19.

1 Introduction
A two-port network is an electrical network
with two separate ports for input and output.

Two-Port Networks

Chapter 19
ch19 Two-Port Networks

19.2 Impedance Parameters, z

Impedance Parameters, z
z11 =
z 21 =

V1 = z11I1 + z12I 2
V2 = z 21I1 + z 22I 2

z12 =

2 =0

V2
I1 I

V1
I 2 I =0
1

, z 22 =
2 =0

V2
I 2 I =0
1

z11 = Open-circuit input impedance

z12 = Open-circuit transfer impedance from port 1 to port 2

V1 z11 z12 I1
I1
V = z
I = [z ]I
z
2
2 21 22 2
ch19 Two-Port Networks

V1
I1 I

z21 = Open-circuit transfer impedance from port 2 to port 1

z22 = Open-circuit output impedance
3

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Fig 19.3

Fig 19.4 & Fig 19.5

z11 =

V1
V
, z 21 = 2
I1
I1

z12 =

V1
V
, z 22 = 2
I2
I2

ch19 Two-Port Networks

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Fig 19.6

Example 19.1
Determine the z parameters for the circuit in Fig. 19.7.
Solution:

1
V1 = V2 , I1 = nI 2
n

z11 =
z 21 =
z12 =
z 22 =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

V1
I1
V2
I1
V1
I2
V2
I2

(20 + 40)I1
= 60
I1

40I1
= 40
I1

40I 2
= 40
I2

(30 + 40)I 2
= 70
I2

I 2 =0

I 2 =0

I1 =0

I1 =0

60 40
Thus [z ] =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

40 70

Practice Problem 19.1

Example 19.2

Find the z parameters of the two-port network in Fig. 19.9.

Find I1 and I2 in the circuit in Fig. 19.10.

Solution:
V1 = 40I1 + j 20I 2
V2 = j 30I1 + 50I 2
Since V1 = 1000, V2 = 10I 2
100 = 40I1 + j 20I 2
10I 2 = j 30I1 + 50I 2 I1 = j 2I 2
100 = j80I 2 + k 20I 2 I 2 =

100
=j
j100

Since I 2 = j 2( j ) = 2, thus I1 = 200 A, I 2 = 1 90 A

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Practice Problem 19.2

ch19 Two-Port Networks

10

19.3 Admittance Parameters, y

Find I1 and I2 in the circuit in Fig. 19.11.

I1 = y11V1 + y12 V2
I 2 = y 21V1 + y 22 V2
I1 y11
I = y
2 21

y12 V1

y 22 V2
V
= [y ] 1
V2

ch19 Two-Port Networks

11

ch19 Two-Port Networks

12

Admittance Parameters, y
y11 =

I1
,
V1 V =0

y12 =

y 21 =

Fig 19.13

I1
V2 V =0
1

I
I2
, y 22 = 2
V2 V =0
V1 V =0
2

y11 =

V1
V
, y 21 = 2
I1
I1

y12 =

V1
V
, y 22 = 2
I2
I2

y11 = Short-circuit input admittance

y12 = Short-circuit transfer admittance from port 1 to port 2
y21 = Short-circuit transfer admittance from port 2 to port 1
y22 = Short-circuit output admittance
ch19 Two-Port Networks

13

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Example 19.3

Practice Problem 19.3

Obtain the y parameters for the network shown in

Fig. 19.14.
Solution:

Obtain the y parameters for the T network shown in

Fig. 19.16.

4
I
V1 = I1 (4 || 2) = I1 y11 = 1
3
V1

8
I
V2 = I 2 (8 || 2) = I 2 y 22 = 2
5
V2

14

I1
= 0.75S
4
V2 =0
I1
3
2
I1
4
2
I2
I2 =
= 3 = 0.5S
I1 = I1 y12 =
4
4+2
3
V1 V =0
I1
2
3

I2
= 0.625S
8
V1 =0
I2
5
4
I1
8
4
I1
5
I1 =
=
= 0.5S
I 2 = I 2 y 21 =
8
8+ 2
5
V2 V =0
I1
1
5
ch19 Two-Port Networks

15

ch19 Two-Port Networks

16

Example 19.4

Example 19.4

Determine the y parameters for the T network shown

in Fig. 19.17.

