KELOMPOK 1

4B-S1 Terapan Teknologi Kimia Industri

Nama Anggota Kelompok
1. Riki Setiawan 17 644 008
2. Ega Sthefani Bara Palulun 17 644 014
3. Julia Rahmatina 17 644 015
4. Akbar 17 644 023
5. Karina Nur Eka Putri 17 644 027
6. Muhammad Amjad Fadlian 17 644 038
7. Inzirah 17 644 054
8. Anugrah Massolo 17 644 056

Calculation of a Kerosene-Crude Oil Exchanger. 43,800 lb/hr of a 42oAPI kerosene leaves

the bottom of a distilling column at 390oF and will be cooled to 200oF by 149,000 lb/hr of
34oAPI Mid-continent crude coming from stroge at 100oF and heated to 170oF. A 10 psi
pressure drop is permissible on both stream, and in accordance with Table 12, a combined
dirt factor of 0.003 should be provided.
Available for this service is a 21 ¼ in. ID exchanger having 158 1 in. OD, 13 BWG tubes
160’0” long and laid out on 1 ¼ in. square pitch. The bundle is arranged for four passes, and
baffles are spaced 5 in, apart.
Will the exchanger be suitable;i. e., what is the dirt factor?
Solution :
Exchanger:
Shell side Tube Side
ID = 21 ¼ in number and length = 158,16’0”
Baffle space = 5 in OD, BWG, Pitch = 1 in; 13 BWG,1 ¼ in. square
Passes = 1 passes = 4

1. Heat balance
Kerosene, Q = 43,800 x 0.605 (390-200) = 5,100.000 Btu/hr
Mid-continent crude, Q = 149,000 x 0.49 (170-100) = 5,100.000 Btu/hr

2. Δt :

Hot fluid cold fluid diff.

390 Higher temp 170 220
200 Lower temp 100 100
190 Differences 70 120 (Δt2-Δt1)
(T1-T2) (t2-t1)
 LMTD = 152.5oF (5.14)
R = 190/70 = 2.71
70
S = 390−100 = 0.241
FT = 0.905 (Fig.18)
Δt = 0.905 x 152.5 = 138oF (7.42)

3. Tc and tc

Δtc
= 0.455 (Fig.17)
Δth
Kc = 0.20 (crude oil controlling)
Fc = 0.42
Tc = 200 + 0.42 x 190 = 280oF (5.28)
tc = 100 + 0.42 x 70 = 129oF (5.29)

since the flow area, of both the shell and tube sides will be nearly equal, assume the large
stream to flow in the tubes and start calculation on the tube side.
Hot fluid : shell side, kerosene

(4’) Flow area

Aa = ID × C’ B/144PT [Eq.(7.1)]

Aa = 21.25 × 0.25 × 5/144 × 1.25

Aa = 0.1475 ft2

(5’) Mass vel,

Ga = w / Aa

= (43800 lb/hr) 0.1475 ft2

= 297000 lb/hr.ft2

(6’) Rea = DeGa / µ [Eq. (7.3)]

At Tc = 28o , μ = 0.40 × 2.42 = 0.97 lb/ft.hr [fig.14]

De = 0.99 / 12 = 0.0825 ft [Fig. 28]

Rea = 0.0825 × 297000 / 0.97 = 25300

(7’) jH = 93 [fig. 24]

(8’) At Tc = 280 ,

c = 0,59 Btu/lb. [fig. 4]

k = 0,0765 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft) [fig. 1]

(cµ/k)1/3 = (0,59 x 0.97/0.0765)1/3 = 1.95

𝑘 𝑐µ 1/3
(9’) ℎ𝑜 = 𝑗𝐻 × 𝐷𝑒
×(𝑘) 𝜙𝑎 [Eq. (6.15b)]

ℎ𝑜 0.0765
= 93 × × 1.95 = 169
𝜙𝑎 0.0825

(10’) Tube-wall temperature :

ℎ /𝜙𝑎
𝑡𝑤 = 𝑡𝑐 + ℎ𝑖𝑜𝑜 ℎ (𝑇𝑐 − 𝑡𝑐 )
+ 𝑜
𝜙𝑡 𝜙𝑎

169
= 129 + 109+169 (280 − 129)

= 221oF

(11’) At tw = 221 oF, µw = 0.56 x 2.42

= 1.36 Ib/(ft)(hr) [Fig. 14]
0.97 0.14
𝜙𝑎 = (µ/µ𝑤 )0.14 = ( )
1.36

= 0.96 [Fig. 24 insert]

ℎ
(12’) Corrected coefficient, ℎ𝑜 × 𝜙𝑜 × 𝜙𝑎
𝑎

= 169 x 0.96 = 162 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)

Cold fluid: inner pipe, crude oil

(4) Flow area, a’t = 0.515 in2 [Table 10]

𝑁𝑡 𝑎′𝑡 158 𝑥 0.515

𝑎𝑡 = = = 0.141 𝑓𝑡2 [Eq.(7.48)]
144𝑛 144 𝑥 4
 𝜔 149000 𝑙𝑏
(5) Mass vel, 𝐺𝑡 = 𝑎 = = 1060000 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
𝑡 0.141

