EIS For Kafubu Mall PDF

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT
FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF A

SHOPPING MALL IN NDOLA BY KAFUBU MALL
LIMITED
NOVEMBER 2012
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY .....................................................................................10
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................11
INTRODUCTION ................................................................. ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED.
PROJECT BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................21
THE PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTING A SHOPPING MALL .........................................................................22
1.1.1.
Preparatory Works ..........................................................................................................22
1.1.2.
Tendering Process...........................................................................................................22
1.1.3.
Organizing Implementation of a Project .........................................................................22
1.1.4.
Approval and Awarding of Contracts .............................................................................23
1.1.5.
Supervision of Physical Work .........................................................................................23
OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA .....................................................................................................................27

SCOPE OF THE EIA .............................................................................................................................. 28
STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................28
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT TEAM ..................................................................................31
POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK ..........................................................32
ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY FRAMEWORK AND STRATEGY ...................................................................32
1.1.6.
National Conservation Strategy ......................................................................................32
ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................32

1.1.7.
Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act, Chapter 204 ............................... 32
1.1.8.
EIA Legislative Requirements .........................................................................................32
OTHER ACTS REVIEWED RELEVANT TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SHOPPING MALL ..........................34

1.1.9.
National Council for construction Act ............................................................................34
1.1.10.
Town and Country Planning Act, Chapter 283 ..........................................................35
1.1.11.
Forest Act, Chapter 199 .............................................................................................35
1.1.12.
Water Resources Management Act No 21 of 2011 .....................................................36
1.1.13.
National Heritage Conservation Commission Act .....................................................36
1.1.14.
The Land Act of 1995 .................................................................................................37
1.1.15.
The Lands Acquisition Act No. 2 of 1970 ...................................................................37
1.1.16.
Mines and Minerals Act, Chapter 32 .........................................................................38
1.1.17.
Road and Traffic Control Act, Chapter 464 ............................................................... 38
1.1.18.
Local Government Act, Chapter 281 ..........................................................................38
1.1.19.
Public Health Act, Chapter 295 .................................................................................39
1.1.20.
Factories Act, Chapter 441 ........................................................................................39
1.1.21.
Petroleum Act, Chapter 439 .......................................................................................39
1.1.22.
Energy Regulation Act, Chapter 436..........................................................................40
INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL CONVENTIONS ................................................................................40
PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................41

PROJECT LOCATION ............................................................................................................................41
PROJECT ACTIVITIES ...........................................................................................................................43
1.1.23.
Phases in Shopping mall construction .......................................................................43
DECOMMISSIONING AND CLOSURE.....................................................................................................50

1.1.24.
Sources of Raw materials for shopping Mall .............................................................51
1.1.25.
Raw materials During Construction ..........................................................................51
1.1.26.
Waste Products during Construction Phase ............................................................... 54
1.1.27.
Waste Products during Operational Phase ................................................................ 55
ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SHOPPING MALL CONSTRUCTION ..........................................................56

1.1.28.
Option A: Do Nothing; ............................................................................................... 56
PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF PROJECT SITE & ITS SURROUNDINGS .............................1

1.1TOPOGRAPHY ...................................................................................................................................1
1.2 SOILS AND GEOLOGY ......................................................................................................................1
1.3 CLIMATE .........................................................................................................................................2
1.4 HYDROLOGY AND DRAINAGE .........................................................................................................5
1.5 WATER AND SANITATION ...............................................................................................................6
FLORA AND FAUNA ...............................................................................................................................8
1.1.29.
Flora and Vegetation ...................................................................................................8
1.1.30.
Fauna around the project area area ............................................................................9
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................10

DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE .....................................................................................................................10
1.1.31.
Major Demographic Characteristics .........................................................................10
1.1.32.
Economic Profile Around the project area ................................................................ 10
LAND-USE ...........................................................................................................................................11
1.1.33.
Land Tenure Systems ..................................................................................................11
1.1.34.
Settlements..................................................................................................................12
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ..........................................................................................................13

CULTURAL RESOURCES ......................................................................................................................13
1.1.35.
Archaeological, Cultural and Historical Sites ...........................................................13
PUBLIC MEETINGS/ CONSULTATIONS ......................................................................................14

APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................14
COMMUNITY CONCERNS .....................................................................................................................15
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ................................................................................19
IMPACTS ON LAND AND SOIL ..............................................................................................................19
1.1.36.
Construction Phase ....................................................................................................19
1.1.37.
Operational Phase......................................................................................................19
IMPACTS ON VEGETATION ..................................................................................................................20

1.1.38.
1.1.39.
IMPACTS ON WILDLIFE AND WILDLIFE HABITATS ..............................................................................21

1.1.40.
1.1.41.
IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY ............................................................................................................21

1.1.42.
1.1.43.
IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY ..................................................................................................................22

1.1.44.
1.1.45.
IMPACTS OF NOISE .............................................................................................................................. 22

1.1.46.
1.1.47.
IMPACTS ON LANDSCAPE AND AESTHETICS ........................................................................................23

1.1.48.
1.1.49.
IMPACTS ON LAND-USE AND SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT .............................................................. 24

1.1.50.
1.1.51.
IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................24

1.1.52.
1.1.53.
IMPACTS ON CULTURAL AND HISTORIC SITES ....................................................................................25

1.1.54.
1.1.55.
IMPACTS ON HUMAN SETTLEMENTS ...................................................................................................25

1.1.56.
1.1.57.
IMPACTS OF QUARRIES AND BORROW PITS .........................................................................................25

1.1.58.
1.1.59.
IMPACTS OF ROAD TRAFFIC ................................................................................................................26

1.1.60.
1.1.61.
IMPACTS OF WORK ACCIDENTS ..........................................................................................................27

1.1.62.
1.1.63.
IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION CAMPS ...................................................................................................27

1.1.64.
1.1.65.
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ......................................................................29

NATURE OF IMPACT ............................................................................................................................29
DIRECT IMPACT ..................................................................................................................................29
INDIRECT IMPACT ............................................................................................................................... 29
SPATIAL EXTENT ................................................................................................................................ 29
DURATION ..........................................................................................................................................30
INTENSITY...........................................................................................................................................30
PROBABILITY ......................................................................................................................................31
DETERMINATION OF SIGNIFICANCE ....................................................................................................32
MITIGATION MEASURES................................................................................................................45
PROPOSED MEASURES TO ADDRESS CONCERNS OF THE COMMUNITIES AROUND THE PROJECT AREA 59
1.1.66.
Shopping Mall Site & its Surroundings ......................................................................59
1.1.67.
Quarries & Borrow Pits .............................................................................................59
1.1.68.
Sitting of Construction Camps ...................................................................................59
1.1.69.
Abstraction of Water from Local Sources ..................................................................59
1.1.70.
Drainage Design/Culverts ..........................................................................................59
1.1.71.
Accidents & Black-Spots ............................................................................................59
1.1.72.
Project Benefits to the Local Community ...................................................................60
1.1.73.
Detour, By-pass, Lay-bys and Access Roads .............................................................. 60
1.1.74.
District/Community Role in the Project .....................................................................60
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN ...........................................61

INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................61
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN .............................................................................................61
1.1.75.
Impact Mitigation Plan .............................................................................................. 62
IMPACT MITIGATION PLAN .................................................................................................................68

ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN .............................................................................................. 127
MONITORING ACTIVITIES AND INDICATORS .....................................................................................128
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK FOR MONITORING, REPORTING & SUPERVISION ................................ 152
1.1.76.
Establishment of Collaborating Network .................................................................152
1.1.77.
Monitoring Arrangements ........................................................................................152
1.1.78.
Reporting Procedure and Flow of Information ........................................................153
1.1.79.
Construction Phase ..................................................................................................153
1.1.80.
Operational Phase....................................................................................................156
SCHEDULING OF MITIGATION MEASURES AND MONITORING OF PERFORMANCE .............................. 157

1.1.81.
Table for Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures ...................................157
1.1.82.
Table for Implementation Schedule of Monitoring ...................................................162
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................167

CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................................................167
RECOMMENDATIONS .........................................................................................................................167
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Map showing the location of the project

Figure 2: Fauna around the project area
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: List of EIA team
Table 2: Showing raw material during construction
Table 3: Average precipitation for 84 years old period
Table4: Average relative temperature
Table 5: Average relative humidity
Table 6: Population distribution in the project planning area
Table 7: Community Concerns
Table 8: Table of evaluation of impacts
Table 9: Mitigation measures
Table 10: Monitoring activities and indicators
Table 11: Monitoring and reporting Responsibilities
Table 12: implementation schedule of mitigation measures
LIST OF APPENDICES
Copy of approved Terms of Reference

Maps and satellite images
Certificate of incorporation
Investment License
Proof of public consultation
Land ownership
Geotechnical studies
Water physiological and Bacteriological Analysis
Bill of Quantities
ABBREVIATIONS AND TERMINOLOGY
CBO
Community Based Organization
CNEL
Community Noise Equivalent Level
DDCC
District Development Coordinating Committee
dB
Decibel (Noise Measure)
ZEMA
Zambia Environmental Management Agency
EIA
Environmental Impact Assessment
EPB
Environmental Project Brief
EIS
Environmental Impact Statement
EMMP
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
EPPCA
Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act
m2
Square Meter
m3
Cubic Meter
NCS
National Conservation Strategy
NGO
Non-governmental Organization
NHCC
National Heritage Conservation Commission
ZAWA
Zambia Wildlife Authority

10
ZESCO
Zambia Electricity Supply Corporation
SIGNATURE PAGE
11
We the undersigned hereby declare that the information contained in this report is true and
correct to the best of our knowledge:
1) Cuthbert Makondo - Environmental and Natural Resource specialist.

2) Mwimba Nkosha - Soci-Econimist..
3) Kennedy Chileshe-
Civil Engineer and Hydrology
4) Habena Habenzu -
Structural Engineer and Material Testing..
5) Dillon Rothman-
Developer................................................................
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1.1 The Project
The Management of Kafubu Mall Limited wants to construct a shopping mall in Ndola that will
be of international standards. Once build this will provide access to goods and services to
12
tourist resort facilities as well as the residents of Ndola and other surrounding towns .Ndola is
endowed with a lot of minerals and has got the potential for economic growth.
Kafubu Mall Limited, propose to establish a shopping mall in Ndola .Kafubu Mall Limited are
a private property holding company, which was registered on the 16th of May 2012. Kafubu
Mall Limited shareholders have a diversified portfolio throughout South Africa which includes
offices, warehouses and shopping centers. In this regard, they have identified a piece of land in
Ndola of about 2.5 hectares as a possible site upon which to build a 1163m2 shopping mall. The
proposed development introduces an iconic retail-centric mixed-use development with an
international flavour, where people will experience an exclusive shopping environment, dine
and socialize in an up market setting.
The concept revolves around the construction of a multi-million dollar Shopping Mall
Development facility with a final build-out of approximately 1163m2 in Ndola. These premises
lie at the junction of T-3 and president Avenue and can be accessed through the T-3 and
President Avenue, and are directly opposite Kundalila Flats. The projected total cost of the
whole development will be US $7 million. (US Dollar Seven million). The construction of the
shopping mall will be done at once and is scheduled to commence in March 2013 with
completion set for June 2015
This anticipated project falls under the Second Schedule of the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Regulations of the Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act
(EPPCA), and its various Instruments. Provided for under this Act is the requirement that an
Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study be carried out for this and similar projects. The
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of which this report is the main part, presents the
findings of the EIA study to identify both positive and negative impacts together with
recommendations to mitigate potential negative impacts and to enhance benefits
Kafubu Mall Limited has appointed the consultant to undertake an EIA to comply with the
Environmental Protection and Pollution Act of the Laws of Zambia and subsequent Statutory
Instrument No. 28 of 1997 (Environmental Impact Assessment) regulations
Project Objectives
The key objectives of this project are as follows:
13
To increase shareholders wealth and value through profit generation by operating on a

sound commercial basis.
To offer a one stop shopping and entertainment experience for the people of Ndola and
surrounding areas.
To provide a modern shopping and entertainment experience for international visitors to
the city of Ndola.
To contribute towards the modernization of the city of Ndola and support the increased
affluence and spending resulting from the booming mining industry and its support
sectors.
To contribute in a limited way towards improving the quality of life for the people of
Ndola and surrounding areas by offering quality and international class shopping and
entertainment facilities, and employment.
We are convinced that this project will meet the above objectives once implemented and
fully operational.
Location
The shopping mall will be situated in the central commercial business area; it will cover
23683m2 and the floor of about 11623m2..The shopping mall will be accessed from the
president Avenue opposite Kundalila flats.
Arc 1950 coordinates
EASTINGS
NORTHINGS
67795.104
8564499.761
677948.972
8564621.367
678035.833
8564527.061
677891.892
8564410.419
The Proponent
Kafubu Mall Limited is a private property holding company, which was registered on 16
May 2012. Kafubu Mall Limited shareholders have a diversified portfolio throughout
South Africa, which includes offices, warehouses and shopping centers. Kafubu mall
14
shareholders have been managing a number of properties in Melrose, Johannesburg

South Africa.
Position
Name
Residential Postal
Percentage shares
Address
Director
Rajarathnam Ravi
Flat 1,2 Dolphin
Sankar
court,Kanini,p.o box
70998,Ndola
Director
Steven Bernard Herring
Suite 9A-1st
Floor,3Melrose
Boulevard,Melros
ARCH
Johannesburg,216 RSA
Director
Musonda Mulenga
ZAMTEL Complex
Kambikambi
Northrise, P.O Box

70998 Ndola
Particulars of shareholders:
15
Secretaries
Moores Rowland Ndola
4th Floor Compensation
Corporate Services
House Broad way P.O
Limited
Box 70998 Ndola
Total proposed project investment: US$ 7 Million
Proposed Project Implementation Date: March, 2013
CONTACT DETAILS
Name of Developer
Kafubu Mall Limited
4th Floor Compensension House

Address of Developer
Broadway Ndola
Zambia
Telephone Number of Developer
Tel +260 212 610297

FAX 260 212 617776
Person Responsible for the project

Project coordinator

Mwimba Nkosha
Mansansa Close
Plot #224/A Rhodespark
P.o Box 32379
Lusaka
Phone 0976926817/0978811345
16
Relevant Legislation

EIA Legislative Requirements
According to the EMA of 2011, Section 3 (1) of the Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) Regulations, states that, a developer shall not implement a project for which a
project brief or environmental impact statement is required under these Regulations,
unless the project brief or the environmental impact statement has been concluded in
accordance with these regulations and the Zambia Environmental Management Agency
(ZEMA) has issued a decision letter.
Kafubu mall limited has commissioned this study as part of its corporate responsibility
to comply with the prevailing environmental laws in Zambia so that key environmental
issues associated with the project are identified and suitable measures that can mitigate
the potential adverse impacts are put in place.The following legislation were reviewed
17
The Environmental Management Act of 2011 (EMA)
National Council for construction Act

Town and Country Planning Act, Chapter 283
Forest Act, Chapter 199
Water Resources Management Act No 21 of 2011
National Heritage Conservation Commission Act
The Land Act of 1995
The Lands Acquisition Act No. 2 of 1970
Mines and Minerals Act, Chapter 32
Road and Traffic Control Act, Chapter 464
Local Government Act, Chapter 281
Public Health Act, Chapter 295
Factories Act, Chapter 441
Petroleum Act, Chapter 439
.
Energy Regulation Act, Chapter 436

International and Regional Conventions
Project Description
The mall will have two landscaped courtyard spaces, which can be used for meetings,
performances, or open market space hence enhancing social interaction. The courtyard
also breaks the monotony of built up space and provide leisurely atmosphere. Surface
parking of approximately 275 vehicles plus 43 taxis near the road will cater for vehicles.
This wide separation of parking will provide convenient flow of vehicles.
18
Subject to approval of this EIS by the ZEMA, project implementation is schedule to

commence in the first quarter of 2013. Construction of the Shopping Mall will take
approximately 3 years.
Decommissioning and closure will depend on future economic and technological
conditions over the life of the Project.
Potential Impacts and Mitigating Measures
The construction of the mall will be done on the virgin land. The Construction of the
shopping mall is likely to cause an increase in a number of people as well as vehicular
traffic. The major negative environmental impacts have been indentified as:
Biophysical Impacts
Disfigurement to the project area due to construction activities
Increased air pollution from increased vehicular traffic.
Increased noise nuisance both during construction and operation phases
Irreversible environmental destruction from construction activities such as
deforestation, borrow pit digging and camping site for construction workers
Disfigurement to the landscape from construction wastes and borrow pits
River siltation from eroded soil and silt from incresed run-off due to disturbance of
sub-soil structure
Oil and gasoline spills from construction equipment and plant maintenance activities
Littering domestic refuse and sewarage waste from construction camps
Increased particulate matter (diesel) and dust.
Socio-economic Impacts:
Increased access to tourist facilities
General improvement in local livelihoods due to synergistic impacts of positive
effects of the project
Increase in revenue to local authorities and institutions from communications, land
rates, licences and personal levy
Changed human settlement patterns due to increased population who may be
attracted to the area
Creation of employement opportunities during the construction and opreation phase
Increased trade opportunities in the community due to increased population
Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
19
An Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan covering the construction and

operational phases will be elaborated. The plan will comprises elements to be
incorporated in the detailed design of the project. The responsibilities of the Kafubu
Mall, the Contractor and of the various public authorities will be clearly defined.
Environmental monitoring and enforcement will be stated along with the output from
such monitoring activities. Monitoring responsibilities will be specified for the
responsible authorities, ZEMA, the developer and the Contractor.
The KML EIS TEAM

The EIA team comprises the following experts:
NAME
POSITION
Cuthbert Makondo
Environmental and
Natural Resource
specialist
Mwimba Nkosha
Social Economist
Kennedy Chileshe
Civil Engineering and

Hydrology
Habene Habenzu
Structural Engineering
and Material Testing
SIGN
Conclusions and Recommendations

The findings from the study indicate that the socio-economic benefits of the
construction of a shopping mall to the communities in the project area of influence
outweigh the no-development scenario. The project is therefore being recommended
for implementation provided that the recommended mitigating measures with the
implementation of the Impact Mitigation Plan and Environmental Monitoring Plan are
undertaken.
20
1.1 Project Background

Zambia has vast potential for sustainable economic development through effective
exploitation of its natural resources. One of these areas is through the exploitation of its
vast land resources through property development. The other is the naturally occurring
Tourism potential. Both have greatly contributed to the creation of employment, foreign
exchange, local economic growth, and improving of the aesthetics of the nation at large.
With the growth of its fund and coupled with lack of assets in the market which could
yield real rates of returns, Kafubu Mall Limited has decided to enhance its investments
in property development for Commercial use on the Copperbelt Ndola to be specific. As
21
a consequence, Kafubu Mall Limited is intending to construct a shopping mall that will
be called Kafubu Mall of 32 shops covering about 11623m2. Therefore these EIS is
prepared by the Consultants on behalf of the client Kafubu Mall.
The Management of Kafubu Mall are the executing agency while the contractor will be
responsible for the implementation of this project. The main objective of the
construction of the shopping mall is to secure access to goods and services that are
efficient in answering to peoples needs, thereby making a significant contribution to
realizing and developing Zambia's economic potential. In addition to investment and
wealth creation, was to add beauty to the city of Ndola and bring vibrancy to the new
and up and coming part of Ndola destined to be a high end area.
The Process of Constructing a shopping Mall

The process leading to final construction of the shopping mall works is organized under
four main areas namely; preparatory works, organizing project implementation,
approval and awarding of contracts and supervision of physical works.
1.1.1.
Preparatory Works
This include selection of the Mall, field assessment (Construction interventions,

surveys, collection of data, etc), preparing improvements plans (preparing of technical
specification, local maps and standard cross sections for works to be carried out and
calculations of bill of quantities) preparation of EIA contract clauses.
1.1.2.
Tendering Process
This process involves invitation to tender, making tender documents available to prequalified or registered contractors, organizing pre-tender site visits, issuing tender
notices, receipt and opening of tenders, tender evaluation, and contract negotiations and
awarding of tenders.
1.1.3.
Organizing Implementation of a Project
This process involves giving notices to the contractor to commence work, liaising and
reporting to the employer/ client and liaising with contractors on the work programme
and mobilization of staff, workers and equipment.
22
1.1.4.
Approval and Awarding of Contracts
This process entails obtaining performance bond, insurance of work and workers, giving
notice to contractor to take possession of site, obtaining contractors work programme
and mobilization of staff, workers and equipment.
1.1.5.
Supervision of Physical Work
This involves day to day monitoring of physical progress of the workers, application of
conditions of contract, enforcement of specifications, measuring of works with
contractors' representatives, quality control in form of materials testing at laboratory and
on site, certification of work done, preparation of interim payment certificates, control
of material and equipment on site, issuing of site instructions and variation orders and
settlement of disputes (arbitration, conciliation, etc).
THE PROPONENT
Kafubu Mall Limited is a private property holding company, which was registered on 16
May 2012. Kafubu Mall Limited shareholders have a diversified portfolio throughout
South Africa, which includes offices, warehouses and shopping centers. Kafubu mall
shareholders have been managing a number of properties in Melrose, Johannesburg
South Africa.
Particulars of shareholders:
Position
Name
Residential Postal
Address
Director
Rajarathnam Ravi
Flat 1,2 Dolphin
Sankar
court,Kanini,p.o box
70998,Ndola
Director
Suite 9A-1st
Floor,3Melrose
Boulevard,Melros
ARCH
Johannesburg,216 RSA
Director
Musonda Mulenga
ZAMTEL Complex
Kambikambi
Northrise, P.O Box

23
70998 Ndola
Secretaries
Moores Rowland Ndola
4th Floor Compensation
Corporate Services
House Broad way P.O
Limited
Box 70998 Ndola
Total proposed project investment: US$ 7 Million

Proposed Project Implementation Date: March, 2013
CONTACT DETAILS
Name of Developer
Kafubu Mall Limited
4th Floor Compensension House

Address of Developer
Broadway Ndola
Zambia
Telephone Number of Developer
Tel +260 212 610297

FAX 260 212 617776
Person Responsible for the project
Project coordinator
Mwimba Nkosha
Mansansa Close
Plot #224/A Rhodespark
P.o Box 32379
Lusaka
Phone 0976926817/0978811345
Project Rationale
Zambia is experiencing a growing economy as reflected by the GDP rated at 5.4% in
2011 and is expected to grow in the coming years, and comparing favorably with
general economic growth in the region. With a population currently estimated at
455.194, Ndola has experienced rapid urbanization in recent years, which has
resulted in demand for more modern infrastructure. The city is thus facing a number of
challenges,
which
include
inadequate
parking,
lack
of
appropriate
accommodation, traffic congestion due to the increasing number of vehicles and

overstretched designed traffic routes through the City Centre from north and south
24
and the need to service expanding areas and new development nodes. These areas
include:
Northrise
Kansenshi
Itawa
Mushili
Lubuto
There is an urgent need to address the inadequacies of existing infrastructure and to
meet a growing demand for modern facilities in the office and retail market, the
residential market and the hotel and hospitality industry as well as leisure
market.The current situation obtaining in the property market in include
25
1.4 Proposed location and site MAP

The location plan as prepared by Kafubu mall Limited for this project is provide below:
The shopping mall will be situated in the central commercial business area; it will cover
23683m2 and the floor of about 11623m2..The shopping mall will be accessed from the
president Avenue opposite Kundalila flats.
Table 2: Arc 1950 coordinates
EASTINGS
NORTHINGS
67795.104
8564499.761
677948.972
8564621.367
678035.833
8564527.061
677891.892
8564410.419
26
1.5 Project Objectives

The key objectives of this project are as follows:
To increase shareholders wealth and value through profit generation by operating on a
sound commercial basis.
To offer a one stop shopping and entertainment experience for the people of Ndola and
surrounding areas.
To provide a modern shopping and entertainment experience for international visitors to
the city of Ndola.
To contribute towards the modernization of the city of Ndola and support the increased
affluence and spending resulting from the booming mining industry and its support
sectors.
To contribute in a limited way towards improving the quality of life for the people of
Ndola and surrounding areas by offering quality and international class shopping and
entertainment facilities, and employment.
We are convinced that this project will meet the above objectives once implemented and
fully operational.
Objectives of the EIA

As earlier stated, the study was carried out in partial fulfillment of the
requirements of the EIA Regulations to identify potential negative and positive
impacts of the project and provide mitigation measures for negative impacts and
enhancement measures for positive impacts respectively.
We have provided mitigation measures to mitigate the negative impacts. We have also
recommended enhancement plans to enhance positive impacts of the project. An
environmental Management Plan has been presented in this report to provide clear
steps designed to ensure focused implementation of the recommended mitigation
and enhancement measures.
27
We trust the information contained herein meets the requirement of the

Environmental
Council
of
Zambia
and
warrants
them
to
authorize
the
implementation of the KML project.
Scope of the EIA

