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GovernmentofIndia
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

TheGovernmentofIndia(GoI)isafederalgovernmentestablishedbytheConstitutionofIndiaastheconstituted
governingauthorityoftheunionof29statesandsevenunionterritoriesofaproclaimedandestablished
parliamentarydemocraticrepublic,constitutionallycalledtheRepublicofIndia.ItislocatedinNewDelhi,the
capitalofIndia.
EffectingtheWestminstersystemforgoverningthestate,thefederalgovernmentismainlycomposedofthe
executive,legislative,andjudicialbranches,inwhichallpowersarevestedbytheConstitutionintheParliament,
thePrimeMinisterandtheSupremeCourt.ThePresidentofIndiaistheHeadofStateandtheSupreme
CommanderoftheIndianArmedForceswhilethepeopleelectedPrimeMinisteractsasthechiefexecutive(ofthe
executivebranch)andisresponsibleforrunningthefederalgovernment.ThereisabicameralParliamentwiththe
LokSabhaasalowerhouseandtheRajyaSabhaasanupperhouse.Thejudicialbranchsystematicallycontainsan
apexSupremeCourt,24highcourts,andseveraldistrictcourtsallinferiortotheSupremeCourt.
ThebasiccivilandcriminallawsgoverningthecitizensofIndiaaresetdowninmajorparliamentarylegislation,
suchastheCivilProcedureCode,theIndianPenalCode,andtheCriminalProcedureCode.Similartothefederal
(union)government,individualstategovernmentseachconsistofexecutive,legislativeandjudicialbranches.The
legalsystemasapplicabletothefederalandindividualstategovernmentsisbasedontheEnglishCommonand
StatutoryLaw.ThefullnameofthecountryistheRepublicofIndia.NoothernameappearsintheConstitution,
andthisisthenamethatappearsonlegalbanknotes,intreatiesandinlegalcases.TheUnionGovernment,
CentralGovernmentorGovernmentofIndiaareoftenusedinanofficialandunofficialcapacitytorefertothe
GovernmentofIndia.BecausetheseatofgovernmentisinNewDelhi,"NewDelhi"iscommonlyusedasa
metonymfortheCentralGovernment.

Contents
1 Legislature
2 Executivebranch
2.1 President
2.2 VicePresident
2.3 PrimeMinister
2.4 Cabinet,executivedepartmentsandagencies
3 Civilservice
3.1 CabinetSecretaryofIndia
4 Judicialbranch
4.1 SupremeCourt
4.2 Publicinterestlitigation(PIL)
5 Electionsandvoting
6 Stateandlocalgovernments
7 Finance
7.1 Taxation
8 CentralBoardofDirectTaxes
8.1 OrganisationalstructureoftheCentralBoardofDirectTaxes
8.2 Generalbudget
9 Issues
9.1 Corruption
9.2 SpendingPRICE
9.3 Deficits
10 Seealso
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Seealso
References
Furtherreading
Externallinks

Legislature
LegislativepowerinIndiaisexercisedbytheParliament,abicamerallegislatureconsistingoftheRajyaSabha,
andtheLokSabha.OfthetwohousesofParliament,theformerisconsideredtobetheupperhouseortheCouncil
ofStatesandconsistsofmembersappointedbythePresidentandelectedbythestateandterritoriallegislatures.
ThelatterisconsideredthelowerhouseortheHouseofthepeople.
TheParliamentdoesnothavecompletecontrolandsovereignty,
asitslawsaresubjecttojudicialreviewbytheSupremeCourtof
India.However,itdoesexercisesomecontrolovertheexecutive
branch.Themembersofthecabinet,includingtheprimeminister
andtheCouncilofMinisters,areeitherchosenfromparliamentor
electedtheretowithinsixmonthsofassumingoffice.Thecabinet
asawholeisresponsibletotheLokSabha.TheLokSabhaisa
temporaryhouseandcanonlybedissolvedwhenthepartyin
powerlosesthesupportofthemajorityofthehouse.Whereasthe
RajyaSabhaisapermanenthousewhichcanneverbedissolved
thoughthemembersoftheRajyaSabhawhoareelectedforasix
yearterm.

