susi
ngt
ool
.
Gl
obal
i
z
at
i
onTest
i
ng,
L10Nt
est
i
ngyes,wewr
i
t
e
I
18Nt
est
i
ngyes,wewr
i
t
e

126|Page

DEFECTLI
FECYCLE

Cannot
bef
i
xed

DUPLI
CATE

OPEN

REJECT/
Nota
def
ect

ASSI
GNED

CLOSED

FI
XED

REOPEN

Not
Repr
oduci
bl
e

Post
poned/
Fi
xedi
n
f
ut
ur
er
el
ease

RFE
Requestf
or
enhancement

Cust
omergi
vesr
equi
r
ement
sdevel
oper
sar
edevel
opi
ngt
hes/
w t
est
i
ngt
eam i
swr
i
t
i
ngt
estcas
es
l
ooki
ngatt
her
equi
r
ement
s
Devel
operdevel
opst
hepr
oductt
estengi
neerst
ar
t
st
est
i
ngt
hepr
oducthef
i
ndsadef
ectnowt
heTE
mustsendt
hedef
ectt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.
Hepr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
tandsendsamai
lt
ot
heDevel
opmentl
eadsayi
ng
bugopen
.
Devel
opmentl
eadl
ooksatt
hemai
landatt
hebugandbyl
ooki
ngatt
hebughecomest
oknow t
o
whi
chdevel
opmentengi
neerdevel
opedt
hatf
eat
ur
ewhi
chhadabugandsendst
hedef
ectr
epor
tt
ot
hat
par
t
i
cul
ardevel
operands
ays
bugassi
gned
.
Thedevel
opmentengi
neerf
i
xest
hebugandsendsamai
lt
ot
het
estengi
neersayi
ng
bugf
i
xedhe
al
so
ccmai
l
t
ot
hedevel
opmentl
ead.
Now t
heTEt
akest
henew bui
l
di
nwhi
cht
hebugi
sf
i
xedandr
et
est
si
tagai
nandi
ft
hebugi
sr
eal
l
y
127|Page

f
i
xedt
hensendsamai
lt
ot
hedevel
opersayi
ng
bugcl
osedandal
so
ccmai
l
t
ot
hedevel
opmentl
ead.
Ever
ybugwi
l
lhaveanuni
quenumber
.
I
ft
hedef
ecti
sst
i
l
lt
her
ei
twi
l
lbesentbackas
bugr
eopen
.

REJECTBUG
Now,whent
heTEsendsadef
ectr
epor
tt
heDevel
opmentLeadwi
l
l
l
ookati
tandr
ej
ectt
hebug.
Bugi
sr
ej
ect
edbecause,
1)Mi
sunder
st
andi
ngofr
equi
r
ement
s
2)Whi
l
ei
nst
al
l
i
ngorconf
i
gur
i
ngt
hepr
oductwr
ongl
yconf
i
gur
edori
nst
al
l
edt
hepr
oductandwef
ounda
bugi
nt
hepr
oductsendi
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam devel
opersays
r
ej
ect
becausehel
ooksatt
hedef
ect
r
epor
tandcomest
oknowt
hatt
heTest
i
ngt
eam hasnoti
nst
al
l
edt
hepr
oductcor
r
ect
l
y.
3)Ref
er
r
i
ngt
ool
dr
equi
r
ement
s
Chancesar
et
her
et
hatTest
i
ngt
eam mayber
ef
er
r
i
ngt
ool
dr
equi
r
ement
swhi
l
et
est
i
ngt
hepr
oduct
.
s
t
Forex,-i
nt
he1 bui
l
ddevel
oper
shavegi
vent
hepr
oductf
ort
est
i
ngi
nwhi
chasal
esl
i
nkbut
t
oni
s
t
her
e,t
estengi
neerdoest
est
i
ng and r
epor
t
sanydef
ect
si
nt
he2nd bui
l
d,cust
omerhasgi
ven a
r
equi
r
ementchanget
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam wher
ei
nhehasaskedt
hem t
or
emovet
hesal
esl
i
nkbut
t
on
butt
het
est
i
ngt
eam i
snotawar
eoft
hi
schangesowhent
hedevel
opmentt
eam gi
vest
henewbui
l
d
obvi
ousl
yt
heywoul
dhaver
emovedt
hesal
esbut
t
ont
estengi
neerwhenhel
ooksatt
hef
eat
ur
ehei
s
r
ef
er
r
i
ngt
ool
dr
equi
r
ement
swhi
chhassal
esl
i
nkbut
t
onbuti
nt
henew r
equi
r
ement
si
thasbeen
r
emovedwhi
cht
het
estengi
neeri
snotawar
eofsoher
epor
t
sabugdevel
opmentt
eam t
henr
epl
y
backsayi
ng
r
ef
ert
onewr
equi
r
ement
si
nwhi
chsal
esl
i
nkbut
t
onhasbeenr
emoved
.
4)Becauseofext
r
af
eat
ur
es
Consi
dert
heexampl
eandf
i
gur
eshowni
nPg130.
Her
e,
hel
pbut
t
oni
saf
eat
ur
ewhi
chhasbeendevel
opedbyt
hedevel
operasanext
r
af
eat
ur
enotpar
tof
her
equi
r
ement
sobvi
ousl
ywhent
heTEl
ooksatt
heappl
i
cat
i
onandr
equi
r
ement
s
,si
nceHel
pf
eat
ur
ei
s
nott
her
eher
epor
t
si
tasabugt
hedevel
operr
ej
ect
si
tsayi
ng
i
ti
sanext
r
af
eat
ur
eandt
hathewont
t
esti
t
TestEngi
neerr
epl
i
esbackbyr
eopeni
ngt
hebugsayi
ng
updat
et
her
equi
r
ement
s
updat
i
ng
t
her
equi
r
ement
sr
equi
r
esl
otofr
unni
ngar
oundf
ort
hedevel
opmentt
eam,t
al
ki
ngt
ot
hecust
omerandal
l
t
hatsoheei
t
herr
emovesi
tort
al
kst
ot
hecust
omer
.

DUPLI
CATEBUG
TheTEf
i
ndsabugandsendsadef
ectr
epor
tandal
soassi
gnst
hebugr
epor
tanumberl
et

ssayhe
sendsabugr
epor
tnumber
edasBug25nowt
hedevel
operr
epl
i
esbackbysayi
ng
Bug25i
sdupl
i
cat
e
ofBug10i
.
e,anot
herTestengi
neerhasal
r
eadysentt
hatbugear
l
i
erandi
ti
sbei
ngf
i
xed.
Whydowegetdupl
i
cat
ebugs?
Becauseofcommonf
eat
ur
esLet
ssayTestEngi
neerAandBar
et
est
i
nganappl
i
cat
i
onTest
Engi
neerAandB t
ot
estt
hei
rf
eat
ur
esmustLogi
nt
ot
heappl
i
cat
i
onusi
ngval
i
duser
nameand
passwor
dbef
or
et
heycangodeepi
nt
ot
heappl
i
cat
i
onandst
ar
tt
est
i
ngt
hei
rf
eat
ur
esAent
er
s
val
i
duser
nameandpasswor
dandcl
i
cksonLogi
nbut
t
oni
tgoest
oabl
ankpaget
hi
si
sabug
soApr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
tf
ort
hi
sbugandsendsi
tt
odevel
operAf
t
ersomet
i
me,Bal
sot
r
i
es
t
ol
ogi
nandf
i
ndst
hesamebugheal
sopr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
tandsendsi
tt
odevel
operbut
devel
opersendsbackdef
ectr
epor
tofBsayi
ng
i
ti
sadupl
i
cat
e
.
Bf
i
ndsbugi
nA
smodul
el
et

ssayAandB ar
et
est
i
ngt
hei
rr
espect
i
vef
eat
ur
esAi
sdoi
ng
f
unct
i
onalt
est
i
ngandi
nt
egr
at
i
ont
est
i
ngonal
lhi
sf
eat
ur
esSi
mi
l
ar
l
yB i
sal
sot
est
i
ngal
lhi
s
f
eat
ur
esI
nonescenar
i
o,Bneedst
ogot
oA
sf
eat
ur
e(
saym12)andsenddat
at
oB
sf
eat
ur
e(
say
128|Page

m23)whenB cl
i
cksonm12,hef
i
ndsabugal
t
houghi
t
sf
eat
ur
eofA,hecanst
i
l
lpr
epar
ea
def
ectr
epor
tandsendi
tt
odevel
oper
sandBsendst
hedef
ectr
epor
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam
now,Aaf
t
ert
est
i
ngal
lhi
sf
eat
ur
escomest
ohi
sf
eat
ur
em12heal
sof
i
ndst
hesamedef
ectand
sendsadef
ectr
epor
tbutt
hedevel
oper
ssendi
tbacksayi
ng
i
ti
sdupl
i
cat
e
.
Howt
oavoi
ddupl
i
cat
ebugs?