V1 Vo
V V 0
= 2I 1 + o + o
8
2
4
V Vo
V Vo 3Vo
0= 1
+
But I1 = 1
8
8
4

At node 1,

0 = V1 Vo + 6Vo V1 = 5Vo I1 =
y11 =

5Vo Vo
= 0.75 Vo
8

I1 0.75Vo
= 0.15 S
=
V1
5Vo

Vo 0
+ 2I1 + I 2 = 0 I 2 = 0.25Vo 1.5Vo = 1.25Vo
4
1.25Vo
I
y 21 = 2 =
= 0.25 S
V1 5Vo
At node 2,

ch19 Two-Port Networks

17

Example 19.4

18

Practice Problem 19.4

Similarly, we get y12 and y 21 using Fig.19.18(b).

Determine the y parameters for the T network shown

in Fig. 19.19.

0 Vo
V V V2
At node 1,
= 2I 1 + o + o
8
2
4
0 Vo
V V V V2
But I1 =
0= o + o + o
8
8
2
4
0 = Vo + 4Vo + 2Vo 2V2 V2 = 2.5Vo
y12 =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

I1 Vo /8
=
= 0.05 S
V2 2.5Vo

Vo V2
+ 2I 1 + I 2 = 0
4
2V
1
I 2 = 0.25Vo (2.5)Vo o = 0.625Vo
4
8
I 2 0.625Vo
y 22 =
=
= 0.25 S
V2
2.5Vo
At node 2,

Notice that y12 y 21 in this case, since the network isn' t reciprocal.
ch19 Two-Port Networks

19

ch19 Two-Port Networks

20

19.4 Hybrid Parameters, h

Hybrid Parameters, h
h11 =

V1
V
, h12 = 1
I1 V =0
V2 I =0
2

h 21 =

I2
I
, h 22 = 2
I1 V =0
V2 I =0
2

V1 = h11I1 + h12 V2

h11 = Short-circuit input impedance

I 2 = h 21I1 + h 22 V2

h12 = Open-circuit reverse voltage gain

V1 h11 h12 I1
I
= [h] 1
I = h

2 21 h 22 V2
V2

h21 = Short-circuit forward current gain

ch19 Two-Port Networks

h22 = Open-circuit output admittance

21

Inverse Hybrid Parameters, g

ch19 Two-Port Networks

22

Inverse Hybrid Parameters, g

g11 =
g 21 =

I1 = g11V1 + g12I 2

ch19 Two-Port Networks

I1
V1 I

g12 =

2 =0

V2
V1 I

, g 22 =
2 =0

I1
I 2 V =0
V2
I 2 V =0
1

g11 = Open-circuit input impedance

V2 = g 21V1 + g 22I 2

g12 = Short-circuit reverse voltage gain

I1 g11 g12 V1
V
= [g ] 1
V = g

2 21 g 22 I 2
I2

g21 = Open-circuit forward current gain

g22 = Short-circuit output admittance
23

ch19 Two-Port Networks

24

Example 19.5

Example 19.5

Find the hybrid parameters for the two-port network

of Fig. 19.22.

From Fig.19.23(a),
V1 = I1 (2 + 3 6) = 4I1
h11 =

V1
I1

= 4
V2 = 0

6
2
I1 = I1
6+3
3
I
2
h 21 = 2
=
I1 V = 0
3
I2 =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

25

Example 19.5

ch19 Two-Port Networks

26

Practice Problem 19.5

Find the hybrid parameters for the two-port network
of Fig. 19.24.

From Fig.19.23(b),
6
2
V2 = V2
6+3
3
2
V
h12 = 1
=
V2 I =0 3
V1 =

Also, V2 = (3 + 6)I 2 = 9I 2
h 22 =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

I2
V2

=
I1 =0

1
S
9

27

ch19 Two-Port Networks

28

Example 19.6

Example 19.6

Determine the Thevenin equivalent at the output port

of the circuit in Fig. 19.25.

