1.

PURPOSE OF FEEDWATER HEATERS THERMALPOWERPLANT

The provide effiency gains in the steam cycle by increasing the initial water
temp to the boiler,So their less sensible heat addition which must occur in the
boiler.

PERFORMANCE OF FEEDWATER HEATERS

Three variables are used to monitor feedwater heater effiencey.

2. The heater Terminal Temperature Differencse or (TTD).

3. The heater Drain cooler Approach or (DCA).
4. Feed water Temperature rise (TR).

Terminal Temperature Difference (TTD);

Terminal Temperature difference or TTD is a measure of how close the
outlet Feedwater Temperature is to the Feedwater heater Saturation
Temperature.

The TTD is measure of the heat transfer capabilitynof the Feedwater

heater.

The higher the TTD is above design the poorer the performance of
the heater.

Actual measurement should be compared with controlled

performance tests at variouse power level to ditermine it seriouse
changer are accurring.

If the TTD is substaintially higher than normal for the existing

conditions, the heater has problems.

DRAIN COOLER APPROACH (DCA);

The heater drain cooler Approach or DCA is a measure of how close the
heater drain outlet Temperature is to the Feedwater inlet Temperature.

DCA LOW;

The DCA Temperature is a critical factor in the assurance of a

long service life for a closed Feedwater heater.

If the actual drains approach is at or slightly better (lower) than

the designated value. The drains cooling zone should be in good
physical condition.

DCA HIGH;

If the DCA Temperature is too high for existing power level, a

seriouse operating condition exists.

This condition throatens to do sever damage to the tubes and

other internals, such as the drain cooling zone end plate and
baffles.Rapid heater destruction may follow,especially in a
horrizontal heater.

Corrective action usually consists restoring the water level to

the proper range from a level that is too low.

Failoure to do so can allow flushing to devvelop destructive

velocities and rapid erosion in drains cooling zone.

FEEDWATER PERFORMANCE CALCULATIONS;

DCA.

Feedwater heater TTD.

Feedwater Temperature rise TR.

DCA Temperature difference;

INPUT VARIABLES,
TDO = Heater drain outlet Temperature in deg . C
TFWI = Feedwater inlet Temperature in deg . C

CALCULATE FOR DCA;

DCA = TDO - TFWI Unit in deg . C

CALCULATE FOR TTD;

Input variables;

Tag No;
Design Data

Unit
Kg/cm2

PES

description
pressure extraction steam

_
to heater
TFWO
outlet

Deg . C

Temp Feedwater Heater

Calculation for TTD;

TSATES = Saturation Temp of the steam at extraction

inlet pressure (PES) of form in the ASME steam tables
unit in deg . C
TTD calculation (unit deg . C),
TTD = TSATES - TFWO.

FEED WATER TEMPERATURE RISE (TR);

TR = FW out let Temp - FW inlet Temp.
MONITERING;
The TTD and DCA for act heater should be
determined an a monthly basis.
FEEDWATER RESPONDSES;

Problem
DCA

TR

TTD

In adequet vent
Increase

Decrease

Increase

Level increase
Decrease

Decrease

Increase

Level Daseecre
Increase

Increase

Tube Fouling
Increase
Tube Leake
Increase
High FW flow
Increase
Plugged tubes
Increase

Decrease
Decrease
Decrease
Decrease

Decrease
Increase
Increase
Increase
Increase

FEEDWATER HEATER IMPACT ON THERMAL

PERFORMANCE;

1OC Increase in Top heat TTD,0.033% Increase

in heat rate.

1OC Increase in DCA, 0.01% Increase in the

heat rate.

Increase TTD and DCA Cause increased heat

rate and redused electrical output.