QA
CBO_DEFECTS

Def
ect
Reposi
t
or
y

8
Sal
es

MSSear
ch
Letusconsi
derTestEngi
neerAi
st
est
i
ngSal
esmodul
eandf
i
ndsadef
ectwher
ei
nheent
er
sal
lt
he
i
nf
or
mat
i
onandt
henwhenhecl
i
cksonSubmi
tbut
t
on,i
ti
sgoi
ngt
oBl
ankpagehepr
epar
esadef
ect
r
epor
ti
nwhi
chheexpl
ai
nst
hedef
ect
.
Now,bef
or
ehesendsi
tt
odevel
operAl
ogsi
nt
oaser
vernamedQAt
her
e,hegoesi
nt
oaf
ol
dercal
l
ed

Def
ectReposi
t
or
y
whi
chhasal
lt
hedef
ectr
epor
t
spr
epar
edbyTE(
s)andsentt
odevel
oper
sandcl
i
cks
onMSSear
chandgi
vesSal
esast
hesear
chkeywor
dandhi
t
sonsear
chbut
t
onnow,i
tst
ar
t
sl
ooki
ng
i
nsi
det
hef
ol
deri
ft
her
ear
eanydef
ectr
epor
twhi
chhasSal
esi
ni
ti
ft
hesear
chr
esul
t
si
nNof
i
l
est
hen
Awi
l
lf
i
r
stcopypast
ehi
sdef
ectr
epor
ti
nt
hedef
ectr
eposi
t
or
yandt
hensendt
hedef
ectr
epor
tt
ot
he
devel
opmentt
eam whot
henassi
gni
tt
ot
hedevel
opmentengi
neer
.
Now,af
t
eraf
ewdaysanot
herTEBf
i
ndst
hesamedef
ectandheal
sopr
epar
esar
epor
tbutbef
or
ehe
sendsi
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam.Hef
i
r
stl
ogsont
oQA and Def
ectReposi
t
or
yand sear
chesf
orSal
es
keywor
d hef
i
ndst
her
epor
twhi
chwasear
l
i
ersentbyTE A so hedoesn
tsend t
hedef
ectt
o
devel
opmentl
ead.
But
,al
wayst
heTEi
fhef
i
ndsadef
ectsi
mi
l
art
ohi
si
ft
heSear
choper
at
i
onyi
el
dssomer
esul
t
sbef
or
e
heconcl
udest
hathi
sdef
ecthasal
r
eadybeensenthemustf
i
r
str
eadt
hedef
ectr
epor
tandascer
t
ai
n
whet
heri
ti
st
hesamebugwhi
chhehasf
oundchancesar
et
her
et
hati
tmi
ghthavet
hekeywor
dSal
es,
buti
ti
saboutsomeot
herdef
ecti
nSal
esf
eat
ur
e.
129|Page

Forex,-TEA i
st
est
i
ngpasswor
dt
extf
i
el
dhef
i
ndst
hati
ti
saccept
i
ng12char
act
er
sal
so(
when
r
equi
r
ementsays
i
tmustacceptonl
y10char
act
er
s

)t
hat

sabug.Sohepr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
twhi
ch
hast
hekeywor
dpasswor
dandst
or
esi
ti
nt
hedef
ectr
eposi
t
or
yandal
sosendsi
tt
oDevt
eam.Now,
anot
herTEBi
sal
sot
est
i
ngpasswor
df
i
el
dhef
i
ndst
her
ei
sabugwher
ei
npasswor
dt
extf
i
el
di
sal
so
accept
i
ngbl
ankspacechar
act
erbef
or
ehepr
epar
esar
epor
t
,hegoest
ot
hedef
ectr
eposi
t
or
yand
sear
chesf
orPasswor
dkeywor
dt
her
ehef
i
ndst
heear
l
i
err
epor
tsentbyAbutt
hat

sadi
f
f
er
entdef
ect
her
eadsi
tandr
eal
i
z
est
hati
t

snott
hesamedef
ectwhi
chhehasf
oundso,hepr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
t
r
egar
di
ngt
hebl
ankspaceaccept
ancei
nt
hepasswor
dt
extf
i
el
dands
t
or
esi
ti
nt
hedef
ectr
eposi
t
or
y
andal
sosendsi
tt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.
CANNOTBEFI
XED
Chancesar
et
her
eTestEngi
neerf
i
ndsabugandsendsi
tt
oDevel
opmentLeaddevel
opmentl
ead
l
ooksatt
hebugandsendsi
tbacksayi
ng
cannotbef
i
xed
.
Whydoest
hi
shappen?Becaus
e,
Technol
ogyi
t
sel
fi
snotsuppor
t
i
ngi
.
e,pr
ogr
ammi
ngl
anguagewear
eusi
ngi
t
sel
fi
snothavi
ng
capabi
l
i
t
yt
osol
vet
hepr
obl
em
Whenevert
her
ei
sabugi
nt
her
ootoft
hepr
oduct
.I
fi
t

sami
norbug,t
hendevel
opmentl
eadsays

cannotbef
i
xed
.But
,i
fi
t

sacr
i
t
i
cal
bug,t
hendevel
opmentl
eadcannotr
ej
ectt
hebug
I
ft
hecostoff
i
xi
ngt
hebugi
smor
et
hant
hecostoft
hebugi
t
sel
fcostoft
hebugmeansl
oss
i
ncur
r
edbecauseoft
hebug.
POSTPONEDorFi
xedi
nt
henextr
el
ease
a)Wef
i
ndabugdur
i
ngt
heendoft
her
el
ease(
coul
dbemaj
orormi
norbutcannotbecr
i
t
i
cal
)devel
oper
s
won
thavet
i
met
of
i
xt
hebugsuchabugwi
l
lbepost
ponedandf
i
xedi
nt
henextr
el
easeandt
hebug
st
at
uswi
l
lbe
open
b)

BUG

Devel
oper
shavebui
l
tt
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
onTestEngi
neer
sar
et
est
i
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
onandt
heyf
i
nda
bugnow,t
hebugi
ssentt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.
Devel
opmentt
eam l
ooksatt
her
epor
tandr
epl
i
esbackt
ot
het
est
i
ngt
eam sayi
ng
t
heywi
l
lnotf
i
xt
he
bugf
ornow,ast
hecust
omeri
st
hi
nki
ngofmaki
ngsomechangest
ot
hatmodul
eorhemi
ghtaswel
lask
f
orar
equi
r
ementchangewher
ei
nt
hemodul
ei
t
sel
fmi
ghthavet
ober
emovedsot
heywon
tf
i
xt
hebug
f
ornowbuti
fnor
equi
r
ementchangehappens
,t
hent
heywi
l
l
f
i
xt
hebug.
c)I
ft
hebugi
smi
norandi
ti
si
nf
eat
ur
eexposedt
oi
nt
er
nal
user
s.
Forex,consi
derCi
t
i
bankempl
oyeeus
i
ngas/
w wher
ei
nhei
smaki
ngkeepi
ngt
r
ackofaccount
sand
cust
omerdet
ai
l
snow,f
orexampl
ei
ft
he
Sor
tbynamef
eat
ur
ei
snotwor
ki
ngi
t

sokbecausei
t

sa
mi
norbugbecauset
hedevel
opmentt
eam canal
way
sf
i
xt
hebugdur
i
ngt
henextr
el
ease.
NOTREPRODUCI
BLE
130|Page

1) Open
br
owser and
ent
er
www.
ci
t
i
bank.
com andcl
i
ckonGobut
t
on
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
SALES

.
.
.