TheParliamentofIndiainthebackground

Executivebranch
TheExecutiveBranchofgovernmentistheonethathassoleauthorityandresponsibilityforthedaily
administrationofthestatebureaucracy.Thedivisionofpowerintoseparatebranchesofgovernmentiscentralto
therepublicanideaoftheseparationofpowers.

President
TheexecutivepowerisvestedmainlyinthePresidentofIndia,asperArticle53(1)oftheconstitution.The
Presidenthasallconstitutionalpowersandexercisesthemdirectlyorthroughofficerssubordinatetohimasperthe
aforesaidArticle53(1).ThePresidentistoactinaccordancewithaidandadvicetenderedbythePrimeMinister,
wholeadstheCouncilofMinistersasdescribedinArticle74oftheConstitutionofIndia.
TheCouncilofMinistersremainsinpowerduringthe'pleasure'ofthePresident.However,inpractice,theCouncil
ofMinistersmustretainthesupportoftheLokSabha.IfaPresidentweretodismisstheCouncilofMinisterson
hisorherowninitiative,itmighttriggeraconstitutionalcrisis.Thus,inpractice,theCouncilofMinisterscannot
bedismissedaslongasitholdsthesupportofamajorityintheLokSabha.
ThePresidentisresponsibleformakingawidevarietyofappointments.Theseinclude:[1]
GovernorsofStates
TheChiefJustice,otherjudgesoftheSupremeCourtandHighCourtsofIndia
TheAttorneyGeneral
TheComptrollerandAuditorGeneral
TheChiefElectionCommissionerandotherElectionCommissioners
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TheChairmanandotherMembersoftheUnionPublic
ServiceCommission
ThePresident'sOfficer
TheCabinetSecretary,whosepositionisequivalenttothe
MinistersinCentralGovernment.His/Herworkisto
facilitatesmoothtransactionofbusinessinMinistries/
DepartmentsoftheGovernment.[2]TheSecretariatheldby
CabinetSecretaryistermedasCabinetSecretariatandassists
indecisionmakinginGovernmentbyensuringInter
Ministerialcoordination,ironingoutdifferencesamongst
Ministries/Departmentsandevolvingconsensusthroughthe
instrumentalityofthestanding/adhocCommitteesof
Secretaries.
AmbassadorsandHighCommissionerstoother
countries[3][4]
ThePresident,asHeadofStatealsoreceivesthecredentialsof
Ambassadorsfromothercountries,whilstthePrimeMinister,as
HeadofGovernment,receivescredentialsofHighCommissioners
fromothermembersoftheCommonwealth,inlinewithhistorical
tradition.
ThePresidentisdejuretheCommanderinChiefoftheIndian
ArmedForces.[5]

TheRashtrapatiBhawan,residenceofthe
PresidentofIndia.

ThePresidentofIndiacangrantapardontoorreducethesentence
ofaconvictedpersonforonetime,particularlyincasesinvolving
punishmentofdeath.Thedecisionsinvolvingpardoningandother
rightsbythePresidentareindependentoftheopinionofthePrime
MinisterortheLokSabhamajority.Inmostothercases,however,
thePresidentexerciseshisorherexecutivepowersontheadviceof
thePrimeMinister.

VicePresident
SouthBlockbuildinghousingtheMinistryof
Defence.PresidentistheCommanderinChief
oftheIndianarmedforces.

TheVicePresidentofIndiaisthesecondhighestranked
governmentofficialintheexecutivebranchoftheGovernmentof
India,followingthePresident.VicePresidentrepresentsthenation
intheabsenceofthePresident.TheVicePresidentalsohasthelegislativefunctionofactingastheChairmanofthe
RajyaSabha.

