95

LAMPIRAN A
PERHITUNGAN

Perhitungan kinerja preheater heat exchanger 6-1

Diketahui :
Shell = HCT
- T
1
= 143
o
C = 32 + (

o
C) = 289,4
o
F
- T
2
= 42
o
C = 32 + (

o
C) = 107,6
o
F
- T
1
T
2
= (289,4 - 107,6)
o
F = 181,8
o
F
- W = 71 T/D x 2205 lb/T x


= 6523,125 lb/hr
- Spgr
60/60
= 0,8534
-
o
API =

- 131,5 = 34,3074

Tube = Crude Oil
- t
1
= 40,4
o
C = 32 + (

o
C) = 104,72
o
F
- t
2
= 46,9
o
C = 32 + (

o
C) = 116,42
o
F
- t
2 -
t
1
= (116,42 104,72)
o
F = 11,7
o
F
- w = 3105 T/D x 2205 lb/T x


= 285.271,875 lb/hr
- Spgr
60/60
= 0,8331
-
o
API =

- 131,5 = 38,3475







96
1. NERACA PANAS (Heat Ballance), Q
Q = W. Cp (T
1
T
2
) = w. c
p
(t
2
t
1
)

a. PadaShell
Diketahui :
T
AVg
=
2
2 1
T T +
=
()

= 198,5
o
F
Cp = 0,54 Btu/lb.
o
F (Gambar. 13 Lampiran B)
Maka,
Q
1
= W x Cp x (T
1
T
2
)
= 6523,125 lb/hr x 0,54 Btu/lb.
o
F x 181,8
o
F
= 640.388,2275 Btu/hr

b. PadaTube
Diketahui :
t
AVg
=
2
1 2
t t +
=
( )

= 110,57
o
F
c
p
= 0,49 Btu/lb.
o
F (Gambar. 13 Lampiran B)
Maka,
Q
1
= w x cp (t
2
t
1
)
= 285.271,875 lb/hr x 0,49 Btu/lb.
o
F x 11,7
o
F
= 1.635.463,659 Btu/hr

2. LMTD dan t
Hot Fluid Cold Fluid Differences
T
1
289,4
o
F Higher Temp t
2
104,72
o
F 184,68 t
2

T
2
107,6
o
F Lower Temp t
1
116,42
o
F 8,82 t
1

181,8
o
F Differences 11,7
o
F 175,86 (t
2
- t
1
)
(T
1
T
2
) (t
2
t
1
)

97
LMTD =
1 2
1 2
/ ln t t
t t
A A
A A
=

()
= 57,818
o
F
R =
1 2
2 1
t t
T T

= 15,538
S =
1 1
1 2
t T
t t

= 0,06335
Berdasarkan data Desain HE 6-1 yang merupakan HE dengan 1Shell dan >
2Tube Pass, Maka didapat Faktor Koreksi F
T
= 0,85. (Gambar. 14 Lampiran B)
Sehingga,
t = LMTD x F
T

= 57,818
o
F x 0,85
= 49,1453
o
F

3. TEMPERATUR KALORI (Tc dan tc)
th
tc
A
A
=
2
1
t
t
A
A
=

= 0,04776
Diketahui :
T
1 -
T
2
= 181,8
o
F
t
2
-t
1
= 11,7
o
F
o
API = 34,3074
Maka didapat :
Kc = 0,25 (Gambar. 15 Lampiran B)
Fc = 0,275 (Gambar. 15 Lampiran B)
T
c
(Shell) = T
2
+ F
c
x (T
1
T
2
)
= 107,6
o
F + 0,275 x 181,8
o
F
= 157,595
o
F
t
c
(Tube) = t
1
+ F
c
x (t
2
t
1
)
= 104,72
o
F + 0,275 x 11,7
o
F
= 107,938
o
F


98

4. LUAS ALIRAN (Flow Area)

Diketahui :
ID = 735 mm
= 73,5 cm x 0,3937 in/cm = 28,937 in
P
T
= 1 in
B = 665 mm
=66,5 cm x 0,3937 in/cm = 26,1811 in
(C) = P
T
OD = 0,22 in

Maka :
a
s
=
T
P
xB IDxC
144
"

=



= 1,3153 ft
2


5. KECEPATAN MASSA (Mass Velocity)

Diketahui :
W = 6523,125 lb/hr
a
s
= 1,3153 ft
2

Maka :
G
s
=
s
a
W
=

= 4959,42 lb/hr.ft
2


6. BILANGAN REYNOLD (Re)
Diketahui :
Tc = 157,595
o
F
o
API = 34,3074
SG = 0,8534
= 1 cp (Gambar. 23 Lampiran B)
= 1 Cp x 2, 42
cp
hr ft
lb
.