BLANKPAGE

2) Logi
n usi
ng val
i
d user
name and
passwor
d
3)I
nt
hehomepage,cl
i
ckon
SALESl
i
nk
but
t
on
4)I
tgoest
obl
ankpage

DEFECTREPORT

Opent
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
nMoz
i
l
l
aFi
r
eFox
Letusconsi
dert
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
ont
heTEi
st
est
i
ngt
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
oni
nMoz
i
l
l
aFi
r
ef
oxwhenhe
cl
i
cksonSALESl
i
nkbut
t
oni
tgoest
oabl
ankpaget
hi
si
sabugt
heTEpr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
tand
sendst
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam.

.
.
.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.
SALES

.
.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.

SALES

Opent
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
nI
nt
er
netExpl
or
er
Thedevel
opmentl
eadl
ooksatt
hedef
ectr
epor
tandopenst
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
nI
nt
er
netExpl
or
erwhenhe
cl
i
cksonSal
esl
i
nkbut
t
on,Sal
espageopensandt
heappl
i
cat
i
onwor
ksper
f
ect
l
y.
Then,whatwast
hepr
obl
em?t
heansweri
s,t
heTEdi
dn
tspeci
f
yi
nt
hedef
ectr
epor
ti
nwhi
chbr
owser
t
oopent
heappl
i
cat
i
onso,t
heappl
i
cat
i
ondi
dn
twor
kf
ort
heTEi
nMoz
i
l
l
aFi
r
eFoxbut
,whent
he
devel
operopenedi
ti
nI
nt
er
netExpl
or
er
,t
heappl
i
cat
i
onwor
kedt
ot
al
l
yf
i
ne.
Si
ncet
hedevel
operi
snotabl
et
oseeanydef
ecther
epl
i
esbackbysayi
ng
Iam notabl
et
of
i
ndt
he
def
ect
or
Iam notabl
et
or
epr
oducet
hedef
ect

.
Whyweget
notr
epr
oduci
bl
edef
ect
s?
1.Becauseofpl
at
f
or
m mi
s
mat
ch
2.Becauseofi
mpr
operdef
ectr
epor
t
3.Becauseofdat
ami
smat
ch
4.Becauseofbui
l
dmi
smat
ch
131|Page

5.Becauseofi
nconsi
st
entdef
ect
s
1)Becauseofpl
at
f
or
m mi
smat
ch
BecauseofOSmi
smat
ch
Becauseofbr
owsermi
smat
ch
Becauseof
ver
si
onofbr
owser
mi
smat
ch
Becauseof
set
t
i
ngsofver
si
onmi
smat
ch
2)Becauseofi
mpr
operdef
ectr
epor
t
Exampl
et
oexpl
ai
nt
hi
s-t
akef
i
gur
eandexpl
anat
i
oni
nPg136and137.Her
e,t
heTEmusthavespeci
f
i
ed
t
oopent
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
nMoz
i
l
l
aFi
r
ef
ox
Letusconsi
deranot
herexampl
eshownbel
owt
oexpl
ai
n
i
mpr
operdef
ectr
epor
t

USERDETAI
LS

.
.

1) Open br
owser and ent
er
www.
ci
t
i
bank.
com and cl
i
ck on Go
but
t
on

.
.

2) Ent
er user det
ai
l
s and cl
i
ck on
Submi
tbut
t
on
3)I
tgoest
obl
ankpage

.
DEFECTREPORT

.
.
.
REMEMBERPASSWORD

SUBMI
T

CANCEL

I
nt
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
onTEi
st
est
i
ngt
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
onwhenheent
er
sal
lt
heuserdet
ai
l
sand
sel
ect
scheckboxandcl
i
cksonSubmi
tbut
t
oni
tgoest
obl
ankpagebut
,whent
heTEdoesnotsel
ect
t
hecheckboxandcl
i
cksonSubmi
tbut
t
on,anew useraccounti
scr
eat
ed,i
.
e,i
twor
ksf
i
ne.TheTE
pr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
tandsendsi
tt
odevel
opmentl
ead.
TheDevt
eam l
ooksatt
her
epor
t
(
asshowni
nbox)andt
est
st
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
ti
swor
ki
ngabs
ol
ut
el
yf
i
ne.
Thenwhathappened?Obser
vet
hedef
ectr
epor
ts
entbyt
het
est
i
ngt
eam nowher
eashement
i
onedt
o

sel
ectcheckboxand cl
i
ckon submi
tbut
t
ont
husbecause oft
he i
mpr
operdef
ectr
epor
tt
he
devel
opmentt
eam i
snotabl
et
or
epr
oducet
hedef
ect
.
3)Becauseofdat
ami
smat
ch
Consi
dert
heexampl
eshownbel
ow,
I
NBOX(
102mai
l
s)

BLANKPAGE

132|Page

Logi
nasABCandcl
i
ckonI
nboxi
nhomepageofABC
Theaboveemai
lappl
i
cat
i
onhasbeendevel
opedt
heTEst
ar
t
st
est
i
ngt
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
onaf
t
er
t
est
i
ngandt
est
i
ngt
heaboveappl
i
cat
i
onusi
nguser
nameABCandval
i
dpasswor
dt
her
ear
eal
most101
mai
l
si
nABC
si
nboxnow,agai
nwhent
heTEopenst
heappl
i
cat
i
onandgoest
ot
estt
heappl
i
cat
i
onno
mai
l
sar
ebei
ngdi
spl
ayedwhenhecl
i
cksi
nI
nboxandi
nst
eadheget
sabl
ankpage.Sot
hedef
ecthe
hasf
oundi
st
hatwhent
henumberofmai
l
si
nI
nboxexceeds100mai
l
s,heget
sabl
ankpagesohe
pr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
tasshowni
nt
heboxbel
ow,
1)Open t
he br
owserand ent
ert
he
f
ol
l
owi
ngURLwww.
emai
l
.
com
2)Logi
n usi
ng val
i
d user
name and
passwor
d
3)Cl
i
ckonI
nbox
4)Bl
ankpagei
sdi
spl
ayed

Thedevel
opmentt
eam l
ooksatt
hedef
ectr
epor
thel
ogsi
nt
ot
heappl
i
cat
i
onusi
nguser
nameXYZand
cl
i
cksonI
nboxnobl
ankpagei
sdi
spl
ayedandt
heI
nboxi
swor
ki
ngf
i
ne.
Whathappenedher
e?TheTEshoul
dhavement
i
onedi
nt
hedef
ectr
epor
tas
Logi
nasABCor
Logi
n
t
oanymai
l
boxwhi
chhasmor
et
han100mai
l
s
.Thus
,t
hedevel
operdoesnotf
i
ndanydef
ect
sandt
hushe
ment
i
onsi
tas
notr
epr
oduci
bl
edef
ect