V1 = h11I1 + h12 V2
I 2 = h 21I1 + h 22 V2
But V2 = 1, and V1 = 40I1 ,
we get
40I1 = h11I1 + h12
I1 =

h12
40 + h11

I 2 = h 21I1 + h 22
ch19 Two-Port Networks

29

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Example 19.6
I 2 = h 22

Example 19.6

h 21h12
h h h 21h12 + h 22 40
= 11 22
h11 + 40
h11 + 40

From Fig.19.26(b), at the intput

60 + 40I1 + V1 = 0 V1 = 60 40I1

Therefore,
Z TH

At the output, I 2 = 0

V
h11 + 40
1
= 2= =
I 2 I 2 h11h 22 h 21h12 + h 22 40

60 40I1 = h11I1 + h12 V2

or 60 = (h11 + 40)I1 + h12 V2

1000 + 40
10 200 10 + 20 + 40 200 106
1040
=
= 51.46
20.21
=

ch19 Two-Port Networks

30

and 0 = h 21I1 + h 22 V2 I1 =

h 22
V2
h 21

h
60 = (h11 + 40) 22 + h12 V2
h 21

31

ch19 Two-Port Networks

32

Example 19.6

Practice Problem 19.6

Determine the Thevenin equivalent at the output port
of the circuit in Fig. 19.25.

VTH = V2 =

60
(h11 + 40)h 22 / h 21 + h12

60h 21
h12h 21 h11h 22 40h 22

60 10
= 29.69 V
20.21

ch19 Two-Port Networks

33

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Example 19.7

34

Example 19.7

Find the g parameters as functions of s for the circuit

in Fig. 19.28.

In the s domain,
1 H sL = s, 1 F

1 1
=
sC s

From Fig.19.28(a),
I1 =

V1
I
or g11 = 1
s +1
V1

=
I 2 =0

1
s +1

By voltage division,
V2 =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

35

V1
V
or g 21 = 1
s +1
V1

ch19 Two-Port Networks

=
I 2 =0

1
s +1
36

Example 19.7

Practice Problem 19.7

Find the g parameters as functions of s for the circuit
in Fig. 19.30.

From Fig.19.29(b),
I1 =

I
1
I 2 or g12 = 1
s +1
I2

=
V1 = 0

1
s +1

V
1

Also, V2 = I 2 + s 1 or g 22 = 2
I2
s

V1 = 0

1
1
s2 + s +1
= +
=
s s + 1 s ( s + 1)

Thus,
1

[g] = s 1+ 1

s + 1

1
s +1
s 2 + s + 1
s ( s + 1)

ch19 Two-Port Networks

37

19.5 Transmission Parameters, T

ch19 Two-Port Networks

38

Transmission Parameters, T
A=
C=

I1
V2

, B=
I 2 =0

D=

I 2 =0

V1
I2

V2 = 0

1
I2

V2 = 0

V1 = AV2 BI 2

A = Open-circuit voltage ratio

I1 = CV2 DI 2

B = Negative short-circuit transfer impedance

C = Open-circuit transfer admittance

V1 A B V2
V2
I = C D I = [T] I
2
1
2
ch19 Two-Port Networks

V1
V2

D = Negative short-circuit current ratio

39

ch19 Two-Port Networks

40

Example 19.8

Inverse Transmission Parameters, t

V
a= 2
V1
c=

I2
V1

V
, b= 2
I1
I =0
1

,
I1 = 0

d=

2
I1

Find the transmission parameters for the two-port network

in Fig. 19.32
V1 = 0

V1 = 0

a = Open-circuit voltage gain

b = Negative short-circuit transfer impedance
c = Open-circuit transfer admittance
d = Negative short-circuit current gain
AD BC = 1, ad bc = 1
ch19 Two-Port Networks

41

ch19 Two-Port Networks

42

Example 19.8

Example 19.8

From Fig.19.33(a),
V1 = (10 + 20)I1 = 30I1 and V2 = 20I1 3I1 = 17I1
Thus
A=

V1
V2

=
I 2 =0

I
30I1
= 1.765, C = 1
V2
17I1

=
I 2 =0

I1
= 0.0588 S
17I1

From Fig.19.33(b),
V1 Va Va

+ I2 = 0
10
20
But Va = 3I1 and I1 = (V1 Va ) / 10,
Va = 3I1 , V1 = 13I1
17
3I1
I1 = I 2
+ I2 = 0
20
20
Therefore,

I1

D=
ch19 Two-Port Networks

43

I1
I2

=
V2 = 0

ch19 Two-Port Networks

V
20
= 1.176, B = 1
V2
17

=
V2 = 0

13I1
= 15.29
(17 / 20)I1
44

Example 19.9

Example 19.9

The ABCD parameters of the two-port network in Fig.

