Heater 01 (H-01)

Fungsi Memanaskan bahan baku Etilen hingga 90 oC

Tipe : Horizontal Heater.
Jenis Double pipe heat exchanger
Fluida dingin
t1 =
t2 =

30.0000
90.0000

T1 =
T2 =

300.0000
300.0000

Fluida panas :

laju alir massa (Ws) =

Kebutuhan panas yg diserap(Q)
kebutuhan steam (Wt)
=

Menetukan True Temperatur Difference (ttrue):

LMTD =

( T 1 -t 2 ) - ( T 2 - t 1 )
T 1 -t 2
ln
T 2 - t1

LMTD =

429.7405

Menetukan Luas Permukaan Transfer Panas (A):

Dari Tabel 8 Kern, untuk
steam-light organics adalah 100-200 BTU/jam.ft.F:
Maka: diambil Ud =
Untuk : Fluida panas : steam (pipe)
Fluida dingin : light organik (anulus)

A=

200.0000

Q
U D x t
A=

Menentukan Tc average dan tc average

Tc average = (T1+T2)/2 =
572.0000
tc average= (t1+t2)/2 =
140.0000

Dari Hal 103, Kern , diperoleh Informasi :

Double Pipe Exchangers are usually assembled in :

79.6263

Dipilih Panjang pipa, L =

Pemilihan route fluida :
annulus = aseton-air (cold fluid)
pipa dalam = steam (hot fluid)
aliran = counter current
Dipilih penukar panas double pipe, L = 12 ft dengan spesifikasi :
2 x 1 1/4 inc IPS schedule 40 (tabel 6.2 Kern)
Flow area 2 in (annulus) =

1.1900

Flow area 1 1/4 in (pipe) =

Dari tabel 11 Kern didapat :
Pipa 2 in, ODa =
Pipa 1 1/4 in, ODp =

1.5000
2.3800
1.6600
Fluida dingin (annulus)

D2 = IDa/12 =
D1 = ODp/12 =
Flow area,
Diameter equivalent,De=(D22-D12)/D1 =

Aa = (p/4).(D22-D12)=

Wa =

41610.2027

Laju alir massa, Ga = Wa/Aa =

pada tavg =(t1+t2)/2 =
=
k =
Cp =
De x Ga =
m

Rea =
jH =

460.0000

ho =

ho =

jH x K C x
De
K

1
3

Menentukan clean overall coefficient, Uc

Uc = hio x ho =
hio + ho

192.1780

Design overall coefficient, UD :

1
1
=
+ Rd
U D UC
Rd hal 845 kern :

U D=

UC

( RdU C ) +1

Organik :
Steam :
Rd yang dibutuhkan :

0.0010
0.0000
0.0010

UD =

161.1991

Luas permukaan transfer panas :

A=

Q
U D t

A=

98.7925

Menentukan Panjang Pipa yang dibutuhkan :

Dari tabel 11 kern hal 844 untuk pipa 1 1/4 in :
aop =
maka panjang pipa yang diperlukan :
Digunakan :
Panjang pipa =
Hairpin =
Panjang pipa sebenarnya =
Luas transfer panas sebenarnya =

0.4350
227.1093
12.0000
2.0000
48.0000
20.8800

Actual Design coefficient, UD :

U D=
UD =

Rd=

Q
A t

762.7044

U C U D
U C U D

RD =
RD min =
Maka :

-0.0039
0.0010
Spesifikasi Tidak Memenuhi Syarat

Pressure Drop
Fluida dingin dalam annulus
D2 =

0.1723

D1 =

0.1383

Da'= (D2-D1) =
Ga =
=

5031979.5177
0.5025

Rea = Da' x Ga/m =

f = 0.0035 + 0.264/(Rea)0.42 =
=
s=
g=
g' =
Fa = 4 x f x Ga2 x Lact
2 x g x 2 x Da'
Velocity, V = Ga/(3600 x r) =
Fl= 3.V2/(2.g') =
Pt = (Fa + Fl)r/144 =