.
4)Becauseofbui
l
dmi
smat
ch

BUG1

BUG2

Devel
operdevel
opsbui
l
d1andgi
vesi
tf
ort
est
i
ngi
nBui
l
d1,t
her
ear
e2def
ect
sbug1andbug2TE
whi
l
et
est
i
ngf
i
ndsbug1andr
epor
t
si
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam devel
opmentt
eam whent
heyf
i
xbug1,bug2
aut
omat
i
cal
l
yget
sf
i
xeddevel
opmentt
eam i
sdevel
opi
ngbui
l
d2andgi
vesi
tt
ot
est
i
ngt
eam f
ort
est
i
ng
133|Page

t
est
i
ngt
eam j
ustwheni
tf
i
ni
shest
est
i
ngbui
l
d1hef
i
ndsBug2andr
epor
t
si
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam t
he
devel
opmentt
eam howeverdonotf
i
ndanydef
ectast
heyar
et
est
i
ngbui
l
d2sot
heyr
epor
tbacksayi
ng

bugi
snotr
epr
oduci
bl
e
.
5)Becauseofi
nconsi
st
entdef
ect
s
Toexpl
ai
nt
hi
s,l
etuscons
i
deranexampl
e:WhenTEi
st
est
i
nganemai
lappl
i
cat
i
onhecomposesmai
li
n
UserAandsendsi
tt
oUserBhet
henl
ogsoutf
r
om userAandl
ogsi
nt
oUserBandchecksB
si
nbox
butnomai
li
st
her
ei
nt
heI
nboxt
hushef
i
ndsadef
ectnow,j
ustt
oconf
i
r
mt
hedef
ectbef
or
esendi
nga
def
ectr
epor
tt
heTEagai
nl
ogsi
nt
oUserAandsendsamai
lt
oUserBhet
henl
ogsoutf
r
om UserA
andl
ogsi
nt
oUserBandchecksB
si
nboxbut
,t
hi
st
i
met
hemai
l
i
st
her
ei
nB
si
nbox!
!
Thus,wedon
tknowwhent
hedef
ectcomesandwhent
hef
eat
ur
ewor
ksf
i
ne.Thi
si
scal
l
edi
nconsi
st
ent
def
ect
.
REQUEST FOR ENHANCEMENT(
RFE)
Testengi
neerf
i
ndsabugandsendsi
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam whendevel
opmentt
eam l
ookatt
her
epor
t
sentbyt
heTETheyknowi
t

sabug,butt
heysayi
t
snotabugbecausei
t
snotpar
toft
her
equi
r
ement
s
.
Letusconsi
dert
heexampl
eshownbel
ow,
CREATEUSER
CREATEUSER

CANCEL

I
nt
heaboveexampl
e,t
heTEi
st
est
i
ngt
heabovef
i
el
ds.Af
t
erheent
er
sal
lt
hedat
ai
nt
ot
her
equi
r
edf
i
el
ds
,
her
eal
i
z
est
hatheneedst
ocl
earal
lt
hedat
abutt
her
ei
snoCLEARbut
t
onandhehast
omanual
l
y
cl
earal
lt
hef
i
el
ds.Her
epor
t
st
hi
sasabugbutt
hedevel
opmentt
eam wi
l
ll
ookatt
hedef
ectr
epor
tand
seet
hatcl
earbut
t
oni
snotment
i
onedi
nt
her
equi
r
ement
ssot
heydon
tr
ej
ectorcl
oset
hebugi
nst
ead
t
heyr
epl
ybackt
oTEsayi
ngt
hati
ti
sRFE.
Devel
oper
sagr
eet
hati
ti
sabugbutwi
l
lsayt
hatt
hecust
omerhavenotspeci
f
i
edt
hesedet
ai
l
sand
hencewi
l
lgi
vei
tanameasRFE.
I
fadef
ecti
sknownasRFE,t
henwecanbi
l
lt
hecus
t
omer
.Ot
her
wi
se,devel
opmentt
eam needst
of
i
xt
he
bug
Devel
opmentt
eam al
wayshave a t
endencyt
o cal
la def
ectasRFE,so a TE needst
o checkt
he
j
ust
i
f
i
cat
i
ongi
venbydevel
opmentt
eam i
fi
ti
sval
i
d,t
henhewi
l
laccepti
tasaRFEbuti
fi
ti
snot
,t
hen
hewi
l
l
r
espondt
ot
hedevel
opmentt
eam wi
t
hpr
operj
ust
i
f
i
cat
i
on.

I
NTERVI
EW QUESTI
ONS&TI
PS
1)Expl
ai
nDef
ectLi
f
eCycl
e(*
*
*
*VERYVERYI
MPORTANTQUESTI
ON*
*
*
*
)
WhenTEi
st
est
i
ngt
hepr
oducthef
i
ndsadef
ecthepr
epar
esadef
ectr
epor
tand
cr
eat
esast
at
usas
OPENandsendsi
tt
odevel
opmentl
eaddevel
opmentl
ead
l
ookst
hr
ought
hedef
ectr
epor
tandi
ft
hedef
ecti
sval
i
dhet
henf
i
ndsoutwho
devel
opedt
hatmodul
ei
nwhi
cht
hedef
ecthasbeenf
oundandassi
gnst
hedef
ectt
o
t
hatdevel
opmentengi
neert
hedevel
opmentl
ead al
so changest
hest
at
usoft
he
def
ectr
epor
tt
o
ASSI
GNEDt
hedevel
opmentengi
neerf
i
xest
hedef
ectandchanges134|Page
t
hest
at
ust
o
FI
XEDt
hebui
l
di
st
hensentt
ot
heTEf
orr
et
est
i
ngt
heTEt
est
st
he
f
i
xandi
ft
hedef
ecthasbeenr
eal
l
yf
i
xedt
henhechangest
hest
at
usoft
hedef
ect
r
epor
tt
o
CLOSEDi
ft
hedef
ecti
sst
i
l
lt
her
e,hechangest
hest
at
ust
o
REOPEN
.
Somet
i
mesi
tsohappenst
hatTEf
i
ndsadef
ectandsendsi
tt
odevel
opmentl
ead
devel
opmentl
eadl
ooksatt
her
epor
tandr
ej
ect
st
her
epor
tandheexpl
ai
nswhyi
thas

DEFECTREPORT
Def
ectI
Di
ti
sanuni
quenumbergi
vent
ot
hedef
ect
TestCaseNamewheneverwef
i
ndadef
ect
,wesendt
hedef
ectr
epor
tandnott
het
estcaset
ot
he
devel
oper
.Fordef
ectt
r
acki
ng,weonl
yt
r
ackt
hedef
ectr
epor
tandnott
het
estcase.Testcasei
sonl
yf
or
r
ef
er
encef
ort
heTE.Weal
waysonl
ysendt
hedef
ectr
epor
twheneverwecat
chabug.
Whenwear
edoi
ngadhoct
est
i
ngnot
estcasei
swr
i
t
t
enf
oradhoct
est
i
ngbecauset
heyar
e
outoft
he
boxt
est
i
ngscenar
i
osi
fwef
i
ndacr
i
t
i
cal
bugt
henweconver
tt
hatadhocscenar
i
oi
nt
oat
estcase
andsendi
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam.

Gi
v
enbel
owi
showadef
ectr
epor
tl
ooksl
i
kei
ti
saMSWORDf
i
l
e.
DEFECTI
D:
RELEASENAME:
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LDI
D:
MODULENAME:
STATUS:

SEVERI
TY:

BugI
D_1578
Ti
ger
B03
SentI
t
ems
Open
Assi
gned
Fi
xed

Cl
osed

Dupl
i
cat
e
et
cet
c

Bl
ockerORShowst
opper
Cr
i
t
i
cal
Maj
or
Mi
nor
PRI
ORI
TY:
Hi
gh
P1
Medi
um
P2
Low
P3
P4
TESTDATA:
user
name=abc123,passwor
d=xyz
123
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RONMENT:I
nWi
ndowsXP,I
nt
er
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er7.
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ll
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st
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ON:Sentmai
l
sar
enott
her
ei
nt
heSentI
t
emspage
DETAI
LEDDESCRI
PTI
ON:Fol
l
owi
ngar
et
hest
epst
or
epr
oducet
hedef
ect
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owserandent
ert
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estURL
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nwi
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tbut
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i
ckonSentI
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emsl
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nk
EXPECTEDRESULT: Sentmai
lshoul
dbel
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st
edi
nSentI
t
emspage