20
4
19.34 are
0.1 S
2

The output port is connected to a variable load for

maximum power transfer. Find RL and the maximum
power transferred.

V1 = 4V2 20I 2
I1 = 0.1V2 2I 2
At the input port, V1 = 10I1
10I1 = 4V2 20I 2
or I1 = 0.4V2 + 2I 2
0.1V2 2I 2 = 0.4V2 + 2I 2 0.5V2 = 4I 2
Hence,
Z TH =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

45

Example 19.9

ch19 Two-Port Networks

46

19.6 Relationships Between Parameters

To find VTH , we use the circuit in Fig.19.35(b).

V1 z 11 z 12 I1
I
= [z ] 1
=

V2 z 21 z 22 I 2
I 2
1
[y ] = [z ]

I1 = y 11 y 12 V1 = [y ] I1 = [z ]1 I1
I
I

I y
2
2
2 21 y 22 V2
The adjoint of the [z] matrix and its determinan t are

At the output port I 2 = 0,

and the input port V1 = 50 10I1
50 10I1 = 4V2 I1 = 0.1V2
50 V2 = 4V2 V2 = 10

z 22
z
21

Thus, VTH = V2 = 10 V

z 12
, z = z11z 22 - z 12 z 21
z11

z 22 z 12
y 12 z 21 z11
y
[y ] = 11
=
z
y 21 y 22
z
z
z
z
y 11 = 22 , y 12 = 12 , y 21 = 21 , y 22 = 11 ,
z
z
z
z

The equivalent circuit is shown in Fig.19.35(c).

RL = Z TH = 8
2

V
100
V2
P = I RL = TH RL = TH =
= 3.125 W
4 RL 4 8
2 RL
2

ch19 Two-Port Networks

V2
4
=
=8
I 2 0.5

47

ch19 Two-Port Networks

48

19.6 Relationships Between

Parameters
V1 = z 11I1 + z 12 I 2
V2 = z 21I1 + z 22 I 2 I 2 =

1
z 21
I1 +
V2
z 22
z 22

z z z z
z
V1 = 11 22 12 21 I1 + 12 V2
z 22
z 22
z 11z 22 z 12 z 21
V
z 22
1 =
z
I2
21

z 22
z

h11 = z , h12 = 12 , h 21
z 22
z 22

[g ] = [h]1
[t ] [T]1

z 12
z 22 I1 h11 h12 I1

=
1 V2 h 21 h 22 V2
z 22
z
1
= 21 , h 22 =
,
z 22
z 22

ch19 Two-Port Networks

49

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Example 19.10
10 1.5
Find [z] and [g] of a two-port network if
[T] =
4
2 S
Solution:
If A = 10, B = 1.5, C = 2, D = 4, the determinant of the matrix is
T = AD BC = 40 3 = 37. From Table 19.1,
37
A 10

z11 = =
= 5, z12 = T =
= 18.5
2
C 2
C
1 1
D 4
z 21 = = = 0.5, z 22 = = = 2
C 2
C 2
37
C 2

g11 = =
= 0.2, g12 = T =
= 3.7
10
A 10
A
1 1
B 1 .5
g 21 = =
= 0.1, g 22 = =
= 0.15
A 10
A 10
5 18.5
0.2 S 3.7
Thus, [z ] =
, [g ] =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

51
0 .5 2
0.1 0.15

50

Example 19.11
Obtain the y parameters of the op amp circuit in Fig. 19.37.
Show that the circuit has no z parameters.

ch19 Two-Port Networks

52

Example 19.11

Practice Problem 19.11

Since no current can enter the input terminals of the op ams, I1 = 0,

Obtain the z parameters of the op amp circuit in Fig. 19.38.

