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(Redundant communication system)
(Availability)
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP) Ethernet-E1 Converter
Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH) (Virtual Gateway) (Remote Terminal
Unit: IP RTU ) Internet Protocol (IP) IP RTU IP RTU MultiProtocol Label Switching Virtual Private Network (MPLS VPN) . IP RTU
IP RTU
Operation Application
Phase Monitoring Unit (PMU) Meter
(Communication Port) CPU Central Processing
Unit (CPU) RTU IP RTU . (Alarm)
Volt Amp .
SCADA
1.2 IP RTU
IP RTU .
IP/MPLS (Internet Protocol / Multiprotocol Label Switching) MPLS VPN
. IP/MPLS MPLS
VPN
IP RTU, AMR, DFR/FRS/PMU, CCTV, VoIP, Video Conference, Intranet Internet
IP RTU IP/MPLS .
IEC60870-5-104 2 Controlling station Controlled station 1
1.2.2
STARTDT_ACTIVE
STARTDT_CONFIRM
INTERROGATION_ACTIVE
INTERROGATION_CONFIRM
1024 Digital Input
128 Analog Input
6 INTERROGATION_TERMINATE
Direction
Master to Slave
Slave to Master
Master to Slave
Slave to Master
Slave to Master
Slave to Master
ASDU (Byte)
(Data x Qty.)
6 x 1 =
6
6 x 1 =
6
14 x 1 =
14
14 x 1 =
14
2
140 x 8 = 1,120
2473 x 2 = 494
14 x 1 =
14
ASDU
+ Header (Byte)1
60
60
70
70
1,514 + 167 = 1,681
Required Bandwidth
, Assume 1sec (kbps)
0.48
0.48
0.56
0.56
13.45
70
0.56
2. Operation applications
IP RTU (LAN) default gateway
IP RTU default gateway IP Address default gateway
static default gateway
IP RTU default gateway
2
2 default gateway
3 Virtual IP Address
Operation applications
(Redundant Path) (Main Path) Operation application
NCC, RCC, BNCC
Operation application IP RTU IP
RTU Ethernet-to-E1 converter Ethernet-over-SDH card SDH E1
Provisioning 4
2 parallel Availability
99.88% 99.9799% downtime 631 105
Availability
= ASWA1* ASWB1*{1-{(1-ARA1*ARB1)*(1- ARA2*ARB2)}}
topology Parallel
= 0.9999*0.9999*{ 1-{(1-(0.9995*0.9995))* (1-(0.9995*0.9995))} }
= 0.9999*0.9999*0.999999
= 0.999799 (99.9799%)
Downtime
= (1-Availability)*525,960 = (1-0.999799)* 525,960 = 105
4. (Availability) IP/MPLS
4.1 1 WAN Redundancy
7 WAN Redundancy
RTU (RTU Main) (RTU Backup) WAN
LAN Switch A1 IP/MPLS Router A1 (NCC, RCC)
7 ( WAN )
: Switch_A1 --> Router_A1 --> Router_B1 --> Router_B1 :
Availability
1 Availability
Availability of RTU System = { 1-{(1-ARB1*ASWB1)*(1- ARB2*ASWB2)} } * ASWA1*ARA1
= { 1-{(1-(0.9995*0.9999))* (1-(0.9995*0.9999))} } * 0.9999*0.9995
= 0.999399 (99.9399%)
Downtime of RTU System
= (1-Availability)*525,960 = (1-0.999399)* 525,960 = 316
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-8-
-9-
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1
WAN
Redundant
2
WAN & Path
Redundant
3
WAN & Path
& VRRP (1)
4
WAN & Path
& VRRP (2)
Availability
99.9399%
99.99985%
99.9899%
99.9998%
Downtime
316
0.08394
53
Additional
Equipment
Ethernet-to-E1
Converter, EoSDH
Ethernet-to-E1
Converter, EoSDH
Ethernet-to-E1
Converter, EoSDH,
LAN Switch
CAPEX
$$$
OPEX
$$
$$
$$
Pros
Local WAN
RTU
Backup
Local WAN
RTU
Main/Backup
Local LAN/WAN
RTU
System
Operation Application
Cons
Local
WAN
Local WAN
RTU Main
Local LAN
RTU Main/Backup
[1] IP RTU
[2] Di Benedetto, Marco, et al. "High availability architecture for network devices." U.S. Patent No. 7,061,858. 13 Jun. 2006.
[3] Carthern, Chris, et al. "Introduction to Availability." Cisco Networks. Apress, 2015. 383-406.
[4] Shivakumar, V., M. F. Khan, and Amit Jain. "Communication infrastructure for Smart Grid." Power Engineer Journal 18.1 (2016):
19-24.
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