To determine the environmental implications of the construction of the shopping mall,
an EIA must be undertaken according to the Environmental Protection and Pollution
Control Act (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regulations of 2011.
Kafubu mall limited has identified a pieace of land for the construction of the shopping
mall, which also encompasses an environmental impact assessment. The EIA will assess
the impacts from the construction and evaluate the alternatives. The existing pieace of
land has been included with a "zero-alternative", in case the construction on the
proposed land does not take place.
The EIA will determine whether the Construction of the shopping mall will have
significant adverse or beneficial impacts on the environment during the construction
phase and operational life of the mall, and it will also recommend measures for
mitigation of negative environmental effects through the preparation of an
environmental management and monitoring plan.
The scope of the study is outlined in the Scoping Report and Terms of Reference
(November 2012) as reviewed, commented and approved by the Environmental Council
of Zambia. The output from the EIA is this Environmental Impact Statement (EIS)
comprising of an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan (EMP).
Study Approach and Methodology
The EIA process took place from October 2012 to November 2012, and involved the
following steps:
28
Review of the existing environmental information and legislation
This included review of the Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act and its
subsidiary legislation and other relevant Acts and international conventions.
Initial environmental survey at the proposed Shopping mall
This task involved collecting data around the project areas and identifying areas
requiring detailed investigations, which include sensitive areas.
Scoping
The scoping exercise included consultative meetings and discussions with relevant
government institutions at national, provincial and district level, local communities,
representatives from NGOs and community based organizations and residents from
communities around the project area. Letters stating the objectives of the project and
requesting local participation and consultation in the process were also distributed.
Responses from the consultations and discussions provided the relevant background
information and helped identify major environmental concerns of the communities
around the proposed shopping mall for the detailed EIA process.
Identification of the magnitude and significance of the principal impacts
Impacts will be evaluated in terms of magnitude and significance. There are four
groupings of impacts on the environment, which will be evaluated for the duration of
the project namely;
Physical environment
Biological environment
Socio-economic environment
Cultural environment
29
These impacts may be positive (beneficial) or negative (adverse) and will be classified
as low, moderate or high to the extent their effects will be described quantitatively in
terms of environmental costs and benefits. Effects may be direct or indirect, short term,
intermediate or long term.
The impacts will be assessed during the following stages of the project:
Pre-Construction (Design) Phase
Construction Phase
Operational Phase
It will be important that the likely impacts are defined and evaluated at an early stage of
the planning process. This was done through scoping the specific impacts and their
implications which are pertinent to the shopping mall project so that alternatives can
then be investigated and changes can be incorporated at the design stage. Other
measures will also be identified which can be taken into account during design and
construction phases that would enhance the environmental quality of the shopping mall.
Identification of appropriate mitigation measures and/or design changes to

eliminate or reduce the identified impacts
The mitigation measures will be considered to reduce the effect of the development on
the surrounding environment. Wherever possible recommendations will be made to
mitigate against impacts on the physical, biological, socio-economic environment and
cultural environment.
Formulation of an environmental management and monitoring plan
The report will include a plan for monitoring and implementation of mitigation
measures during construction and operation. Mitigation plans should be included in the
tender document to form part of the overall construction contract.
30
Environmental Impact Assessment Team
Table 1: The EIA team comprises the following experts:

NAME
POSITION
Cuthbert Makondo
Environmental and
SIGN
Natural Resource
specialist
Mwimba Nkosha
Social Economist
Kennedy Chileshe
Civil Engineering and

Hydrology
Habene Habenzu
Structural Engineering
and Material Testing
31
POLICY, LEGAL AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK

Environmental Policy Framework and Strategy
1.1.6.
The National Conservation Strategy (NCS) is the forerunner to environmental

legislation in Zambia. The NCS was adopted by the Government of Zambia in 1985 and
led to the enactment of the Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act in 1990
and provided for the establishment of the Environmental Council of Zambia
(ZEMA)which became operational in 1991. The NCS provided guidance for the
sustainable development of Zambia through the use and conservation of natural
resources within a centrally planned and controlled economy. However, in 1992, the
National Environmental Action Plan process was established to update the NCS, to meet
the demands of an economy undergoing liberalization and to update technical
information.
Environmental Legislative Framework
1.1.7.
Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act, Chapter 204
The Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act (EPPCA), Cap 204, Part IV to
VII sets the role of ZEMA in setting environmental quality standards for waste, water,
air, pesticides and toxic substances, noise, ionising radiation and natural resources
conservation. In 1997 an amendment to the EPPCA established the Environmental
Impact Assessment Regulations, Statutory Instrument No. 28 of 1997 for conducting
and review of Environmental Impact Assessment of certain projects such as this one .
The Zambia Environmental Management Agency being a Statutory body is mandated to

enforce the provisions of the EPPCA on natural resource management and pollution
control for the protection of the environment.
1.1.8.
EIA Legislative Requirements
According to the EMA of 2011, Section 3 (1) of the Environmental Impact Assessment
(EIA) Regulations, states that, a developer shall not implement a project for which a
project brief or environmental impact statement is required under these Regulations,
unless the project brief or the environmental impact statement has been concluded in
32
accordance with these regulations and the Zambia Environmental Management Agency
(ZEMA) has issued a decision letter.
Kafubu mall limited has commissioned this study as part of its corporate responsibility
to comply with the prevailing environmental laws in Zambia so that key environmental
issues associated with the project are identified and suitable measures that can mitigate
the potential adverse impacts are put in place.
The Environmental Management Act of 2011 (EMA)
This Act was passed in the year 2011 and its the Principal Act governing, managing
and regulating environmental issues in Zambia. Its main functions include the protection
of the environment and control of pollution, in particular to provide for the health and
welfare of people, animals, plants and the environment.
Specifically, Section 3(1) of the EIA Regulations states that, a developer shall not
implement a project for which a project brief (EPB) or environmental impact statement
(EIS) is required under these Regulations, unless the project brief or the environmental
impact statement has been concluded in accordance with these regulations and the
Environmental Council of Zambia has issued a decision letter.
Prescribes the conducting of an environmental impact assessment and the development
of impact mitigation measures. The Complianc is that the developer needs to Prepare
an impact assessment and submission of an EMP thereafter.
The contents of an Environmental Impact Statement shall be prepared to include the
following elements:
A description of the project;
A description of the site;
A description of the raw material inputs, technology, processes, products and byproducts;
A description of the site surrounding environment;
A description of the environmental effects;
A description of the socio-economic impacts;
Impact management Plan
33
EIA Legislative Requirement for Construction of a shopping Mall
This anticipated project falls under the Second Schedule of the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) Regulations of the Environmental Protection and Pollution Control
Act
(EPPCA), and its various Instruments. Provided for under this Act is the
requirement that an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study be carried out for
this and similar projects. The Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of which this
report is the main part, presents the findings of the EIA study to identify both positive
and negative impacts together with recommendations to mitigate potential negative
impacts and to enhance benefits.
Therefore the EIA process was conducted in line with the provisions of these EIA
Regulations.
Other Acts Reviewed Relevant to the Construction of a shopping Mall
The Acts below have also been reviewed in order to ensure that the project complies
with other relevant existing laws that have a bearing on environmental management.
1.1.9.
National Council for construction Act
This is an act to provide for the establishement of the national Council for construction
and to define its function; to provide for the promotion and development of the
construction industrial in Zambia; to provide for the registration of the contractors to
provide for the affiliation to the council of professional bodies or organisation whose
members are engaged in activities related to the construction industry; to provide for the
regulation of the construction industry; to provide for the regulation of the construction
industrial; to provide for the establishement for the construction school; to provide for
the training of persons engaged in construction or in activities related to the
construction; and provide for matters connected with or incidental to the fore-going.
The construction of the shopping mall will be undertaken in accordance with the
National Council for Construction Act that will aim to promote the construction
industry, it will also use trained and qualified persons as well as registered contractors.
34
1.1.10. Town and Country Planning Act, Chapter 283

The Town and Country Planning Act, came into force in 1962 and provides for the
control, use and change of land use zones and reservations for various purposes, eg.
siting of work sites. It also provides for the compensation of those affected by planning
decisions and regulated development subdivisions.
The construction of the shopping mall project will be undertaken in accordance with the
approved land use plans as provided for under the Town and Country Planning Act.
1.1.11. Forest Act, Chapter 199

The Forest Act, passed in 1974, provides for the establishment and management of
National and Local forests, conservation and protection of forest and trees, and licensing
and sale of forest products. The Act prohibits the felling, collecting or injuring of forest
products in protected forest areas or forest reserves, unless a license has been obtained
to do so. It also prohibits excavation, construction, and operation of machinery within
the forest reserves or protected areas.
Forest reserves currently cover approximately 10% of the country and are intended for
the conservation and development of forest resources, as well as providing protection to
watersheds.
The Act also provides for the protection of 6 tree species nationally whether in a
protected area or outside it. These are as follows:
Entandrophragma caudatum
Mountain Mahogany
Khaya nyasica
Red Mahogany
Pterocarpus angolensis
African Teak
Afzelia quanzensis
Pod Mahogany
Faurea saligna
Beechwood
Baikiaea plurijuga
Teak
35
During biological/ecological investigations protected tree species have not been found
around the project area.. During the construction of the mall, these species would have
been addressed.
1.1.12. Water Resources Management Act No 21 of 2011

An Act to establish the Water Resources Management Authority and define its functions
and powers; provide for the management, development, conservation, protection and
preservation of the water resource and its ecosystems; provide for the equitable,
reasonable and sustainable utilisation of the water resource; ensure the right to draw or
take water for domestic and noncommercial purposes, and that the poor and vulnerable
members of the society have an adequate and sustainable source of water free from any
charges; create an enabling environment for adaptation to climate change; provide for
the constitution, functions and composition of catchment councils, sub-catchment
councils and water users associations; provide for international and regional cooperation
in, and equitable and sustainable utilisation of, shared water resources; provide for the
domestication and implementation of the basic principles and rules of international law
relating to the environment and shared water resources as specified in the treaties,
conventions and agreements to which Zambia is a State Party; repeal and replace the
Water Act, 1949; and provide for matters connected with, or incidental to, the
foregoing. The Act also establishes the pollution of public water as an offence, although
the Water Pollution Control Regulations are established by the EPPCA.
The project will comply with the provisions of the Act by ensuring that storm water
disposal structures intended to control runoffs from the mall into the aquatic
environment (both surface and groundwater) are part of the overall detailed designs for
construction of the shopping mall.
1.1.13. National Heritage Conservation Commission Act

The National Heritage and Conservation Act established the National Heritage
Conservation Commission (NHCC), which is responsible for the conservation of
ancient, cultural and natural heritage, relics and objects of aesthetic, historical,
prehistoric, archaeological
or scientific interest
by preservation, restoration,
rehabilitation, reconstruction, adaptive use and good management. The Commission

also provides regulations for archaeological excavation and export of relics.
36
If a development is unable to proceed without affecting an item of heritage, permission

must be sought from the NHCC as outlined in Sections 35 and 36 of the National
Heritage Conservation Commission Act.
During the surveys and detailed EIA investigations items of heritage were not found
near the project area, but if fund will be addressed in accordance with the mitigation
measures provided in the management plan in this report.
1.1.14. The Land Act of 1995

The Land Act of 1995 was enacted to guarantee peoples' right to land while enhancing
development. The Act recognizes the holding of land under customary tenure and the
Chiefs role has been legally recognized, such that land cannot be converted or alienated
without approval of the chief.
The developer worked closely with the local community and has obtained consent from
Area Councillors and local authorities of Ndola Communities during the EIA process
and will continue to do so during final shopping mal construction works.
1.1.15. The Lands Acquisition Act No. 2 of 1970

Land acquisition is governed by the Lands Acquisition Act No. 2 of 1970. The Act sets
out regulations for compulsory acquisition of land and property and compensation for
such acquisition. The president (his designated and authorized person) may acquire any
property in the interest of the Republic. Notice shall be given in person not less than two
months in advance and shall be gazetted. Compensation for acquired property, losses
and damages shall be paid as may be agreed or, finally determined by the National
Assembly in case agreement on compensation is not reached within six weeks after
publication in the Gazette. Any disputes except for disputes related to the amount of
compensation may be instituted for court proceedings. The Act also provides for
compensation to be granted by allocation of new land to the property owner.
The Act instituted a Compensation Advisory Board to advise the Minister of Lands in
assessment of compensation payable under the Act. The functions of the Board have
been delegated to various committees. Various forms to be used in proceedings of
property acquisition are prescribed in the statutory Instrument No. 60 of 1970.
37
The developer will confine the construction works within the proposed project reserve
area to minimize impacts in the immediate environment.
1.1.16. Mines and Minerals Act, Chapter 32

The Mines and Minerals Act Cap 32 of 1976 regulates activities relating to mines and
minerals operations including quarrying and provides for regulations for environmental
protection during prospecting and mining activities and rehabilitation of the areas
mined. Further, the Ministry of Transport and Communications, Environmental
guidelines Section 7.6 (2) states that:
Contractors shall obtain licenses from the Ministry of Mines to operate borrow pit
areas and 7.10 (6) states that Contractors shall obtain mining licenses for quarrying.
In this project quarrying for gravel material will be carried out and rehabilitation of the
quarries created in the process will be carried out based on the mitigation measures
outlined in this document and in the subsequent Environmental Project Brief for a new
borrow pit.
1.1.17. Road and Traffic Control Act, Chapter 464

The Road and Traffic Control Act, provides for the control of traffic, and for the
regulation of storm water disposal structures.
In this shopping mall construction project, requirements for storm water disposal
structures along the access road as provided for under this Act are part of the overall
designs for the shopping mall.
1.1.18. Local Government Act, Chapter 281

The Local Government Act allows the Council to implement environmental protection
and natural resources management functions, which include prevention of pollution of
water supplies and undertaking of mining operations.
38
For instance, the Act would support the location and restorations of borrow pit sites,
subject to approval by the relevant Government Departments and Local Communities in
the areas in which they are located.
Location and sitting of camps and borrow pits will be undertaken with consultations
and consent from the local community and approval from relevant Government
Departments. In the case of opening a new borrow pit this will require approval from
the Zambia Environmental Management Agency by way of undertaking an
Environmental Project Brief.
1.1.19. Public Health Act, Chapter 295

The Public Health Act empowers a Council to prevent diseases and pollution dangerous
to human health and to any water supply for domestic use.
The project will ensure that measures to prevent diseases and pollution dangerous to
human health and to any water supply are taken into account through the provision of a
drainage control system.
1.1.20. Factories Act, Chapter 441

The Factories Act provides a framework for the setting of regulations to ensure the
safety, health and welfare of persons employed on construction work sites and in
factories. The Act is applicable during the shopping mall construction.
The project will ensure that the safety, health and welfare measures and facilities of
workers during the construction of the mall will be in accordance with the provisions of
the Factories Act.
1.1.21. Petroleum Act, Chapter 439

The areas of the Petroleum Act of relevance to this project are regulations for the
conveyance and storage of petroleum, inflammable oil and liquids e. g. jet A fuel,
paraffin and diesel.
Where petroleum products shall be transported to or stored on site this shall be done in
compliance with the provisions of the Petroleum Act.
39
1.1.22. Energy Regulation Act, Chapter 436

This Act allows for the establishment of procedures for the transportation, handling and
storage of fuels to minimize negative environmental impacts.
Where fuels shall be transported to, handled or stored on site this shall be done in
compliance with the provisions of the Energy Regulation Act.
International and Regional Conventions
Zambia is a signatory to a number of international and regional conventions, the ones

which are related to the environment are listed below:-
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance especially as a Waterfowl

Habitat
Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage
Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Convention on Biological Diversity United Nations Convention to Combat
Desertification
Of the above, only the Convention on the Protection of World Cultural and Natural
Heritage has some relevance for the project in case such are fund on site during
excavation works. The site will be addressed by the project as proposed in this
Environmental Management Plan.
40
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Project Location
The proposed project is located at the junction of T-3 and president Avenue in the
central business area of Ndola, a city on the Copperbelt Province of Zambia . The
province has ten districts.
Figure 1: Map showing the location of the project site

Arc 1950 coordinates
EASTINGS
NORTHINGS
67795.104
8564499.761
677948.972
8564621.367
678035.833
8564527.061
677891.892
8564410.419
41
The shopping complex will accommodate leisure, social and recreational facilities.
These will include shopping, entertainment and administration area of 23683m2. This
includes the parking space.
The mall will be inter-linked by covered walkways. The small retail-shopping units will
vary in size from 48m2 to 450m2. However, the areas can be adaptable to the required
minimums required by the tenant. This also allows for a wide range of tenant mix and
wide range of commodity.
The shopping mall will have adequate provision for full service restaurants and pubs in
the complex and provisions for coffee shops and business caf. A large super store of
about 800m2 as one of the key tenants will be run by a recommended franchise that will
allow for variety of commodities. This will be serviced from the back and fully house
with administration offices, staff canteen kitchens and storage spaces.
The mall will have two landscaped courtyard spaces, which can be used for meetings,
performances, or open market space hence enhancing social interaction. The courtyard
also breaks the monotony of built up space and provide leisurely atmosphere. Surface
parking of approximately 275 vehicles plus 43 taxis near the road will cater for vehicles.
This wide separation of parking will provide convenient flow of vehicles.
Subject to approval of this EIS by the ZEMA, project implementation is schedule to
commence in the first quarter of 2013. Construction of the Shopping Mall will take
approximately 3 years.
Decommissioning and closure will depend on future economic and technological
conditions over the life of the Project.
The project will consist of the following phases:Phase 1 Site Preparation (Year 1),
Phase 2 Construction (Year 1 Year 2),
Phase 3 Operations (Year 2 Year 30), and
Phase 4 Decommissioning and Closure (may not be done).
42
Project Activities.
1.1.23. Phases in Shopping mall construction

The project is made up of four phases namely preparation, construction, operation and
decommissioning phase. Each of the phases comprises a series of activities contributing
to overall attainment of the project objectives. The activities involved in each phase are
elaborated in the sections below.
Pre-Construction (Design) Phase
This phase involves carrying out a survey of the proposed shopping mall. Survey in this
case refers to land investigations, drilling, measurements and pre-works examination of
the site. To facilitate the development of a conceptual design an environmental impact
assessment was undertaken and the key concerns from the study were taken into account
in the design phase. The output from this phase is an environmentally friendlyengineered design for the shopping mall, which has to be implemented in the
construction phase.
Construction Phase
The actual construction of the shopping mall will take place in the construction phase.
The estimated shopping mall works will cover the following activities:
Shopping mall construction

The initial activities during this phase relating to construction management will include:
Establishment of the construction Project Management Team (PMT).

Establishment of a professional Site Inspection Team.
Establish and agree management, inspection, and reporting procedure
The Site Establishment will include the initial construction of the following facilities:
Establishment of site management office and facilities.

43
Maintenance workshop sheds and stores.

Fuel depot / kerb site for the temporary fuel stocks for construction equipment
Establishment of temporary services and builders supply i.e. water supply
Establishment of temporary fencing around the site
There will be labour camp on the project site, although security personnel will be
accommodated on the site. Various plant and equipment to be used during the execution
of civil works will include
Graders
Cranes
Vibrators Rollers
Water Trucks
Bulldozers
Front End Loader
Generator Set 125 KVA
6m Containers
Concrete Mixers
Concrete Pokers Excavators
Water Pumps
Mechanical Tool Boxes
Compressors
Civil Plate Compactors x3
Pedestal Rollers
Tipper Trucks
10 Ton Trucks 4
Construction activities will be repeated as required over the two phased Construction
cycles. The main anticipated project construction activities that will have potential
impacts on the environment are:
a) Site Preparation and Leveling
Initial site preparation will entail removal of the existing infrastructure,

scarifying of topsoil and earthworks to establish the required levels. The project
44
will be constructed by-and large on the existing level requiring minimal basic
earthworks, which will minimise the need for filling of areas with laterite and
aggregates. Earthworks will for the most part involve the use of heavy
machinery such as bulldozers and graders.
b) Construction of Roads and Drainage System
Construction of the roads will involve earth moving and shaping of formation
shoulders, and stabilization of the base with the piling, spreading and
compaction of gravel and aggregate materials on the road.The entrance to the
mall will be opposite Kundalila flats on president avenue studies are underway
to find the best way to incoparate the nearby existing public road network, a
team of expertise from local authority and RATSA including RDA and the
developer are yet to develop the traffic strategy Construction of a bitumen
surface pavement will involve the spreading and compaction of aggregates and
tar materials on the road. Construction of drainage will involve excavation and
shaping of drains and soil compaction. Lined drains will require the preparing
and pouring of concrete.
c) Excavation and Foundations:
This will involve the excavation of trenches for foundation strips for buildings
and trenches for ground water storage tank water, and sewage reticulation
system. The geotechnical survey of the site is indicative that the bearing
capacities of soils are good and the foundation depth and design for the intended
structures will not be complicate.
This will be in accordance with local engineering standards.

Construction of foundations will involve the compaction of underside
of foundation trenches and
Pouring and mixing of concreate
45
d) Sub-structural works and Floor slabs

This will involve block work, mixing, pouring and compaction of
concrete, backfilling and compaction of material according to specifications.
This sub structural works will include the laying of water and sewage
reticulation pipes and underground electrical cables.
e) Construction of Superstructures (shopping mall)
This will involve:
The preparing of mortar and concrete.
Structural steel erection
The laying of concrete block walls.
Fixing of roofs.
Erection of roof trusses.
Installation of finishes and fixing electrical and plumbing fixtures
and fittings.
Landscaping
f) Materials Mobilization, Handling and Storage

This refers to the acquisition, delivery, and storage of materials required for
construction works. Gravel, laterite, and stone aggregates will be acquired and
transported to the site from ZEMA approved quarry sites within the Ndola area.
Provision will be made for bulk storage of materials such as sand, aggregate and
laterite. Petroleum products, such as fuels (petrol/diesel), lubricating oils, hydraulic
fluids and bitumen / asphalt mix will also be sourced. Only limited amounts of these
materials will be stored on site as reliable supply sources will be within close
proximity. A small fuel storage facility of capacity 1000 litres, will be established
on site. Other materials that will be transported and stored include sand, cement and
blocks,
46
g) Maintenance of Machinery
A temporary workshop facility will be constructed on site for the maintenance of
construction vehicles and machinery. This will be combined with the fuel storage
facility.
h) Movement of Construction Traffic and Heavy Machinery

Transportation of construction materials and waste to and from the site will involve
the movement of heavy vehicles on access roads to the project site as well as within the
site. Daily transportation of construction workers will also add to the volume of
construction traffic to the site. Construction activities such as clearing, excavation,
earth moving and mixing of concrete will involve the movement and operation of
heavy plant and equipment on and around the site.
i) Construction Workers Activities

Although no labour camp is planned in the project area, social interaction activities
will undoubtedly result between project workers and local communities. The
project will as much as is possible hire labour from within local communities. Local
market transactions will take place between construction workers and local
communities. Casual sexual relationships may also result from interactions between
workers and the community. A canteen will be established on site to cater for
construction workers. The presence of construction workers will require the provision
of water for food preparation and domestic purposes as well as the provision of
sanitation and health services.
j) Water Abstraction
As mentioned earlier, water will be required for construction, workers domestic and
dust suppression measures. Water will be abstracted from on site water system
provided by Kafubu Water and Sewerage Company at a rate not exceeding 2.5 l/s.
47
k) Waste Management
Waste management during the construction phase will include:
Provision of temporary workers sanitation.
Collection and disposal of domestic waste at ZEMA approved disposal sites.
Transportation and disposal of building waste and rubble.
Collection and disposal of used oils / lubricants according to ZEMA
Requirements and ERB standards
Shopping Mall Design Parameters