135|Page

I
NTERVI
EW TI
PS

Q)Whatar
et
heat
t
r
i
but
esofadef
ectr
epor
t?(
OR)Whati
st
hemodeofcommuni
cat
i
nga
def
ect?
Ans)t
heanswerf
ort
heabovequest
i
onsar
ej
ustexpl
ai
nt
hedef
ectr
epor
t
.
Def
ectEval
uat
i
onTeam /BugCounsel
i
ngTeam

136|Page

Letusconsi
dert
heabovef
i
gur
et
oexpl
ai
naboutBugr
evi
ewmeet
i
ng/BugCounsel
i
ng
The Def
ectEval
uat
i
on Team (
DET)consi
st
s ofDevel
opmentLead,Devel
opmentManager
,Seni
or
Devel
opmentEngi
neer
sandTestLead.
Theywi
l
lhaveagr
oupmai
li
dsayxyz
_det
@abc.
com Now,wheneverTEf
i
ndsabug,hesendsi
tt
o
DETI
nDET,onl
yt
heDevel
opmentLead(
DL)l
ooksi
nt
ot
hebugr
epor
tandassi
gnst
hebugal
t
hough
t
hemai
lgoest
oever
ybodyi
nt
heDET,onl
yDLwi
l
lchecki
tandassi
gnt
hebug.Thi
spr
ocesscont
i
nues
f
r
om Mondaymor
ni
ngupt
oFr
i
dayaf
t
er
noonbyt
hi
st
i
meabout100bugshavebeenr
epor
t
edbyTE(
s
)
outoft
hese100bugs,60havebeenassi
gnedandt
her
emai
ni
ng40ar
ependi
ng.
Now,onFr
i
dayeveni
ngDETt
eam wi
l
lhaveameet
i
ngwher
et
heydi
scussaboutt
hependi
ngbugsand
whet
hert
oassi
gnt
hebugsorr
ej
ectt
hebugsbutf
orever
yt
hi
ng,t
heywi
l
l
havet
ogi
vepr
operj
ust
i
f
i
cat
i
on.
s
t
Thi
smeet
i
ngi
scal
l
edBugRevi
ew Meet
i
ng/BugCounsel
i
ng.Byt
heendoft
hemeet
i
ng(
i
.
e,1 cycl
e)
t
hest
at
usofal
lt
hependi
ngbugswi
l
lchangedf
r
om pendi
ngt
oot
herst
at
us(
es)
.
Manual

Aut
omat
i
on

DEFECTS
DEFECTTRACKI
NG

Manual

Aut
omat
i
on

Howt
ot
r
ackadef
ectmanual
l
y?
1)Fi
ndadef
ect
2)Ensur
et
hati
ti
snotdupl
i
cat
e(
i
.
e,ver
i
f
yi
ti
nDef
ectReposi
t
or
y)
3)Pr
epar
edef
ectr
epor
t
4)St
or
ei
ti
ndef
ectr
eposi
t
or
y
5)Sendi
tt
odevel
opmentt
eam
6)Managedef
ectl
i
f
ecycl
e(
i
.
e,keepupdat
i
ngt
hest
at
us)
Tr
acki
ngofdef
ect
susi
ngAut
omat
i
on(
i
.
e,Def
ectTr
acki
ngTool
)
Thevar
i
oust
ool
savai
l
abl
ear
e,
Bugz
i
l
l
a
137|Page

Mant
i
s
Rat
i
onalCl
earQuest
Tel
eLogi
c
Bug_t
r
ack
QCQual
i
t
yCent
eri
ti
sat
estmanagementt
oolapar
tofi
ti
susedt
ot
r
ackt
hedef
ect
s.

Ther
ear
e2cat
egor
i
esoft
ool
s,
1)Ser
vi
cebasedI
nser
vi
cebasedcompani
est
heyhavemanypr
oj
ect
sofdi
f
f
er
entcl
i
ent
seach
pr
oj
ectwi
l
lhaveadi
f
f
er
entdef
ectt
r
acki
ngt
ool
2)Pr
oductbasedi
npr
oductbasedcompani
est
heyuseonl
yonedef
ectt
r
acki
ngt
ool
.
Now,l
etusseehowt
hedef
ectt
r
acki
ngt
oolwor
ks,

ht
t
p:/
/www.
hp.
com
USERNAME
PASSWORD

LOGI
N

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Fi
gur
e1

Wel
comet
oYahooMai
l
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Logadef
ect/Newdef
ect
Def
ectI
D

SEARCH

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ch
Fi
gur
e2

Assumet
hatyouar
ewor
ki
ngasaTEi
nHPandt
hatyouar
ewor
ki
ngonYahooMai
l
pr
oj
ect
.
Weent
erht
t
p:/
/www.
hp.
com ast
heURLi
nt
hebr
owserandgi
veval
i
duser
nameandpass
wor
dand
cl
i
ckonl
ogi
nbut
t
on.
Theuser
nameofyour

scanbeobt
ai
nedbyt
hef
ol
l
owi
ngt
woways,
Useempl
oyeei
dasuser
nameal
ongwi
t
ht
hest
andar
dpasswor
dt
oaccesst
hesyst
em
Orsendar
equestt
ot
headmi
noft
ool
andaskf
oruser
nameandpasswor
d.
138|Page

Whenwel
ogi
n,wegot
ot
hepageshowni
nf
i
gur
e2.Wet
hencl
i
ckonl
ogadef
ect
.Whenwecl
i
ckont
hi
s
l
i
nk,wegett
hef
ol
l
owi
ngpageshownbel
ow,

RELEASE NAME

TI
GER
CHEETAH
DOLPHI
N

BUI
LD I
D

B01
B02
B03

MODULE NAME

I
NBOX
SENT I
TEMS
DRAFTS
.Et
c

STATUS

OPEN
ASSI
GNED
FI
XED

et
cet
c

TO
SEVERI
TY

PRI
ORI
TY

BLOCKER
CRI
TI
CAL
MAJOR
MI
NOR
HI
GH
MEDI
UM P2
LOW

P1
P3
P4

TEST DATA
TEST CASE NAME
TESTENVI
RONMENT
BRI
EFDESCRI
PTI
ON

DETAI
LED DESCRI
PTI
ON

139|Page

Whenwecl
i
ckonl
ogadef
ectl
i
nk,wegett
hef
ol
l
owi
ngpageasshownabove.
Weent
eral
lt
hedet
ai
l
sandt
henwhenwecl
i
ckonsubmi
tbut
t
on,t
hef
ol
l
owi
nghappens,
I
tgener
at
esabugI
Daut
omat
i
cal
l
y
,exbugI
D_1578
I
tst
or
est
hedat
ai
nt
hedat
abase
I
taut
omat
i
cal
l
ysendst
hemai
lt
ot
heDevel
opmentLeadandal
sot
hecopyoft
hemai
lgoest
ot
he
TEhi
msel
f
.
Devel
opmentLeadopenst
hemai
lhel
ogsi
nt
ot
het
oolusi
nghi
suser
nameandpasswor
dt
henheget
s
t
hewel
comepagehet
henent
er
st
heBugI
Di
nt
ot
hedef
ecti
dt
extboxandcl
i
cksonsear
chbut
t
on
Whenhecl
i
cksonsear
chbut
t
onheget
st
hepar
t
i
cul
arbugr
epor
t
.Hel
ooksatt
her
epor
tandaf
t
er
checki
ngi
t

sav
al
i
dbug,het
henchangest
hest
at
usi
nt
her
epor
tt
o
assi
gnedandwhenhedoest
hat
heget
saTO t
extf
i
el
dasshowni
nt
hef
i
gur
eabovet
her
eheent
er
st
heemai
li
doft
heconcer
ned
devel
operwhohast
of
i
xt
hatbugandt
henwhenhecl
i
cksonsubmi
tbut
t
onwhat
everchangeshehas
madei
sst
or
edi
nt
hedat
abaseandt
hemai
lgoest
ot
heconcer
nedTE,Devel
operandDLhi
msel
f
.
Whent
hepar
t
i
cul
ardevel
operget
st
het
heBugI
D,t
henhesear
chesf
ort
hebugusi
ngt
hebugI
Dandaf
t
er
seei
ngwhat