20.0489
0.7498
4.18E+08
32.2531

ilen hingga 90 oC
1.5atm

C
C

86.0000 F
194.0000 F

C
C

572.0000 F
572.0000 F
18874.0929 kg/batch
7216083.2286 kJ/batch
5123.3494 kg

41610.2027 lb/batch
6843733.3340 Btu/batch
11295.0386 lb

Btu/jam.ft.F)

ft

<200ft2 Double pipe heat exchanger

F
F

12.0000

15.0000

20.0000 Effective lengths.

12.0000

in2
in2
in, IDa=
in, IDp=

2.0670 in
1.3800 in

gin (annulus)
0.1723 ft

D = IDp/12 =

0.1383 ft

Flow area,Ap = pD2/4 =

0.0083 ft2

Wp =

0.0761 ft

Gp =Wp/Ap =
Pada Tavg =

lb
5031979.5177 lb/jam.ft2
140.0000 oF
0.5025 lb/ft.jam
0.0722 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
0.8148 Btu/(lb.oF)
762589.5613

Rep =
jH =

(fig.24 Kern)
=

Btu/jam.ft2.oF

778.0737 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

hi =
hio =

Btu/jam.ft2.oF

ft2

ft2/ft
ft
ft
ft

576.0000 in

ft2

14.6304 m

Btu/jam.ft2.oF

n dalam annulus

Fluida panas da

ft

D=

ft

Gp =
=

0.0339 ft
lb/jam.ft

Rep = D x Gp/m =

lb/ft.jam

f = 0.0035 + 0.264/(Rep)0.42 =

339656.2038
0.0048
lb/ft3

2xgxr2xD
Pp =(DFp x)/144 =

ft/jam2
ft/det3
=

Fp = 4 x f x Gp2 x L

2028.1959 ft
69.7182 ft/det
226.0543 ft
11.7375 psi < 10 psi (memenuhi)

Fluida panas (inner pipe)

0.1150 ft

a,Ap = pD2/4 =

0.0104 ft
11295.0386 lb

1087983.6783 lb/jam.ft
(T1+T2)/2 =

572.0000 oF

0.0484 lb/ft.jam

k =

0.0455 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Cp =

0.8589 Btu/(lb.oF)

D.Gp =
m

2585085.1860
800.0000 (fig.24 Kern)

jH x (Cp.m/k)1/3 x k/D =
hi x ID/OD =

306.9964 Btu/jam.ft2.oF
255.2138

Fluida panas dalam pipa

0.1150 ft
1087983.6783 lb/jam.ft

5 + 0.264/(Rep)0.42 =

0.0484 lb/ft.jam
2585085.1860
0.0040

x f x Gp2 x Lact

22.6486 lb/ft3
=

xgxr2xD
Fp x)/144 =

18.5953 ft
2.9247 psi < 10 psi

(memenuhi)

Heater 02 (H-02)
Fungsi Memanaskan Bahan baku klorin hingga 90 oC
Tipe : Horizontal Heater.
Jenis Double pipe heat exchanger
1.5000
Fluida dingin
t1 =
t2 =

30.0000 C
90.0000 C

T1 =
T2 =

300.0000 C
300.0000 C

Fluida panas :

laju alir massa (Ws) =

Kebutuhan panas yg diserap(Q)
kebutuhan steam (Wt)
=

47859.3071
3345850.5891
2379.6946

Menetukan True Temperatur Difference (ttrue):

LMTD =

( T 1 -t 2 ) - ( T 2 - t 1 )
T 1 -t 2
ln
T 2 - t1

LMTD =

429.7405 F

Menetukan Luas Permukaan Transfer Panas (A):

Dari Tabel 8 Kern, untuk
steam-gas adalah 5-50 BTU/jam.ft.F:
Maka: diambil Ud =
Untuk : Fluida panas : steam (pipe)
Fluida dingin : gas H2 (anulus)

A=

50.0000 Btu/jam.ft.F)

Q
U D x t
A=

Menentukan Tc average dan tc average

Tc average = (T1+T2)/2 =
572.0000
tc average= (t1+t2)/2 =
140.0000

147.6800 ft

F
F

Dari Hal 103, Kern , diperoleh Informasi :

Double Pipe Exchangers are usually assembled in :
Dipilih Panjang pipa, L =

12.0000
15.0000

Pemilihan route fluida :

annulus = H2 (cold fluid)
pipa dalam = steam (hot fluid)
aliran = counter current
Dipilih penukar panas double pipe, L = 15 ft dengan spesifikasi :
2 x 1 1/4 inc IPS schedule 40 (tabel 6.2 Kern)
Flow area 2 in (annulus) =