The mall will be a single level development covering 11623m2 of floor space catering
for about 32 shop spaces. It will be fully enclosed and air-conditioned. It will have
provision for four (4) anchor tenants. Central to the concept of the development will be
an extensive Food Court area with large enclosed clerestore-lit and landscaped common
seating area that will cater for five (5) sit-down restaurants. The knuckles of the mall
will have three (3) court areas. The shopping mall will also have 273 parking bays at
full capacity and in addition it will43taxis parking spaces the taxi drop off zone.
Fencing
It is recommended that a perimeter fence be provided that secures the entire shopping
mall. The shopping more will be situated in a central business area near some residential
houses so it is necessary to fence off the mall.
Installation of shopping mall furniture
The shopping mall will have to put in place furniture in the forms of signs, demarcations
and lining, safety barriers, culvert beacons, traffic lights. The Project proposes to
introduce all the above-mentioned furniture where appropriate.
48
Communication and Safety Measures
Firefighting equipment and communication system for safety measures on mall will be
installed.
Operational Phase
The main activities that will exist during the operation stage will be those that will relate to the
specific different parts of the development. As indicated in the foregoing, the completion of
each development phase will result into the commencement of the respective operation of the
particular facilities. The completion of the Shopping Mall will open up new avenues to the
populace for consumer shopping, trading in the tenant lots to be provided, and participation in
the varied entertainment packages that will be available. Because of the availability of open
paved spaces, leisure related activities will be highly exploited.
During these operational phases, certain activities that are likely to have an impact on the
environment include:
1) Water Supply As mentioned the average and maximum water demand of the project is
estimated at 2,508 m /day and 4,238 m /day respectively to be sourced from KWSC water
supply. Water will be stored in tanks (Sub-surface, surface or Overhead) in case of water
shortfall.
2) Commuter Traffic The volume of traffic to and from the project area will increase
appreciably once the project is operational. This will especially apply at peak times during the
day with commuter traffic and during peak shopping periods such as weekends.
3) Commercial Activities These will include retail activities at the commercial node.
4). Leisure Activities This includes activities like the shopping, and other entertainment
facilities including restaurants.
5). Estate Management Post Construction Activities relating to estate management will
include:
49
Waste Management
Solid waste management from the commercial node will be the responsibility of the centre
management who will ensure that the area is at all times clean and tidy. The facilities
provided for the separation of waste for recycling and storage will be in enclosed and caged
skips to prevent materials from being blown away from the site. An approved contractor for
disposal in accordance with NCC and ZEMA regulations will collect waste regularly.
Sewer & Storm Water Management Sewer line maintenance will include routing and
flushing the sewer mains, service calls on potentially blocked mains, repair of damaged
mains, and flushing driveway culverts.
Electrical Maintenance & Management The electrical distribution system will be
monitored and maintained on a day-to-day basis. This will be up to the distribution
board at each facility. All internal electrical maintenance will be the tenants
responsibility and must be carried out by an approved electrical contractor.
Water Management The water reticulation system will be monitored and maintained on
a day-to-day basis in conjunction with the KWSC. All internal water supply
maintenance will be the responsibility of the owners and will be carried out by an
approved plumbing contractor.
Vector/Pest Control (mosquitoes and cockroaches) One of the most effective methods
of vector control is Indoor Residual Spraying (IRS). In this method, the inside walls of
mall are sprayed with residual insecticides. Contact with the walls by any of the pests
results in their death immediately or soon afterwards. The other effective method of
mosquito control is that a person sleeps under insecticide treated nets (ITNs). The ITN
works not only by creating a barrier between the mosquito and its intended victim, but
also by killing the mosquito if it gets into contact with the net. The Management will
contract for the annual spraying of public areas of the mall with appropriate pyrethroids
to control mosquitoes and bi- annually with approved pesticide for the control of
cockroaches.
Decommissioning And Closure
Decommissioning and closure is dependent on economic and technological conditions
after the 30-year Project life.
50
Final rehabilitation will includei) Removal (or alternative use) of the redundant Mall infrastructure,
ii) Re-vegetation and re-profiling of the Mall area, and
iii) Post closure environmental monitoring and inspection.
The above-mentioned actions will effectively rehabilitate the Project site.
1.1.24. Sources of Raw materials for shopping Mall

1.1.25. Raw materials During Construction
No Raw Materials
Sources
Mode of
Delivery
Sand - River and Building
Local
Road truck
suppliers
(for concrete and
building mortar)
Laterite
Approved
Road truck
borrow pits
( for foundations and
and quarries
construction of road sub

base )
Aggregates
Local ZEMA
Road truck
approved
(for concrete and construction
suppliers (e.g.
of sub base and pavement of
Oriental and
internal road
Raube
Quarries.
Cement
Local approved
Road truck
supplier (Chilanga
51
(for concrete, mortar and road cement plc

works
5
Asphalt and bitumen
Local
Road truck
ERB
approved
supplier
clay brick
Registered
Road truck
foreign and
local clay brick
suppliers e.g.
Kalulushi
Bricks
Concrete blocks and
To be
Culverts
Road truck
manufacture
d on and off
(for in fills/ building)
Petroleum Products Diesel
site
Local
Road truck
suppliers
(for operation of plant
Local ERB
approved
and machinery)
supplier
Water
for
construction,
Serviced by KWS
Road truck
To be serviced by
To be supplied
dust
suppression and
domestic use
10
Electricity
52
ZESCO
11
General building materials
Local
by ZESCO
Road truck
ZEMA
(e.g. timber for
approved
shuttering, door and
suppliers
window frames
polythene sheeting,
brick force and mesh
for reinforcement,
timber, sewer pipes,
paint e.t.c)
12
Finished products and
Imported
equipment
ensuring
Road truck
compliance
steel
with Zambian
sections ,IBR roofing
standards and
sheets, gypsum board,
regulations
(e.g.
structural
uPVC
and
HDPE
piping,
light
fittings,
switches,
aluminum
fittings,
switches,
window frames, sanitary

ware, brass ware and
finishes, ceramic floor
tiles,
air
conditioners
geysers, sewer treatment

plant,
booster
pumps
etc)
Table2: showing raw materials during construction
53
Raw Material during the Operational Phase

The main raw materials inputs required for the operational phase of the project will include:
1) Water This will be used for both domestic and commercial use. The water supply
demand is as outlined above.
2) Electricity Provisional electricity demand for the project is estimated at 20 MVA.

The actual supply may be even less than this. ZESCO has indicated that this is
within its capacity to supply.
3) Raw Foodstuffs and Sundries This will be required during the
operation of
catering services of the Restaurants. This will also include cleaning chemicals and
products for tertiary treatment of sewerage
1.1.26. Waste Products during Construction Phase

The following waste and by-products are expected to be generated during the
project Construction cycle:
1. Topsoil
This Top soil will result from scarifying of the site.
2. Building rubble
This will include sub-soil removed and any rock rubble generated by blasting (or
other rock breaking activities) during excavation of trenches for foundation strips.
This will also occur during the laying of sewer / water reticulation pipes,
excavations for water features / ground storage tanks for water and fuel, etc. and
other spoil such as rejected concrete, broken blocks and tiles, etc.
3. Solid waste
The other solid construction waste will include material such as scrap timber and
various off cuts and refuse such as discarded packaging (e.g. cement bags),
workers garbage, and domestic waste from workers canteen etc.
4. Used oil
Used oil and lubricants will be generated from routine on-site maintenance of Plant
machinery and equipment.
5. Sewage
54
This will be Sanitary and Sewerage waste generated by the construction

workforce.
6. Runoff
This will be Storm water runoff from the site
7. Dust
Dust will be generated on the site from delivery of material and various
construction activities.
8. Exhaust emissions:
This will be from the operation of vehicles and machinery on site.
1.1.27. Waste Products during Operational Phase

The following by- and waste products are expected to be generated during
operation:
1. Sewage
Average and peak daily sewage flow estimates are based on 80 % return flows of
the volume of water supply. The estimated average sewage volume will be
approximately 1662 m3 /day.
2. Domestic / Commercial Solid Waste:
Shoppers, Tenants and Restaurants will generate domestic solid waste. Solid waste
from Restaurant will typically have a high organic content (e.g. vegetable matter
and rejected foodstuffs). The primary generator of solid waste from shops and offices
in the development will be waste packaging and delivery materials (e.g. card board
and plastics) and waste paper. Shoppers will also deposit some litter. Rewstaurants,
offices and shopping complexes generally do not give rise to hazardous or toxic
wastes.
3. Storm Water
An increase in storm water runoff will result from the site due to the
development of roofed and paved areas, which do not allow infiltration of rain water.
Storm water run off from the parking areas may contain some hydrocarbons from
minor oil or fuel leaks/spills. Storm water run-off typically also contains silt and
suspended solids.
4. Exhaust air:
55
Discharges to air from the kitchens of hotel, vehicles and mall restaurants
5. Vegetative Waste
This will include leaves and grass cuttings from maintenance of landscaped areas of
the estate.
Analysis of Alternative Shopping Mall Construction
It is very unlikely that a different type of scheme would achieve the same level of
infrastructural development as that of the proposed project in terms of surfaced road
network and the implementation of a regulated water supply network.
In addition, many other benefits of the proposed project, such as provision of

employment and numerous multiplier effects on the economy would not be realized if it
were not implemented. The proposed project is fully compatible with general
development in the area and is likely to increase the value of neighbouring properties
and ventures. General and specific environmental impacts, which are anticipated
because of the implementation of the project, are detailed in this report. On balance, is
considered that the proposed project will help to meet an urgent need for new
infrastructure and facilities in Ndola without significant net adverse impacts on the local
and general environment. This will be facilitated by the application of the appropriate
mitigation measures as discussed in this report.
Taking the effect of constructing a shopping mall project on the environment, other
alternatives were taken into consideration. The purpose was to assess the effects of these
alternatives on the environment against expected benefits. The alternatives considered
are:
1) Option A: Do Nothing;
2) Option B: Building on the same given site;
1.1.28.
Option A: Do Nothing;
Option A: Do Nothing;
Option A, Do Nothing Alternative
option, would
mean
that
the
current
environmental assessments and implementation being done on site are brought to a

halt, because the option entails not proceeding with construction of shopping mall
56
2) Option B: Building on the same given site;

Option B: Proceeding with the option of constructing the Kafubu mall on the proposed
site is the developers preferred option as the area has already been given to the
company and title deed issued.
Comparison of Alternatives
An objective assessment of the alternatives implies weighing the impacts of continuing
with the option and not continuing. The No option alternative would mean that the
Mall is not built on the proposed site and all the potential impacts on the environment,
i.e., biophysical, socio-economic and cultural would not occur. Option B would entail all
the foreseeable impacts on the bio-physical, socio-economic and cultural environment
would occur.
From the above, it can objectively be stated that considering the distance from the Ndola
and shortage of land in Ndola for such investments, the proposed site would be ideal for
construction of the mall. The main reason for preparing an Environmental Impact
Statement is to identify all the possible impacts associated with the investment and
formulate the best measures to mitigate them before implementation of the project.
57
PHYSICAL
ENVIRONMENT
OF
PROJECT
SITE
&
ITS
SURROUNDINGS
1.1Topography
The Copperbelt province lies on a plateau that slopes gently from 1,370m in
the north-west to 1,130m in the middle. The province has the Kafue River as
the main river basin that drains the Copperbelt in a wide arc from north to
south and is fed by many tributary rivers and streams principally, the
Lufwanyama, Luswishi, Kafubu and Mwambashi Rivers in the west and the
Kafulafuta River in the east.
Topographically, Ndola district lies on the gentle sloping Copperbelt pen plain
at altitudes ranging between 1,200m and 1,455m above sea level,
approximately 13 0 South and 280 35 East. Ndola has an average elevation of
approximately 1,300 m (1,200-1,450 m) above sea level. There are however
isolated hilly outcrops such as Dola, Nakaputa and Kaloko Hills. Higher
elevation is reached north-west of Ndola, where mountains form the border
with the Democratic Republic of Congo, whereas the elevation drops towards
river valleys in the East and South.
The district is characterised by undulating terrain of less than 100 slopes and
from the project area, the land gently slopes northwards towards the Kafubu
River with an average gradient of 2%. The average elevation is about 1200 m
above sea level.
1.2 Soils and Geology
The Copperbelt region of Zambia and Congo D.R. is a 500 million year old
mountain chain, the Lufilian Arc, which formed when two large pieces of
continental crust, the Kalahari Craton and the Congo Craton, collided. This
collision was one of the many that happened between 700 and 500 million
years ago to form the Gondwana supercontinent.
-1-
This collision is thought to have remobilised base metals, largely already

present in the sediments that had accumulated in the basin between the two
cratons. These brines then concentrated the base metals either along
stratigraphic boundaries, or along fractures, faults or within structurally
controlled 'traps' (such as the nose of afold). The collision also produced
crustal shortening, during which the stratigraphic sequence was techtonically
pushed northwards on top of the Congo Craton.
The Lufilian Arc contains two diamictites, megaconglomerates of glacial

origin. One of those is correlated with the sturtian glaciation, while another
correlates with the Marinoan Glaciation, both global glaciation events that had
profound influence on the history of the planet.
Soil formation in Zambia is strongly influenced by rainfall patterns, as these

affect the degree of weathering and leaching. High rainfall patterns in the
Copperbelt combined with a low nutrient base rock have resulted in leached,
nutrient-poor soils. The soils are deeply weathered, typically lateritic, acidic
(with pH values ranging from 4.0-5.5), generally leached of silica and base
nutrients and enriched in iron and aluminium oxides. The sandy topsoil often
overlies a more loamy and clayey subsoil and the composition of the soils
makes them susceptible to erosion if soil conservation practices are not used.
The soils at the specific project site are mostly laterite on the southern side and
clayey on the northern side.
1.3 Climate
Data from the Ndola Weather Station, located 9km northwest of Bwana
Mkubwa are used to define the regional climate and local weather conditions.
The Ndola Station located at an altitude of 1270m and, because of similarities
in altitude and topography, is considered representative of conditions at the
project area.
Average annual rainfall is approximately 1250mm, with the majority falling

during the summer months of November to March.
-2-
As indicated in Table 1 and Figure11, the 84-year average precipitation for a

24- hour event has been recorded at 28.6cm in January with the lowest being
0.2 in September.(Ndola Met Station 1974-2002)
Table 3:Average precipitation for an 84-year old period

Mont
Jan
Feb
h
cm
Ma
Ap
Ma
Ju
Ju
Au
Se
Oc
No
3.7
0.4
0.2
2.5
13
28.
24.
17.
Dec
27.
8
(Source: www.weatherbase.com)
Recorded temperature for Ndola has ranged from as low as -20C to as high as
360C. Low temperatures have been recorded in the months of April to
September while average high temperatures are usually experienced from
October to March.
Table 4: Average relative temperature
Month
Average
Average
Temperature High
Average
Highest
Lowest
Lower
Recorded
Recorded
Temperature Temperature Temperature Temperature

January
21
27
16
30
12
February
21
27
16
30
12
March
21
27
16
30
12
April
21
27
16
30
12
May
20
28
13
30
June
16
25
28
July
18
27
31
-2
August
21
31
12
33
September 21
32
15
36
October
24
32
15
36
November 23
30
16
34
12
December
28
17
31
11
22
-3-
Average relative humidity rises from October to February and thereafter drops
to as low as 30% in September.
Table 5: Average Relative Humidity for a 3-Year Period

Mont
Ja
Fe
Ma
Ap
Ma
Ju
Ju
Au
Se
Oc
No
De
75
75
69
61
52
47
43
36
30
33
54
71
Wind directions are dominated by winds from the northeast through to the
southwest with maximum gusts ranging from 30 m/s in summer to 22 m/s
during the inter months.
Ambient air quality in Ndola area is generally influenced by a number of

different sources of air pollution. These include industrial sources, brick
ovens, domestic fuel burning and veld burning for agricultural purposes,
charcoal manufacturing and vehicle entrainment of dust on unpaved roads.
Motor vehicles emissions also have some impact on air quality. Biomass
burning from July to September on a regional scale elevates the ambient
concentrations from local sources.
The average wind speed of Ndola is 3.3m/s. A high frequency of light winds
occurs at Ndola, with 40 % of all winds less than 3.4 m/s. The highest
frequency of winds is from the sector east-northeast to east-southeast, with
more than 20% of all winds from the east. The strongest winds occur in this
sector and reach 8.5 m/s on 5 % of occasions, mainly in August and
September. On rare occasions the winds exceed 8.5 m/s.
Ambient air quality data is not available for the project site. However,
observations made during visits showed that the air was generally good.
Visibility was not Impaired no foul smell was observed. Some individuals
working in the environs of the project site where interviewed whether they
have been affected by any form of air pollution. The answer was that they
-4-
have not been affected so much apart from occasional smoke emissions from
plant operations and burning activities.
They also have a feeling that the air quality was generally clean. Being an
industrial area air quality was expected to be compromised but the actual
situation is different due to low industrial activities taking place in the area.
The project site being located in the central business area is vulnerable to noise
pollution. Key sources observed included vehicular traffic, plant machinery
operations and occasional train movement. Occasional noise is also recorded
from neighbouring plant machinery and vehicles on the roads such as T-3,
President Avenue and Chisokone Avenue. However, noise levels are generally
low. Snap survey conducted during the day around the project site using a
Decimeter showed noise levels ranging 50- 85 dB. The main source of noise
peaks observed was vehicular movement.
1.4 Hydrology and Drainage
Surface Water
The Copperbelt province is mainly drained by the Kafue River. The River
flows through the province in a wide arc from north to south and is fed by
many tributary rivers and streams principally, the Luswishi,Lufwanyama,
Kafubu and Mwambashi Rivers in the west and the Kafulafuta River in the
east. The City of Ndola is drained by the Kafubu River, which passes through
most of the town with its tributary streams such as the Kandola stream. Other
tributaries include the Kabushi seasonal stream towards the west. Run off
water from the site drains into Kafubu. However, there are no streams on the
specific kafubu shopping mall plot and its immediate areas of influence.
There are no aquatic water quality standards established for Kafubu river.
However, a study conducted by African Mining Consultants to establish water
quality of the Kafubu River using water collected from Kafubu river about 120
metres away from the proposed site showed that the water was generally of
good quality except for feacal coliforms, lead, iron, chromium, cadmium and
manganese which were above the Zambian Drinking Water Standards of 0/100
-5-
ml, 0.05 mg/l, 1.0 mg/l, 0.05 mg/l, 0.005 mg/l and 0.05 mg/l respectively
check appendix for the results.
Ground Water
Borehole data from sites drilled by Department of water Affairs in the area and
its surrounding indicate that the average depths of boreholes range from 3560m, with the water often stuck at depths ranging from 4-25m. Average
borehole yield from a 165mm bore is in the range of 2.5-11 litres per second
with an average draw down of 30.8 meters. Water samples collected from a
borehole near the proposed site at the golf club about 30 meters away showed
that the water was of good quality and complied with drinking water quality
standards. Check the appendix for the results attached
1.5 Water and Sanitation
All water in Ndola is supplied through a company called Kafubu Water and
Sewerage Company. This campany is charged with the responsibility of
providing water supply and sewerage services to the urban and peri-urban
areas of Ndola. The population coverage to these areas is estimated at 80%
and 60% for water and sewerage services respectively.
The water supply in Ndola is presently derived from both surface and
underground sources, with surface sources accounting for approximately 60%
of the total supply. Surface supplies are derived from the Itawa and Kafubu
impoundment's both of which are situated at the Kafubu River while
underground supplies are derived from two well fields in the Misundu area
developed in the 1980s to augment existing surface supplies.
The City is serviced by three sewage collection systems within two sewage
catchment areas. The first system serves Pamodzi, Chifubu, Kawama,
Kansenshi and parts of Northrise in the northern catchment and conveys
sewage to New Kanini Sewage Treatment Plant. The second system caters for
the Central Town area, Kanini, Hillcrest and remainder of Northrise and
Kansenshi, with sewage being pumped to Old Kanini Sewage Treatment Plant
-6-
through Itawa and Dambo pumping stations. The third system caters for the
southern supply district, and conveys sewage by gravity to Lubuto Sewerage
Treatment Plant. It was noted that sewers in the high cost and central business
district are generally in good condition with only a few blockages being
reported or noticed and Kafubu Water and Sewerage Company usually fix
them. However, most of the sewers in the low-cost housing areas no longer
have the capacity to effectively convey the high sewage flows as they now
cater for populations far in excess of the design capacity, resulting in frequent
flooding. The affected areas in this regard are mainly Chifubu, Main Masala
and Kabushi.
-7-
BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT
Flora and Fauna
1.1.29. Flora and Vegetation

From the point of view of phytochorial classification, the whole of Zambia
belongs (together with Malawi, Zimbabwe, large parts of Angola, Tanzania
and Mozambique) to the so-called Zambezian Region. Most of the region is
covered by savanna-woodland (Kawalika, M, 2004).
The Ndola region belongs naturally to the savanna-woodland type with

significant areas being agriculturally and horticulturally cultivated. The
vegetation of the Copperbelt Province, is covered with 80% Miombo
Woodlands (Brachystegia- Julbernardia), which include Brachystegia
longifolia, Isoberlinia angolensis, Albizia adianthifolia, Ficus brachylepis and
Uapaca kirkiana as the key tree species. Grass mainly comprise of the
Hyperrhenia and Digitaria species which include Elephant Grass (Pennisetum
purpureum).
Ndola has the Mansansa Forest Reserve, located westwards of the City, and
with the Chichele Plantation attached to it. The project site however, is a
brown field, designated as light industrial area whose anthropogenic activities
continue to impact on the floral species of the area. Vegetation at the project
site mostly comprise of ornamental plants with very limited natural vegetation.
Fruit trees include mango, guava and apple trees (see figures 1 and 2 below).
Grass mainly comprise of couch grass (cynodondactylon).
-8-
Figure 2: Fauna around the project area

1.1.30.
Fauna around the project area
The project area is a brown field, designated as an industrial area that has been
affected by years of anthropogenic activities. However, the few faunal species
near the project area are bird species such as tits, crows, pigeons, owls, and
goshawks. Rodents are found around the butter and soap plants. Insect species
found in the general locality of the site include mosquitoes, wasps, bees,
cockroaches, grasshoppers, butterflies, houseflies, aphids and dragonflies.
-9-
SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
Demographic Profile
1.1.31. Major Demographic Characteristics

The 2010 Census of Housing and Population show that currently, Ndola has a
total population of 455, 194 of which, females constitute 51% and males
49%.The most densely populated area in Ndola is Ndola Central Constituency,
which includes high density residential areas such as Nkhwazi, Yengwe,
Chipulukusu and Twapia, in addition to the low density areas of Kansenshi
and Kanini. Unfortunately, the report does not categorise population by
residential area but by ward.
Table 6: Population distribution in the project planning area

Ward
Households
Male
Female
Total
Kanseshi
2,514
6,586
6,369
12,955
Nkwazi
4,600
10,713
10,689
21,402
Yengwe
3,570
9,376
10,689
21,402
Chipulikusu
7,651
18,526
18,814
37,340
Kanini
2,683
6,410
6,708
13,118
Twapia
6,034
14,316
14,819
29,135
Dag
2,335
4,860
5,044
9,904
305
677
663
1,340
Hamarskjoerd
Kaniki
1.1.32. Economic Profile Around the project area

Ndola used to be the largest industrial centre of Zambia but has been
decimated over the years and scores of closed factories and plants can be seen
- 10 -
in the town. A number of former industries such as clothing and vehicle

assembly have gone completely.
Although copper is still Zambias largest foreign exchange earner and the
mainstay of the national economy, the city of Ndola has established itself as a
commercial and light industrial centre of considerable importance, as well as
being the junction and distribution centre for the Copperbelt. Modern
factories, offices and shops line the Central Business District. A big attraction
in Ndola is the annual Zambia International Trade Fair in July.
There are no mines in Ndola itself but a metallurgical plant by Bwana

Mkubwa is only 10 km south-east of the city centre. Copper and precious
metals used to be brought from elsewhere in the Copperbelt for processing at
the Ndola Copper Refinery and Precious Metals Refinery.
Ndola is host to the countrys only refinery, the Indeni Oil Refinery that
supplies petroleum products from Ndola to the whole country. The main
source of employment and livelihood in Ndola is a combination of formal and
informal employment. Formal employment is in the above named industrial
sector covering mining (copper, lime and cement), agriculture (mostly crop
production), food processing, beverages, textiles, saw milling, chemical
industries together with the service industry comprising government service
provision in health, education, sanitation as well as the private sectors
services in the hospitality industry, trade and transport. Agriculture, trade and
crafts dominate the informal sector.
Land-use
1.1.33. Land Tenure Systems

Zambia is divided into three types of land tenure systems namely Native
Reserves (Traditional Land), State Land and Trust Land. The proposed project
site falls under state land with a 99-year title leasehold
- 11 -
Ndola District has a varying range of industrial and economic activities that
form land use activities.
The majority of the population practice subsistence farming with maize being
the major crop grown. This is mainly for household consumption. Some
households are involved in the growing of vegetables such as rape, cabbage
and tomatoes. As referred to above, substantial acreage of land in Ndola is
reserved for the Mansansa Forest Reserve while another piece of land has the
Chichele Plantation on it.
Mining activities in Ndola are not as extensive as in other Copperbelt towns

even though this was the initial centre of mining. However, Lafarge and Ndola
Lime have quarry pits for their cement and lime production respectively while
Bwana Mkubwa mine processes copper ore from Lonshi Mine in the
Democratic Republic of Congo.
The land use activity around the project area is predominantly light industrial
as well as residential and the area is designated as a central business centre
area by the local authority. They are no change in the land use and that no
impacts will be associated with this in line with the development .The project
will also not result in the damage to agriculture assets as well as fisheries. The
council has given a go ahead of the project meaning that land use and other
associated factors were considered check appendix for council approval.
1.1.34.
Settlements
Zambia has five types of human settlements namely cities, municipalities,

district centres, rural centres and villages. Ndola falls under the city status type
of settlements. However, it also has settlements which reflect rural and village
set ups. The proposed project site is an urban setting.
- 12 -
CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT
Cultural Resources
1.1.35.
Archaeological, Cultural and Historical Sites
Sites of historical and archeological importance in Ndola include the original

mine on the copperbelt located at Bwanamkubwa, the grave site for Polish
settlers running away from war also located in Bwanamkubwa area, the Slave
tree and the Dag hamasjoeld memorial site located in the outskirts of the
Central District of Ndola.
There are no archaeological, cultural and historical sites on the proposed

project area. However, if fund during the construction the developer will
report to the National Heritage and Conservation Committee for action as
outlined by law
- 13 -
PUBLIC MEETINGS/ CONSULTATIONS

