Eigen values = |H I| =0

E1 +w 11
w12
w21
E 2+ w22

=0

( E1 +w 11 ) ( E2 +w 22 ) w12 w21=0
1
1,2 =E = ( E1 +w 11 + E2 +w 22) ( E1 +w11 E2 w22 )24 ( w12 )2
2

b b 24 ac
a +b+ c=0 1,2=
2a
2

w=0
1
1
2
E = ( E1 + E 2 )
( E1 .. E 2 )
2
2

1
1
E = ( E1 + E2 ) ( E 1E2 ) =E1,2
2
2
Solution without pertubaration
Associated eiquestates for E+ and E-

( )

+ cos 2 e

id
2

| cos( ) e | >+ sin( ) e

id
2

sin

(2 )

id
2

| cos( ) e | >+cos( ) e

id
2

tan =

2|w12|
( 0 )
E 1+ w11 E2 +w 22

w 21=|w 21|e

Remarks =
i.

If w = 0 then E+ = E1 E- = E2

ii.

w12 = w21 = 0, then |

> and |

> are again eigenstacs with, energies E1 + w22

case with w11 = w22 = 0, w is purely non diagonal E are expressed in terms of w12, Em and
definition =
1
E m = ( E1+ E 2 )
2
1
= ( E1 + E2 )
2
2

2
( E1E 2) + 4 ( w12 )

1
1
E = ( E1 + E 2 )
2
2
2

E =Em 2 +|w 12| hiperbola

1
= ( E1E 2 )
incteases then the levels E+ and E- grow further apart.
2

If the aifference

Repelling effect
If

|w 12|
1
2

1
Taylor ( 1+ x ) =1+ 2 x

1 |w 12|
E =Em 1+
+
2 2

Centre of hipperbola
=0
E1=E 2
E =Em |w12|
First order effect

4.6 Resonance Phenomena

H2+

P1

P2

P1

P2

Conpling of the states

1|H|2 0
Sgmmetty

H 11= 1|H|1
H 22= 2|H| 2
H 11=H 22=E m ( R )
General theory

1||1

are not eign functions if

>

E with eign functions |

()
()
()
+ cos e | cos e | >+ sin e

id
2

1|H|2 0

id
2

Linier combination of

1||1

Development in time
( t ) a , ( t )|1 >+a2 ( t )|2

d ( t )> =H ( t )>
dt
i

we cannot localite the electron

we will find energy levels

d a1 (t)
dt = ( H ) a1 (t ) ( H )= E1 w12
d a2 (t)
a2 (t )
w 12 E 2
dt

( )
i
i

( )

d a1 (t )
=E1 a1 ( t ) +w 12 a2 (t )
dt

d a2 (t)
=w 21 a1 ( t ) + E 2 a 2(t )
dt

With H = H . + w
>

We have eignstates |
(eigenvalue E+ ) and |

>
(eigenvalue E - )

In general terms
>
+>+
| ( 0 ) > |
>
+ >+ e

iE .t
h

| ( 0 ) > e |
iE. t
h

In terms of |

i >

cofficients ai (t) = |

| (t ) > a ,(t)| 1 >+a2 ( t ) 2 >

i (t) >