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43 Simple Drilling Methods PDF
43 Simple Drilling Methods PDF
Drilling constraints
Whatever drilling method is used, there are several
considerations which must be taken into account:
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Drilling methods
The following low-cost, appropriate drilling methods are
described and illustrated on the following pages:
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Percussion drilling
Hand-auger drilling
Jetting
Sludging
Rotary-percussion drilling
Rotary drilling with flush
Percussion
drilling
Hand-auger
drilling
Jetting
Sludging
Gravel
3?
Sand
3?
Unconsolidated
formations
Silt
Clay
Sand with pebbles or boulders
Low to mediumstrength
formations
Shale
Rotary
percussion
drilling
Rotary drilling
with flush
3?
3?
3?
3
3
3?
3 slow
3 slow
3?
3?
3 slow
3 slow
3 slow
3 slow
3 v slow
3!
Above water-table
Below water-table
Sandstone
Limestone
Igneous (granite, basalt)
Metamorphic (slate, gneiss)
Rock with fractures or voids
Medium to
high-strength
formations
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Hand-auger drilling
Inexpensive.
Simple to operate and maintain.
Useful contacts:
Van Reekum Materials b.v., 115 Kanaal Noord, PO Box
98, AB Apeldoorn, The Netherlands.
Tel: +31 555 335466 Fax: +31 555 313335
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Advantages of jetting:
Disadvantages of jetting:
Advantages of sludging:
Disadvantages of sludging:
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Method: A drill-pipe and bit are rotated to cut the rock. Air,
water, or drilling mud is pumped down the drill-pipe to flush
out the debris. The velocity of the flush in the borehole
annulus must be sufficient to lift the cuttings.
Useful contacts:
Useful contacts:
Further reading
Allen, D.V., Low-Cost Hand Drilling, Consallen Group Sales Ltd., Loughton, 1993.
Ball, P., Bringing Water to the People: Technical brochure, Eureka UK Ltd., Hassocks, 1994.
Mutwalib, W., Evaluation of the Muyembe Rural Water Supply, Loughborough University of Technology, Loughborough, 1994.
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