Nama : Zahrah Nadhirah Kania

NIM : 18644037
Kelas : 4A/S1
No Absen : 14

Double Pipe Benzene-Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 9820 lb/hr of cold

benzene from 85 to 134oF using hot toluene which is cooled from 160 to 100 oF. the specific
gravities at 68 oF are 0,88 and 0,87, respectively. The other fluid properties will be found in
the Appendix. A fouling factor of 0,001 should be provided for each stream, and the
allowable pressure drop on each stream is 10,0 psi.

A number 0f 20-ft hairpins of 4-by 3in. IPS pipe are available. How many hairpins are
required?

Solution:

(1) Heat balance:

85+134
Benzene, tav = = 109,5℉ c = 0,429 Btu/(lb)(oF) [Fig.2]
2
Q = 9820 x 0,429 (134-85) = 206.426,22 Btu/hr
160+100
Toluene, , Tav= = 130℉ c= 0,44 Btu/(lb)( oF) [Fig.2]
2
206.426,22
W= = 7819,175 lb/hr
0,44 (160−100)

(2) LMTD, (see the method of Chap. 3):

Hot fluid Cold fluid Diff.
160 Higher temp 134 26 ∆𝑡2
100 Lower temp 85 15 ∆𝑡1
11 ∆𝑡2 − ∆𝑡1

∆𝑡2 −∆𝑡1 11
LMTD = = = 20,0208 ℉
∆𝑡
2.3𝑙𝑜𝑔 2⁄∆𝑡 2,3 log26⁄15
1

(3) Caloric temperatures: A check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the
cold terminal (the viscosities less than 1 centipoise) and the temperature ranges and
temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may accordingly be evaluated from
𝜇
properties at the arithmetic mean, and the value of ( ⁄𝜇𝑤 )0,14 may be assumed equal to
1,0.
Tav = 1⁄2 (160+100) = 130 oF tav = 1⁄2 (134+85) = 109,5 oF

Proceed now to the inner pipe. A check of Table. 6.2 indicates that the flow area of the
inner pipe is greater than that of the annulus. Place the larger stream, benzene in the inner
pipe.
 Hot fluid: annulus, toluene Cold fluid: inner pipe, benzene

(4) Flow area, (4) D = 3,068/12 = 0,2557 ft

D2 = 4,026/12 = 0,3355 ft Flow area, 𝑎𝑝 = 𝜋𝐷2 /4
D1 = 3,50/12 = 0,2917 ft 𝜋 x 0,2557 2
= = 0,0514 𝑓𝑡 2
𝑎𝑎 = 𝜋(𝐷22 − 𝐷12 )/4 4

𝜋(0,3355 2 −0,2917 2 )
= = 0,0216 𝑓𝑡 2 (5) Mass vel, Gp = w/𝑎𝑝
4
= 9820 / 0,0514
Equiv diam, De = (𝐷22 − 𝐷12 )/𝐷1 ft
= 191.050,5837 lb/(hr)(ft2)
[Eq (6.3)]
(6) At 109,5℉ , 𝜇 = 0,48 cp [Fig. 14]
De = (0,3355 2 − 0,2917 2 )/0,2917 = 0,48 x 2,42 = 1,1616 lb/(ft)(hr)
= 0,0942 ft 𝐷𝐺𝑝
Reynold no. 𝑅𝑒𝑝 = 𝜇
(5) Mass vel, 𝐺𝑎 = W/𝑎𝑎
0,2557 x 191.050,5837
= 7819,175 /0,0216 =
1,1616
= 361.998,8426 lb/(hr)(ft2)
= 42055,47026
o
(6) At 130 F, 𝜇 = 0,41 𝑐𝑝 [Fig. 14]
= 0,41 x 2,42 = 0,9922 lb/(ft)(hr)
(7) jH = 150 [Fig. 24]
𝐷𝑒 𝐺𝑎
Reynold no. 𝑅𝑒𝑎 = 𝜇
(8) At 109,5oF, 𝑐 = 0,429 𝐵𝑡𝑢/(𝑙𝑏)(℉)
0,0942 x 361.998,8426 [Fig. 2]
=
0,9922 2 o
k = 0,0899 /(hr)(ft ) ( F/ft) [Table 4]
= 34.368,36421
𝑐𝜇 1⁄ 0,429 𝑥 1,1616 1⁄
(7) jH = 101 [Fig. 24] ( ) 3= ( ) 3
𝑘 0,0899
= 1,7698
(8) At 130oF, 𝑐 = 0,44 𝐵𝑡𝑢/(𝑙𝑏)(℉)
[Fig. 2] 𝑘 𝑐𝜇 1 𝜇
2 o
(9) hi = jH 𝐷 ( 𝑘 ) ⁄3 (𝜇𝑤)0,14 [Eq. (6.15a)]
k = 0,085 /(hr)(ft ) ( F/ft) [Table 4]
0,0899
𝑐𝜇 1⁄ 0,44 𝑥 0,9922 1⁄ = 150 x x 1,7698 x 1,0
( ) 3= ( ) 3 0,2557
𝑘 0,085
= 93,3350 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
= 1,7254

𝑘 𝑐𝜇 1⁄ 𝜇 (10) Correct hi to the surface at the OD

(9) ho = jH 𝐷𝑒 ( 𝑘 ) 3 ( )0,14 [Eq. (6.15b)] 𝐼𝐷
𝜇𝑤 hio = hi x 𝑂𝐷
0,085
= 101 x x 1,7254x 1,0 3,068
0,0942 = 93,3350 x
3,50
= 157,2458 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF) = 81,8148

Now proceed to the annulus.

(11) Clean overall coefficient , UC:
ℎ𝑖𝑜 𝑥 ℎ𝑜 81,8148 x 157,2458
UC = = =53,8149 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 81,8148 + 157,2458

(12) Design overall coefficient, UD :

1 1
= + 𝑅𝑑
𝑈𝐷 𝑈𝐶
𝑅𝑑 = 0,002 (required by problem)
1 1
= + 0,002
𝑈𝐷 53,8149
= 48,5856 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)

Summary
157,2458 h outside 87,2691
UC 53,8149
UD 48,5856

(13) Required surface :

𝑄
Q = UD × A × Δt A=
UD × ∆t
206.426,22
Surface = = 212,2149 ft2
48,5856 × 20,0208

From Table 11 for 3 in. IPS standard pipe there are 0.917 ft2 of external surface per foot
length.
212,2149
Required length = = 231,4230 lin ft = 231 lin ft
0.917

This may be fulfilled by connecting ten 20-ft hairpins in series.

(14) The surface supplied will actually be 240 × 0.917 = 220,08 ft2 . The dirt factor will
accordingly be greater than required. The actual design coefficient is
206.426,22
UD = = 46,8493 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF)
220,08 ×20,0208
𝑈𝐶− 𝑈𝐷 53,8149 − 46,8493
Rd = = = 2,76x10-3 (hr)(ft2)(oF)/Btu
𝑈𝐶 𝑥 𝑈𝐷 53,8149 × 46,8493