Show that the circuit has no y parameters.

which can be expressed in terms of V1 and V2 as

I1 = 0V1 + 0V2 , y11 = 0 = y12
Also, V2 = R3I 2 + I o ( R1 + R2 ),
But I o = V1/R1. Hence,
V2 = R3I 2 +
y 21 =

V1 ( R1 + R2 )
( R + R2 )
V
V1 + 2
I2 = 1
R1
R1 R3
R3

( R1 + R2 )
1
, y 22 =
R1 R3
R3

The determinant of the [y ] matrix is

y = y11y 22 y12 y 21 = 0
Since y = 0, the [y ] matrix has no inverse.
ch19 Two-Port Networks

53

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Fig 19.40

19.7 Interconnection of Networks

I 1a = y 11 V1a + y 12 V2a

I 2a = y 21 V1a + y 22 V2a

The series connection

V1a = z 11I 1a + z 12 I 2a

V2a = z 21I 1a + z 22 I 2a

I 1b = y 11V1b + y 12 V2b

I 2b = y 21 V1b + y 22 V2b

V1b = z 11I 1b + z 12 I 2b

V2b = z 21I 1b + z 22 I 2b
I 1 = I 1a = I 1b , I 2 = I 2a = I 2b
V1 = V1a + V1b
= ( z + z ) I + ( z + z ) I

11a
11b
1
12 a
12 b
2

V
V
V
=
+
2a
2b
2
= (z 21a + z 21b )I 1 + (z 22a + z 22b )I 2
z 12 z 11a + z 11b z 12 a + z 12b
z
11

=
z 21 z 22 z 21a + z 21b z 22 a + z 22b
ch19 Two-Port Networks

54

V1 = V1a = V1b , V2 = V2a = V2b

I 1 = I 1a + I 1b
= (y + y )V + (y + y )V

11a
11b
1
12a
12b
2

I 2 = I 2a + I 2b
= (y 21a + y 21b )V1 + (y 22a + y 22b )V2
y 12 y 11a + y 11b y 12a + y 12b
y
11

=
y 21 y 22 y 21a + y 21b y 22a + y 22b

[z ] = [z a ] + [z b ]
55

ch19 Two-Port Networks

[y ] = [y a ] + [y b ]
56

Fig 19.41

Example 19.12
Evaluate V2/Vs in the circuit in Fig. 19.42.
This may be regarded as two - ports in series.
For N b ,

V1a A a B a V2a V1b A b B b V2b

I = C D I , I = C D I
a
b
2a
2b
1b b
1a a
V1 V1a V2a V1b V2b V2b
= ,
=
= ,

I 1 I 1a I 2b I 1b I 2b I 2
V A B a A b B b V2
1 = a

I 1 Ca Da Cb Db I 2
A B A a

=
C D C a

Ba A b

Da Cb

z12b = z 21b = 10 = z11b = z 22b

Thus,
[z ] = [z a ] + [z b ]
12 8 10 10 22 18
=

=
+
8 20 10 10 18 30
But
V1 = z11I1 + z12 I 2 = 22I1 + 18I 2

Bb
[T] = [Ta ] [Tb ]
Db

ch19 Two-Port Networks

V2 = z 32 I1 + z 22 I 2 = 18I1 + 30I 2
57

Example 19.12

58

Practice Problem 19.12

Find V2/Vs in the circuit in Fig. 19.43.

Also, at the input port V1 = Vs 5I1

and at the output port V2 = 20I 2 I 2 =

ch19 Two-Port Networks

V2
20

18
V2 Vs = 27I1 0.9V2
20
30
2.5
V2 = 18I1 V2 I1 =
V2
20
18
2.5
Vs = 27
V2 0.9V2 = 2.85V2
18
1
V
And also, 2 =
= 0.3509
Vs 2.85

Vs 5I1 = 22I1

ch19 Two-Port Networks

59

ch19 Two-Port Networks

60

Example 19.13

Example 19.13

Find the y parameters of the two-port in Fig. 19.44.

y12 a = j 4 = y 21a , y11a = 2 + j 4, y 22 a = 3 + j 4

2 + j 4 j 4
or [y a ] =
S
j 4 3 + j 4
and
y12b = 4 = y 21a , y11a = 4 j 2, y 22b = 4 j 6
4
4 j 2
or [y b ] =
S
4
4
6
j

6 + j 2 4 j 4
[y ] = [y a ] + [y b ] =
S
4 j 4 7 j 2

ch19 Two-Port Networks

61

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Practice Problem 19.13

62

Example 19.14
Find the transmission parameters for the circuit in Fig. 19.46.
Solution:

Find the y parameters of the two-port in Fig. 19.45.