PrimeMinister
ThePrimeMinisterofIndia,asaddressedtointheConstitutionofIndia,isthechiefofgovernment,chiefadviser
tothePresidentofIndia,headoftheCouncilofMinistersandtheleaderofthemajoritypartyintheparliament.
TheprimeministerleadstheexecutivebranchoftheGovernmentofIndia.
ThePrimeministeristheseniormemberofcabinetintheexecutivebranchofgovernmentinaparliamentary
system.Theprimeministerselectsandcandismissothermembersofthecabinetallocatespoststomembers
withintheGovernmentisthepresidingmemberandchairmanofthecabinetandisresponsibleforbringinga
proposaloflegislation.Theresignationordeathoftheprimeministerdissolvesthecabinet.
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ThePrimeministerisappointedbythepresidenttoassistthelatter
intheadministrationoftheaffairsoftheexecutive.

Cabinet,executivedepartmentsandagencies
TheCabinetofIndiaincludesthePrimeMinisterandhisCabinet
Ministers.[6]EachMinistermustbeamemberofoneofthehouses
ofIndia'sParliament.TheCabinetisheadedbythePrimeMinister,
andisadvisedbytheCabinetSecretary,whoalsoactsasthehead
oftheIndianAdministrativeService.OtherMinistersareeitheras
UnionCabinetMinisters,whoareheadsofthevariousMinistries
MinistersofState,whoarejuniormemberswhoreportdirectlyto
oneoftheCabinetMinisters,oftenoverseeingaspecificaspectof
governmentorJuniorMinistersofState(IndependentCharges),
whichdonotreporttoaCabinetMinister.Asperarticle88ofthe
constitution,everyMinistershallhavetherighttospeakin,andto
takepartintheproceedingsof,eitherHouse,anyjointsittingofthe
Houses,andanycommitteeofParliamentofwhichhemaybe
namedamember,butshallnotbeentitledtoavoteinthehouse
whereheisnotamember.

PrimeMinister'sOfficeattheSouthBlock.

Civilservice
TheCivilServicesofIndiaisthecivilserviceandthepermanent
bureaucracyoftheRepublicofIndia.Theexecutivedecisionsare
implementedbytheIndiancivilservants.

TheRedFortinNewDelhi.

IntheparliamentarydemocracyofIndia,theultimateresponsibilityforrunningtheadministrationrestswiththe
electedrepresentativesofthepeoplewhicharetheministers.Theseministersareaccountabletothelegislatures
whicharealsoelectedbythepeopleonthebasisofuniversaladultsuffrage.Theministersareindirectly
responsibletothepeoplethemselves.Butthehandfulofministersarenotexpectedtodealpersonallywiththe
variousproblemsofmodernadministration.Thustheministerslaydownthepolicyanditisforthecivilservants
toenforceit.

CabinetSecretaryofIndia
TheCabinetSecretaryofIndiaistheseniormostcivilservant
inthecountry.TheCabinetSecretaryistheexofficio
ChairmanoftheCivilServicesBoardoftheRepublicofIndia
generallytheseniormostofficeroftheIndianAdministrative
Service(IAS)andheadofallcivilservicesundertherulesof
businessoftheGovernmentofIndia.TheCabinetSecretaryis
arguablyIndia'smostpowerfulbureaucratandrighthandof
PrimeMinisterofIndia.
TheCabinetSecretariatisresponsiblefortheadministrationof
TheCabinetSecretariatofIndia
theGovernmentofIndiaTransactionofBusinessRules,1961
andtheGovernmentofIndiaAllocationofBusinessRules
1971,facilitatingsmoothtransactionofbusinessinMinistries/DepartmentsoftheGovernmentbyensuring
adherencetotheserules.TheSecretariatassistsindecisionmakinginGovernmentbyensuringInterMinisterial
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coordination,ironingoutdifferencesamongstMinistries/Departmentsandevolvingconsensusthroughthe
instrumentalityofthestanding/adhocCommitteesofSecretaries.Throughthismechanismnewpolicyinitiatives
arealsopromoted.
TheCabinetSecretariatensuresthatthePresidentofIndia,theVicePresidentandministersarekeptinformedof
themajoractivitiesofallDepartmentsbymeansofamonthlysummaryreportoftheiractivities.Managementof
majorcrisissituationsinthecountryandcoordinatingactivitiesofthevariousMinistriesinsuchasituationisalso
oneofthefunctionsoftheCabinetSecretariat.