1.19 in2

Flow area 1 1/4 in (pipe) =

Dari tabel 11 Kern didapat :
Pipa 2 in, ODa =
Pipa 1 1/4 in, ODp =

1.5 in2
2.38 in, IDa=
1.66 in, IDp=
Fluida dingin (annulus)

D2 = IDa/12 =

0.1723

D1 = ODp/12 =

0.1383

Flow area,
Diameter equivalent,De=(D22-D12)/D1 =

Aa = (p/4).(D2 -D1 )=
2

Wa =

105511.5856 lb

Laju alir massa, Ga = Wa/Aa =

pada tavg =(t1+t2)/2 =

140
=

2.4295

k =

0.1313

Cp =
De x Ga =
m

Rea =

6.0368
399934.8768

jH =

3 (fig.24 Kern)

ho =

ho =

jH x K C x
De
K

1
3

Menentukan clean overall coefficient, Uc

Uc = hio x ho =

15.9926

Btu/jam.ft2.oF

hio + ho
Design overall coefficient, UD :

1
1
=
+ Rd
U D UC

U D=

UC

( RdU C ) +1

Rd hal 845 kern :

gas H2:

0.0100
0.0000
0.0100

Steam :
Rd yang dibutuhkan :
UD =

13.7876 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

Luas permukaan transfer panas :

A=

Q
U D t

A=

535.5537 ft2

Menentukan Panjang Pipa yang dibutuhkan :

Dari tabel 11 kern hal 844 untuk pipa 1 1/4 in :
aop =
maka panjang pipa yang diperlukan :
Digunakan :
Panjang pipa =
Hairpin =
Panjang pipa sebenarnya =
Luas transfer panas sebenarnya =

0.435

ft2/ft
1231.1578 ft
15 ft
2
60 ft
26.1 ft2

Actual Design coefficient, UD :

U D=
UD =

Rd=
RD =
RD min =

Q
A t

282.9119 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

U C U D
U C U D
-0.0590
0.0100

Maka :

Spesifikasi Tidak Memenuhi Syarat

Pressure Drop
Fluida dingin dalam annulus
D2 =

0.1723 ft

D1 =

0.1383 ft

Da'= (D2-D1) =
Ga =
=

0.0339
12759662.3761 lb/jam.ft2
2.4295 lb/ft.jam

Rea = Da' x Ga/m =

f = 0.0035 + 0.264/(Rea)0.42 =
=
s=
g=
g' =
Fa = 4 x f x Ga2 x Lact
2 x g x 2 x Da'
Velocity, V = Ga/(3600 x r) =
Fl= 3.V2/(2.g') =
Pt = (Fa + Fl)r/144 =

178130.3718
0.0049 lb/ft3
0.0002
4.18E+08 ft/jam2
32.2531 ft/det3
=

###
413261.9866

86.0000 F
194.0000 F

572.0000 F
572.0000 F
kg/batch
kJ/batch
kg

105511.5856 lb/batch
3173204.6987 Btu/batch
5246.3223 lb

<200ft2 Double pipe heat exchanger

15.0000

20.0000 Effective lengths.

2.067 in
1.38 in
Fluida panas (inner pipe)
ft

D = IDp/12 =

ft

Flow area,Ap = pD2/4 =

0.0083 ft2

Wp =

0.0761 ft

Gp =Wp/Ap =
Pada Tavg =

12759662.3761 lb/jam.ft2
F

lb/ft.jam

0.1150 ft
0.0104
5246.3223 lb
505346.9287 lb/jam.ft
(T1+T2)/2 =

572

0.0484

k =

0.0455

Cp =

0.8589

Btu/jam.ft . F
2 o

Btu/(lb.oF)

Rep =
jH =
24.9136 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

hi =
hio =

D.Gp =
m

1200721.0084
140 (fig.24 Kern)

jH x (Cp.m/k)1/3 x k/D =
hi x ID/OD =
44.6624216426

720.0000 in
18.2880 m

us

Fluida panas dalam pipa

ft

D=

0.1150 ft

Gp =
=

505346.9287 lb/jam.ft
0.0484 lb/ft.jam

Rep = D x Gp/m =

0.0051

1200721.0084

f = 0.0035 + 0.264/(Rep)0.42 =
=
22.6486 lb/ft3
Fp = 4 x f x Gp2 x Lact
=
2xgxr2xD
Pp =(DFp x)/144 =