st
hebughegoest
ohi
smodul
eandf
i
est
hebug.
Whendevel
operf
i
xest
hebughegoesandchangest
hest
at
ust
of
i
xedandagai
nhesubmi
t
si
t
.Thi
si
s
al
sosavedi
ndat
abase.Thenmai
lgoest
oTE,DLandt
ot
hedevel
operhi
msel
f
.
TEnowopenst
hes
amebugI
Dandcheckst
hest
at
uswhet
heri
ti
sf
i
xedornoti
fi
ti
schangedt
of
i
xed
t
henher
et
est
st
hebugandi
fi
ti
sr
eal
l
yf
i
xed,t
henhegoest
ost
at
usandchangesi
tt
ocl
osedi
ft
hebug
i
snotf
i
xed,t
henhechangest
hest
at
ust
or
eopen.
Thi
scompr
i
sest
heent
i
r
edef
ectl
i
f
ecycl
e.
AssoonasTEsubmi
t
st
hebugr
epor
t
,t
henheoranybodycannotchanget
wof
i
el
dsi
nt
heent
i
r
er
epor
t
t
heyar
e
br
i
efdescr
i
pt
i
onand
det
ai
l
eddescr
i
pt
i
on
.
I
fanychangesar
et
obemadei
nt
hesef
i
el
dst
hent
heymustbement
i
onedi
nt
hecomment
sf
i
el
d.
I
fanew def
ecti
sf
oundwi
t
hi
naol
ddef
ectwi
t
hi
nashor
tper
i
od(
say10days)
,t
heni
nst
eadofopeni
nga
newdef
ecthecanopent
heol
ddef
ectandl
ogi
nt
henewdef
ecti
nt
hecomment
spage.

Howt
ocheckf
ordupl
i
cat
ebugs?

Whendevel
operchangest
hest
at
ust
odupl
i
cat
e,t
hent
heTEshoul
dcheckwhet
hert
hepr
evi
ousbug&
t
hesentbugi
ssameornot
.
Tocheckwhet
heri
t
sdupl
i
cat
eornot
,cl
i
ckonadvancesear
ch&geti
tconf
i
r
medi
ft
hebugi
sdupl
i
cat
eor
not
.I
fi
t

snotdupl
i
cat
e,t
henTEshoul
dgi
vepr
operj
ust
i
f
i
cat
i
on.
Cl
i
ckonAdvancedSear
ch(
seef
i
gur
enextpage)
Toavoi
ddupl
i
cat
ebugs,got
oAdvancedSear
ch.
140|Page

Wheneverwecat
chabugBef
or
el
oggi
ngt
hebugt
odevel
operf
orf
i
xi
ngf
i
r
stgo&checkwhet
heri
ti
s
l
oggedbef
or
eornot
.Todoso,cl
i
ckonAdvancedSear
ch&ent
ert
hedat
ai
nt
het
extf
i
el
d&cl
i
ckon
Sear
ch.Youwi
l
lgett
hebugI
D(
S)
.i
fyouent
er
passwor
d&sear
ch,t
heni
twi
l
lgi
veyoudi
f
f
er
entbugI
D
havi
ngpasswor
dt
ext
.Wemustgo&checki
t&l
ogi
tf
orf
i
xi
ngi
fi
t
snotl
oggedbef
or
e.
Def
ectf
oundbyTest
i
ngt
eam shoul
dneverbecl
osedj
ustl
i
ket
hatbyt
heDevel
opmentt
eam.TEl
ookst
he
pr
oductf
r
om cust
omerpoi
ntofvi
ew soi
fadevel
opersaysi
t

sami
norbug,t
est
i
ngt
eam al
ways
consi
der
si
tasmaj
orbug.

SEARCHBY
Rel
easeName
Modul
eName
St
at
us
Pr
i
or
i
t
y
Sever
i
t
y
FoundBy
Text

SEARCH

CANCEL
RESULTSHEET

Rel
easeName
Pr
i
or
i
t
y
TI
GER

BugI
D

STATUS

Sever
i
t
y

BugI
D1578 OPEN

TI
GER

BugI
D1890 CLOSED

TI
GER

BugI
D1235 ASSI
GNED

SEVERI
TYofaBug
Sever
i
t
yi
si
mpactoft
hebugoncust
omer

sbusi
ness
.
Cr
i
t
i
calA maj
ori
ssue wher
eal
ar
ge pi
ece off
unct
i
onal
i
t
yormaj
orsyst
em componenti
s
141|Page

compl
et
el
ybr
oken.Ther
ei
snowor
kar
ound&t
est
i
ngcannotcont
i
nue.
Maj
orA maj
ori
ssuewher
eal
ar
gepi
eceoff
unct
i
onal
i
t
yormaj
orsyst
em componenti
snot
wor
ki
ngpr
oper
l
y.Ther
ei
sawor
kar
ound,however&t
est
i
ngcancont
i
nue.
Mi
norAmi
nori
ss
uet
hati
mposessomel
ossoff
unct
i
onal
i
t
y,butf
orwhi
cht
her
ei
sanaccept
abl
e
&easi
l
yr
epr
oduci
bl
ewor
kar
ound.Test
i
ngcanpr
oceedwi
t
houti
nt
er
r
upt
i
on.

Bl
ockerDef
ect
Ther
ear
e2t
y
pesi
nbl
ockerdef
ect
,
Maj
orf
l
owi
snotwor
ki
ngLogi
norsi
gnupi
t
sel
fi
snotwor
ki
ngi
nCi
t
i
Bankappl
i
cat
i
on
Maj
orf
eat
ur
ei
snotwor
ki
ngLogi
nt
oCi
t
i
Bank.AmountTr
ansf
eri
snotwor
ki
ng
PRI
ORI
TYofaBug
I
ti
st
hei
mpor
t
ancet
of
i
xt
hebug(
OR)howsoont
hedef
ectshoul
dbef
i
xed(
OR)whi
char
et
hedef
ect
st
o
bef
i
xedf
i
r
st
.
Hi
ghThi
shasamaj
ori
mpactont
hecust
omer
.Thi
smustbef
i
xedi
mmedi
at
el
y
.
Medi
um Thi
shasamaj
ori
mpactont
hecust
omer
.Thepr
obl
em shoul
dbef
i
xedbef
or
er
el
easeof
t
hecur
r
entver
si
oni
ndevel
opment
LowThi
shasami
nori
mpactont
hecust
omer
.Thef
l
ows
houl
dbef
i
xedi
ft
her
ei
st
i
me,buti
tcan
bedef
er
r
edwi
t
ht
henextr
el
ease.
Devel
opmentt
eam wi
l
lf
i
xt
hehi
ghpr
i
or
i
t
ydef
ect
sf
i
r
str
at
hert
hanofhi
ghsever
i
t
y.
Gener
al
l
y,sever
i
t
yi
s as
si
gned by Test
er/TestLead & pr
i
or
i
t
yi
s assi
gned by Devel
oper
/
Team
Lead/
Pr
oj
ectLead.