= 2,42 lb/ft.hr


Diketahui :
JumlahTube (Nt) = 498 per shell
JumlahPass (n) = 4
Diameter Luar (OD) = 0,787 in
BWG = 12

Maka :
at = 0, 223 ft
2
(Tabel. 26 Lampiran B)
a
t
=
n
t a x N
t
144
'

=



= 0,1928 ft
2




Diketahui :
w = 285.271,875 lb/hr
a
t
= 0,1928 ft
2

Maka :
G
t
=
t
a
w
=

= 1479625,908 lb/hr.ft
2




Diketahui :
tc = 107,938
o
F
o
API = 38,3475
SG = 0,8331
= 0,96 cp (Gambar. 23 Lampiran B)
= 0,96 Cp x 2, 42
cp
hr ft
lb
.

= 2,3232 Ib/ft.hr

Fluida Panas (LCT) : Shell Fluida Dingin (CO) : Tube
99

Maka,
De =
( )
OD x
OD P
T
t
t 4 / . 4
2 2

=
*()

( )

= 0, 8317 in x
in
ft
12
1
= 0,0693 ft
R
es
=

s
G x De

=
hr ft lb
x ft
. / 42 , 2
lb/hr.ft 4959,42 0693 , 0
2

= 142,019

7. FAKTOR PERPINDAHAN PANAS (jH)
Diketahui :
R
es
= 142,019
Maka dari grafik didapat,
jH = 6,2 (Gambar. 16 Lampiran B)



8. KOEFISIEN PERPINDAHAN PANAS
Diketahui :
Tc = 157,595
o
F

o
API = 34,3074
Cp = 0,51 Btu/lb.
o
F
(Gambar. 13 Lampiran B)
K = 0,077 Btu/ft
2
.hr(
o
F/ft)
(Gambar. 18 Lampiran B)
Maka,

3 / 1
.
|
.
|

\
|
k
c
=
3 / 1
077 , 0
2,42 51 , 0
|
.
|

\
| x

= 2,5213

Maka,
Dt = 0.532 in
(Tabel. 26 Lampiran B)
= 0, 532 in
in
ft
12
1
= 0,0443 ft
R
et
=

t
G x Dt

=
hr ft lb
x ft
. / 3232 , 2
8lb/hr.ft 1479625,90 0443 , 0
2

= 28214,285



Diketahui :
L = 118,11 inch = 9,84 ft
D = 0,532 inch = 0,044 ft
L/D = 22,36
Maka dari grafik didapat,
jH = 90 (Gambar. 17 Lampiran B)



Diketahui :
tc = 107,938
o
F

o
API = 38,3475
Cp = 0,49 Btu/lb.
o
F
(Gambar. 13 Lampiran B)
K = 0,08 Btu/ft
2
.hr(
o
F/ft)
(Gambar. 18 Lampiran B)
Maka,

3 / 1
.
|
.
|

\
|
k
c
=
3 / 1
08 , 0
2,3232 49 , 0
|
.
|

\
| x

= 2,4232

100

10. TUBE WALL TEMPERATURE

hi = 1600 Btu/hr(ft
2
)(
o
F) x Correction factor (Gambar 24,LampiranB)
= 1600 Btu/hr(ft
2
)(
o
F) x 1,02
= 1632 Btu/hr(ft
2
)(
o
F)
Maka, hio :
hio = hi x

= 1632 Btu/hr(ft
2
)(
o
F) x



= 1103,207 Btu/hr(ft
2
)(
o
F)
t
w
= t
c
+
o io
o
h h
h
+
(T
c
- t
c
)
=107,938
o
F +

( )
= 108,461
o
F
9. MENCARI NILAI ho danhio
Shell side (HCT) : ho
Diketahui :
jH = 6,2
k / De = 0,077 / 0,0693
= 1,11111
Maka :
h
o
= jH .
D
k
.
3 / 1
.
|
.
|

\
|
k
c
s
|
s
o
h
|
= jH .
D
k
.
3 / 1
.
|
.
|

\
|
k
c

s
o
h
|
= 6,2 x 1,11111 x 2,5213
= 17,369 Btu/(hr.ft
2
.
o
F)







Tube side (Crude Oil) : hio
Diketahui :
G
t
= 1479625,908 lb/hr.ft
2

tc = 107,938
o
F

Maka :
Velocity, V =

=



= 6,58 ft/sec
Pada velocity = 6,58 ft/sec dan tc = 107,938
o
F
Didapat, hi = 1600 Btu/hr(ft
2
)(
o
F) (Gambar
24, Lampiran B)



101
11. Mencari
s

Pada t
w
= 108,461
o
F
o
API = 38,3475
Maka didapat nilai

w
= 0,58 Cp x 2,42
cp
hr ft
lb
.