(6) At 129 ℉, 𝜇 = 3.6

𝜇= 3.6 x 2.42 = 8.7 lb/(ft)(hr) [Fig. 14]

D = 0.81/12 = 0.0675 ft [Table 10]

𝐷𝐺𝑡 0.0675 𝑥 1060000

𝑅𝑒𝑡 = = = 8220
𝜇 8.7

(7) L/D = 16 / 0.0675 = 237

jH = 31 [Fig. 14]

(8) At 𝑡𝑐 = 129 ℉, c = 0.49 Btu/(lb)(℉) [Fig. 4]

k= 0.077 Btu/(hr)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉/𝑓𝑡) [Fig. 1]

1 1
𝑐𝜇 3 0.49𝑥 8.7 3
( ) = ( ) = 3.81
𝑘 0.077

1
𝑘 𝑐𝜇 3
(9) ℎ𝑖 = 𝑗𝐻 ( ) 𝜙𝑝 [Eq.6.15a]
𝐷 𝑘

ℎ𝑖 31 𝑥 0.077 𝑥 3.81 𝐵𝑡𝑢

= = 135
𝜙𝑝 0.0675 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)

ℎ𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑖 𝐼𝐷 135 𝑥 0.810

(10) 𝜙𝑝 = 𝜙𝑝 𝑥 = = 109 [Eq.6.5]
𝑂𝐷 1.0

(11) At tw = 221 ℉, µw = 1.5 x 2.42 = 3.63 lb/(ft)(hr) [Fig. 14]

ᶲt = (µ/ µw)0.14 = (8.7/3.63) 0.14 = 1.11 [Fig. 24 insert]

 ℎ𝑖𝑜
(12) Corrected Coeficient, hio =
ᶲt
ᶲt [Eq.6.37]

= 109 x 1.11 = 121 Btu / (hr)(ft2)(OF)

(13) Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

ℎ .ℎ 121 𝑥 162 𝐵𝑡𝑢

Uc = ℎ 𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 69.3 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉) [6.38]
𝑖𝑜 𝑜 121 +162

(14) design overall coefficient, 𝑈𝐷 :

a” = 0.2618 ft2/lin ft

total surface , A = 158 x 16’0” x 0.2618 = 662 ft2

𝑄 5100000
UD 𝐴 𝛥𝑡 = 662 𝑥 138 = 55.8 Btu / (hr)(ft2)(oF)

(15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐−𝑈𝐷 69.3−55.8
Rd= = 69.3 𝑥 55.8 = 0.00348(hr)(ft2)(oF)/ Btu [6.13]
𝑈𝑐 𝑈𝐷

Summary

162 h outside 121

𝑈𝑐 69.3
𝑈𝐷 55.8
Rd Calculated 0.00348
Rd Required 0.00300
PRESSURE DROP

Hot fluid: annulus, lube oil

(1’) For Red = 25300

f = 0.00175 ft2/in2 [Fig. 29]

s = 0.73 [Fig. 6]

Dd = 21.25/12 = 1.77 ft

(2’) No. of crosses , N + 1 = 12 L/B [Eq. (7.43)]

= 12 x 16/5 = 39

𝑓𝐺 2 𝐷𝑑 (𝑁+1)
(3’) ΔPd = 5.22 𝑑𝑥 1010 𝐷𝑒𝑆𝜙𝑑 [Eq. (7.44)]

0.00175 𝑥 2970002 𝑥 1.77 𝑥 39

=5.22 𝑥 1010 𝑥 0.0825 𝑥 0.73 𝑥 0.96 = 3.5 𝑃𝑠𝑖

Allowable ΔPd = 10.0 Psi

Cold fluid: inner pipe, crude oil

(1) For 𝑅𝑒𝑡 = 8220

f = 0.000285 ft2/in2 [Fig. 26]

s = 0.83 [Fig. 6]

𝑓𝐺𝑑2 𝐿𝑛
(2) ∆𝑃𝑡 = [Eq.(7.45)]
5.22 𝑥 1010 𝐷𝑒𝑆𝜙𝑑
 0.000285 𝑥 10600002 𝑥 16 𝑥 4
= 5.22 𝑥 1010 𝑥 0.0675 𝑥 0.83 𝑥 1.11 = 6.3 𝑃𝑠𝑖

𝑉2
(3) ∆𝐺𝑡 = 1060000; = 0.15 [Fig. 27]
2𝑔′

4𝑛 𝑣2 4𝑥4
∆𝑃𝑟 = = 𝑥 0.15 = 2.9 𝑃𝑠𝑖 [Eq.(7.46)]
𝑠 2𝑔′ 0.83

(4) ∆𝑃𝑇 = ∆𝑃𝑡 + ∆𝑃𝑟 = 6.3 + 2.9 = 9.2 𝑃𝑠𝑖 [Eq.(7.47)]

Allowable ∆𝑃𝑇 = 10.0 psi