Approach and Methodology
The method adopted for community consultations was open discussions with
the relevant local institutions at provincial and district level, representatives
from NGOs and community based organisations and residents from
communities living around the proposed site.
Letters stating the objectives of the project and requesting local participation
and consultation in the process were also distributed.
Responses from the consultations and interviews provided the relevant

background information and helped identify major environmental concerns of
the communities around the airport for preparation of this environmental
impact statement.
Key Presentations, Questions and Concerns from the Community
Consultative Meetings
During public consultative meetings with the local communities, the
environmental team gave presentations on the project and also received the
questions/concerns from the community on issues that should be considered
and investigated in the detailed EIA. The key questions/ concerns are
contained in the Scoping Report (October 2012) reviewed, commented and
approved by the Environmental Council of Zambia.
These discussions were centered on:
The airport runway and its surroundings (land-use, natural resources,

water, etc.)
The most important features (market places, gathering sites, schools,
clinics, quarries, borrow pits, access and feeder roads, etc.)
Sensitive areas (protected areas, graveyards, historical sites, etc.)
Where should construction materials be taken from/or not taken from?
Employment opportunities
- 14 -
Benefits (increased trade and transport) and inconveniences (illegal trade,

increased traffic)
Positive or negative experiences with other contractors
Community Concerns
The key community concerns from the public consultative meetings are
summarised below and proposed mitigation measures are elaborated in the
chapters on mitigation measures and environmental management plan.
- 15 -
Table 7: Community Concerns

CONCERNS
Community Concerns
Project site & its surroundings
Concern as to whether the much-talked about shopping will not be just like other malls that have failed to be
complited.
Concern as to what will happen to settlements near the project area in terms of dust pollution.
Concern as to what will the developer do to the fencing during the construction phase .
Concern of illegal sand and stone mining activities.
Quarries & borrow pits
Abandoned borrow pits pose hazards to the nearby community and animals .
Lack of consultation between contractor and local community on the sites for excavation of laterite
Siting of construction camps
Lack of consultation between contractor and local community on the sites for camp sites
Abstraction of water from local
Concern that over exploitation of local water sources for construction works might lead to water shortage to the
sources.
local community.
Investigate the role of the Labour Department in the recruitment of local people.
Employment opportunities
Concern that employment opportunity for local people should not be restricted to unskilled labour but also skilled
labour.
Local government under the community development should be involved in the HIV/AIDS programmes
HIV/AIDS, other diseases and
- 16 -
pregnancies.
Sensitive Areas
Concern that Culture site if fund should be reported to the NHCC

Investigate the flooding at the site area, which occur during heavy rainfall.
Drainage design/Culverts
- 17 -
Table of Community Concerns (Cont'd)
Community Concerns
Project benefits to the local
Concern that the project benefits to the local people are not known.
community.
Concern that the roles of the District Council & the community at project implementation level are not known.
District/Community role in the
Concern that the duration and cost of investment are not known project and the cost of rehabilitation are not known.
project
- 18 -
POTENTIAL ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

Construction of the shopping mall will adversely affect the environment and
the communities in the immediate surroundings of the construction site. Many
of these impacts will arise not only at the construction site but also at quarries,
borrow pits and materials storage areas serving the project. In addition,
adverse environmental and socio-cultural impacts will occur during
construction as a result of air and soil pollution from machinery, dust, noise
from construction equipment and blasting; fuel and oil spills, trash and
garbage; and the presence of non-resident labour forces.
Impacts on Land and Soil
1.1.36. Construction Phase

In this phase dust raised from gravel access roads by haulage trucks while
transporting laterite, stone aggregate, cement, lime, petroleum products and
other chemicals may change the soil structure. This impact is considered
insignificant.
Soil contamination will be caused by leakages from the machines operations,

poor handling of petroleum products such as oil and fuel spillage during
dispensing as well as improper disposal of used oils, hydraulic fluids, toxic
and empty oil containers.
Within the construction phase some activities involving site installation, stock
piles preparation, quarrying, construction of detours, access roads, plant park
sites and drainage excavation will cause soil destabilisation. Soil compaction
by plant machinery and vehicles movement will lead to reduced groundwater
yields.
1.1.37. Operational Phase
Abandoned excess laterite and stone aggregate littered around stock pile areas
after construction is completed change the soil structure in the surrounding
- 19 -
areas. Similarly devegetated areas resulting from post excavation and grading
works including drainage channels enhance soil erosion on discharge areas.
Impacts on Vegetation

The vegetation to be affected most is that which is confined to the shopping
mall reserve and where gravel pits will be established. Plant most likely to be
affected are those found in the five vegetation types outlined in Section 5.1
above.
The ecological value of the inundated forests and woodlands to the riverine
ecosystem cannot be ignored in that such vegetation stands contain several
niches for diversity of animal species. Should the design of the shopping mall
confine the extent of land clearing to the limits of the shopping mall reserve,
then this will not affect vegetation in the outlying areas. However, trees within
the shopping reserve should be preserved for ecological and aesthetic reasons
Dust raised from gravel access roads by haulage trucks during the
transportation of laterite, stone aggregate, cement, lime, petroleum products
and other chemicals including emissions from plant machinery and vehicles
hamper normal growth of vegetation. Similarly Poor disposal of toxic waste
and petroleum products hampers normal growth of vegetation.
Loss of vegetation in this phase is caused by activities related to clearing of

sites for installation of works, clearing of the quarry site, preparation of stock
pile area, construction of detours, access roads and park sites and the demand
for fuelwood by labour force.

Laterite dust and littered stone aggregate from the excess construction material
left after shopping mall construction works will hinder normal vegetation
growth around the stockpile areas.
- 20 -
Impacts on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats

The impacts on wildlife around the project area are considered not significant
since the shopping mall is in the middle of the commercial business area.

Impacts on wildlife are not considered significant, as the shopping mall
runway is located in the commercial business centre. This will not have any
disruption of animal movements during the operation of the mall.
Impacts on Water Quality

During construction phase, the bridges, side drains, mitre drains and culverts
will require cleaning, de-silting, reshaping and repair. Some of the drains and
culverts might be prone to soil erosion, which will result in siltation of nearby
watercourses. Also impacts on water quality may be caused by contaminated
run-off of petroleum product spillages, leakages from storage areas and heavy
vehicles, improper disposal of used oils and from hydraulic fluids which enters
the nearby surface water sources. Similarly, easily eroded destabilised soils
may be washed into surface water sources and cause siltation and
sedimentation which will reduce the water quality and impact on aquatic life.
Activities that will give rise to this impact include construction of detours,
access roads, drainage channels, excavation and grading works.
At the project site, the Contractor will set up temporary camp for its labour
force and will require sanitation facilities such as pit latrines. Construction of
sub-standard pit latrines for campsite labour force may contaminate
groundwater due to seepage to the groundwater.

Excess construction material left after construction works may be washed into
the water sources and lead to sedimentation of water sources and lowering of
the water quality. Erosion of bare areas resulting from excavation and grading
- 21 -
works and construction of drainage channels may increase runoff which will
lead to sedimentation and increased turbidity in surface water as well as
reduced groundwater infiltration.
Further hazardous materials spilled from haulage vehicles and washed into
water sources will result in water pollution.
Impacts on Air Quality

During construction phase large amounts of soil will be excavated and
transported. The machinery used for excavation will generate dust, which can
be dispersed by the wind affecting a zone of up to 100m around the
excavation.
Emissions to the air in form of exhaust fumes and dust from vehicles and
machines may cause nuisance to the closest surroundings. Dust raised from
gravel access roads by haulage trucks during transportation of materials will
also pollute the air of the immediate local environment.

Impact on air quality in the operational phase is likely to come from increased
vehicles and vehicular traffic flows which proportionately discharge emissions
to the air. Also loose soils on cleared areas may be blown off during strong
winds and raise dust particulate matter, which may affect the quality of the air.
Impacts of Noise

During construction phase heavy machinery will be used for the excavation of
soil. The machines are noisy and will cause a certain degree of nuisance to the
surrounding environment.
The noise levels of machines and vehicles vary widely and depend on the type
of noise generated and level of activity. A front end loader has for instance a
- 22 -
power level of 100dB(A) while a truck will have a power level of 85 dB(A). In
the worst case a combined power level of 115 dB(A) will be in place during
construction which will result in the 50 dB(A) contour being located at a
maximum 250m from the construction site. However since the equipment will
never work at exactly the same location the 50 dB(A) contour will be confined
to the construction site and within the airport reserve area.
Some common impacts of noise nuisance include annoyance, sleep

disturbance and interference with communication. Acceptable levels of noise
are regarded to be 40 dB(A) during the night and 50 dB(A) during the day.
Since construction will take place during the day only the 50 dB(A) level is of
importance.

During operational phase the source of noise is expected to come from
increased a vehicular traffic. The current noise level at the proposed site is
42.6 dB. The normal acceptable noise level for such activities is 65dB or
CNEL (Community Noise Equivalent Level)
Impacts on Landscape and Aesthetics

Generation of dust during quarrying, equipment movement including land
clearing for stockpiles as well as reshaping during the shopping mall
construction distorts the natural landscape and may degrade areas of scenic
beauty. Further extensive excavations and dumping of stripped top soils in
scenic area spoils the beauty of the areas.

Abandoned structures, which are left near areas of scenic beauty after
construction works, excess construction materials of laterite, stone aggregate
and concrete slabs left in areas of scenic beauty reduces the quality scenery.
- 23 -
Impacts on Land-use and Surrounding Environment

The land-use around the project site is characterised by residential and lodge
activity and commercial business areas. Since there are plans to develop the
shopping mall, major impacts are anticipated to the surrounding environment.
The major source of impact expected is generation of dust by construction
vehicles. However, this activity will be confined to the mall reserve areas and
therefore the impact can be minimised through a programme, which ensures
dust control such as regular watering down the dust areas.

Increased vehicular traffic will entail a proportionate increase in exhaust
fumes and will have an impact to the immediate surrounding environment.
Impacts on Socio-economic Environment

During this phase skilled and unskilled labour will be required. Project areas
are characterised by high level of unemployment and low level of skills and
employment opportunities will therefore increase the positive benefits for the
local people who are in dire need of income for sustenance. Furthermore,
indirect opportunities for employment will arise from the provision of services
to the construction teams, such as sale of food and beverages. In this sense the
construction of the shopping mall may have a positive impact on the
employment situation in the nearby communities. This impact is considered to
be positive.

Socio-economic benefits provided by the construction of the shopping mall
will include all-weather services and goods provision and reliability, reduced
transportation costs, increased access to Banks, food, groceries farm products,
better access to health care and other social services.
- 24 -
Impacts on Cultural and Historic Sites

Within the project area we do not have any cultural and historic sites.But if
fund during the construction works they will be protected under the National
Heritage Conservation Commission Act. The impacts likely to affect the sites
are disturbance due to increased tourist visitations and dust generation from
vehicles during construction. The dust can settle on the site and can disfigure
its outlook. Other activities that may also lead to this impact include location
of stockpile. In addition construction of detours, access roads and campsites
can destroy the site and may lead to loss of cultural heritage.

No additional negative impacts on cultural values are foreseen during
operational phase.
Impacts on Human Settlements

There will be no possibilities of demolition; relocation of any settlement
.Moreover construction work will be confined to the shopping mall reserve
area. The potential impact is considered insignificant.

No direct correlation was determined between migration and construction of
the shopping mall especially that the mall is located on the vergin land with no
settlement. No additional negative impacts on human settlements are foreseen
during the operational phase.
Impacts of Quarries and Borrow Pits

During construction phase, a number of quarries and borrow pits will be
opened up. Potential impacts include vegetation clearance and landscape scars
resulting from the absence of re-vegetation programmes and poor excavation
- 25 -
techniques. Extraction of construction materials from quarries and borrow pits

could generate excessive noise caused by blasting, movement of machinery
and labourers and thus impact on the nearby communities. Also increased air
pollution due to diesel fumes and dust generation resulting from the presence
of construction machinery and site clearing activities.
Quarries and borrow pits impact on the visual and aesthetic view. The
excavated areas become prone to soil erosion during rain season and can
contaminate nearby surface water.

Quarries and borrow pits left abandoned after construction works could be a
potential hazard to ecology and nearby communities and animal population.
Transmission of diseases, such as malaria and their vector can occur in
stagnant water collected in abandoned borrow pits. Malaria that is transmitted
by the anopheles mosquito and diarrhoea are both water-related diseases. Thus
the potential impact from poor extraction techniques and lack of re-vegetation
programmes is considered significant. Further if the quarries and borrow pits
are sited nearby communities the pits could become habitats for dangerous
creatures such as snakes, which can easily attack unsuspecting children
playing in these abandoned quarries and borrow pits.
Impacts of Road Traffic

Construction traffic could negatively impact on undisturbed areas of the
project. The construction process could impede movement of people on the
usual route to livelihood activities.

The vehicular traffic intensity to the mall is likely to increase once the
construction of a shopping mall is complete and the mall becomes operational.
The additional vehicular flow may cause an increased number of accidents on
the road. This additional flow could be because of people going for shopping
- 26 -
or traffic connecting to neighboring communities beyond the shopping mall.

This increase in traffic may cause an increase in the number of accidents. The
types of accidents include those involving vehicles, bicycles and pedestrians.
However, improved sight lines and replacement of road furniture will reduce
some accidents. Overall, the potential impact of an increase in accidents is
considered significant and negative.
Impacts of Work Accidents

During the construction phase heavy machinery will be employed. Heavy
machines make a lot of noise, cause carbon dioxide emissions and generate
dust and may cause accidents among operators if not handled properly. This is
likely to have negative impact on health of the workers. To limit the risk of
accidents, safety procedures will be put in place and enforced by the foreman
to ensure that vehicles and machinery only drive in designated places by
authorised personnel.

As the runway rehabilitation project would have completed there will be no
workers on site and there will be no more impact from this phase.
Impacts of Construction Camps

Construction of camps will require clearance of vegetation and this will result
in loss of vegetation along the route. In addition waste will be produced at the
camps including sewage and petroleum product waste. The potential impacts
are significant and negative.
During construction phase, the construction teams will interact with the nearby
communities and can cause social upheaval and transmit diseases (STDs,
HIV/AIDS) to the communities living along the route. However since the road
has been in existence for a number of years, it is likely that the community has
- 27 -
been exposed to a social change. The impact is therefore considered moderate

and negative.

At the end of the rehabilitation project, construction camps will either be
demolished or handed over to the nearby communities and therefore the
potential impact in this phase is considered insignificant.
- 28 -
EVALUATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

A project such as construction of the shopping mall is likely to affect the
environment and community. The objective of this section is to predict and to
assess these potential impacts of the proposed project to international standard
and to recommend mitigating measures to be incorporated into the project
design.
The assessment of the issues has been conducted according to a synthesis of

criteria required by the integrated environmental management procedure
defined as follows:
Nature of Impact
This is an appraisal of the type of effect the proposed activity would have on
the affected environmental component. Its description should include what is
being affected and in what way.
Direct Impact
An impact that appears immediately as a result of an activity of the project.
For example, the loss of forest habitat is a direct impact of logging.
Indirect Impact
An impact that is related to the project but that arises from an activity of the
project at a secondary level. For example, building a new runway may cause
indirect impacts on the local economy of a village by increasing accessibility
to other markets.
Spatial Extent
The physical and spatial size of the impact. It is a description of whether the
impact would occur on a scale described as follows:
Site, the impact could affect the whole or measurable portion of the site.
Whether it is limited to the immediate area of the proposed project;
- 29 -
Local, the impact could affect the extended area adjacent to the site
perhaps a neighborhood or small town. Whether it would affect environs
up to 15km outside the immediate environment;
Regional, that impact could affect the area including the outlying areas of
the city, the transport routes and the adjoining towns.
National, the impact could be as far reaching international boundaries.

Duration
The lifetime of the impact; this is measured in the context of the life-time of
the proposed development.
Short term, the impact will either disappear with mitigation or will be
mitigated through natural process in a span shorter than the construction
phase.
Medium term, the impact will last for the period of the construction
phase, thereafter it will be entirely negated.
Long term, the impact will continue or last for the entire operational life
of the development, but will be mitigated by direct human action or by
natural processes thereafter.
Permanent, the only class of impact which will be non-transitory.

Mitigation either by man or natural process will not occur in such a way or
in such a time span that the impact can be considered transient.
Intensity
A description of whether or not the intensity (magnitude) of the impact would
be high, medium, low or negligible (no impact). An attempt will be made to
quantify the impacts on components of the affected environment will be
described as follows: Is the impact destructive, or benign? Does it destroy the
- 30 -
impacted environment, alter its functioning, or slightly alter it? These are rated
as follows:
Low, where the impact will not have significant influence on the
environment, and this will not be required to be significantly
accommodated in the project design or implementation; the impact alters
the affected environment in such a way that natural processes of functions
are not affected in any significant way.
Moderate, where it could have an adverse influence on the environment

which would require modification of the project design or alternative
implementation schedules; The affected environment is altered, however,
function and process continue, albeit in a modified way.
High, where it could have significant influence on the environment but

cannot be mitigated or be accommodated by the project environment by
introducing alternative mitigation measures such as realignment at a
particular stretch or adoption of different design measures. Function or
process of the environment is disturbed to the extent where it temporarily
or permanently ceases.
This will be a relative evaluation within the context of all the activities and
the other impacts within the framework of the project. Note that some
impacts have a high intensity and a short duration with no permanent audio
effects.
Probability
This describes the likelihood of the impacts actually occurring. The impact
may occur for any length of time during the life cycle of the activity, and not
at any given time. The classes are rated as follows:
Unlikely, the probability of the impact occurring is very low, due to either
the circumstances, design or experience.
- 31 -
Possible, the impact could possibly happen, and mitigation planning

should be undertaken.
Probable, it is most likely that the impact will occur at some or other stage
of the development. Plans must be drawn up before the undertaking of the
activity.
Definite, the impact will take place regardless of any prevention plans, and
only mitigatory actions or contingency plans can be relied on to contain
the effect.
Determination of Significance
Significance is determined through a synthesis of impact characteristics or
combination of effects. Significance is an indication of the importance of the
impact in terms of physical extent, intensity and time scale, and therefore
indicates the level of mitigation required.
The classes are rated as follows:
Negligible, the impact is not substantial and does not require any
mitigatory action.
Low, the impact is of little importance, but may require limited mitigation.
Moderate, the impact is of importance and therefore considered to have

mitigation. Mitigation is required to reduce the negative impacts to
acceptable levels or positive impacts maximised.
High, the impact is of great importance. Failure to mitigate, with the

objective of reducing the impact to acceptable levels, could render the
entire development option or entire project proposal unacceptable.
Mitigation is therefore essential. Positive impacts should be enhanced as a
priority.
- 32 -
From the baseline information assembled in the previous chapter coupled with
the information gained during the consultation stage, the expected
environmental impacts can be categorised into positive and negative impacts.
In addition, it is important to consider the duration of the impact and at what

phase of the project it occurs, i.e. impacts during the rehabilitation phase or
impacts over the life of the runway (operational phase) and whether the
impacts are direct (i.e. removal of vegetation) or indirect (increased
deforestation as a result of the improved runway).
The direct impacts would be experienced mainly during the rehabilitation

process, and include effects on the physical environment, health and safety of
the residents along the runway and the construction workers during the
rehabilitation phase.
The indirect impacts are primarily socio-economic and extend beyond the
project implementation. The indirect impacts include changes in economic
activities and long-term changes, such as increased land degradation due to
increased settlement and development near the runway.
Unlike the direct impacts, which occur in the immediate environment, the
indirect impacts would be felt in the adjacent regions.
- 33 -
Table 8: Table of Evaluated Impacts:

Phase
Impact
Type of
Spatial
Impact
Extent
Duration
Intensity
Probability
Determination
of Significance
Impacts on Soil
Design
None
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Change in soil texture due to accumulation of
Direct
Site
Medium
Low
Unlikely
Negligible
foreign dust particles falling from haulage trucks.
term
Soil contamination due to improper storage of
Medium
materials, fuels and poor waste oil disposal

Construction
Direct
Site
term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Direct
Site
Medium
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
methods.
Exposed soil is prone to erosion by water or wind.
term
Stripping and stockpiling of topsoil could lead to
Direct
Site
erosion and degradation of soil quality.

Soil
compaction
could
result
term
following
Direct
Site
Soil erosion near runway culverts and drainage
Operational
Medium
Medium
term
Indirect
Local
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
Indirect
Local
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
channels where water velocity could increase.

Soil contamination by waste and spillages of
aircraft.
- 34 -
Design
Construction
None
Retardation
n/a
of
vegetation
growth
due
n/a
to
contamination from dust particles and gas
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Low
Unlikely
Moderate
Moderate
Probable
High
Medium
Direct
Local
term
emissions.
Loss of vegetation due to site clearing which will
lead to loss of habitat and displacement of fauna
Medium
Direct
Local
species, especially avifauna.
- 35 -
term
Table of Evaluated Impacts:

Phase
Impact
Type of
Spatial
Impact
Extent
Duration
Intensity
Probability
Determination
of Significance
Impacts on Vegetation (Cont'd)

Operational
Increased access as a result of the development of
Indirect
Site
Long term
None
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Disturbance to birds and animals and loss of
Direct
Site
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
Indirect
Site
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
Direct
Local
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
Indirect
Site
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
None
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Siltation of water courses due to soil erosion of
Indirect
Local
Long term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
the mall
Low
Possible
Moderate
could lead to increased deforestation
around the mall.

Impacts on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat
Design
Construction
habitat.
Operational
Wildlife loss due to accidental killings caused by

increased traffic to the shopping mall.
Disruption to wildlife routes due to quarries and
borrow pits left in wildlife areas without
rehabilitation.
Noise disturbance to wildlife due to increased
vehicular traffic.

Design
Construction
nearby drains and culverts.
- 36 -
Ground water contamination due to construction
Indirect
Site
Long term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Indirect
Local
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
of sub-standard campsite pit latrines for workers.

Operational
Sedimentation and increased turbidity in surface

water caused by erosion of bare areas and runoffs
resulting from excavation and grading works and
drainage channels left after construction works.
- 37 -

Phase
Impact
Type of
Spatial
Impact
Extent
Duration
Intensity
Probability
Determination
of Significance

Design
None
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Direct
Local
Short term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Direct
Site
Short term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Indirect
Site
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
None
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Noise and vibration caused by construction
Direct
Site
Short term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Indirect
Site
Long term
Low
Possible
Low
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Air pollution caused by diesel fumes and dust

from excavators, bull dozers, graders and as well
Construction
as site clearing will affect human, vegetation and

also disturb habitats for birds, animals and insects.
Unpleasant odours due to un-maintained toilets
and poor waste management.
Operational
Excessive diesel fumes due to un-maintained

equipment fuel stockpiles.
Impacts on Noise
Design
Construction
machinery, equipment and drilling.

Operational
Noise from increased vehicular traffic.

Visual impact of the shopping mall could be
Design
substantial if designs do not consider the slope of

the surrounding environment.
- 38 -
Construction
Disfigurement of the natural landscape and
Direct
Local
Moderate
Moderate
Definite
Moderate
Direct
Site
Moderate
Low
Probable
Moderate
aesthetic view due to reconstruction works.

Abandoned
Operational
construction
structures,
excess
construction materials of laterite, stone aggregate

and concrete slabs left in areas of scenic beauty
reduces the quality of scenery.
- 39 -

Phase
Impact
Type of
Spatial
Impact
Extent
Duration
Intensity
Probability
Determination
of Significance
Impacts on Land-use and surrounding environment

Design
The proposed shopping mall construction might

influence migration and settlement patterns if
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Direct
Local
Short term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
Indirect
Local
Short term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Indirect
Site
Long term
Low
Possible
Low
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Indirect
Local
Short term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
labour requirements are not planned in advance.

Construction of temporary structures will disturb
the environment within the immediate and
Construction
If labour is not recruited from local areas people
who reside far may start to settle near the project
site.
Operational
Exhaust fumes to the surrounding environment

due to increased traffic.

Design
Temporary marriages, casual sex relationships and
Construction
more
chances
of
transmission
of
sexually
transmitted diseases due to interaction of project

workers with local communities.
- 40 -
Operational
Increased accidents due to increased traffic to and
Indirect
Site
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Indirect
Site
Short term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Direct
Site
Long term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Direct
Site
Long term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
from the shopping mall

Design
Poorly developed airport site design could impact

negatively on heritage sites.
Dust may disfigure the appearance of the site
Construction
Construction of detour next to the site may lead to

loss of heritage site. The area has no cultural and
historic sites
Operational
Increased tourist visit may disturb the site
- 41 -

Phase
Impact
Type of
Spatial
Impact
Extent
Duration
Intensity
Probability
Determination
of Significance

Design
Construction
None
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Direct
Site
Long term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Direct
Site
Medium
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
Moderate
Definite
Moderate
Negative impacts on human settlements are not

foreseen since construction works will not affect
any in the area.
Operational
None

Design
Quarries and borrow pit location may negatively

impact on important ecological units.
Construction
Excessive noise from blasting, machinery may
term
Direct
Local
disturb nearby communities.

Operational
Un-rehabilitated borrow pits could pose potential
Medium
term
Indirect
Local
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Moderate
Direct
Local
Short term
Low
Possible
Moderate
hazard to ecological units animal movements and

residents.
Impacts of Road Traffic
Failure to use established routes might result in
Design
surveyors' vehicles negatively impacting on the

environment.
- 42 -
Construction traffic could impact on undisturbed

Construction
Indirect
Local
areas adjacent to the proposed site.

Excessive dust from construction works could
Medium
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
term
Direct
Site
Short term
Low
Probable
Moderate
Indirect
Site
Long term
Moderate
Possible
Low
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Direct
Site
Medium
High
Low
Moderate
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
disturb nearby communities.