0.8285
(memenuhi)

296887894434.7050 ft
725244.8896 ft/det
ft
psi < 10 psi (memenuhi)

nas (inner pipe)

ft

lb/ft.jam
Btu/jam.ft2.oF
Btu/(lb.oF)

53.7244 Btu/jam.ft2.oF

alam pipa

0.0042
5.2674 ft
psi < 10 psi

Heater-03
Fungsi Memanaskan EDC hingga 242oC
Tipe : Horizontal Cooler.
Jenis : Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger
Tekanan Operasi :
26.0000
Fluida dingin
t1 =
t2 =

83.9000
242.0000

T1 =
T2 =

300.0000
300.0000

Fluida panas

laju alir massa pemanas(Ws) =

Kebutuhan panas yg diserap(Q)
kebutuhan Steam (Wt)
=

Menetukan True Temperatur Difference (ttrue):

LMTD =

( T 1 -t 2 ) - ( T 2 - t 1 )
T 1 -t 2
ln
T 2 - t1

LMTD =

216.3616

R = (T1 - T2)/(t2 - t1) =

2.0100
S = (t2 - t1)/(T1 - t1) =
0.7316
Untuk3 pass Shell dan 6 pass Tube Dari Fig.21 Kern hal 831,
harga R dan S diatas diperoleh Ft =
1.0000
Koreksi LMTD = LMTD x FT =
216.3616
Menetukan Luas Permukaan Transfer Panas (A):
Dari Tabel 8 Kern, untuk
steam-light organic adalah 100-200 BTU/jam.ft.F:
Maka: diambil Ud =
200.0000
Untuk : Fluida panas : Steam (shell side)
Fluida dingin : TG,ALB,Air (tube side)

A=

Q
U D x t
A=

Spesifikasi :

223.8665

Berdasarkan Pers. 14.34 Brownell & Young:

tm=

Pi. Do
+C
2.( FE0.6 P)

dimana:

tm = tebal minimum tube, in

ODt =
f = allowable stress
E = efisiensi penyambungan =
c = faktor korosi =
P = tekanan desain (faktor keamanan 20%)=
tm =

1.2500
18750.0000
0.8000
0.1250
414.8087
0.1426

Menetukan Jumlah Tube (Nt)

Dari Kern tabel 10 hal 843, dipilih:
ODt =
Panjang tube =
t=
BWG =
IDt

1.2500
15.0000
0.1340
10.0000
0.9820

at

0.7570

Surface per lin (ao)

Jumlah tube, Nt
Nt

=
=
Nt =

ao. L

ao . L

Dari Kern tabel 9, hal 841, dipilih (square pitch):

Nt =
N=
Pt =
IDs =

0.3271

45.6265

64.0000
6.0000
1.5625
19.2500

Menentukan faktor k
Shell Side (steam)
Data:
Tc avg =
viscositas, =
koef transfer panas,Cp =
Konduktivitas panas, k =

572.0000
0.0484
0.1171
0.8589
0.0455

Menetukan flow area, As:

IDs (in diameter) =
B (bafflespace) = 1/4*IDs=
Pt (harga pitch) =
c (harga pitch - OD) =

as =

19.2500
4.8125
1.5625
0.3125

IDs x C' x B
Pt x 144
as =

0.1287

Menetukan kecepatan massa, Gs:

Gs = Ws/As =

1145717.3106

Menetukan bilangan Reynolds, Res :

Untuk Odt 11/4", De =

1.2300
0.1025

Res =

1002629.8096

fig 28 Kern
Res = De x Gs/

dari Kern Fig 28, diperoleh harga JH =

180.0000

Menentukan koefisien perpindahan pipa lapisan

luar, ho:
1

jH x K C x 3
ho =
( )
De K s

()

Tw = tc +

ho/s =

104.0467

Tw =
Dari Chemical Properties, w =

543.1964
0.4069
0.9848

(hio/t)
(Tc - tc )
(hio/t)+(ho/s)

s = (/w) 0.14=
ho =
Menetukan Clean Overall Coefficient, Uc:
Uc = hio x ho =
hio + ho

0.7422
77.2275
70.2224

Menetukan Per
Shell Side (steam)
Res =
1002629.8096
fs (fig 29, Kern) =
Number of crosses =
N + 1 = 12 L/B
Ds = IDs/12
SG pada Tc

0.0022
37.4026
1.6042
0.7323

Ps=

f x Gs x Ds x (N + 1)
5,22 x 1010 x De x SG x s

Ps =
Karena Ps < 10 psi, maka alat tersebut layak.