A = 1+

R1
R ( R + R3 )
R
1
, B = R3 + 1 2
, C = , D = 1+ 3
R2
R2
R2
R2

and A a = 1 + 4 = 5, B a = 8 + 4 9 = 44 ,
Ca = 1 S, Da = 1 + 8 = 9
5 44
[Ta ] =
9
1 S
and A b = 1 + 4 = 5, Bb = 8 + 4 9 = 44 ,
Cb = 1 S, Db = 1 + 8 = 9
6
1
[Tb ] =

0.5 S 4
ch19 Two-Port Networks

63

ch19 Two-Port Networks

64

Example 19.14

Practice Problem 19.14

Find the transmission parameters for the circuit in Fig. 19.48.

Thud , for the total network in Fig.19.46,

5 44 1 6
[T] = [Ta ] [Tb ] =

1 9 0.5 4
5 1 + 44 0.5 5 6 + 44 4
=

1 1 + 9 0.5 1 6 + 9 4
27 206
=
42
5.5 S
Notice that Ta = Tb = T = 1.

ch19 Two-Port Networks

65

ch19 Two-Port Networks

19.9 Applications
19.9.1 Transistor Circuits

66

Transistor Circuits

Av =

V2 ( s )
V1 ( s )

hi = h11 , hr = h12 , h f = h21 , ho = h22

Ai =

I 2 ( s)
I1 ( s )

hie = Basic input imdepance

hre = Reverse voltage feedback ratio

V (s)
Z in = 1
I1 ( s )
Z out

h fe = Basic - collector current gain

hoe = Output admittance

V (s)
= 2
I 2 ( s ) V =0
s

ch19 Two-Port Networks

67

ch19 Two-Port Networks

68

Fig 19.56

Fig 19.57

Ai =

Vb = hieI b + hre Vc
I c = h feI b + hoe Vc

Av =
ch19 Two-Port Networks

69

Transistor Amplifiers
Z in =

h fe
c
=
b 1 + hoe RL
h fe RL
Vc
=
Vb hie + (hie hoe hre h fe ) RL

ch19 Two-Port Networks

70

19.9.2 Ladder Network Synthesis

h h R
Vb
= hie re fe L
Ib
1 + hoe Rl

Z out =

Rs + hie
( Rs + hie )hoe hre h fe

ch19 Two-Port Networks

71

ch19 Two-Port Networks

72

Fig 19.62

Ladder Network Synthesis

I1 = y11V1 + y12 V2

H(s) =

I 2 = y21V1 + y22 V2
H(s) =

y 21 / YL
1 + y 22 / YL

N( s) N o + N e
=
D( s ) Do + De

N o / D e , ( N = 0)
N o , ( N = 0)
e
e
D / D + 1
D + D
e
H(s) = o
H( s) = o e
Ne
N /D
e o , ( N o = 0)

, ( N o = 0)
1 + De / Do
Do + De
N o , ( N = 0)
e
y 21 De
=
YL N e , (N = 0)
o
Do

ch19 Two-Port Networks

73

ch19 Two-Port Networks

Example 19.18

D( s ) = ( s 3 + 2 s ) + (2 s 2 + 1)

1
( s + 2 s ) + (2 s 2 + 1)
1
y
21
3
YL
= s + 22s =
2s + 1 1 + y22
1+ 3
YL
s + 2s
3

s3 + 2s
1
ZA =
=
= sL3 + Z B
y22 2 s 2 + 1
1.5s
Z A = 0.5s + 2
2s + 1
1.5s
L3 = 0.5 H, Z B = 2
2s + 1
1 2s 2 + 1
1
=
= 1.333s +
= sC2 + YC
YB =
1.5s
1.5s
ZB
from which C2 = 1.33 F and

y21
1
2s 2 + 1
when RL = 1, YL = 1 H ( s ) =
y21 = 3
, y22 = 3
1 + y22
s + 2s
s + 2s
ch19 Two-Port Networks

74

Example 19.18

Design the LC ladder network terminated with a 1-

reistor that has the normalized transfer function.
Solution:

H(s) =

D o , ( N = 0)
e
y 22 De
=
and
YL De , (N = 0)
o
Do

75

YC =

1
1
=
L1 = 1.5 H
1.5s sL1

ch19 Two-Port Networks

76