Operational
Increased accidents due to increased traffic flow.

Design
Advanced planning of safety equipment may

prevent accidents
Construction
Lack of safety and health regulations could impact

negatively on construction workers.
Operational
None
- 43 -

Phase
Impact
Type of
Spatial
Impact
Extent
Duration
Intensity
Probability
Determination
of Significance

Design
Construction
Advanced planning of construction camp siting.
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Loss of vegetation at construction site.
Direct
Site
Short term
Moderate
Probable
Low
Improper disposal of waste.
Indirect
Site
Short term
Low
Probable
Moderate
Indirect
Site
Short term
Moderate
Probable
Moderate
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
n/a
Interaction of construction workers with the

nearby communities may lead to transmission of
sexually transmitted diseases.
Operational
None
- 44 -
MITIGATION MEASURES
This section proposes mitigation measures for identified potential impacts as
discussed in earlier chapters. Mitigation measures are actions that are intended
to avoid, alleviate or reduce environmental impacts on the environment.
Mitigation measures form a basis on which an Environmental Management
Plan has been formulated. The mitigation measures are set forth to maximize
positive impacts and minimize negative impacts as a result of the proposed
development.
Table 9: Mitigation Measures

Phase
Mitigation Measure
Impact
Impacts on Land and Soil

Petroleum
Soil contamination due to
improper
storage
of
materials, fuels and poor

waste
oil
disposal
methods.
products
dispensing
points shall have drip pans;

Storage of potential pollutants such
as fuel, oil and chemicals should be
done on sealed surfaces to prevent
soil contamination;
Collection and recycling of used oil
& lubricants;
Petroleum storage tanks shall have
bund walls around and shall be
high
enough
to
contain
any
spillage.
Construction
Limitation of earth moving to dry
Phase
periods;
Protection
of
susceptible
soil
Exposed soil is prone to
surface with mulch;
erosion by water or wind.
Protection of drainage channels by

stone pitching;
Installation of sedimentation basins
or planting of erodible surfaces as
soon as possible.
Stripping and stockpiling
Exposed soil should be avoided by
of topsoil could lead to
selective soil stripping;
- 45 -
erosion and degradation of
Areas requiring less clearing shall
soil quality.
be
preferred
for
stock
piles.
Clearing shall be limited to the site

approved by the local authorities.
Soil
compaction
result
could
following
the
Only
heavy
equipment
with
pneumatic tyres shall be used on

site.
Soil erosion should be prevented
Operational
Phase
Soil erosion near culverts
especially
and
construction of correctly designed
drainage
channels
near
culverts
by
where water velocity could
culverts;
increase.
Regular maintenance of culverts &

drainage channels;
ZEMA
disposal;
- 46 -
Regulation
of
waste
Table of Mitigation Measures

Phase
Mitigation Measure
Impact
Impacts on Soil (Cont'd)
Operational Phase
Soil contamination by waste
Law enforcement to ensure that
and spillages of mall users and
only road worthy cars that are
un-maintained vehicles.
maintained are allowed on site.
Retardation
Dust control by application of
Construction Phase
of
vegetation
growth due to contamination
water;
from dust particles and gas
Haulage
emissions.
exceed the speed limit of 60km
trucks
shall
not
per hour.
Operational Phase
Loss of vegetation due to site
Less vegetated areas shall be
clearing which will lead to loss
preferred;
of habitat and displacement of
Careful site planning;
fauna
Implementation of the EIA-
species,
especially
avifauna.
EMP mitigation measures.
Increased access as a result of
Provision
the shopping mall could lead to
conservation
increased deforestation near
programme
the site.
along and near the shopping
of
forest
awareness
to
communities
mall
Construction Phase
Disturbance to birds and small
Construction
animals and loss of habitat.
confined to the shopping mall
should
be
reserve area;
Noisy
activities
scheduled
to
occur
prescribed
normal
to
be
within
working
hours.
Aadequate signs for warning
Operational Phase
Wildlife loss due to accidental
users of wildlife presence will
killings caused by vehicular
be provided;
traffic as a result of the
Install
construction of the mall.
detacters along the shopping
bird
mall parameter
- 47 -
and
animal
Noise disturbance to wildlife
Control of noisy activities on
due to increased aircraft and
site (local by-laws);
vehicular traffic.
ZEMA Regulation of Noise;

Sides of the drainage shall be
planted with grass or stone
Construction Phase
Siltation of water courses due
pitched;
to soil erosion of nearby drains
Drainage systems shall have
and culverts.
scour checks;
Drainage
systems
discharge
into
shall
settlement
basins;
Silt traps shall be put along
drainage systems;
- 48 -

Phase
Mitigation Measure
Impact
Impacts on Water Quality (Cont'd)
Construction Phase
(Cont'd)
Water shortage to the local
Exploitation of water sources
community
over
for rehabilitation works shall
exploitation for construction of
be done with approval by the
the mall.
local
due
to
authority
consent
from
and
with
the
local
community.
Ground water contamination
Proper siting of pit latrines
due to construction of sub-
away from water logged areas;
standard campsite pit latrines
Good hygienic standards and
for workers.
proper
maintenance
of
pit
latrines.
Operational Phase
Sedimentation and increased
Excavated soils shall be used
turbidity
for
in
surface
water
other
works
such
as
caused by erosion of bare areas
shoulder building;
and runoffs resulting from
Sides of drainage channels
excavation and grading works
shall be planted with grass or
and drainage channels left after
stone pitched;
construction works.
Drainage systems shall have

scour checks.

Air
Construction Phase
pollution
caused
by
Regular
maintenance
of
exhaust fumes and dust from
construction
excavators, bull dozers, graders
equipment in order to reduce
as well as site clearing will
emission of exhaust fumes;
affect human, vegetation and
Periodically water down on the
also
site;
disturb
habitats
for
vehicles
and
animals, birds and insects.

Unpleasant odours due to un-
Cleaning
maintained toilets and poor
maintenance of toilets to avoid
waste management.
unpleasant odours.
and
Waste should be
regular
carefully
managed to prevent unpleasant

odours.
- 49 -
Operational Phase
Excessive diesel fumes due to
Law enforcement to ensure that
un-maintained equipment.
only road worth cars that are

maintained are on the road.
Impacts on Noise
Construction Phase
Noise and vibration caused by
Working hours limited to day
construction
light only;
machinery,
equipment and drilling.
Enforcement of the Factories

Act
by
the
Factories
Inspectorate under the Ministry

of Labour.
ZEMA Regulation on noise;
Operational Phase
Noise from increased vehicular
Operating
traffic movement.
restricted within the reasonable
hours
will
be
time and not beyond 22.hours
- 50 -

Phase
Mitigation Measure
Impact
Design Phase
Visual impact of the mall
Development
rehabilitation works could be
designs must be compatible
substantial if designs are not
with the slope angles of the
compatible
with
angles
the
of
the
slope
of
the
mall
surrounding
environment.
Construction Phase
Disfigurement of the natural
Development designs which
landscape and aesthetic view
are compatible with the final
due to construction works.
slope angles of the surrounding

environment.
Abandoned
Operational Phase
construction
Abandoned structure in areas
structures, excess construction
of scenic beauty shall be
materials
demolished
of
laterite,
stone
aggregate and concrete slabs

left in areas of scenic beauty
reduces the quality of scenery.
Impacts on Land-use and Surrounding Environment
Local
Design Phase
people
with
the
The proposed shopping mall
necessary
skills
might influence migration and
employed
for
settlement patterns if labour
works;
requirements are not planned in
Resettlement of communities
advance.
in new areas shall be done in

consultation
shall
the
with
be
runway
host
or
existing community.
Construction
detours
of
will
environment
Construction Phase
immediate
temporary
disturb
access
roads
and
the
equipment park site location
the
shall be done in consultation
surrounding
with local authorities, local
within
and
Detours,
environment.
people and take into account

the existing land use in the
area.
- 51 -
Local
people
with
the
If labour is not recruited from
necessary
local areas people who reside
employed in the project;
far may start to settle near the
Resettlement of communities
project. area
in new areas shall be done in
skills
consultation
shall
with
be
host
or
on
air
existing community.
ZEMA
Operational Phase
Exhaust
fumes
to
the
Regulation
pollution;
surrounding environment due
Adherence
to increased traffic.
maintenance
standards
to
engine
schedules
and
reduce
air
to
pollution.
Construction Phase
Temporary marriages, casual
There shall be provision of
sex relationships and more
education both to the local
chances of transmission of
community
sexually transmitted diseases
HIV/AIDS using aids such as
due to interaction of project
video shows, pamphlets, talks,
workers
etc.
with
local
communities.
- 52 -
on
STDs
and

Phase
Mitigation Measure
Impact
Impacts on Socio-economic Environment (Cont'd)
Operational Phase
Increased accidents due to
Provision of adequate warning
increased vehicular traffic to
signs in black spot areas and
the project area
speed retarders
Ndola Council to push for
improvement of major roads to
the project area.

Detours,
access
roads
and
equipment park sites shall not

Mitigation Measures
for impacts at the
Design Phase
Poorly
mall
developed
design
could
shopping
be constructed near cultural
impact
sites. The provisions of the
negatively on heritage sites.
National
Heritage
Conservation
Commission
shall apply.
Detours,
access
roads
and

Dust
Construction Phase
may
disfigure
the
appearance of the Cultural and
sites sites. The provisions of
Historic site
the
National
Conservation
Heritage
Commission
shall apply.
Detours,
access
roads
and
Construction of detour next to
the site may lead to loss of
heritage site.
sites.The provisions of the

National
Conservation
Heritage
Commission
shall apply.
Construction Phase
Although no negative impacts
Rehabilitation
on
confined to the runway reserve
human
foreseen
settlements
since
are
construction
- 53 -
area;
shall
be
works will be confined to the
Detour,
shopping
equipment park site location
however,
mall
reserve
construction
of
access
roads
and
outside shopping mall reserve
detours, access roads and park
areas
sites
and
consultation with RDA` and
commercial leads to land use
local people and take into
conflicts.
account existing land use in the
residential
areas
shall
be
done
in
area
The
Operational Phase
construction
of
the
There shall be no conversion of
shopping mall will enhances
communal land into state land
accessibility,
around the constructed mall.
mobility
and
economic activities for the

communities around the mall
- 54 -

Phase
Mitigation Measure
Impact
Impacts on Human Settlements (Cont'd)

Construction of the shopping
Operational Phase
mall will lead to increased
(Cont'd)
human settlements, changed
around the improved airport .
settlement patterns, increased

cultivation
and
commercial
activities around g the airport ;

Construction of the shopping
mall will lead to increased land
values and land resource tenure
around
around the mall,
shopping mall.
Noise from increased vehicular
Trees shall be planted around
traffic
settled areas to minimize noise
volumes
improved
using
runway
communities
the
disturbs
around
the
runway.
the
constructed
and hazardous emissions.

Noise barriers shall be erected
in settled areas where traffic
noise may exceed 90 decibel.

Quarrying shall not be done
Design Phase
Construction Phase
Quarries
and
borrow
pit
near surface water sources.
location may negatively impact
There shall be no quarrying
on important ecological units.
near cultural sites
Excessive noise from blasting,
machinery may disturb nearby
nearby communities.
communities.
Quarrying shall be done in

conformity to the Mine and
Minerals Act, No. 31 of 1995.
Operational Phase
Un-rehabilitated borrow pits
could pose potential hazard to
near water sources and human
ecological units and residents.
settlements.
Impacts of DCA Traffic
- 55 -
Design Phase
Failure
to
use
established
Surveyors should not venture
routes
might
result
in
too far away from the proposed
surveyors' vehicles negatively
route in order to avoid impacts
impacting on the environment.
on
the
environment.
- 56 -
surrounding

Phase
Mitigation Measure
Impact
Impacts of Road Traffic (Cont'd)

Established routes should be
Construction
Construction Phase
traffic
could
used where possible in order to
impact on undisturbed areas
reduce
adjacent to the project area.
undisturbed areas.
impacting
Construction
on
vehicles
must
only use pre-determined access

roads
that
should
be
determined in the design phase.

Allowance should be made for
alternative routes for existing
road users during construction.
Excessive
dust
construction
could
from
disturb
Control
of
dust
through
watering of dust areas.
nearby communities.
Operational Phase
Increased accidents due to
Provision of adequate warning
increased traffic flow.
road signs in black spot areas

and speed retarders at animal
and pedestrian crossing site.
Design Phase
Advanced planning of safety
Development
requirements
procedures
of
and
safety
operational
manual.
Construction Phase
Lack of enforcement of safety
Enforcement of Public health
and health regulations could
and safety regulations.
impact
negatively
on
construction workers.
Advanced
Design Phase
planning
construction camp sitting.
of
Selection of camp siting must

be done in consultation with
Local
authority,
the
authority and local people.
- 57 -
local
Loss
of
vegetation
at
construction site.
Clearing for camp siting must

be limited to the actual site to
Construction Phase,
avoid vegetation loss on a

larger scale.
Waste generation at campsite.
Waste disposal to be done at

designated sites approved by
the local authority and ZEMA.
Interaction
workers
of
with
construction
There shall be provision of
the
education both to the local
communities
may
transmission
of
nearby
lead
to
community and camp workers
sexually
on STDs and HIV/AIDS using
transmitted diseases.
aids such as video shows,

pamphlets, talks, etc.
Local
people
necessary
skills
with
shall
employed in the project;
- 58 -
the
be
Proposed Measures to Address Concerns of the Communities around the

Project area
1.1.66. Shopping Mall Site & its Surroundings

Detours, access Roads and equipment park site location shall be done in
consultation with local authority and with local people and shall take into
account the existing land use in the areas.
1.1.67. Quarries & Borrow Pits

Quarries and borrow pits shall not be done near the communities. However,
construction waste may be reused for rehabilitation of the borrow pits.
1.1.68. Sitting of Construction Camps

Selection of camp sites shall be done in consultation with local authority and
the local community. This will help to deal with social upheavals such as
temporary marriages, casual sex relationships and more chances of
transmission of sexually transmitted diseases due interaction. There shall be
sensitization to both construction workers and the local community on STDs
and HIV/AIDS using aids such as video shows, pamphlets. Further waste
disposal from camp site shall be done at sites designated by the Local
Authority and ZEMA.
1.1.69. Abstraction of Water from Local Sources

Exploitation of water sources for rehabilitation works shall be done with
approval by the local authority and with consent from the local community.
This will avoid conflicts and also to receive support from the local community.
1.1.70. Drainage Design/Culverts

Drainage systems shall discharge into the nearby river basins where water may
collect which could then be available to other users.
1.1.71. Accidents & Black-Spots

Provision of adequate warning signs in black spot areas and speed retarders
will be used
- 59 -
1.1.72. Project Benefits to the Local Community

The Contractor shall ensure that the local people with the necessary skills are
employed in the construction and operation of the project.
1.1.73. Detour, By-pass, Lay-bys and Access Roads

Detours, access roads and equipment park site location shall be done in
consultation with RDA and local people and shall take into account the
existing land use in the areas.
1.1.74. District/Community Role in the Project

The District/local community shall participate in the project through their local
authority during the project implementation phase. The KML shall ensure that
the local authority becomes part of the project monitoring team during the
implementation of the mitigation measures by the Contractor in those areas
under the jurisdiction of the local authority. A report on the contractor's
performance prepared by the KML shall also be made available to the affected
in the respective local authorities. The major communities around project area,
which should be considered as part of the project monitoring team, are the
flats residential flats near the project.This will ensure that the community's
concerns expressed during the scoping report and stated in this report are not
overlooked.
- 60 -
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT AND MONITORING PLAN

Introduction
The EIA Regulations state that the developer must provide an Environmental
Management and Monitoring Plan. An EMP is a document where all the
measures that are required for environmental protection, which will include
the mitigation measures and the monitoring plan, will be found for easy
reference. The aim of an environmental management plan is to avoid,
minimise, or ameliorate effects or impacts resulting from project
implementation and where possible, enhance beneficial effects.
In reality, the environmental management plan seeks to limit the interaction of

disturbed with undisturbed lands and through the various process of shopping
mall construction, restore the disturbed land to a pre-determined form of landuse or to a productivity level similar to that occurring prior to disturbance.
Environmental Management Plan
Environmental management is carried out in all stages of the Project namely;
Pre-construction, Construction and Operational. The key stakeholders in the
environmental management activities are: KML, the contractor, Zambia
Environmental
Management
Agency,
Government
agencies,
Local
Authorities, the affected Local Communities, the shopping mall users and to
some extent the Public.
The Environmental Management Plan for the management of the identified

environmental impacts associated with this project consists of three main
components:
1. Implementing the Impact Mitigation Plan

2. Monitoring the implementation of the EMP
3. Institutional Framework for Monitoring, Reporting and Supervision of
EMP
- 61 -
1.1.75. Impact Mitigation Plan

The impact mitigation plan allocates the responsibilities for implementation
of the proposed mitigation measures to the various stakeholders and indicates
at what stage in the project they should be performed. The Plan is presented in
this chapter under Section 12.3 and it addresses the negative impacts generated
by the construction works and presents the associated cost estimates of
mitigating the adverse impacts. The key components of the proposed impact
mitigation plan are:
Land and Soil

Vegetation
Water Quality
Air Quality
Noise
Landscape and Aesthetics
Land-use and Surrounding Environment
Socio-economic issues
Cultural and Historic Sites
Human Settlements
Quarries and Borrow Pits
Work Accidents
Construction Camps
Road Traffic
Surface Water Management

Surface water is an important component of both ecological and human use of
the land. The aim of the surface water management programme is to ensure
that where practical, flows into and through the project site and the nearby
streams are maintained and that water quality to these systems is maintained.
Erosion Control and Sediment Retention

The highly flocculated nature of the soils in the project areas indicates that
they are prone to erosion in a disturbed state. According, and where
- 62 -
appropriate, all surface runoff from areas of disturbance and areas with
elevated runoff coefficient will be directed by correctly designed drainage
system, to sediment traps with sufficient volume and retention time to
maximise settlement of suspended sediment prior to release.
The drains will be designed according to the characteristics of peak flows for
the pre-determined design storm, and the requirement to discharge flows
without causing erosion.
Vegetation and Flora

A number of management initiatives will be implemented to reduce potential
impacts and disturbance to flora and vegetation. These include:
Raising awareness in the workforce about conservation issues and legal

obligations of construction workers by structuring the environmental
awareness programme to include issues relating specifically to project site.
Designing the project layout to reduce the area of clearing required.
Clearly marking and restricting access to areas of high conservation value.
Providing adequate drainage control systems around the runway and
access tracks constructed as part of the project.
Establishing an efficient dust suppression plan in all areas where the
generation of dust has been identified as an environmental management
issue.
Retaining topsoil, and vegetation wherever possible during clearing for use
during restoration.
Progressively rehabilitating disturbed areas as they become available and
are no longer required for project operations.
Fauna
Experience indicates that fauna adapt readily to the general effects of project
operations. However; it is most likely that the more mobile species will tend to
move away from the areas of greatest activity during construction but will
return during the operation of the airport runway. Potential impacts on fauna
will be reduced by:- 63 -
Restricting disturbance and clearing of habitats to the minimum required

for safe and efficient operations.
Progressively rehabilitating disturbed areas to re-establish habitats;
Declaring a 50m no-go buffer zone around the project area to prevent
disturbance.
Construction Waste
Construction waste will be generated as a result of the shopping mall
construction. All construction waste that has been generated will be recycled
or placed in designated disposal sites and covered with soil.
Noise.
Noise management will be limited to standard sound retarding devices on all
operational vehicles as recommended by the manufacturer. Noise generated
from operations at the project site is not expected to impact on local
communities due to the distances between the operations area and areas of
habitation. However, Kafubu mall limited and ZEMA will investigate any
noise complaints received.
Management of Air Quality

Throughout the construction of the shopping mall standard water trucks will
use water to suppress dust. The water trucks will continually apply water to
potential dust generation areas such as the main detours and borrow pit area.
Rehabilitation
Rehabilitation will be ongoing and progressively throughout the life of the
project. Evidence to date indicates that the re-vegetation of disturbed areas
will be both natural and rapid. As the first principle of rehabilitation is long
term stability, practices that address this issue will be implemented as part of
long-term approaches.
- 64 -
Community Consultation and Interaction

The developer will ensure that the shopping mall project will be very much a
part of the local community. The developer will establish a Community
Consultation Programme as a means of providing a forum for dialogue
between the local and the project. The framework for this plan will be set up
during the construction phase so that the aims and objectives of the shopping
mall construction are clearly understood by the community.
Workforce Awareness
Work force awareness and culture is an important component in minimising
environmental and cultural impacts resulting from project operations.
Construction personnel will be made aware of the Environmental Policy.
Construction personnel will be made aware of the heritage and cultural

sensitive site.
An environmental awareness induction plan will be implemented to ensure

that all construction workers are aware of their environmental responsibilities.
EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLAN

Fire hydrants will be installed in strategic locations in the Mall to fight fires
that may break out. If the fire will be insurmountable for the fire hydrants,
the Ndola City Council Fire Brigade will be contacted on 993 for back up.
The Mall will have fire extinguishers and hydrants for the purpose of putting
off fires. The mall will also have clearly marked assembly points in the
event of fire where people will be required too assemble. The managers
office will direct response to fire but only in the absence of fire men.
Announcements will be made through the public address system at the mall.
In case of no-fire environmental emergencies, the Mall Manager or his

designate will contact the ZEMA emergency response team2 for resources
and backup.
- 65 -
DECOMMISSIONING AND CLOSURE PLAN

At closure, the Kafubu Shopping Mall steel infrastructure, brick structures
and foundations will be dismantled to 500 mm below ground level. Saleable
items will be sold at market values. Redundant equipment will be sold as
scrap or disposed off-site at an approved waste disposal site.
Mobile equipment, pumps, motors, valves, pipes, transformers, electric
cables, containers will be dismantled and/or removed to a secure storage
area awaiting sale to the local community, businesses and scrap metal dealers.
Certain of the Project buildings and Mall structures (after removal of process
Mall and
decontamination)
could
be
adapted
for
sustainable
use
including small business enterprise, light industry and/or warehouse use.