Judicialbranch
India'sindependentunionjudicialsystembeganunderthe
British,anditsconceptsandproceduresresemblethoseof
AngloSaxoncountries.TheSupremeCourtofIndiaconsists
ofaChiefJusticeand30associatejustices,allappointedby
thePresidentontheadviceoftheChiefJusticeofIndia.The
jurytrialswereabolishedinIndiaintheearly1960s,afterthe
famouscaseKMNanavativStateofMaharashtra,forreasons
ofbeingvulnerabletomediaandpublicpressure,aswellasto
beingmisled.
UnlikeitsUnitedStatescounterpart,theIndianjusticesystem
consistsofaunitarysystematbothstateandfederallevel.The
judiciaryconsistsoftheSupremeCourtofIndia,HighCourts
ofIndiaatthestatelevel,andDistrictCourtsandSessions
Courtsatthedistrictlevel.

TheSupremeCourtofIndia

SupremeCourt
TheSupremeCourtofIndiaissituatedinNewDelhi,thecapitalregionofIndia.TheSupremeCourtofIndiahas
thepoweroriginal,appellateandadvisoryjurisdiction.Itsexclusiveoriginaljurisdictionextendstoanydispute
betweentheGovernmentofIndiaandoneormorestates,orbetweentheGovernmentofIndiaandanystateor
statesononesideandoneormorestatesontheother,orbetweentwoormorestates,ifandinsofarasthedispute
involvesanyquestion(whetheroflaworoffact)onwhichtheexistenceorextentofalegalrightdependson.
Inaddition,Article32oftheIndianConstitutiongivesanextensiveoriginaljurisdictiontotheSupremeCourtin
regardtoenforcingfundamentalrights.Itisempoweredtoissuedirections,ordersorwrits,includingwritsinthe
natureofhabeascorpus,mandamus,prohibition,quowarrantoandcertioraritoenforcethem.TheSupremeCourt
hasbeenconferredwithpowertodirecttransferofanycivilorcriminalcasefromoneStateHighCourttoanother
StateHighCourt,orfromacourtsubordinatetoanotherStateHighCourtandsupremecourt.

Publicinterestlitigation(PIL)
AlthoughtheproceedingsintheSupremeCourtariseoutofthejudgementorordersmadebythesubordinate
courts,oflatetheSupremeCourthasstartedentertainingmattersinwhichinterestofthepublicatlargeis
involved,andtheCourtmaybemovedbyanyindividualorgroupofpersonseitherbyfilingaWritPetitionatthe
FilingCounteroftheCourt,orbyaddressingalettertoHon'bleTheChiefJusticeofIndiahighlightingthe
questionofpublicimportanceforinvokingthis.

Electionsandvoting
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Indiahasafederalgovernment,withelectedofficialsatthefederal(national),stateandlocallevels.Onanational
level,theheadofgovernment,thePrimeMinister,isappointedbythePresidentofIndiaamongstthepartywhich
wonthemajorityseatsinLoksabha.Allmembersofthefederallegislature,theParliament,aredirectlyelected.
ElectionsinIndiatakeplaceeveryfiveyearsbyuniversaladultsuffragethroughfirstpastthepostvotingsystem.