59.5831

hingga 242oC

eat Exchanger
atm =

377.0988

C
C

183.0200
467.6000

C
C

572.0000
572.0000
66867.1344 kg/batch
10214278.5475 kJ/batch
7264.7785 kg

Btu/jam.ft.F)

ft

=
=
=

in
psi
in/10 tahun
psi
in

umur alat diperkirakan 10 tahun, maka: 0.0125 in/tahun x 10 tahun

Nt)

Menetukan Ud terkoreksi
A terkoreksi =
in
ft
in

A terkoreksi =
Ud terkoreksi =

in
in

Ud terkoreksi =
2

ft2/ln ft

buah
Menentukan Tc average dan tc average
Tc average = (T1+T2)/2 =
tc average= (t1+t2)/2 =

buah
passes
in, square pitch

Menentukan faktor kekotoran (dirty factor)

Tube Side (TG,ALB,Air)
Data:
F
cp
lb/ft.hr
Btu/lb.F
Btu/ft.jam(F/ft)

tc avg =
viscositas, =
koef transfer panas,Cp =
Konduktivitas panas, k =

Menetukan flow area, at:

in
in
in
in

n (jumlah passes) =
Nt (jumlah tube)
A't (flow area per tube) =
Ntxa'
at=
nx14

ft

at =
Menetukan kecepatan massa, Gt :

lb/batch.ft

Gt = Wt/At =
Menetukan bilangan Reynolds, Res :

in
ft

IDt =
Table 10, Kern
Ret = Dt x Gt/ =
Ret =
L/D =
dari Kern Fig 24, diperoleh harga JH =
Menentukan koefisien perpindahan pipa lapisan
dalam, hi:
1

jH x k C x
hi= 3(t)
Dk

()

Btu/ft.jam(F/ft)

hi/t =
Tw =
w =
t = (/w) 0.14=
hi =

F
cp
lb/ft.hr
Btu/ft.jam(F/ft)
Btu/ft.jam(F/ft)

IDt
hio= hi ( )
ODt

hio =
Menetukan faktor kekotoran, Rd:
Rd = Uc - Udact =
Uc x Udact

Rd >= 0.002, jadi syarat terpenuhi

Rd air =0,001
Menetukan Perubahan Tekanan
Tube Side (TG,ALB,Air)
Ret =
ft/in
ft
ft

ft (fig 26, Kern) =

SG
=
Pt=

f x Gt2 x Lx n
5,2 x 1010 x Dex SGsb x t

Pt =

psi

( 4 x n) V 2 62, 5
Pr= x
SGsb 2g' 14

()
Untuk Gt =
(V2/2g')(62,5/144) =
Pr =
PT = Pt + Pr =

Karena PT < 10 psi, maka alat tersebut layak.

psi
F
F
F
F
147416.6218 lb/batch
9687221.7744 Btu/batch
16016.0760 lb

0125 in/tahun x 10 tahun

Menetukan Ud terkoreksi
Nt x ao x L
314.0160 ft
Q
A terkoreksi x LMTD
142.5829 Btu/jam.ft.F)

ukan Tc average dan tc average

572.0000 F
325.3100 F

Tube Side (TG,ALB,Air)

325.3100
2.1231
5.1379
3.8124
0.1368

F
cp
lb/ft.hr
Btu/lb.F
Btu/ft.jam(F/ft)

6.0000
64.0000
0.7570 in

0.0561 ft

285623.5478 lb/jam.ft

0.9820 in
0.0818 ft
4549.2357
183.2994
90.0000

787.0675 Btu/ft.jam(F/ft)
543.1964 F
1.0316 lb/ft.hr
1.2520
985.4426 Btu/ft.jam(F/ft)

774.1637 Btu/ft.jam(F/ft)
-0.0072

Rd organik = 0,001

Tube Side (TG,ALB,Air)

4549.2357
0.00021 ft/in
1.0000

0.2883 psi

285623.5478
0.0380
0.9120
1.2003

lb/jam ft2
Fig 27, Kern
psi
psi