The local community and businesses will be consulted in this regard
prior to closure. This Decommission and Closure Plan assumes that
the whole Project site will dismantled and removed. Finally, the Mall site
will be leveled, re-profiled and re-vegetated.
The proposed closure cost estimates were based on the current market prices
and costs of labour. These shall be updated with annual inflation and major
economic changes.
Decommissioning and Closures Cost Estimates
Activity
Responsible Personnel
Cost (ZMK)
1) Administrative expenses such as salaries General Manager and 10,500,000

and bills during the Decommissioning and Environmental Officer
Closures Phase
2) Acquisition
of
applicable
permits, General Manager and 15,500,000
preparation of necessary statutory reports Environmental Officer

and any consultancy services.
3) Demolition and Levelling/re-profiling the General Manager and 20,000,000
area.
Environmental Officer
4) Removal of all the steel scrap, non-steel General Manager and 10,500,000
scrap for alternative uses or disposal.
Total Costs
- 66 -
Environmental Officer
- 67 -
Impact Mitigation Plan

Impact
Mitigation Measure
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
for its implementation
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Impact on Land and Soil
Soil
due
contamination
to
improper
Petroleum
To trap any fuel or
Petroleum
Concrete
products
oil spillage from
products
Construction
dispensing points
getting to the soil.
dispensing points
Phase
KML
loading bay
storage of materials,
shall
have
drip
shall be inspected
Drip pans and
Approx US$
fuels and poor waste
pans
and
oil
and approved by
oil absorbents
200/m3
oil disposal methods.
absorbents ;
DCA
put in place
Officers
from MTC before

commissioning.
Storage
of
To avoid direct
Sites for storage
potential
contact
soil
of fuel, oil and
Construction
placed
pollutants such as
with oil, fuel and
chemicals shall be
Phase
concrete hard
fuel,
chemicals in case
inspected
Surfaces shall
standing.
of accident.
approved by KML
oil
and
chemicals should
of
and
KML/ZEMA
Tanks to be
be sealed
be done on sealed
Officers
from
Concrete @
surfaces
to
ZEMA
before
US$200/m3
prevent
soil
commissioning.
contamination;
- 68 -
on
Collection
and
To reduce on the
Containers
recycling of used
amounts
oil
collection of used
oil & lubricants;
waste
generation
oil shall be made
and storage.
available on site.
One drum @
of
and its disposal on

soil.
for
Construction
Contractor
Metal drums
Phase
KML
for collection
US$20
- 69 -

Impact
Mitigation Measure
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Petroleum storage
Construction
Contractor
Reinforced
petroleum spillage
tanks
Phase
KML
concrete wall
bund walls around
from spreading in
inspected
storage of materials,
them and shall be
case
fuels and poor waste
high
accident.
oil disposal methods.
contain
Soil
due
Petroleum storage
To
tanks shall have
improper
contamination
to
enough
to
contain
of
any
an
any
spillage.
Limitation
shall
be
and
Storage tanks
and slab at the
approved by KML
will
have
bottom.
Officers
from
bund
walls
ZEMA
before
US$55/m2
around them
commissioning.
of
To avoid erosion
Period
of
earth moving to
of soil by fast
construction shall
Construction
dry periods;
flowing rainwater.
be specified in the
Phase
Exposed soil is prone
Tender Document
Monitoring of
to erosion by water or
with
earth moving
wind.
contractor
the
machines
dry land
- 70 -
to
Contractor
US$6.50/m3
KML
of gravel
Protection
susceptible
of
To
control
the
Mitigation
soil
current of the fast
measures for this
Construction
surface with grass;
flowing rainwater.
impact shall be
Phase
provided in the in
Grass
the Document.
planting
Protection
of
Stone pitching and
drainage channels
contact
fast
grass planting in
Construction
by planting grass
flowing
surface
drainage systems
Phase
or stone pitching;
water
with
shall be part of the
Planting grass
overall Document
or
as
pitching
susceptible soils.
means
mitigating
erosion.
- 71 -
of
soil
US$2/m2 for
KML
planting
turf/grass
To avoid direct
of
Contractor
Contractor
US$2/m2 for
KML
planting
turf/grass
stone
US$50/m2 for
stone pitching

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Installation
of
To
trap
soil
Mitigation
Exposed soil is prone
sedimentation
particles from the
measures
to erosion by water or
basins or planting
current of the fast
wind.
of
flowing water.
erodible
surfaces as soon
as possible.
Excavate
Construction
KML
common soils
impacts on soils
Phase
Consultant
@ US$3/m3
Installation of
Excavate
contract
sedimentation
rock
Document
for
with
and
soil
To prevent highly
Mitigation
stockpiling of topsoil
should be avoided
prone soils from
measures
could lead to erosion
by selective soil
getting exposed to
and degradation of soil
stripping;
erosion.
quality.
Exposed
basins
Construction
KML
impact is part of
Phase
Consultant
the
contract
Selective soil
with
stripping will
Document
the contractor.
- 72 -
be done
US$50/m
Contractor
this
in
3
the contractor.
Stripping
in
US$2/m3
Areas
requiring
To limit on the
Mitigation
less clearing shall
size of area prone
measures
be preferred for
to erosion.
stock
piles.
Contractor
this
Construction
KML
impact is part of
Phase
Consultant
the
contract
Clearing will
with
only be done
Clearing shall be
Document
limited to the site
the contractor.
in
approved by the
US$1.50/m3
approved
areas
local authorities.
Soil compaction could
Only
result
following
heavy
To limit the size
Mitigation
Contractor
For
equipment
with
of area prone to
measures
Construction
KML
activities use
pneumatic
tyres
compaction.
impact is part of
Phase
Consultant
the
shall be used on
the
Pneumatic
access roads.
Document
this
contract
the contractor
with
tyres are to be
used on the
access roads
- 73 -
rolling
rate
US$30/hr
of

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Soil
Soil
erosion
near
should
culverts and drainage
prevented
channels where water
especially
velocity
increase.
could
erosion
be
near
To
control
soil
Programme
erosion and check
Shopping
for culverts and

drainage channels
for
mall
Operational
KML
Phase
headwalls,
drainage
Culvert
aprons, wing-
maintenance shall
construction
walls
culverts
by
requiring
be developed and
will be done
construction
of
attention.
made available.
to
design
culverts;
standard
To
prevent
Contractor
Linear
Construction
KML
maintenance
Consultant
of the culverts
maintenance
of
clogging of the
measures
culverts
&
culverts
impact is part of
Phase
drainage channels;
drainage
the
Regular
&
the
system
contract
by debris carried
Document
with water flow.
the contractor
with
@ US$50/m
maintenance
schedule will
be
place
- 74 -
US$200/m
and
Mitigation
this
@
3
specific
correctly designed
Regular
Concrete
put
in
Soil contamination by
Soil
To control waste
Enforcement
waste and spillages of
contamination by
disposal methods
ZEMA
shopping mall users.
poor waste and
Regulations
spillages of mall
users
of
Operational
Shopping mall
ZEMA
Phase
users
monitoring
Waste
ZEMA
activities
waste
management
KML
management .
system will be
on
put in place
- 75 -

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Retardation
of
vegetation growth due
Dust
control
by
application of water;
To suppress dust
Mitigation
generation
measures
Construction
this
Phase
Water
KML
bowsers
to
to contamination from
impact is part of
The
ground
water
gravel
dust particles and gas
the
will
be
DCAs
emissions.
Document
contract
with
watered
U$50/hr
Construction
N/A
the contractor
Haulage trucks shall
To
not exceed the speed
amount
limit of 60km per
generation.
hour.
reduce
of
the
Mitigation
dust
measures
this
Phase
impact is part of
Speed limited
the
to 60km per
contract
Document
the contractor
- 76 -
with
hour
KML
Loss of vegetation due
Less
to site clearing which
areas
will lead to loss of
preferred;
habitat
vegetated
shall
be
and
To
reduce
the
Mitigation
this
Construction
Contractor
US$1.50/m2
Phase
KML
to clear less
extent of the area
measures
without
impact is part of
Not all areas
vegetation.
the
will
be
cleared
of
contract
vegetated area
displacement of fauna
Document
species,
the contractor
vegetation
To sensitize the
Forest
Construction
Forestry Dept
US$15,000
conservation
Phase
KML
for awareness
especially
with
avifauna.
Increased access as a
Provision
result
conservation
communities
could
awareness programme
about
increased
to communities around
importance
the proposed site ;
forests.
of
the
construction
lead
to
deforestation
area.
in
mall
the
of
forest
the
of
programme
is
programme
Operational
budgeted for and
Phase
its implementation
Forest
schedule
conservation
prepared.
is
will
be
encouraged
such as tree
planting
- 77 -

Impact
Mitigation Measure
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Disturbance to birds
Construction
and animals and loss
should
of habitat.
confined
to
To reduce on the
Mitigation
be
extent of the area
measures
the
to
impact is part of
Construction
gravel
the
will
be
outside game
restricted
to
area
proposed site
be
impacted
upon.
this
contract
Document
with
the contractor
Noisy activities to
To reduce sleep
Mitigation
be scheduled to
disturbance
measures
occur
birds and animals.
Construction
Contractor
Haulage
Phase
KML
suitable
of
from
the proposed
US$0.35/m3.
site
km
Construction
Contractor
Haulage
Phase
KML
suitable
impact is part of
Construction
Consultant
gravel
prescribed normal
the
contract
will restricted
Local
outside game
working hours.
Document
with
to day time
Authority
area
within
to
this
the contractor
only
from
US$0.35/m3.
km
- 78 -
of
Wildlife loss due to
The roads to the
To warn motorists
Mitigation
accidental
proposed site shall
of the presence of
measures
caused by speeding
have
wildlife in certain
construction traffic .
signs for warning
sections
users of wildlife
road
presence;
motorists
killings
adequate
of
so
Construction
Phase
KML
US$100/each
impact is part of
Operational
Local
on average
the
the
Phase
Authority
that
Document
drive
this
KML signs @
contract
the contractor
with caution.
with
Signs will be
used
as
warning
to
and from the

site
- 79 -

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Wildlife loss due to
There
accidental
adherence
be
To control over-
Provision of speed
Operational
Police Traffic
Speed humps
to
speeding through
retarders
and
Phase
Patrol Unit
provision
humps along the
Speed
Local
each
warning signs &
roads
will be used
authority
mounting of speed
Partial fencing of
control traps.
shopping mall
Control of noisy
To monitor and
Enforcement
Operational
Local
Working
Noise disturbance to
activities on site
control
local by-laws.
Phase
Authority
hours limited
wildlife
(through local by-
generation.
ZEMA
to day light
killings
caused by speeding
shall
speed
traffic
increased
due
to
vehicular
of
noise
of
Local
laws);
will
traffic
applied
- 80 -
limit
laws
be
only.
US$500/
ZEMA Regulation
To monitor and
Enforcement
on
control
ZEMA
Abatement;
Noise
generation.
noise
Regulations
noise
of
on
Operational
Local
Phase
Authority
Noise
generation
will be within
the law
- 81 -
N/A
Impacts Mitigation Plan

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Sides
Siltation
of
of
the
To filter of the
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
Grassing
water
drainage shall be
sediment particles
measures
courses due to soil
planted with grass
in the fast flowing
impact is part of
Operational
erosion
or stone pitched;
rain water with
the
Phase
Stone pitching
grass and also to
Document
Stone pitching
@ US$50/m2
avoid erosion of
the contractor
will be used
the
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
Using
of
measures
Phase
KML
masonry
of
nearby
drains and culverts.
this
contract
with
Phase
KML
US$3/m
soil surfaces by
stone pitching.
Drainage systems
To
reduce
shall have scour
current
checks;
rainwater flow.
this
impact is part of
Operational
the
Phase
contract
Document
the contractor
with
The drainage
will
have
scour checks
- 82 -
stone
US$12 each
at
Impact mitigation Plan

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Siltation
of
water
courses due to soil

erosion
of
Silt traps shall be
To protect surface
Mitigation
put along drainage
water
measures
systems;
through
nearby
drains and culverts.
pollution
filtering
this
Construction
Contractor
Approx
Phase
KML
US$10/m
US$15 each
impact is part of
Operational
finest particles in
the
Phase
water current.
Document
contract
with
the contractor
Silt traps will

be used along
the drainage
Spoon drains shall
To
have scour checks.
excessive
and
control
risks
erosion.
flow
of
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
measures provided
Phase
KML
for
Operational
impacts
Water
on
Quality
Phase
Spoon drains
overall
will
Document
contract
be
provided with
scour checks
- 83 -
Water shortage to the
Exploitation
local community due
To avoid conflicts
Mitigation
water sources for
and
measures
to over exploitation for
construction
support from the
impact is part of
Permit will be
when
construction works.
works
local community.
the
obtained
are
done
shall
of
be
with
approval by the
to
receive
this
contract
Document
the contractor
local authority and

consent from the
local community.
- 84 -
with
Construction
Contractor
Nominal
Phase
KML
exploitation
obstruction
rights
for
works
not
reconstruction

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Ground
water
Proper siting of pit
To filter pollutants
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
VIP latrine @
contamination due to
latrines away from
from getting to the
measures provided
Phase
KML
US$600 each
construction of sub-
water
ground water.
for
on
Water logged
standard campsite pit
areas;
Quality
areas will be
logged
impacts
Water
latrines for workers.
avoided
overall
siting
contract
Document
for
with
contractor
Good
standards
hygienic
and
To
promote
cleanliness
proper
avoid
maintenance of pit
in
latrines.
camps.
and
epidemics
construction
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
Cleaning
measures provided
Phase
KML
activities
for
Public health
US$150/
and
month
impacts
Water
on
Quality
health
overall
contract
practice
document with the
be used
contractor
- 85 -
good
will
Sedimentation
and
increased turbidity in
Excavated
soils
To make use of
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
For
shall be used for
available soils and
measures provided
Phase
KML
soil
surface water caused
other works such
reduce on creating
for
by erosion of bare
as backfilling
more bare areas
Water
which are prone to

soil erosion.
areas
and
runoffs
resulting
from
impacts
U$6.50/m
soils will be
For top soil
used
spreading and
overall
backfilling
Quality
contract
and
Document
grading
and
the contractor
drainage channels left

after
@
3
Excavated
excavation
works
construction
works.
- 86 -
on
gravel
with
to
for
compacting
@ US$2/m2

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Sides of drainage
To filter of the
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
For loose soil/
channels shall be
sediment particles
measures provided
Phase
KML
susceptible
planted with grass
in the fast flowing
for
Operational
soil, grassing
or stone pitched;
rain water with
Water
Phase
@ US$3/m2
increased turbidity in
grass and also to
Stone pitching
For firm soil
surface water caused
avoid erosion of
overall
will be used
US$3/m3
by erosion of bare
soil surfaces by
Document
areas
stone pitching.
the contractor
(Cont'd from above)
Sedimentation
and
and
runoffs
resulting
from
Drainage systems
To
excavation
and
shall have scour
current
grading
and
checks.
rainwater flow.
works
reduce
the
of
impacts
on
Quality
contract
with
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
US$12
measures provided
Phase
KML
stone masonry
for
Operational
impacts
on
drainage channels left
Water
after
Scorching
overall
checks will be
construction
works.
Quality
contract
document with the

contractor
- 87 -
Phase
used
each
Air pollution caused
Regular
by exhaust fumes and
maintenance
dust from excavators,
construction
bull dozers, graders as
vehicles
well as site clearing
equipment
will
affect
vegetation
human,
and
also
disturb
habitats
for
animals,
birds
and
insects.
To
of
check
defects
for
Log
and
vehicle
book
on
Construction
Contractor
US$30,000/
&
Phase
KML
month
for
servicing of the
equipment
Regular
medium
vehicles
and
maintenance shall
maintenance
old equipment
in
equipment so that
be kept on site for
of
order to reduce
they are in good
inspection
construction
emission
operation
vehicles will
condition.
overall
be done
exhaust fumes;
and
of
and
contract
document with the

contractor
Document
- 88 -
to

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Impacts on Air Quality (Cont'd)

Periodically water
(Cont'd from above)
down
on
temporary roads;
To suppress dust.
Log book on dust
Construction
Contractor
control
Phase
KML
times
Periodic water
Air pollution caused
shall be kept on
down on the
by exhaust fumes and
site for inspection
temporary
dust from excavators,
and shall be part
roads will be
bull dozers, graders as
of
done
well as site clearing
Tender Document
will
affect
vegetation
watering
showing
human,
and
also
disturb
habitats
for
animals,
birds
and
insects.
- 89 -
the
overall
US$50/ hr
Unpleasant odours due
Cleaning
to poorly maintained
regular
toilets and poor waste
maintenance
management.
toilets
to
and
of
avoid
unpleasant odours.
To maintain and
Public
promote a healthy
standards
as
environment
provided
under
campsites
at
Health
Construction
Contractor
US$150/
Phase
KML
month
Periodic
Local
Authority
and
the Public Health
cleaning will
prevent the spread
Act Cap 295 shall
be done and
of diseases.
be enforced shall
monitored
be part of the
overall
Document
- 90 -
Tender

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Impacts on Air Quality (Cont'd)

Unpleasant odours due
Waste should be
To maintain and
Public
to poorly maintained
carefully managed
promote a healthy
standards
toilets and poor waste
to
environment
provided
management.
unpleasant odours.
prevent
campsites
at
Health
Construction
Contractor
US$100/
as
Phase
KML
month
under
Waste
Local
Authority
and
the Public Health
management
prevent the spread
Act Cap 295 and
system will be
of diseases.
ZEMA
put in place
Regulations
on
Waste
Management shall
be enforced shall
be part of the
overall
contract
document with the

contractor
Excessive
diesel
of
To monitor and
Enforcement
un-
the roads and road
control unfit cars
roads
maintained equipment.
Traffic Act, Cap
to be used on site.
Traffic Act, Cap
fumes
due
to
Enforcement
- 91 -
and
of
road
Construction
ZEMA
Police Traffic
Phase
KML
Patrol Unit
464 and ZEMA
464 and EPPCA,
Operational
EPPCA Cap 204
Cap 204 on Noise
Phase
on Air Pollution
Abatement.
The stipulated
so that only road
laws will be
worth cars that are
applied
maintained are on
site.
- 92 -
ZEMA

Impact
Mitigation Measure
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Impacts of Noise
Noise and vibration
Working
caused by construction
limited
machinery, equipment
light only;
hours
to
day
To
avoid
sleep
disturbance
at
night.
and drilling.
Enforcement
of
Construction
Contractor
Cost
EPPCA, Cap 204
Phase
KML
applicable as
on
Construction
ZEMA
programme is
will
Local
based on 9-
Authority
day
Noise
Abatement.
be
limited to day
Enforcement
caused by construction
the Factories Act,
occupational
machinery, equipment
Cap 441.
health
and drilling.
of
To
Construction
Contractor
the Factories Act,
Phase
KML
Cap 441.
Occupation
Ministry
working
health will be
Labour
conditions among
implemented
the
promote
and
safe
Enforcement
construction
workers.
- 93 -
of
working
hours.
time
Noise and vibration
not
US$3,000/yr
of
ZEMA Regulation
To monitor and
Enforcement
Noise from increased
on
control
traffic.
Abatement;
Noise
noise
generation.
Operational
ZEMA
Police Traffic
EPPC Act, Cap
Phase
Local
Patrol Unit
204
Noise
Authority
on
of
Noise
Abatement.
Abatement
law will be
applied
Control of noise
To monitor and
Enforcement
generating
control
activities (by local
generation.
by-laws).
noise
Operational
ZEMA
Police Traffic
EPPC Act, Cap
Phase
Local
Patrol Unit
204
By laws will
Authority
on
Abatement.
of
Noise
be
implemented
- 94 -

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators

Visual impact of the
Development
construction
`the shopping mall
of
the
of
To maintain areas
Shopping
of scenic beauty.
design
mall
Design Phase
Design
Cut
be
Construction
Engineers
spoil
shall
shopping mall works
designs must be
environmentally
Phase
could be substantial if
environmentally
safe enough and
All
designs
designs
safe enough and
compatible
will
be
compatible with the
compatible
the
followed
as
slope angles of the
the
surrounding
environment.
are
not
with
surrounding
surrounding
environment.
environment.
- 95 -
with
KML
per standard
to
fill/
@
3
US$3.50/m
Disfigurement of the
Development
natural landscape and
the shopping mall
of
To maintain areas
Runway
of scenic beauty.
shall
designs
Design Phase
Design
Cut
be
Construction
Engineers
spoil
aesthetic view due to
designs must be
environmentally
Phase
construction works.
environmentally
and
Scenic beauty
and
compatible
with the natural
will
with the natural
landscape of the
maintained as
landscape and the
surrounding
designed
surrounding
environment.
compatible
to
fill/
@
3
KML
US$3.50/m
KML
Construction
be
environment.
Abandoned
Abandoned
To
construction
structures in areas
vandalism
excess
of scenic beauty
ruining
construction materials
shall be brought
structures, which
contract
of
down
may become an
with
aggregate and concrete
eye
contractor
slabs left in areas of
of
Design Phase
and
structures to be
Construction
waste can be
the
determined
Phase
reused
Bringing
refill borrow
down
pits as part of
structures that
the
distort the scenic
are
rehabilitation
scenic beauty reduces
beauty
required
the quality of scenery.
surrounding
on
environment.
pits.
structures,
laterite,
stone
avoid
sore
of
and
Disposal
the
- 96 -
at
signing
the
not
to
programme
borrow

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Impacts on Land-use and surrounding environment

of
Design Phase
Contractor
About
unplanned
local people for
Construction
KML
US$3000 per
be
settlements which
unskilled
Phase
Community
unity
employed for the
may lead to land-
shall
the
Local people
Representative
structure
works;
use change and
priority
as
will be given
Local
relocated
social upheavals?
part of the overall
the
Authority
are not planned in
contract document
before
advance.
with
other
The
proposed
construction
influence
mall
might
migration
and settlement patterns

if labour requirements
Local people with
To
the
necessary
skills
shall
avoid
Recruitment
be
contractor
- 97 -
labour
and
the
chance
any
of
Resettlement
of
To avoid conflicts
The project does
Design Phase
Contractor
US$3,000/
communities
in
of land ownership.
not foresee any
Construction
Community
unit
new areas shall be
resettlement
of
Phase
Representative
structure
done
in
communities
as
In case this
Local
relocated.
consultation with
construction
happens
Authority
community
works
as
will
be
RAP will be
to
the
prepared
well as the social
confined
welfare
project
reserved
area,
however
department
and
host or existing
should there be
community.
any
resettlement
then it shall be
done
accordance
in
with
Resettlement
Action
Framework
- 98 -
plan
of

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Impacts on Land-use and surrounding environment (Cont'd)

Detours,
Construction
of
roads
and
temporary detours will
equipment
disturb
environment
the
immediate
the
within
and
access
To avoid conflicts
Mitigation
between
measures
the
for
Design Phase
Contractor
To
Construction
Community
detours
US$76/m
Contractor and the
impacts on land-
Phase
Representative
site location shall
local
use shall be part
Local
Local
be
and
of
Authorities
Authority
done
park
in
community
also
to
the
overall
consultation with
monitor land-use
contract document
will
be
surrounding
local people and
change.
with the developer
involved
in
environment.
shall
into
planning
for
the
detours
take
account
existing land use.
- 99 -
construct
@
Local people with
To
of
Design Phase
Contractor
Lump
the
necessary
unplanned
local people for
Construction
Community
US$2,500/
recruited from local
skills
shall
be
settlements which
unskilled
Phase
Representative
month
areas
employed in the
may lead to land-
shall
Employing of
Local
reside far may start to
construction
use change and
priority
local
Authority
settle
well operation of
social upheavals?
part of the overall
If
labour
is
people
near
proposed project.
not
who
the
the project
as
avoid
Recruitment
labour
be
and
the
as
contract document
with
contractor
- 100 -
the
people
will be done
Sum

Impact
Mitigation Measure
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Cont'd from above
Resettlement
of
To avoid conflicts
The project does
Design Phase
Contractor
US$3,000/
communities
in
of land ownership
not foresee any
Construction
Community
unit
new areas shall be
resettlement
of
Phase
Representative
structure
done
in
communities
as
Local
relocated.
consultation with
rehabilitation
local authority and
works
host or existing
community.
Authority
will
be
confined
to
the
project
reserve,
however
there
should
be
any
resettlement then
it shall be done in
accordance
the
Resettlement
action
Framework
- 101 -
with
plan
KML
of
Emission of exhaust
fumes
to
the
ZEMA Regulation
To monitor and
Enforcement
on Air Pollution;
control
EPPC Act, Cap
emission
of exhaust fumes
204
surrounding
to the surrounding
Pollution.
environment due to
environment.
increased traffic.
- 102 -
on
of
Air
Operational
ZEMA
ZEMA
Phase
Local
Monitoring
Authority
Costs

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Period of
Authority
Cost of Mitigation
Implementation
Responsible
Construction
Contractor
US$15,000/
month

Adherence
(Cont'd from above)
to
for
Development
of
defects and repair
engine
Phase
KML
maintenance
any
maintenance
Vehicle
ZEMA
malfunctioning
schedules
engine.
making
schedules
and
fumes
standards
to
surrounding
reduce
air
environment due to
pollution.
the
check
engine
Emission of exhaust
to
To
available
and
maintenance
them
will be done
for
inspection on site.
increased traffic.
- 103 -
Temporary marriages,
There
casual
provision
sex
shall
be
To sensitize the
Mitigation
of
construction
measures
for
Construction
Contractor
Lump
Phase
KML
US$20,000
relationships and more
education both to
workers and local
impacts of STDs
Operational
Community
for
chances
of
the
communities
and
Phase
Based
project
transmission
of
community
about the dangers
Organizations
overall
Local
local
and
HIV/AIDS
sexually diseases due
camp workers on
of
to
STDs
HIV/AIDS and to
document with the

developer.
interaction
of
and
STDs
project workers with
HIV/AIDS using
protect
local communities.
aids such as video
themselves.
and
shows, pamphlets,
talks, etc.
- 104 -
contract
Authority
Sum
whole

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
indicators
Impacts on Socio-economic Environment (Cont'd)

Increased
road
Provision
of
To prevent fatal
Mitigation
accidents.
measures
Construction
Contractor
US$100
Phase
KML
sign
accidents
due
to
adequate warning
increased
vehicular
signs in human
impacts on socio-
Operational
Local
traffic to and from the
crossing
and
economic shall be
Phase
Authority
constructed shopping
speed
retarders
part of the overall
Road
mall
and/
or
contract
human
mechanisms
at
Document
crossing points .
contractor.
for
with
crossing
signs
and
speed
retarders will
be used
Impacts on Cultural and Historic sites
- 105 -
per
Detours,
access
To ensure the mall
Mitigation
and
is designed in the
measures
manner
which
roads
Poorly
developed
equipment
park
Construction
Contractor
One
NHCC
for
Phase
KML
staff
to
impacts
on
The
National
attached
and
provisions of
Heritage
project during
Conservation
construction
Commission
of areas near
be
to
shopping mall design
sites shall not be
take into account
Cultural
could
constructed
the provisions of
Historic sites shall
the
negatively on heritage
through
the
be part of the
Heritage
sites.
and Historic sites
overall
contract
Conservation
heritage sites
and other heritage
document with the
Commission
if fund during
sites.
contractor
shall apply.
excavation @
impact
Cultural
The
National
Heritage Act.
National
provisions of the
US$500/
National Heritage
month
Conservation
Commission shall
apply.
- 106 -

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
frequency and
Authority
Cost of Mitigation
Responsible
Indicators
Impacts on Cultural and Historic sites (Cont'd)

Detours,
access
that
Mitigation
by
measures
construction
sites shall not be
sensitive site are fund
constructed
within the construction
Cultural
reserve area.
Historic sites and
Dust may disfigure the
roads
appearance
equipment
site.in
case
of
the
Same
Construction
Contractor
Blow off the
for
Phase
KML
dust
impacts
on
Provisions of
National
US$100/hr
vehicles does not
Cultural
and
the
Heritage
hire charge of
near
settle on the site
Historic sites shall
Heritage
Conservation
compressor or
and
thereby
be part of the
Conservation
Commission
regularly
disfiguring it.
overall
Commission
water
the
shall apply.
gravel
or
and
park
other
heritage
sites.
Provisions
of
the
To
dust
ensure
caused
contract
document with the

contractor.
National
National
at
construction
of temporary
Heritage
enclosure
Conservation
around
Commission shall
protect
apply.
sensitive site
from dust.
- 107 -
to