Stateandlocalgovernments
StategovernmentsinIndiaarethegovernmentsrulingStatesofIndiaandthechiefministerheadsthestate
government.Powerisdividedbetweenuniongovernmentandstategovernments.Stategovernment'slegislatureis
bicameralin7statesandunicameralintherest.Lowerhouseiselectedwith5yearsterm,whileinupperhouse1/3
ofthetotalmembersinthehousegetselectedevery2yearswith6yearterm.
Localgovernmentfunctionatthebasiclevel.Itisthethirdlevelofgovernmentapartfromunionandstate
governments.Itconsistsofpanchayatsinruralareasandmunicipalitiesinurbanareas.Theyareelecteddirectlyor
indirectlybythepeople.

Finance
SeeReserveBankofIndia

Taxation
Indiahasathreetiertaxstructure,whereintheconstitution
empowerstheuniongovernmenttolevyincometax,taxon
capitaltransactions(wealthtax,inheritancetax),salestax,service
tax,customsandexcisedutiesandthestategovernmentstolevy
salestaxonintrastatesaleofgoods,taxonentertainmentand
professions,excisedutiesonmanufactureofalcohol,stampduties
ontransferofpropertyandcollectlandrevenue(levyonland
owned).Thelocalgovernmentsareempoweredbythestate
governmenttolevypropertytaxandchargeusersforpublic
utilitieslikewatersupply,sewageetc.[7][8]Morethanhalfofthe
revenuesoftheunionandstategovernmentscomefromtaxes,of
which3/4comefromdirecttaxes.Morethanaquarterofthe
uniongovernment'staxrevenuesissharedwiththestate
governments.[9]
Thetaxreforms,initiatedin1991,havesoughttorationalisethe
taxstructureandincreasecompliancebytakingstepsinthe
followingdirections:

RegionalofficeoftheStateBankofIndia
(SBI),India'slargestbank,inMumbai.The
governmentofIndiaisthelargestshareholderin
SBI.

Reducingtheratesofindividualandcorporateincometaxes,excises,customsandmakingitmore
progressive
Reducingexemptionsandconcessions
Simplificationoflawsandprocedures
Introductionofpermanentaccountnumber(PAN)totrackmonetarytransactions
21ofthe29statesintroducedvalueaddedtax(VAT)on1April2005toreplacethecomplexandmultiple
salestaxsystem[8][10]

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Thenontaxrevenuesofthecentralgovernmentcomefromfiscalservices,interestreceipts,publicsector
dividends,etc.,whilethenontaxrevenuesoftheStatesaregrantsfromthecentralgovernment,interestreceipts,
dividendsandincomefromgeneral,economicandsocialservices.[11]
InterstateshareinthefederaltaxpoolisdecidedbytherecommendationsoftheFinanceCommissiontothe
President.
TotaltaxreceiptsofCentreandStateamounttoapproximately18%ofnationalGDP.Thiscomparestoafigureof
3745%intheOECD.

CentralBoardofDirectTaxes
TheCentralBoardofDirectTaxes(CBDT)isapartoftheDepartmentofRevenueintheMinistryofFinance,
GovernmentofIndia.TheCBDTprovidesessentialinputsforpolicyandplanningofdirecttaxesinIndiaandis
alsoresponsibleforadministrationofthedirecttaxlawsthroughIncomeTaxDepartment.TheCBDTisastatutory
authorityfunctioningundertheCentralBoardofRevenueAct,1963.ItisIndia'sofficialFinancialActionTask
ForceonMoneyLaundering(FATF).TheCentralBoardofRevenueastheDepartmentapexbodychargedwith
theadministrationoftaxescameintoexistenceasaresultoftheCentralBoardofRevenueAct,1924.Initiallythe
Boardwasinchargeofbothdirectandindirecttaxes.However,whentheadministrationoftaxesbecametoo
unwieldyforoneBoardtohandle,theBoardwassplitupintotwo,namelytheCentralBoardofDirectTaxesand
CentralBoardofExciseandCustomswitheffectfrom1January1964.Thisbifurcationwasbroughtaboutby
constitutionofthetwoBoardsu/s3oftheCentralBoardsofRevenueAct,1963.