142|Page

EXTRA(
s)I
nf
or
mat
i
on
Whydoesasof
t
war
ehavebugs?
Mi
scommuni
cat
i
onOR Nocommuni
cat
i
on> ast
ospeci
f
i
cofwhatanappl
i
cat
i
onshoul
d or
shoul
dn
tdo(
t
heappl
i
cat
i
on
sr
equi
r
ement
s
)
Sof
t
war
ecompl
exi
t
y
Pr
ogr
ammi
nger
r
or
s
Changi
ngr
equi
r
ement
s
Ti
mepr
essur
e
Whendowest
opt
het
est
i
ng?
Whent
het
i
mespani
sl
ess,t
henwet
estt
hei
mpor
t
antf
eat
ur
es&west
opi
t
Budget
Whent
hef
unct
i
onal
i
t
yoft
heappl
i
cat
i
oni
sst
abl
e
Whent
hebasi
cf
eat
ur
ei
t
sel
fi
snotwor
ki
ngcor
r
ect
l
y
I
nt
hel
ast2daysofr
el
eas
e,t
hecodewi
l
lbef
r
eez
ed.Whent
hecodei
sf
r
eez
ed,t
hedef
ectf
oundwi
l
lbe
f
i
xedi
nl
at
erst
ages.
Whydowedot
est
i
ng?
Toensur
et
hequal
i
t
y
Tover
i
f
yal
lt
her
equi
r
ement
sar
ei
mpl
ement
edcor
r
ect
l
y
Wegett
hebui
l
datever
y15dayswhent
her
el
easedat
ei
snear
,t
henwegett
hebui
l
df
orever
y2or3
days.
I
dent
i
f
yi
ngt
hescenar
i
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ysyst
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os
Def
ectt
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acki
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hedef
ectwhi
chi
sr
epor
t
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ackwhet
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sf
i
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hedevel
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.
I
nTestpl
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est
i
ngmet
hodol
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esi
nst
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unct
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est
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ort
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a
Thevar
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ement
sspeci
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i
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CRS/SRS/FS/Busi
nessSpeci
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Desi
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Usecases
Appl
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Thedef
ectr
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ed
143|Page

Ver
i
f
i
cat
i
onAm Ibui
l
di
ngt
hepr
oductr
i
ght
?
Val
i
dat
i
onAm Ibui
l
di
ngt
her
i
ghtpr
oduct
?
Bugsf
oundi
nPr
ot
ot
ypet
est
i
ng
Mi
ssi
ngRequi
r
ement
scompanyl
ogoi
smi
ssi
ngi
nr
epor
t
s
I
nst
eadofusi
ngl
i
stpr
oper
t
y
,weuseddr
opdownbut
t
onorcheckbox
Li
nksar
enotpl
acedatr
i
ghtposi
t
i
on
Ther
emaybesomeor
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i
l
esi
.
ewhenwecl
i
ckonpar
t
i
cul
arl
i
nk,nopagei
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Whenwecl
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i
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nst
eadofsal
espage,r
epor
tpagei
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ng

USABI
LI
TYTest
i
ng

Test
i
ngt
heuserf
r
i
endl
i
nessofanappl
i
cat
i
oni
scal
l
edUsabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Letusst
ar
twi
t
hanexampl
esucht
hatwehavet
woappl
i
cat
i
onsA&Bwhi
char
edi
f
f
er
entbutdoi
ngt
he
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ob.I
nt
hi
s,weseewhi
chonei
suserf
r
i
endl
y
Gi
v
enbel
owar
esomeoft
hepar
amet
er
swel
ooki
nt
of
ort
est
i
ng.I
nt
hi
smostoft
hem ar
enotmeasur
abl
e,
Speed
Hel
p
Navi
gat
i
onshoul
dbesi
mpl
e
Compat
i
bi
l
i
t
y
Look&f
eel
Feat
ur
es
Locat
i
onofcomponent
s
Onei
mpor
t
antpar
amet
erot
hert
hant
heabovesai
dpar
amet
er
si
s
Ef
f
or
tneededt
ol
ear
nt
heappl
i
cat
i
on
.
Someoft
hem def
i
neusabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ngl
i
keabovewr
i
t
t
eni
ngr
een
Supposei
nt
heexampl
e,weunder
st
andt
hesof
t
war
eAi
n2hr
s,butwet
ake4hr
st
ounder
st
andB.Letus
seedi
f
f
er
entcasesher
e,
si
nceweunder
st
andAi
n2hr
s
,i
tbecomesus
erf
r
i
endl
ycompar
edt
oB
supposel
ook&f
eeli
snotgoodf
orA.I
nt
hi
scaset
hough,weunder
st
andAi
n2hr
s,wecannotsay
t
hatAi
suserf
r
i
endl
y.
Ther
ef
or
e,wel
ooki
nt
omanypar
amet
er
sbef
or
ewesayuserf
r
i
endl
i
nessofasof
t
war
e
Whati
sLOOK&FEEL
Theappl
i
cat
i
onshoul
dbesucht
hati
tshoul
dbepl
easantl
ooki
ng[supposei
fwehaver
edcol
ort
exti
n
yel
l
owbackgr
ound,def
i
ni
t
el
ywedon
tf
eell
i
keusi
ngi
t]andmakeaf
eelt
ot
heendusert
ousei
t
.
Letusnowseesomeoft
heexampl
esofUsabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
1)Consi
dersomeoft
heexampl
esbel
ow,
I
nt
hi
sexampl
e,weseet
heI
nboxt
hemostf
r
equent
l
yusedf
eat
ur
ei
snotkepti
nt
her
i
ghtpl
ace.
Enduser
st
her
ef
or
esear
chf
ort
heI
nbox&af
t
ersomet
i
me,t
heyf
i
ndt
heI
nboxl
yi
ngsomewher
edown.
Thi
st
ypeofappl
i
cat
i
onmayl
oset
hecust
omer
sbecauset
heyar
el
es
suserf
r
i
endl
y
.

TOPNavi
gat
i
onBar
144|Page

.
..
.....
..

LEFT
Navi
gat
i
on
Bar

.
.

.
.

.
.

.
.

RI
GHT
Navi
gat
i
on
Bar

Sear
chf
orI
NBOXaf
t
ersomet
i
mewef
i
ndi
ther
e

Howt
oover
comet
hi
s,

Seet
oi
tt
hatt
hei
mpor
t
antf
eat
ur
esar
epl
acedi
nt
hel
ef
tnavi
gat
i
onbarandt
opnavi
gat
i
onbar(
Thi
si
s
nor
mal
l
yf
ol
l
owed)
Thenweshoul
dseewhet
herf
r
equent
l
yusedf
eat
ur
esar
eeasi
l
yaccessi
bl
e(
l
i
keI
nbox,ComposeMai
l
et
c)
Whi
l
et
est
i
ng,wet
her
ef
or
ehavet
ol
i
stal
lt
hei
mpor
t
antf
eat
ur
esbef
or
ewest
ar
tt
est
i
nganappl
i
cat
i
on
2)Consi
dert
hesket
chshownbel
ow,
TOOLS
DRAW

LI
NE

Theendusert
odr
awt
heabovesket
chever
yt
i
me,hecl
i
cksTool
s>Dr
aw>Li
nef
oreachl
i
neand
f
i
nal
l
yhecl
i
cksTool
s>Dr
aw>Li
net
ocompl
et
et
hesket
ch.
I
nt
hi
s,weseet
heenduserwant
st
t
odr
awasi
mpl
esket
ch,buthewast
eshi
st
i
mei
ncl
i
cki
ngeacht
i
me
t
heTool
s>Dr
aw>Li
nef
ort
hesket
ch.Thi
sbecomesawast
eoft
i
mef
ort
heenduser
.
Ther
ef
or
e,whi
l
et
est
i
ng,wemustmakeuserf
r
i
endl
yoft
heappl
i
cat
i
onbycr
eat
i
ngToolbarwhi
chmakes
t
hej
obsi
mpl
ebycl
i
cki
ngont
henecessar
yt
ool
si
nst
eadofgoi
ng&cl
i
cki
ngeacht
i
meTool>Dr
aw>
Li
ne
3)Supposewehaveashoppi
ngwebsi
t
ewhi
chhas10pagesofpr
oductl
i
keshownbel
ow,
HOME

SALES

PRODUCT

HELP
.
.