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
for its
frequency and
Responsible
implementation
Indicators
Cost of Mitigation

Although
no
Construction
negative impacts on
shall
human
To
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
Liaison
problems
measures
for
Phase
KML
allowances
confined to the
associated with
impacts
on
Construction
Local Authority
US$100/ month
are foreseen since
shopping
resettlement
Human
will be restricted
Community
Relocation
construction
reserve area.
Settlements sites
to the shopping
Representatives
two
mall reserve
settlements
works
be
ensure
mall
issues
are
will be confined to
circumvented
shall be part of
the
during
the
however, extending
construction
contract
the works may affect
phase.
Document with
project
residential
site
overall
the contractor.
structures.
- 108 -
of
structures
US$ 10000

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
for its
frequency and
Responsible
implementation
Indicators
Cost of Mitigation

Although
no
Detour,
access
To avoid land-
Mitigation
use
measures
Construction
Contractor
Liaison
for
Phase
KML
allowances
on
Consultation
Local Authority
US$100/ month
negative impacts on
roads
human
equipment park
with the local
impacts
are foreseen since
site
communities.
Human
with the local
Community
construction
outside
the
Settlements sites
athourity as well
Representatives
will be confined to
construction site
shall be part of
as
the
shall be done in
the
community will,
consultation
document
with
the contractor
settlements
size
of
proposed
reserve
the
mall
however,
extending
construction
affect
works
the
the
may
nearby
and
location
ZEMA,
conflicts
contract
local people and

will
take
into
account existing
residential
land use in the
structures.
areas.
- 109 -
with
the
be done before
any activity
Construction of the
There shall be
To avoid land
Mitigation
shopping
no conversion of
ownership
measures
enhances
communal land
disputes with the
impacts
accessibility,
into state land
local
around
communities.
mall
mobility
economic
and
activities
for the communities

around the area.
Construction
Contractor
Liaison
for
Phase
KML
allowances
on
Proper
Local Authority
US$100/ month
Human
documentation
Community
Settlement sites
will be obtained
Representatives
constructed
shall be part of
on
strucure.
the
before
the
overall
contract
document
issue
construction can
with
the contractor
- 110 -
land
begin

Impact
Mitigation Measure
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
for its
frequency and
Responsible
implementation
Indicators
Cost of Mitigation

Construction of the
There shall be
To avoid land
Mitigation
shopping mall lead
no conversion of
ownership
measures
to increased human
communal land
disputes with the
impacts
settlements, changed
into state land
local
settlement patterns,
around
communities.
and
constructed
shall be part of
shopping mall i
the
commercial
activities around the

shopping mall
the
Construction
Contractor
Liaison
for
Phase
KML
allowances
on
Respected
Local Authority
US$100/ month
Human
settlements will
Community
Settlements sites
protected
Representatives
overall
contract with the

contractor
- 111 -
Construction of the
There shall be
To avoid land
Mitigation
shopping mall lead
no conversion of
ownership
measures
to
land
communal land
disputes with the
impacts
land
into state land
local
Human
land into state
Zambia Police
around
communities.
Settlements sites
land around the
Safety Council
constructed
shall be part of
constructed mall
mall.
the
increased
values
and
resource
tenure
around the mall
the
Operational
Contractor
Liaison
for
Phase
KML
allowances
on
No
Local Authority
US$100/ month
communal
overall
document
contract with the
contractor
The construction of
Speed limits of
To save lives of
Mitigation
the shopping mall
40km per hour
pedestrians and
measures
will
increase risks
shall
of
road
observed
accidents
traffic
to
communities around
the
the
mall.
be
near
shopping
Operational
Contractor
Speed humps @
Phase
KML
US$500 each
impact is part of
Speed limits and
Local Authority
the
human crossing
Zambia Police
Document with
including
Safety Council
the contractor
signs
this
contract
constructed
will
provided
shopping mall
- 112 -
road
be

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
for its
frequency and
Responsible
implementation
Indicators
Cost of Mitigation
Construction of the
Trees shall be
To
shopping mall may
planted
near
hazardous
lead to high traffic
settled areas to
emissions
volume which may

lead
filter
off
Mitigation
Operational
Contractor
US$20/per tree
planted
measures
for
Phase
KML
and
impacts
on
Trees shall be
Local Authority
minimize
also to act as
Human
hazardous
barriers to traffic
Settlements sites
emissions.
that may career
shall be part of
communities around
of the road and
the
the
cause
contract
health
to
increased
risks
mall
to
from
vehicle emissions.
accident
planted
overall
to nearby settled
document
areas.
the contractor
- 113 -
with
Noise
from
high
The mall will
To
traffic volumes using
have
disturbance
the shopping mall
hours
of
may
opperation
to
communities.
airport.
disturb
the
avoid
restricted
noise
disturbance.
avoid
communities.
to
Operational
Contractor
US$20/m2
Phase
KML
wall built to bar
this impact are
The mall will
Local Authority
the noise from
part
have
Mitigation
measures
for
of
the
restricted
overall contract
hours
document
opperation
with
the contractor
- 114 -
of
of
the settlements

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
for its
frequency and
Responsible
implementation
Indicators
Cost of Mitigation

Quarries and borrow
Quarrying shall
To avoid water
Mitigation
pits
not be done near
pollution which
measures
location
may
negatively impact on
surface
important ecological
sources.
water
units.
might
lead
to
Contractor
Haul of suitable
Phase
KML
gravel
to
impacts
of
Will
of
Quarries
and
the
Borrow
Pits
deprivation
water
for
Construction
local
shall be part of
community?
the
be
done
Local Authority
away
from
Local
surface
water
Community
@
3
US$0.35/m . km
sorces
overall
contract
document
with
the contractor
Quarries and borrow
There shall be
To preserve the
Mitigation
pits
no
Heritage sites.
measures
location
may
negatively impact on
near
important ecological
sites
units.
quarrying
Sensitive
this
Construction
Contractor
Haul of suitable
Phase
KML
gravel
impact is part of
Will be done in
Local Authority
the
areas that are not
National
sensitive
Heritage
contract
Document with
the contractor
Conservation
Commission
- 115 -
and
@
3
US$0.35/m . km
Excessive
noise
Quarrying shall
To avoid the risk
Mitigation
from blasting and
not be done near
associated with
measures
machinery
disturb
communities.
may
nearby
communities.
for
Construction
Contractor
Haul of suitable
Phase
KML
gravel
flying
pebbles
this impact are
No
quarrying
Local Authority
from
blasting
part
the
will
be
Mine
Tender
near
Department
of
communities
Ministry
of
operations
and
minimise
of
overall
Document.
disturbance from
done
Mines.
noise.
- 116 -
Safety
@
3
US$0.35/m . km

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
Indicators

Excessive noise from
Quarrying shall be
To
blasting
done
compliance
and
in
ensure
machinery may disturb
conformity to the
the
nearby communities.
Mines
quarrying.
and
Law
with
on
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
License
Phase
KML
about
impact is part of
Shall conform
Local
US$1,000 per
the
contract
to the mines
Authority
quarry
with
and minerals
Mine
ACT
Department of
measures
this
Minerals Act, No.
Document
31 of 1995.
the contractor
fees
Safety
Ministry
of
Mines.
Abandoned
pits
borrow
Borrow Pits shall
To
pose
not be done near
harbouring disease
measures
to
water sources and
causing organisms
impacts of Borrow
could
potential
hazard
ecological units and
human
and
residents.
settlements.
avoid
other
Mitigation
for
Operational
Contractor
Haul
Phase
DCA
suitable
This will be
Local
gravel
Pits shall be part
done
dangerous animals
of
that
contract document
may
find
the
these as suitable
with
habitats.
contractor.
Impacts of Traffic
- 117 -
overall
the
of
@
3
Authority
US$0.35/m .
from
Mine
km
settlements
Department of
away
Safety
Ministry
Mines.
of
Failure
to
established
might
use
Surveyors should
To avoid off-site
Mitigation
routes
not venture too far
impacts associated
Measures
away
with surveying.
impacts
result
in
surveyors'
vehicles
negatively
impacting
on the environment.
from
proposed
the
for
of
Design Phase
Contractor
US$20,000 to
Construction
KML
survey
Phase
Local
stake
Authority
project
Surveying shall be
Surveyors
site in order to
part of the overall
will
be
avoid impacts on
contract document
restricted
to
the
with
project site
surrounding
environment.
contractor
- 118 -
the
and

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Cost of Mitigation
Responsible
Indicators
Impacts of Traffic (Cont'd)
Construction
could
impact
undisturbed
traffic
Established routes
To maintain the
Mitigation
should
existing
measures
be
used
on
where possible in
environment
areas
order to reduce
the adjacent areas.
adjacent to the project.
impacting
in
on
Contractor
To
Phase
KML
existing
impact is part of
Established
Local
detours,
the
routes will be
Authority
maintenance
this
contract
Document
undisturbed areas.
with
use
@ US$5/m
used
the contractor
Construction
To
vehicles must only
necessary
use
disturbance
pre-
Construction
avoid
un-
Mitigation
Construction
Contractor
Maintenance
Phase
KML
of
impact is part of
Pre-
Local
predetermined
determines
Authority
DCAs
measures
of
this
determined access
traffic flow and
the
roads that should
cause danger to
Document
be determined in
other users.
the contractor
the design phase.
contract
with
access
are the only

ones
used
- 119 -
roads
to
be
existing/
US$55/m

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
Indicators
Impacts of Traffic (Cont'd)

Excessive dust from
Control of dust
To
construction
through watering
respiratory
of dust areas.
visibility problems
impact is part of
Watering
and the gathering
the
dust areas will
of dust on other
Document
protected
the contractor.
disturb
could
nearby
communities.
avoid
and
areas
Mitigation
measures
this
contract
with
Construction
Contractor
Water bowser
Phase
KML
US$50/hr
of
Local
Authority
be done
and property.
Increased
accidents
Provision
of
To save human
Mitigation
due to increased traffic
adequate warning
lives and injury
Measures
flow.
signs in black spot
that could arise as
areas and speed
retarders
accidents.
result
of
Operational
Contractor
US$100/
Phase
KML
DCA sign
impacts of traffic
Warning signs
Local
in black spot
Authority
overall
areas
Document.
for
Tender
and
speed
retarders will
be used
- 120 -
Advanced planning of
Development
safety
safety procedures
people
measures
and
equipment
requirements
of
operational
manual.
To
ensure
that
Operational
Contractor
US$800/
this
Phase
KML
month
undertaking these
impact is part of
Safety
Local
tasks
the
procedure and
Authority
know
Mitigation
contract
exactly what is to
Document
be done.
the contractor
with
operational
manual
will
be developed
- 121 -

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
Indicators
Impacts of Work Accidents (Cont'd)

Lack of enforcement
Enforcement
of
To safe guard the
Mitigation
of safety and health
Public health and
health and safety
Measures
regulations
safety regulations.
of workers.
Operational
Contractor
US$3,000/
Phase
KML
month
impacts of work
Public health
Local
impact negatively on
accidents shall be
as well safety
Authority
construction workers.
part of the overall
regulations
contract
will
could
for
Document
with
be
enforced
the contractor.
Advanced planning of
Selection of camp
To ensure camp
Mitigation
construction
siting
be
siting
measures
in
considered at the
consultation with
ZEMA,
siting.
camp
must
done
local
Design Phase
Contractor
US$1,000 for
Construction
KML
siting
impact is part of
Phase
ZEMA
planning
design phase and
the
Stakeholders
Local
communities
Document
will
Authority
is
are
authority and local
consulted well in
community.
advance.
this
contract
the contractor
with
be
consultanted
Local
Community
- 122 -
and
Loss of vegetation at
Clearing for camp
To
construction site.
siting
conserve
Mitigation
Contractor
Site clearance
Phase
KML
ZEMA
US$0.99/m2
must
be
vegetation around
measures
to
the
the camp site and
impact is part of
Clearing
actual site to avoid
protect
the
the
vegetation
vegetation loss on
from
extensive
a larger scale.
loss of vegetation
limited
site
Document
this
Construction
contract
with
the contractor.
will
of
Local
be
limited to site
Authority
Local
Community
- 123 -

Impact
Mitigation Measure
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Cost of Mitigation
Responsible
Indicators
Impacts of Construction Camps (Cont'd)

Waste generation at
Waste disposal to
To control waste
Mitigation
campsite.
be
at
disposal practices
Measures
sites
and avoid illegal
impacts
dumping.
construction
done
designated
approved by the
local authority.
camps
for
of
shall
be
part of the overall

contract document
with
contractor
- 124 -
the
Construction
Contractor
Disposal
of
Phase
KML
waste
To be done at
Local
US$0.10/ton.
approved site
Authority
km
by
ZEMA
authority
local
Interaction
of
construction
with
the
workers
nearby
There
shall
provision
be
To
prevent
the
Mitigation
of
transmission
of
Measures
for
Contractor
US$15,000
Phase
KML
Lump Sum
HIV/AIDS
Local
campaigns
Authority
education both to
sexually
impacts
communities may lead
the
transmitted
construction
to
community
diseases between
camps
be
will be done
CBO
camp workers on
the
part of the overall
on site and
Health
STDs
community
contract
community
transmission
sexually
diseases.
of
transmitted
local
and
and
local
and
of
Construction
shall
HIV/AIDS using
construction
Document
aids such as video
workers.
the contractor
shows, pamphlets,
talks, etc.
- 125 -
with
on

Mitigation Measure
Impact
Objective
Actions to be taken
Monitoring
Authority
frequency and
Responsible
Cost of Mitigation
Indicators
Impacts of Construction Camps(Cont'd)

(Cont'd from above)
Local people with
To
the
necessary
local
skills
shall
be
benefit from the
impacts
employed in the
project and also to
construction
project.
avoid immigration
camps
communities may lead
which may result
part of the overall
Department of
to
in land disputes
contract
Ministry
and
Document
Interaction
of
construction
with
the
workers
nearby
transmission
sexually
diseases.
of
transmitted
ensure
the
community
upheavals.
social
Mitigation
Measures
for
of
shall
the contractor
Construction
Contractor
US$2,500 per
Phase
KML
month
Local
Authority
be
with
Labour
of
Labour
Community
representative
- 126 -
Environmental Monitoring Plan

Environmental monitoring ensures that the impacts have been accurately
predicted and that appropriate mitigation measures are being implemented as
planned and that they have the expected effects. Identification of potential
environmental impacts associated with the reconstruction of the airport
indicates a need to design and implement a specific environmental monitoring
plan. The monitoring process begins with supervision of implementation. The
bulk of the activities may take place during the implementation stage. The
environmental objectives of these activities are to ensure mitigation measures
outlined in the contracts are being properly implemented, that environmental
contractual measures are being respected, construction is going in accordance
with the agreed design standards and that no unforeseen negative impacts are
occurring as a result of project execution.
The key components of the proposed environmental monitoring plan are

presented in Section 12.5 on Monitoring Activities and Indicators.
While it is appropriate to indicate that progressive construction will be

practised, this aspect of environmental management is not always possible as
some areas only become available at the end of the construction phase. As the
construction phase progress, the monitoring plan will be reviewed and
adjusted in accordance with project environmental management requirements
outlined in this report.
- 127 -
Table 10: Monitoring Activities and Indicators

Element to be
Method of Monitoring
Frequency of
Indicator
Means of Verification
Authority Responsible
Monitoring
Monitored
Land and Soil
Site
Land and Soil
Engineer
to
Periodical
Clean storage sites
Inspection Report is
Contractor's
make inspections of
inspections through
free from any oil or
available
Engineer
sites for storage of
out the Construction
fuel
Kafubu
materials, oil and
Phase
maintained through
spillage
fuels
and
ensure
out
they
have
sealed
Phase.
with
shopping
Site
KML
mall
Construction
surfaces.
Site
Engineer
inspect
the
to
waste
disposal sites.
Periodical
Waste oil is being
Inspection Report is
Contractor's
inspections through
disposed
available at KML
Engineer
designated sites and
Phase
in
the
of
in
KML
approved
method.
Site
Engineer
to
Periodical
Containers
for
Used
oil
ensure used oil is
inspections through
collection of used
serviced
being collected for
oil are available on
machinery has been
recycling.
Phase
site.
collected
containers.
- 128 -
from
plant
in
Contractor
Site
Site
Engineer
to
Once before the fuel
Bund wall design
Bund walls around
Contractor
inspect storage tanks
storage tanks are put
and
construction
fuel storage tanks
KML
and
ensure
they
to use.
plan
has
will be constructed.
have
bund
walls
been
developed approved
around them high
and is available.
enough to contain
any spillage.
- 129 -
Monitoring Activities and Indicators
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Land and Soil (Cont'd)
Land and Soil

(Cont'd)
The Site Engineer to
Daily
make
through
and
heavy
inspections
ensure
that
inspections
out
the
Construction Phase.
construction
Absence
of
Complaints
from
Contractor
caterpillar trampling
ZEMA
local
KML
in residential area
community
on
and cropland
invasion
of
the
equipment
is
settlements
and
confined
to
croplands
by
operational
only
and
areas
construction
avoids
equipment are non-
residential area and
existent.
cropland
Daily
inspections
undertake inspection
through
of earthworks and
Construction Phase.
out
the
ensure that slopes

are
graded
to
specifications.
- 130 -
Absence
gullies
of
rills,
Absence of erosion
Contractor
features.
KML
Once earthworks are
Each
completed, the Site
earthworks
are
Engineer
completed
through
should
monitor
the
restoration measures
out
time
Construction
Phase
to be implemented
such
as
Presence
of
re-
Restoration
Contractor
vegetation in erosion
programme for re-
KML
prone areas.
vegetation
of
exposed
soils
is
available
and
is
being implemented.
re-
vegetation
- 131 -
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Vegetation
Site
Vegetation
Engineer
ensure
to
that
Each time clearance
The
of
Area for vegetation
Contractor
of
vegetation cleared is
clearance is clearly
ZEMA
minimal
marked
and
is
confined
to
the
vegetation
is
excessive clearance
being done through
of
out
vegetation
is
avoided and should
area
Construction
Phase
designs.
be confined to the
project site.
Wildlife and Wildlife Habitat
Periodical
Absence of animal
Wildlife and Wildlife
carry out inspections
inspections through
damage to project
Habitat
and report evidence
out
site.
of wildlife intrusion
Phase
Construction
onto the project

Water Quality
- 132 -
Inspection report
Contractor
KML
Site
Water Quality
Engineer
to
Periodical
Clean water supply
Absence of water
Contractor
inspect and satisfy
inspections through
maintained through
pollution incidents
KML
that interceptors are
put in place and
Phase.
Phase.
working well.
- 133 -
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Water Quality (Cont'd)
Site
Water Quality
(Cont'd)
Engineer
Periodical
Clean water supply
Absence of water
Contractor
inspect and satisfy
inspections through
maintained through
pollution incidents
KML
that
where
liquids
Phase.
Phase.
Periodical
Clean water supply
Absence of water
Contractor
inspect and satisfy
inspections through
maintained through
pollution incidents
KML
that
Phase.
Phase.
Periodical
Clean water supply
Absence of water
Contractor
inspect and satisfy
inspections through
maintained through
pollution incidents
KML
that silt traps are put
along
Phase.
Phase.
areas
hazardous
are
to
stored
are
bunded.
Site
Engineer
water
concrete
to
from
batching
plants is treated.
Site
Engineer
to
drainage
systems;
- 134 -
Site
Engineer
Periodical
Clean water supply
Absence of water
Contractor
inspect and satisfy
inspections through
maintained through
pollution incidents
KML
that
Phase.
Phase.
Before construction
Construction is done
Pit latrine siting and
Contractor
of pit latrines.
according to design
construction report
KML
spoon
to
drains
have scour checks.

Site
Engineer
to
inspect and satisfy

that siting of pit
latrines
away
is
done
from
water
specifications.
logged areas;
- 135 -
Monitoring Activities and Indicator
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Water Quality (Cont'd)
Site
Engineer
to
Immediately there is
Operational
Presence
inspect and satisfy
a pollution incident
procedures are being
Operational Manual
Water Quality
that written detail of
during Construction
followed.
on site.
(Cont'd)
the procedures to be
Phase.
Regular inspections
Deposition of dust
Dust deposition on
Contractor
observe the level of
through
on surfaces such as
the
KML
dust
Construction Phase.
grasses, shrubs, trees
surroundings
during Construction.
and rooftops should
controlled.
Watering
down
decrease
should be done if
watering.
followed
in
of
Contractor
KML
the
event of pollution
incident is given to
the Site Engineer By
the Contractor.
Air Quality
Site
Air Quality
dust
Engineer
to
generated
levels
out
the
are
unacceptable.
- 136 -
with
immediate
is
Site
Engineer
to
Regular inspections
Exhaust
check and ensure
through
emissions
that
Construction Phase.
construction
vehicles
and
equipment
are
out
the
maintained in order
to reduce emission
of exhaust fumes;
- 137 -
controlled.
fume
are
Maintenance
Contractor
logbook is available
KML
on site.
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Air Quality (Cont'd)
Site
Air Quality
Engineer
Regular inspections
Unpleasant
inspect and ensure
through
are controlled.
that
Construction Phase.
toilets
cleaned
to
are
out
the
odours
Clean
toilet
environment
from
and
free
Contractor
KML
unpleasant
odours.
maintained to avoid
unpleasant odours.
Site
Engineer
Regular inspections
Controlled
inspect and ensure
through
disposal method.
waste is carefully
Construction Phase.
managed
disposed
to
out
the
and
of
in
designated places to
prevent
unpleasant
odours.
Noise
- 138 -
waste
Waste is dumped in
Contractor
designated places.
KML
Site
Noise
Engineer
to
Regular inspections
Noise levels at the
Number
monitor noise and
through
nearest
complaints of noise
vibrations on an ad-
Construction Phase.
out
the
hoc basis in order to

establish
minimised.
noise
levels at the project

site and the nearest
sensitive
and
receptors
should
receiver
not
exceed 90-decibels.
- 139 -
sensitive
are
disturbance
controlled.
of
is
Contractor
KML
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Noise (Cont'd)
Site
Engineer
to
Daily
inspections
Noise
check and ensure
through
Cont'd)
that working hours
Construction Phase.
out
the
are limited to day
Sleep disturbance is
Number
minimised.
complaints of sleep
disturbance
minimised.
light only;
Landscape and Aesthetics
- 140 -
of
is
Contractor
KML
Site
Landscape and
Aesthetics
Engineer
make
to
visual
inspection of earth
Daily
through
inspections
out
the
Construction Phase.
works to ensure that
reduced
are
to
Final landscape and
Contractor
aesthetic
KML
view
other
than those agreed

upon is not carried
out, particularly at
pit
sites,
temporary roads and

the
contractor's camp.
- 141 -
is
compatible with the

surrounding
environment.
excavation
around
alterations
minimum.
excessive
borrow
Landscape
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Land-use and surrounding environment
Contractor
shall
Before
Land-use and
ensure
that
local
Surrounding
people
with
Potential
Construction
planning for labour
construction
workers
requirements
shall
workers from the
recruited from the
Environment
necessary skills are
be done during the
local community are
local community
employed to work
Pre-Construction
identified.
on
Phase.
the
project
the
runway
to
migration
recruitment
avoid
and
settlement near the

airport
by
construction
workers
who
are
taken from far areas.
- 142 -
Contractor
are
KML
Planning
for
monitor and ensure
detours,
that detours, access
roads and equipment
equipment park site
equipment park site
roads and equipment
park site location
location have taken
location are being
park site location
shall be done during
into
implemented
takes into account
the Pre-Construction
existing land use in
according
the existing land use
Phase.
settled areas
specifications.
access
in settled areas and

game park area
- 143 -
Designs for detours,
Designs for detours,
Contractor
access
access
KML
roads
account
and
the
roads
and
to
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Socio-economic Environment
Contractor
Socio-economic
Situation
shall
Planning
for
Programme
for
Target
group
for
Contractor
conduct and ensure
education both to
education both to
receiving education
KML
that
the
the
on
Local Community
education
is
construction
construction
STDs
and
given both to the
workers and local
workers and local
HIV/AIDS
construction
community on STDs
community on STDs
identified and the
workers and local
and HIV/AIDS shall
and HIV/AIDS is
programme is being
community on STDs
be done during the
developed
implemented during
and
Pre-Construction
the
Phase.
Phase.
Phase.
HIV/AIDS
using aids such as

video
shows,
pamphlets, talks is
disseminated.
- 144 -
during
is
Construction
CBO
Site
Engineer
to
Planning
for
Black spot areas are
Warning signs and
Contractor
check and ensure
erection of warning
identified
for
speed retarders in
KML
that
signs in black spot
erection of warning
black spot areas and
Local Authority
areas
signs
pedestrian
DCA Safety Council
warning
adequate
signs
in
and
speed
and
speed
retarders
at
retarders
and
are
speed retarders at
pedestrian crossing
included
in
the
site shall be done in
overall
designs
Phase.
- 145 -
airport
constructed.
are

Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
for
Shopping mall design,
Detours, access roads
of
which takes into account
and equipment park sites
KML
protection of Cultural
are constructed outside
NHCC
Monitoring
Monitored
Cultural and Historic Sites
Site Engineer to monitor
Planning
and ensure that detours,
construction
Cultural and Historic
access roads and
Sites
equipment park sites are
roads and equipment
and Historic Sites is
not constructed near
park sites shall be
developed.
Sites during the
done in the Pre-
Sites and other heritage
Construction Phase.
detours,
access
sites.
Human Settlements
- 146 -
Construction Phase.
Contractor
Site
Human Settlements
Engineer
to
Planning
for
Exploitation
of
inspect and satisfy
exploitation of water
water
that exploitation of
resources from the
from
the
local
water sources for
local
community
for
rehabilitation works
shall be done during
construction
is
shopping
approval from the
Phase
controlled.
local authority and
consultation with the
with consent from
Local authority and
the
local community.
done
with
local
community
in
community.
- 147 -
resources
of
mall
is
Water
to
local
community
is
available.
Contractor
KML
Local Authority
Local community
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Human Settlements (Cont'd)
Site
Human Settlements
(Cont'd)
Engineer
to
Planning
for
Black spot areas are
Warning signs and
Contractor
check and ensure
erection of warning
identified
for
speed retarders in
KML
that
signs in black spot
erection of warning
black spot areas are
Local Authority
areas
signs
constructed.
adequate
warning
signs
in
and
speed
and
speed
retarders
at
retarders
and
are
speed retarders at
crossing site shall be
included
in
the
pedestrian crossing
done in the Pre-
overall
site are erected in
Construction Phase.
designs
Planning
Shopping
airport
settlement areas
Site
Quarries and Borrow
Pits
Engineer
to
monitor and ensure
exploitation
that
construction
quarries
and
for
of
Quarries and borrow
Contractor
design, which takes
areas
KML
into
account
outside
protection
of
resources catchment
located
the
water
materials
located near surface
quarries and borrow
water resources is
areas
water sources.
areas shall be done
developed.
Construction Phase.
the
Pre-
Construction Phase.
- 148 -
the
are
borrow areas are not
in
from
mall
during
the
Ministry of Mines
Site Engineer to monitor
Planning
and ensure that quarries
exploitation
and borrow areas are not
construction
located near Cultural and
materials
Historic Sites.
for
Airport design, which
Quarries and borrow
Contractor
of
takes into account
areas are located far
KML
conservation measures
away from Cultural and
Ministry of Mines
of Cultural and Historic
Historic Sites during the
NHCC
Sites is developed.
Construction Phase.
from
quarries and borrow

areas shall be done
in
the
Pre-
Construction Phase.
- 149 -
Element to be
Frequency of
Indicator
Monitoring
Monitored
Site
Quarries and Borrow
Pits
(Cont'd)
Engineer
to
Planning
monitor and ensure
exploitation
that
construction
quarries
and
for
of
mall
Quarries and borrow
Contractor
design, which takes
areas are located far
KML
into
account
away from the local
Ministry of Mines
protection
of
community
Local Authority
borrow areas are not
materials
located
quarries and borrow
local community is
the
areas shall be done
developed.
Phase.
Operational Manual
Operational Manual
Contractor
nearby
communities.
in
the
from
Shopping
the
during
Construction
Pre-
Construction Phase.
Work Accidents
Site
Work Accidents
Engineer
to
Periodical
monitor and ensure
inspection
through
on Safety, Health
on Safety, Health
KML
that the procedures
and Environment for
and Environment for
Local Authority
on Safety, Health
Phase.
construction
construction
and Environment for
workers
construction
developed
workers are being
available on site.
followed during the
is
and
workers
- 150 -
being
implemented during
the
Phase.
Construction Phase.
is
Construction
Construction Camps
Site
Construction Camps
Engineer
to
Periodically through
Designated
monitor and ensure
disposal
that waste disposal
Phase.
identified
is
done
designated
approved
in
available.
sites
by
the
local authority and

ZEMA.
- 151 -
waste
site
is
and
Waste
is
being
dumped
designated sites.
in
Contractor
KML
Local Authority
ZEMA
Institutional Framework for Monitoring, Reporting & Supervision
1.1.76. Establishment of Collaborating Network

In order to ensure that the identified environmental issues are addressed both
during and after construction of the shopping mall there will be need by the
Kafubu mall limited to collaborate with key stakeholders. The collaborating
network should also involve representatives from the affected local authorities
( Ndola City Council), representatives of District Development Co-ordinating
Committees, representatives of CBOs in affected project area and
representatives of the Zambia Environmental Management Agency. The main
objective of this collaborating network is to ensure that the Contractor is
properly implementing mitigation measures outlined in the contracts and also
that Kafubu mall supervision is complemented by encouraging greater use of
local authorities and local community as part of project monitoring team. The
main responsibilities of the collaborating network will be to:
Complement the efforts for continuous monitoring and assessment of the

implementation of the environmental management plan by Kafubu mall
limited and other relevant institutions;
Assist in the sensitization of the local communities with regard to
environmental problems and their obligation;
Liaise with respective local communities on environmental issues which
may arise during the reconstruction and operation of the shopping mall.
1.1.77. Monitoring Arrangements

To avoid deliberate creation of gaps between what is reflected in the
mitigation plan and what actually gets implemented on the ground, the
contracts must spell out the sanctions for non-compliance with mitigation
measures. Monitoring will involve field visits by Kafubu mall limited staff
accompanied by representatives from the local authority in the affected area
being visited. The rationale to involve the local authority members in
monitoring in their area of jurisdiction is to ensure greater use and
participation of local community in project monitoring. This approach is also
- 152 -
to ensure that the particular project concerns expressed by the communities

during the public consultation meeting (EIA Scoping exercise) receive
attention in the project implementation.
1.1.78. Reporting Procedure and Flow of Information

The Kafubu Mall Limited will compile a quarterly Environmental Report from
the field visits that will form the basis for assessment of environmental
performance. The report will contain the results of the environmental
monitoring and the need for plan adjustment. The report will be circulated to
local authorities in the affected project areas and to other key stakeholders for
review and comment. If there are any comments from the stakeholders these
will be communicated to Kafubu shopping mall limited for possible follow up
and for possible corrective action to be undertaken by the Contractor. The key
stakeholders are outlined in Table 12.1 on Monitoring and Reporting
Responsibilities.

All major stakeholders in the Project have a monitoring role and responsibility
during the construction phase. However, only the Consultant, the Zambia
environmental Management Agency (ZEMA), Kafubu Mall Limited are
allocated specific and formal monitoring obligations.
During the construction phase, Kafubu Mall Limited will ensure that the
contractor implement the mitigation measures recommended in the EIS.
Further, the Kafubu mall limited will ensure that construction workers are
sensitized with regard to environmental problems and their obligation. In
addition, Kafubu mall limited will liaise with respective government agencies
such as local authorities in the affected areas and Zambia Environmental
Management Agenc on environmental issues, which may arise during the
construction of the shopping mall phase.
Traffic police, RDA, Forestry Department, health authorities and other public
authorities will automatically monitor some of the effects of the Project during
their daily work. This information should on a regular basis be collected and
- 153 -
analysed by those with a formal monitoring responsibility such as the ZEMA

staff. The following table illustrates the different stakeholders and their
monitoring responsibilities and reporting.
Table 11: Monitoring and Reporting Responsibilities

RESPONSIBLE
PARAMETERS TO BE
ORGANISATION
MONITORED
ZEMA
Overall
OUTPUT
environmental
performance of the Project
Discussions
with
Kafubu mall limited/

Site Engineer
Kafubu
shopping
mall/contractor
Monitoring the implementation
Regular
of EMP
environmental
Overall
environmental
Construction
Engineer
materials
Implementation
methods
reports
to
stakeholders
performance of the Project

Contractor/Site
progress
and
Regular
environmental
of
mitigating
progress
reports
to
measures for air, water, soil,
ZEMA
traffic, Noise, vegetation, etc.
Incident reports as and
Environmental management of
when
worksites
(Pollution, accidents,
etc.)
construction camps
shopping mall
quarries and borrow pits
Contractors waste management
Rehabilitation
worksites
- 154 -
of
abandoned
required
by
Kafubu
Table on Monitoring and Reporting Responsibilities (Cont'd)

RESPONSIBLE
PARAMETERS TO BE
ORGANISATION
MONITORED
Contractor/Site
Performance
Engineer
equipment
of
OUTPUT
Contractors
Regular
environmental
Accidents
(traffic,
pollution
progress
reports
to
spills, etc.)
ZEMA
Community relations
Incident reports as and
Negative
social
and
when
required
environmental impacts
(Pollution, accidents,
Gender balance in employment
etc.) by Kafubun mall

limited
Contractor
Environmental performance of
Maintenance records
equipment
Accidents reports
Implementation
of
mitigating
measures
Mitigating actions
Log sheet records
Occupational health and safety

Traffic and worksite accidents
Air quality
ZEMA
Conducting spot checks on the
Instructions
to
the
impacts
Contractor
and
the
on
vegetation
and
wildlife
Consultant/Site
Engineer
NHCC
Impacts on Cultural and Historic
Instructions
to
the
Sites
Contractor
and
the
Consultant/Site
Engineer
Forestry Department
Impacts on vegetation and trees
Instructions
to
the
Contractor
and
the
Consultant/Site
Engineer
Traffic Police
Local authorities
Traffic accidents
Police
Traffic nuisances
instructions
Traffic safety measures
Contractor
Negative
social
environmental impacts
and
reports
Complaints
Contractor
Consultant/Site
- 155 -
and
to
to
and
Engineer

The local authorities, ZEMA, the Forest Department, Department of
Agriculture, water affairs as well as the Road Development Agency should be
responsible for monitoring and management of all indirect impacts occurring
after the construction of the shopping mall .
It is proposed that a working relationship is established between ZEMA, the

local business associations and the mall user groups to ensure appropriate
accident monitoring during operational phase
- 156 -
Scheduling of Mitigation Measures and Monitoring of Performance
1.1.81. Table12 : Implementation Schedule of Mitigation Measures

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULLE OF MITIGATION MEASURES
YEAR 1
ACTIVITY
Q1
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Land and Soil

Construct concrete loading bay at petroleum products dispensing points
Construct concrete sealed surfaces for storage sites of oil, chemicals & other potential pollutants
Procure metal drums for collection and storage of used oil & lubricants
Construct reinforced concrete bund walls & slab around petroleum storage tanks.
Control soil erosion through tree/ grass planting and or stone pitching
Construct concrete headwalls, aprons and wing-walls to prevent soil erosion near culverts
Carry out linear maintenance of the culverts & drainage channels
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Vegetation
Control dust generation through watering of dust areas when levels exceed limits
Sensitize the communities around the project areas about the importance of forest conservation
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats
Identify borrow sites for gravel material outside game area to avoid loss of habitat
Erect warning signs in identified wildlife areas to warn users on the presence of wildlife
Erect speed humps in wildlife areas to limit speed
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Water Quality
- 157 -
Q2
Q3
YEAR 2
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
YEAR 3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Plant sides of runway drainage with grass or stone pitch to prevent siltation of nearby water
courses
Construct scour checks on drainage system using stone masonry
- 158 -
Table for Implementation schedule of Mitigation Measures (Cont'd)

YEAR 1
ACTIVITY
Q1
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Water Quality (Cont'd)

Construct silt traps along drainage channels
Identify pit latrine sites away from water sources & water logged areas
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Air Quality
Carry out regular maintenance of construction vehicles to control emission of exhaust fumes
Control dust emission through watering of dust areas when levels exceed limits
Control unpleasant odours by regular maintenance of pit latrines & solid waste disposal sites
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Noise
Ensure construction equipment working hours are limited to day light to avoid sleep disturbance
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Landscape and Aesthetics
Maintain areas of scenic view & avoid disfigurement of natural landscape & aesthetic view
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Land-use and surrounding environment
Employ local people with the necessary skills to avoid unplanned settlements from migrants
Construct detours, access roads in consultation with NCC,RDA and local community
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Socio-economic Environment
Sensitize the construction workers & local community on dangers of STDs and HIV/AIDS.
Employ local people with the necessary skills to avoid social upheavals
Erect DCA signs in settled areas to prevent fatal accidents
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Cultural and Historic Sites
Identify borrow sites for gravel material outside cultural and historic sites
- 159 -
Q2
Q3
YEAR 2
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
YEAR 3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Engage one NHCC Officer to work with the project in identified areas of cultural & historic sites
- 160 -
Table for Implementation schedule of Mitigation Measures (Cont'd)

YEAR 1
ACTIVITY
Q1
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Human Settlements

Construct detour & access roads outside human settlements
Provide speed retardars in settled areas
Install pedestrian crossing signs and corresponding signs in settled areas
Plant trees in settled project areas to control hazardous emissions from reaching the community
Install noise barriers in settled project areas
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Quarries and Borrow Pits
Select quarry and borrow pit areas outside wildlife areas
Select quarry and borrow pit areas outside cultural and historic sites
Select quarry and borrow pit areas away from human settlements
Select quarry and borrow pit areas away from water sources
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Road Traffic
Provide sufficient road signs to inform motorists of works animal corridors to avoid disruption to
traffic flow
Control dust levels by watering of detour and access roads to avoid disruption to traffic flow
Implementation of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Construction Camps
Locate construction camps in liaison with the Ndola city council and local community
Identify site for disposal of solid waste in liaison with NCC and local community
Liaise with Local Authority & sensitize camp workers on dangers of STDs and HIV/AIDS.
- 161 -
Q2
Q3
YEAR 2
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
YEAR 3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
1.1.82. Table for Implementation Schedule of Monitoring

MONITORING SCHEDULLE OF PERFORMANCE
YEAR 1
ACTIVITY
Q1
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Land and Soil
Assess the condition of land and soil at storage sites with respect to soil contamination
Check for availability of designated dumpsites for disposal of construction wastes
Check for availability of metal drums for collection and storage of used oil & lubricants on site
Check for presence of concrete bund walls & slab around petroleum storage tanks on site
Check if there exist caterpillar trampling in croplands at project site
Check if there exist hills and gullies around the project site
Check for existence of re-vegetation programme in erosion prone areas
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Vegetation
Assess the extent of vegetation clearance in project areas
Check for existence of awareness program for communities on importance of forest conservation
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Wildlife and Wildlife Habitats
Check if there exist animal damage to project site
Check if there exist animal accidents in identified wildlife areas
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Water Quality
Assess the quality of drinking water sources likely to be contaminated by project activities
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Air Quality
Check for condition of dust level emissions and deposition on surrounding areas
- 162 -
Q2
Q3
YEAR 2
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
YEAR 3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Check for exhaust fume emission levels from construction vehicles and equipment
Check for condition of pit latrines & solid waste disposal sites
- 163 -
Table for Implementation Schedule of Monitoring (Cont'd)

MONITORING SCHEDULLE
YEAR 1
ACTIVITY
Q1
Q2
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Noise

Check for existence of complaints of noise & sleep disturbance from communities at project site
Check if the hours of operation of construction equipment are limited to day light only
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Landscape and Aesthetics
Check for the extent of landscape alterations and disfigurement of aesthetic view
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Land-use and surrounding environment
Assess if constructed detours, access roads are in conflict with local community landuse interests
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Socio-economic Environment
Check for existence of programs on STDs & HIV/AIDS for workers & local community
Assess No. of local people employed with necessary skills in relation to people from outside
Check for existence of road signs in settled areas that prevent fatal accidents
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Cultural and Historic Sites
Assess the location of borrow pits for gravel material in relation to cultural and historic sites
Check for presence of NHCC Officer working on the project in areas of cultural & historic sites
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts on Human Settlements
Check if there exist shortage of water resources for community due to exploitation for shopping
mall works
Assess location of constructed detour & access roads in relation to human settlements
Check for existence of speed retardars in human settlement areas
- 164 -
Q3
YEAR 2
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
YEAR 3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Check for existence of tree planting programs in human settled areas to control emissions
Check for existence of noise barriers in human settlement areas
- 165 -
Table for Implementation Schedule of Monitoring (Cont'd)

MONITORING SCHEDULLE
YEAR 1
ACTIVITY
Q1
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Quarries and Borrow Pits
Assess the location of quarry and borrow pit areas in relation to wildlife areas
Assess the location of quarry and borrow pit areas in relation to cultural and historic sites
Assess the location of quarry and borrow pit areas in relation to human settlements
Assess the location of quarry and borrow pit areas in relation to drinking water sources
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Road Traffic
Check if exist traffic congestion at project site due to insufficient signs & alternative routes
Check for existence of traffic accidents due to high dust levels & lack of detour and access roads
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Work Accidents
Check for existence of programs & adherence to procedures on Safety, Health and Environment
Check if there exist work accidents at project sites
Observe the Performance of Mitigation Measures for Impacts of Construction Camps
Check if the local community was consulted over workers camp siting
Check if the local community was consulted over waste disposal siting
Check for existence of programs to sensitize camp workers on dangers of STDs and HIV/AIDS.
- 166 -
Q2
Q3
YEAR 2
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
YEAR 3
Q4
Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Conclusions
The findings from the Environmental Impact Assessment show that although
the proposed shopping mall is expected to have a number of negative impacts
on the environment, most of these are anticipated to occur during the
construction phases and are mitigated in the overall shopping mall design.
Generally, the proposed shopping mall is planed to follow most efficient
environmental management systems thus the potential impacts are therefore
reduced.
Recommendations
The study has proposed an Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan
(EMP) to addres the management of the identified environmental issues
associated with the project .The plan consists of implementing the listed
components stated below as follows:
1. Implementing the Impact Mitigation Plan

2. Monitoring the implementation of the EMP
3. Institutional Framework for Monitoring, Reporting and Supervision of
EMP
The mitigation of the negative impacts on biophysical environment will be

part of the shopping mall design. The negative social impacts will require
some level of intervention as outlined below:
Improvement and expansion of social facilities and services

Collaboration with local stakeholders to counter social upheavals
Sex education campaigns to fight HIV/AIDS threats
Provision of alternative social services, facilities and jobs for local people
affected by the project.
- 167 -
The mitigation measures will require constant information flow and

consultation with the stakeholders to ensure the least adverse social-economic
impact from the project. The project area of influence outweigh the nodevelopment scenario. The project is therefore being recommended for
implementation assuming the incorporation of the recommended mitigating
measures and implementation of the Impact Mitigation Plan.
- 168 -
Appendix 1: List of People Met/ Consulted
- 169 -
Appendix 2: Checklist
MONITORING AND SUPERVISION CHECKLIST
PROJECT SITE/LOCATION :.. DISTRICT:
FORM A.
MITIGATION MEASURES REQUIRED & AGREED
AGREED MITIGATION MEASURES/
RESPONSIBILITY FOR
ACTIVITY TO BE PERFORMED
IMPLEMENTATION
1. LAND & SOIL
1.1
1.2
1.3
etc
2. VEGETATION
2.1
2.2
2.3
etc
3. WILDLIFE & WILDLIFE HABITAT
3.1
- 170 -
PHYSICAL PROGRESS ON IMPLEMENTATION
>75%
75% - 55%
55% - 45%
<45%
Good
Average
Fair
Poor
3.2
3.3
etc
4. WATER QUALITY
4.1
4.2
etc
5. AIR QUALITY
5.1
5.2
etc
- 171 -

MITIGATION MEASURES REQUIRED & AGREED (Cont'd)
RESPONSIBILITY FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
6. NOISE
6.1
6.2
6.3
etc
7. LANDSCAPE & AESTHETICS
7.1
7.2
7.3
etc
8. LAND--USE & SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
8.1
8.2
8.3
- 172 -
>75%
75% - 50%
55% - 45%
< 45%
Good
Average
Fair
Poor
etc
9. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
9.1
9.2
9.3
etc
10. CULTURAL & HISTORIC SITES
10.1
10.2
10.3
etc
- 173 -

RESPONSIBILITY FOR
IMPLEMENTATION
11. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS
11.1
11.2
11.3
etc
12. QUARRIES & BORROW PITS
12.1
12.2
12.3
etc
13. ROAD TRAFFIC
13.1
13.2
13.3
- 174 -
>75%
75% - 50%
55% - 45%
< 45%
Good
Average
Fair
Poor
etc
14. WORK ACCIDENTS
14.1
14.2
14.3
etc
15. CONSTRUCTION CAMPS
15.1
15.2
15.3
etc
- 175 -

FORM B:
PERFORMANCE OF MITIGATION MEASURES OBSERVED
CONSTRAINTS/DIFFICULTIES OF
OBSERVED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
IMPLEMENTATION
GOOD
FAIR
POOR
1. LAND & SOIL

1.1
1.2
1.3
etc
2. VEGETATION
2.1
2.2
2.3
etc
3. WILDLIFE & WILDLIFE HABITAT
3.1
3.2
3.3
- 176 -
AGREED FOLLOW UP ACTIONS
etc
4. WATER QUALITY
4.1
4.2
4.3
etc
5. AIR QUALITY
5.1
5.2
5.3
etc
- 177 -

PERFORMANCE OF MITIGATION MEASURES OBSERVED (Cont'd)
CONSTRAINTS/DIFFICULTIES OF
OBSERVED LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE
IMPLEMENTATION
GOOD
FAIR
POOR
6. NOISE
6.1
6.2
6.3
etc
7. LANDSCAPE & AESTHETICS
7.1
7.2
7.3
etc
8. LAND-USE & SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT
8.1
8.2
8.3
- 178 -
AGREED FOLLOW UP ACTIONS
etc
9. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT
9.1
9.2
9.3
etc
10. CULTURAL & HISTORIC SITES
10.1
10.2
10.3
etc
- 179 -


GOOD
FAIR
RESPONSIBILITY FOR IMPLEMENTATION
POOR
11. HUMAN SETTLEMENTS

11.1
11.2
11.3
etc
12. QUARRIES & BORROW PITS
12.1
12.2
12.3
etc
13. ROAD TRAFFIC
13.1
13.2
13.3
- 180 -
etc
14. WORK ACCIDENTS
14.1
14.2
14.3
etc
15. CONSTRUCTION CAMPS
15.1
15.2
15.3
etc
- 181 -

FORM C:
COMMENTS ON ANY UNFORESEEN ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS
ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
PROPOSED ACTION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
- 182 -
RESPONSIBILITY
9.
10.
etc
- 183 -

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENT

FOR THE PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION OF A

Preparatory Works ..........................................................................................................22

Organizing Implementation of a Project .........................................................................22

Approval and Awarding of Contracts .............................................................................23

Supervision of Physical Work .........................................................................................23

OBJECTIVES OF THE EIA .....................................................................................................................27

National Conservation Strategy ......................................................................................32

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK ....................................................................................32

Environmental Protection and Pollution Control Act, Chapter 204 ............................... 32

EIA Legislative Requirements .........................................................................................32

OTHER ACTS REVIEWED RELEVANT TO THE CONSTRUCTION OF A SHOPPING MALL ..........................34

National Council for construction Act ............................................................................34

Town and Country Planning Act, Chapter 283 ..........................................................35

Forest Act, Chapter 199 .............................................................................................35

Water Resources Management Act No 21 of 2011 .....................................................36

National Heritage Conservation Commission Act .....................................................36

The Land Act of 1995 .................................................................................................37

The Lands Acquisition Act No. 2 of 1970 ...................................................................37

Mines and Minerals Act, Chapter 32 .........................................................................38

Road and Traffic Control Act, Chapter 464 ............................................................... 38

Local Government Act, Chapter 281 ..........................................................................38

Public Health Act, Chapter 295 .................................................................................39

Factories Act, Chapter 441 ........................................................................................39

Petroleum Act, Chapter 439 .......................................................................................39

Energy Regulation Act, Chapter 436..........................................................................40

INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL CONVENTIONS ................................................................................40

PROJECT DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................41

Phases in Shopping mall construction .......................................................................43

DECOMMISSIONING AND CLOSURE.....................................................................................................50

Sources of Raw materials for shopping Mall .............................................................51

Raw materials During Construction ..........................................................................51

Waste Products during Construction Phase ............................................................... 54

Waste Products during Operational Phase ................................................................ 55

ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVE SHOPPING MALL CONSTRUCTION ..........................................................56

Option A: Do Nothing; ............................................................................................... 56

PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF PROJECT SITE & ITS SURROUNDINGS .............................1

Flora and Vegetation ...................................................................................................8

Fauna around the project area area ............................................................................9

SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................10

Major Demographic Characteristics .........................................................................10

Economic Profile Around the project area ................................................................ 10

Land Tenure Systems ..................................................................................................11

CULTURAL ENVIRONMENT ..........................................................................................................13

Archaeological, Cultural and Historical Sites ...........................................................13

PUBLIC MEETINGS/ CONSULTATIONS ......................................................................................14

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................19

IMPACTS ON VEGETATION ..................................................................................................................20

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................20

IMPACTS ON WILDLIFE AND WILDLIFE HABITATS ..............................................................................21

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................21

IMPACTS ON WATER QUALITY ............................................................................................................21

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................21

IMPACTS ON AIR QUALITY ..................................................................................................................22

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................22

IMPACTS OF NOISE .............................................................................................................................. 22

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................22

IMPACTS ON LANDSCAPE AND AESTHETICS ........................................................................................23

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................23

IMPACTS ON LAND-USE AND SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT .............................................................. 24

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................24

IMPACTS ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ..................................................................................24

Construction Phase ....................................................................................................24