= 1,404 lb/(Ft)(hr)

s
=
14 , 0
|
|
.
|

\
|
w

= (

= 1,08

Maka, ho :

ho =

x
s

= 17,369 Btu/(hr.ft
2
.
o
F) x 1,08
= 18,759 Btu/(hr.ft
2
.
o
F)


13. CLEAN OVERALL COEFFI CIENT, Uc
Uc =
o io
o io
h h
h h
+
.
=
18,759 1103,207
18,759 x 1103,207
+
= 18,445 Btu/hr (ft
2
) (
o
F)

14. DESI GN OVERALL COEFFI CIENT, Ud
Diketahui :
OD = 0,787 in
BWG = 12
a = 0, 1963 ft
2
/in.ft (Tabel. 26 Lampiran B)
L = 118,11 inch = 9,8425 ft
102
Untuk Re
t
= 28214,285
F = 0,0002 ft
2
/ in
2

(Gambar. 19 Lampiran B)
tc = 107,938
o
F
o
API = 38,3475
s = 0,78
(Gambar. 21 Lampiran B)
1) Pressure drop(P
t
)
P
t
=
t
t
s D x
n L G f
| . . . 10 22 , 5
. .
10
2

=

= 9,62 psi



Nt = 498 / shell
Maka,
A = a x L x N
= 0,1963 ft
2
/ft x 9,8425 ft x 498/shell
= 962,1772 ft
Sehingga,
U
D
=
t A
Q
A .
=
49,1453 x 962,1772
Btu/hr 75 640.388,22
= 13,543 Btu/hr (ft
2
) (
o
F)

15. FAKTOR PENGOTOR, Rd
Rd =
D C
D C
U U
U U
.
.

=
13,543 18,445
13,543 18,445
x

= 0,02 hr.ft
2
.
o
F /Btu






























Pressure drop
Fluida Panas (LCT) : Shell Fluida Dingin (CO) : Tube
1) Untuk Re
s
= 142,019
f = 0,005 ft
2
/ in
2

(Gambar. 20 Lampiran B)
Tc = 157,595
o
F
o
API = 34,3074
s = 0,81
(Gambar. 21 Lampiran B)
D
s
=
ft in
ID
/ 12

=
ft in
in
/ 12
937 , 28
= 2,4114 ft
2) No.of crosses,
N + 1=
B
L 12
=
1811 , 26
11 , 118 12 x

= 54,1352




103













2) G
t
= 1479625,908 lb/ft
2
.hr
' 2
2
g
v
psi = 0,0024
(Gambar. 22 Lampiran
B)
Maka,
P
r
=
' 2
4
2
g
v
x
s
n x

= 0,049 psi
3) P
T
= P
t
+ P
r

= 9,62 + 0,049 = 9,669














3) Pressure drop (P
s
)
P
s
=
( )
s
s s
s De x
N D G f
| . . . 10 22 , 5
1 . . .
10
2
+

=
( )
1,08 0,81 0693 , 0 10 22 , 5
54,1352 4114 , 2 4959,42 005 , 0
10
2
x x x x
x x

= 0,005 Psi















16. EFEKTI FI TAS KERJ A HE
Laju kapasitas panas untuk fluida panas
Ch = m
s
x c
p

= 6523,125 lb/hr x 0,54 Btu/ lb
o
F
= 3522,49Btu/ hr
o
F
Laju kapasitas panas untuk fluida dingin
Cc = m
t
x Cp
= 285.271,875 lb/ hr x 0,49 Btu/ lb
o
F
= 139783,22 Btu/ hr
o
F
Karena Ch < Cc, maka :
=

=
()
()

104
=
( )

()

= 98,44 %
*m
t
= w ; m
s
= W












104

Berdasarkan metode perhitungan yang sama maka dapat ditabulasikan untuk data selanjutnya sehingga didapatkan hasil
perhitungan sebagai berikut :
Uraian Satuan
Nilai Satuan pada Hari ke-
Keterangan
2 3 4 5
Neraca Panas (Q) Btu/hr
7786582,650 6107897,606 4243762,211 4063854,039 Shell
4317478,200 3528371,542 3427820,896 3572210,801 Tube
LMTD
o
F 265,431 234,627 227,871 234,954 Shell and Tube
Temperatur Kalorik Ft
402,368 355,287 364,487 374,320 Shell
122,122 122,248 138,221 140,954 Tube
Flow Area
o
F
1,315 1,315 1,315 1,315 Shell
0,192 0,192 0,192 0,192 Tube
Kecepatan Massa lb/hr.ft
2

23051,138 29288,916 20766,980 19300,089 Shell
1715498,761 1758377,005 1592069,803 1615896,050 Tube
Bilangan Reynold
1041,338 1330,754 943,556 876,907 Shell
20951,344 21475,127 19444,011 19735,002 Tube
Temperatur Dinding
0
F 244,507 224,982 238,743 243,832 Shell and Tube
Koeff. Perpindahan Panas (h) Btu/hr.ft
2
.F
29,402 29,906 29,900 29,900 Shell
48,067 48,067 47,404 48,067 Tube
Coeffisient Overall clean (Uc) Btu/hr.ft
2
.F 18,243 18,433 18,335 18,433 Shell and Tube
Coeffisient Overall Design (Ud) Btu/hr.ft
2
.F 17,250 15,948 15,953 16,124 Shell and Tube
Dirt Factor (Rd) hr.ft
2
.F/Btu 0,003 0,008 0,008 0,007 Shell and Tube
Pressure Drop kg/cm
2

0,080 0,130 0,0654 0,056 Shell
8,307 8,361 8,158 8,186 Tube
Efektivitas % 80,156 65,785 65,936 665,972 Shell and Tube