OrganisationalstructureoftheCentralBoardofDirectTaxes
TheCBDTisheadedbyChairmanandalsocomprisessixmembers,allofwhomareexofficioSpecialSecretary
toGovernmentofIndia.TheInvestigationDivisionoftheCentralBoardofDirectTaxesisalsoheadedbya
memberoftheCBDT.
TheChairmanandMembersofCBDTareselectedfromIndianRevenueService(IRS),apremiercivilserviceof
India,whosemembersconstitutethetopmanagementofIncomeTaxDepartmentandothervariousdepartments.

Generalbudget
TheFinanceministerofIndiapresentstheannualunionbudgetintheParliamentonthelastworkingdayof
February.ThebudgethastobepassedbytheLokSabhabeforeitcancomeintoeffecton1April,thestartof
India'sfiscalyear.TheUnionbudgetisprecededbyaneconomicsurveywhichoutlinesthebroaddirectionofthe
budgetandtheeconomicperformanceofthecountryfortheoutgoingfinancialyear.Thiseconomicsurvey
involvesallthevariousNGOs,womenorganisations,businesspeople,oldpeopleassociationsetc.
The2009UnionbudgetofIndiahadatotalestimatedexpenditurefor200910was 10,208billion
(US$152billion),ofwhich 6,957billion(US$103billion)wastowardsNonPlanand 3,251billion
(US$48billion)towardsPlanexpenditure.Totalestimatedrevenuewas 6,198billion(US$92billion),including
revenuereceiptsof 6,145billion(US$91billion)andcapitalreceiptsof 53.45billion(US$794million),
excludingborrowings.Theresultingfiscaldeficitwas 4,009.96billion(US$60billion)whilerevenuedeficitwas
2,827billion(US$42billion).Thegrosstaxreceiptswerebudgetedat 6,411billion(US$95billion)andnontax
revenuereceiptsat 1,403billion(US$21billion).
India'snondevelopmentrevenueexpenditurehasincreasednearlyfivefoldin200304since199091andmore
thantenfoldsince19851986.Interestpaymentsarethesinglelargestitemofexpenditureandaccountedformore
than40%ofthetotalnondevelopmentexpenditureinthe200304budget.Defenseexpenditureincreasedfourfold
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duringthesameperiodandhasbeenincreasingbecauseofIndia'sdesiretoprojectitsmilitaryprowessbeyond
SouthAsia.In2007,India'sdefencespendingstoodatUS$26.5billion.

Issues
Corruption
Severalministersareaccusedofcorruptionandnearlyaquarterofthe543electedmembersofparliamenthad
beenchargedwithcrimes,includingmurder,in2009.[12]

SpendingPRICE
Thegovernmentprovidessubsidiesonconsumablerationslikekeroseneandagriculturalproduceasawelfare
state.StatutoryCorporationslikeFoodCorporationofIndiaarecompensatedbythegovernmentsforanypotential
losses.ProgressiveattemptssinceLiberalisationhavebeenmadebothatthestateandthecentrallevelto
rationalisethesesubsidiesthroughcommoditisation&througheconomiesofscalewithvaryingresults.Farmers
aregivenelectricityatnominalrates,oftenfreeofchargeastostimulateagriculturalproduction.
Ontheotherhand,Indiaspendsrelativelylessoneducation,health,orinfrastructure.AccordingtoUNESCO,
Indiahasaverylowpublicexpenditureonhighereducationperstudentascomparedtootherdevelopingand
developedcountries.[13]

Deficits
AspertheCIA'sTheWorldFactbook,in2010,Indiaranked60thintheworld,withrespecttothepublicdebt,with
atotalof48.50%ofGDP.In2012,Indiaranked63rd,howeverwithpublicdebtincreasedto51.70%ofGDP.[14]

Seealso
CabinetofIndia
ConstitutionofIndia
ForeignrelationsofIndia
NationalPortalofIndia
NationalSocialmediaPortal
Parliamentarydemocracy
UnionCouncilofMinistersofIndia