Thequest
i
onher
ei
saf
t
ergoi
ngt
ot
he10thpagehowdowecomebackt
ot
he5thpage?Dowecl
i
ck
backaf
t
erbackback>NO>t
henhowdowedoObser
ve,
Tomakeuserf
r
i
endl
yappl
i
cat
i
on,weal
wayshaveBr
eadCr
umbs
145|Page

Whatar
eBr
eadCr
umbs?
I
neachpage,wewi
l
lhaveal
i
nkt
ogot
oi
t
sr
espect
i
vepage.Supposewehaveseenal
l
t
he7pages&we
ar
ei
n8thpaget
hat8thpagewi
l
lhavet
hel
i
nkofal
lt
he7pagessowhat
everpage(
Suppose5thpage)
youl
i
ket
ovi
si
t
,youcl
i
ckont
hel
i
nki
nt
he8thpage&got
ot
he5thpage.
HOME

Home

SALES

PRODUCT
Home>Sal
es

Br
eadCr
umbs
Home>Sal
es>Pr
oduct

HELP

I
fadevel
operdevel
opsapopup wi
ndow,al
waysheshoul
dkeept
heYesbut
t
oni
nt
hebegi
nni
ng.I
fhe
swapst
hi
s,t
hent
her
eshoul
dbesomeval
i
dr
easonbehi
ndi
t
.
Gener
al
l
y,pr
of
essi
onalTestEngi
neer
(
s
)shoul
dnotdousabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ngt
her
easoni
st
heyknow wher
e
exact
l
yt
hef
eat
ur
el
i
es&how i
twor
kst
her
ef
or
e,f
oraTE,ever
yt
hi
ngbecomesuserf
r
i
endl
yi
nt
hat
appl
i
cat
i
on.
Ther
ef
or
e,onl
yendusershoul
ddousabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng.
Forex,
Theempl
oyee/CEO goes&col
l
ect
st
hes/
w(
l
etust
akeagamesof
t
war
e)&di
st
r
i
but
est
ovar
i
ousend
user
sl
i
keki
ds,f
r
i
endset
c.Now t
heseenduser
(
s)uset
hegamessof
t
war
e&gi
vest
hef
eedbackt
ot
he
CEO/empl
oyee.
Now t
hi
sempl
oyee/CEO l
ooksi
nt
ot
hef
eedback& seest
hemaj
orf
eedback& consol
i
dat
esal
lt
he
f
eedbackr
epor
tcol
l
ect
edf
r
om t
hepeopl
e.
Exi
faf
eat
ur
ef
oral
l50peopl
ehasbeenr
epor
t
ed,t
hent
hati
ti
sconsi
der
ed.I
faf
eat
ur
ehasbeen
r
epor
t
edonl
yby1or2peopl
e,t
heni
tbecomesmi
nor
.
Af
t
erconsol
i
dat
i
ng,hegoesf
orf
i
xi
ngt
hebugs
.
Onet
hi
ngwehavet
okeepi
nmi
ndi
st
hatal
lt
heappl
i
cat
i
onscannotbegi
vent
oenduser
s&t
husi
t
dependsont
heappl
i
cat
i
on.

Forex,
I
ncaseofabanki
ngappl
i
cat
i
oni
fwedevel
opanappl
i
cat
i
onf
ormanager(
cal
lmanagerasenduser
)
.
Forot
her
scal
lt
hi
sr
espect
i
veper
sonasenduser
s
.
I
nt
heexampl
eaboveenduser
s(
MANAGER)st
ar
t
susi
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
on2TE(
s)si
t
satt
hebackofhi
m
&t
akesr
epor
toft
hedef
ectwhet
hert
heendusergoesi
nar
i
ghtwayast
heydevel
opasi
nawr
ongway
i
nt
ot
heappl
i
cat
i
on.
146|Page

Nowt
hemanagercheckseachl
i
nkbef
or
ehecl
i
cksoni
tbecauseheknowst
heTEi
swat
chi
nghi
m.
Sot
hedr
awbackher
ei
sTEcamet
oknowt
heyar
enotget
t
i
ngcor
r
ectf
eedback.
Thenhowt
oover
comet
hi
s?dowef
i
xcamer
a&t
akef
eedback?>i
nt
hi
s,t
heenduserbecomesmor
e
ser
i
ous&t
husi
tbecomesadr
awback.
80% oft
i
me,weendupdoi
ngusabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ngf
ort
her
easonsabovement
i
oned.
Somet
i
mesTEhast
odousabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ngf
ort
hef
ol
l
owi
ngr
easons,
Donotwantt
oout
sour
cet
oot
hercompany
Nomoneyt
ospendonUsabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng
Butt
her
ear
escenar
i
oswedoUsabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ngwher
eweswapt
hef
eat
ur
esamongTEanddousabi
l
i
t
y
t
est
i
ng.
Howt
oconductUsabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng?(
OR)Whatpr
ocessshoul
dwef
ol
l
owt
odoUsabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng?
Pr
epar
eORder
i
vecheckl
i
st(
i
.
e,whatar
et
hepoi
nt
st
obechecked)
.I
fwedon
tpr
epar
eacheckl
i
st
,we
maymi
sssomef
eat
ur
esi
nt
heappl
i
cat
i
on.
ForUsabi
l
i
t
yt
est
i
ng,weshoul
dpr
epar
eagenui
necheckl
i
stspeci
f
i
ct
ot
hepr
oductwedevel
op.
Exampl
eofacheckl
i
stf
oranappl
i
cat
i
on,
Fort
hi
sappl
i
cat
i
on,oneoft
hecheckl
i
st
si
ncl
udescol
orofal
r
eadycheckedl
i
nkshoul
dbechanged
t
or
ed
Al
lt
hei
magesshoul
dhaveal
tt
ag(
Tool
t
i
p)
Al
lt
hepagesshoul
dhavel
i
nkt
oHomepage
Logi
nf
eat
ur
eshoul
dhaveFor
gotPasswor
dl
i
nk
Li
ket
heabovecheckl
i
st
,wecander
i
veasmanycheckl
i
st
saspossi
bl
ebasedont
heappl
i
cat
i
on(
or
)
pr
oduct
.
Whi
l
eder
i
vi
ngcheckl
i
st
,weshoul
dder
i
veacommoncheckl
i
stwhi
chcanbeexecut
edf
oral
l
pages.
Ther
ei
sanot
hercaeswher
et
hecust
omergi
vest
hecheckl
i
stf
ort
heappl
i
cat
i
on.
ACCESSI
BI
LI
TYTest
i
ng/ADA(
Amer
i
canDi
sabi
l
i
t
yAct
)/508Compl
i
ancet
est
i
ng
Test
i
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
onf
r
om t
hephysi
cal
l
ychal
l
engedper
sonpoi
ntofvi
ew.
Forex,Supposei
fabl
i
ndper
soni
saccessi
ngt
heI
nt
er
nett
heappl
i
cat
i
onshoul
dbei
nsuchawayt
hat
event
hephysi
cal
l
ychal
l
engedper
sonshoul
dbeabl
et
oaccessi
twi
t
houtanypr
obl
ems.
Whenabl
i
ndper
soncl
i
cksonanyt
hi
ngt
her
esponseconnect
edi
nt
ovoi
ce&t
heper
sonher
as&usesi
t
Responsesentshoul
dbeeasi
l
yr
eadbyt
hebr
owser&comment
edi
nvoi
ce.
I
nt
heaboveexampl
e,what
evert
her
espondi
ssentt
ot
hebr
owsershoul
dbeeasi
l
yr
eadt
heappl
i
cat
i
on
shoul
dbedesi
gnedl
i
ket
hatt
her
espondsentshoul
dbei
mmedi
at
el
yconnect
edi
nt
ovoi
ce.Thus,t
he
bl
i
ndper
soncanusei
twi
t
houtf
aci
nganypr
obl
em
Red&Gr
eencol
orshoul
dnotbeused
The508t
est
i
nghasgotsomer
ul
est
hatshoul
dbef
ol
l
owedwhi
l
edevel
opi
ngt
heappl
i
cat
i
on.Someoft
he
r
ul
esar
e,
Al
lcomment
sshoul
dhaveAl
tt
ags
Red&Gr
eencol
orobj
ect
sshoul
dnotbedi
spl
ayed
Shoul
dbeabl
et
oaccessal
lcomponent
sj
ustbyusi
ngkeyboar
d.
147|Page

Li
ket
hi
s,t
her
ear
emanyr
ul
es.

148|Page