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Consolidation PDF
Consolidation PDF
Uz =
Lecture No. 14
November 05, 2002
November 07, 2002
e0 e
e0 e1
0
Uz =
1 0
where is the effective
stress in the soil at an
instant of time t and is
given by:
= 0 + = 0 + - ue
(kPa)
e0
1 = 0 + = 0 +
e0
e
e1
ut
ui
[Q
= at the end of consolidation]
e
e1
Uz =
ue
ui
0 + ue 0 ue
u
=
= 1 e
0 + 0
ui
8.
At t = 0
At t = 1000 years
ue
2ue
= cv
t
z2
ue =
2ui
Mz M Tv
sin
e
d
m=0 M
m=
M = 2 (2m + 1)
Tv = c v t d2
11
H = 2d
H=d
12
u dz
e
Uavg = 1
0
H
u dz
ue
ui
Tv = 0.05
Permeable
d
H
d
Permeable
d = H/2
Uz
Tv = 0
(z/d)
2
Uavg
4
> 0.60, Tv = 0.933log(1 Uavg ) 0.085
16
17
18
Uavg
s
= t
sult
20
22
Uavg
Referring to the
approximate relationship
0
between Uavg and Tv given
on page 16, the
theoretical distribution of
Uavg with Tv should be
linear up to Uavg = 60%.
Let us arbitrarily choose a 60%
point C on this theoretical
C
90%
curve, as shown in the
figure on the right and
A
B
(Tv)A
assume that this point
Tv
corresponds to Uavg =
1.15(
1.15(Tv)A
90%.
23
2
Uavg for Uavg 0.60
4
or
Uavg = 1.13 Tv
24
1.13 Tv
0.98 Tv
60%
= 1.15
90%
(Tv)A
1.15(
1.15(Tv)A
Tv
ai
Dial gauge reading (mm)
a0
Initial Compression
Primary
Consolidation
a90
a100
Secondary
Compression
t90
25
26
Determination of cv An Example
ai
A straight line OE is then
Initial Compression
a0
0
drawn that has abscissae
1.15 times the
corresponding abscissae
on the linear part of the
Primary
curve.
Consolidation
This line intersects the
curve at point E that
E
denotes Uavg = 90%.
a90
a100
The value of time at this
Secondary
point is t90.
Compression
The coefficient of
t
t90
consolidation can now be
calculated as:
(T ) d2 0.848d2
c v = v 90 =
t 90
t 90
27
Time
(min)
0.25
2.25
16
25
36
24
hours
H
(mm)
0.12
0.23
0.33
0.43
0.59
0.68
0.74
0.76
0.89