References
1.KumarRajesh.Universal'sGuidetotheConstitutionofIndia(https://books.google.com/books?id=an78gq3JwzYC&pg=
PA72)Pgno.72.
2."CabinetSecretariatGovernmentofIndia".Cabsec.nic.in.Retrieved10July2013.
3.PratiyogitaDarpan(March2007).PratiyogitaDarpan.PratiyogitaDarpan.p.60.Retrieved10May2012.
4.BakshiPM(2010).ConstitutionOfIndia,10/e.UniversalLawPublishingCompanyLimited.pp.48.ISBN97881
75348400.Retrieved10May2012.
5.Oldenburg,Philip(31August2010).India,Pakistan,andDemocracy:SolvingthePuzzleofDivergentPaths.Taylor&
Francis.p.71.ISBN9780415780186.Retrieved3May2012.
6.CabinetMinisters(ason26.05.2014)(http://pmindia.gov.in/details9.php).Cabsec.nic.in.Retrievedon6December2013.
Archived(https://web.archive.org/web/20140527214936/http://pmindia.gov.in/details9.php)27May2014attheWayback
Machine.
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7.ServicetaxandexpendituretaxarenotleviedinJammuandKashmirIntrastatesalehappenswhengoodsorthetitleof
goodsmovefromonestatetoanother.
8.Bernardi,LuigiFraschini,Angela(2005)."TaxSystemAndTaxReformsInIndia".Workingpapern.51.
9.Taxrevenuewas88%oftotaluniongovernmentrevenuein195051andhascomedownto73%in200304,asaresult
ofincreaseinnontaxrevenue.Taxrevenueswere70%oftotalstategovernmentrevenuesin2002to2003.Indirecttaxes
were84%oftheuniongovernmentstotaltaxrevenueandhavecomedownto62%in200304,mostlybecauseofcutsin
importdutiesandrationalisation.Thestatesshareinuniongovernment'staxrevenueis28.0%fortheperiod2000to
2005aspertherecommendationsoftheeleventhfinancecommission.Inaddition,statesthatdonotlevysalestaxon
sugar,textilesandtobacco,areentitledto1.5%oftheproceeds.Datt,RuddarSundharam,K.P.M.(2005).Indian
Economy.S.Chand.pp.938,942,946.ISBN8121902983.
10."Indif_real_GDP_per_capitaasays21of29statestolaunchnewtax".DailyTimes.25March2005.Archivedfromthe
originalon16January2009.
11.Datt,RuddarSundharam,K.P.M."55".IndianEconomy.pp.943945.
12.WashingtonPost:WhentheLittleOnesRuntheShow(quotefromtheNewDelhibasedAssociationforDemocratic
Reform)(http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2009/05/13/AR2009051303758.html)retrieved14May
2009
13."Highereducationspending:IndiaatthebottomofBRIC".Rediff.2005.
14.CIAWorldFactbook(https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/theworldfactbook/rankorder/2186rank.html?countryNam
e=India&countryCode=IN&regionCode=sas#IN)

Furtherreading
SubrataK.MitraandV.B.Singh(1999).DemocracyandSocialChangeinIndia:ACrossSectional
AnalysisoftheNationalElectorate.NewDelhi:SagePublications.ISBN817036809X(IndiaHB),ISBN
0761993444(USHB).

Externallinks
OfficialPortaloftheIndianGovernment(http://www.india.gov.in/)
HighestExecutive,JudiciaryandLegislativeofficersinIndia(http://india.gov.in/govt/whoswho.php)
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_India&oldid=752720425"
Categories: GovernmentofIndia Asiangovernments
Thispagewaslastmodifiedon2December2016,at21:57.
TextisavailableundertheCreativeCommonsAttributionShareAlikeLicenseadditionaltermsmayapply.
Byusingthissite,youagreetotheTermsofUseandPrivacyPolicy.Wikipediaisaregisteredtrademark
oftheWikimediaFoundation,Inc.,anonprofitorganization.

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