Toluene T1 = 160oF

Benzene T1 160
T2 100
t1 = 80oF t2 = 120oF

hairpins 2 x 1 1/4 in
T2 = 100oF

1) Heat Balance
Benzene tav = 100 oF c= 0.425 Btu/lb.F (dari Figure 2)
Q= w c (t2 - t1)
Q= 166940 Btu/hr
Toluene Tav = 130 oF c= 0.44 Btu/lb.F (dari Figure 2)
Q= W c (T1 - T2)
W= 6323.485 lb/hr

2) LMTD
HOT FLUID COLD FLUID DIFF
160 Higher Temp 120 40 Δt2
100 Lower Temp 80 20 Δt1
20 Δt2 - Δt1
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷= (𝛥𝑡2 −
𝛥𝑡1)/(2.3
log⁡〖𝛥𝑡 2/𝛥𝑡1 〗 )
LMTD = 28.89 Of

3) Caloric Temperature
Tav = 1/2 (T1 + T2) tav = 1/2 (t1 + t2)
Tav = 130 oF tav = 100 oF

dari ukuran 2 x 1 1/4 in IPS, berdasar tabel 6.2 flow area inner pipe > annulus, stream yang lebih besar diletakkan di
inner pipe

Hot Fluid : annulus, toluene Cold fluid

4') Flow Area 4)
D2 = 0.17225 in ID 2"
Dari tabel 11
D1 = 0.13833 in OD 1 1/4"
𝑎_𝑎= Aa = 0.00826915 ft2
(𝜋(𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))/4

Equiv diam 𝐷_𝑒= De = 0.07614905 ft

((𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))/
𝐷_1
 𝐷_𝑒=
((𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))/
𝐷_1

5') Mass Velocity 𝐺_𝑎= 5)

𝑊/𝑎_𝑎 Ga = 764707.792

6') Dari Gambar 14, Δt 130 oF -> 𝜇= 0.41 cp 6)

𝜇= 0.99 lb/ft.hr
Reynolds No. 𝑅_𝑒𝑎= (𝐷_𝑒 Reynolds No.
𝐺_𝑎)/𝜇 Rea = 58689.5475

7') Dari Gambar 24, JH = 167 7)

8') Δt 130 oF -> c = 0.44 Btu/lb.F (dari Gambar 2) 8)

k = 0.085 Btu/hr.ft2.F/ft (dari Tabel 4)
(𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)= (𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)=
((0.44(0.99))/0.085)^(1/3)= 1.725 ((0.425(1.21))/0.091)^

9') ℎ_𝑜=𝐽𝐻 𝑘/𝐷_𝑒 (𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3) 9)

(𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 )^0.14 Asumsi 𝜇/𝜇w = 1

ho = 321.6241
10) Correct hi to the surface at the O
ℎ_𝑖𝑜=ℎ_𝑖 𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷

11) Clean overall coefficient, Uc :

𝑈_𝑐=(ℎ_𝑖𝑜
ℎ_𝑜)/(ℎ_𝑖𝑜+ℎ_𝑜 Uc = 149 Btu/hr.ft2.F
)

12) Design overall coefficient, Ud :

1/𝑈_𝐷 =1/𝑈_𝑐 Rd = 0.002
+𝑅_𝑑 1/Ud = 0.0087255033 Ud = 115 Btu/hr.ft2.F
Summary
323 h outside
Uc 149
Ud 115
13) Required Surface :
Q = Ud A Δt 𝐴=𝑄/(𝑈_𝐷 A = 50.42646 ft2
𝛥𝑡)

Dari tabel 11 untuk 1 1/4 in IPS, external surface/ft = 0.435 ft2

Required Length = 115.92 lin ft

Jumlah Hairpin = 2.90 in series
3 in series
L new = 120
A new = 52.2
𝑈_𝐷 =𝑄/(𝐴 𝛥𝑡) Ud = 110.71

𝑅_𝑑=1/𝑈_𝐷 Rd = 0.0023
−1/𝑈_𝑐

Pressure Drop
1') De' = (D2-D1) 1)
De' = 0.034 f = 0.0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
〖𝑅′〗 _𝑒𝑎= f=
( 〖𝐷′〗 _𝑒 R'ea = 26140.233 dari gambar 6
𝐺_𝑎)/𝜇
f = 0.0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
f = 0.0071841
dari gambar 6 s= 0.9 𝜌= 56.25

2') 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑎= 2)

( 〖 4𝑓𝐺 〗 _𝑎^2 Δfa = 22.4771606
𝐿_𝑎)/ 〖 2𝑔𝜌^2 𝐷′ 〗
_𝑒 =
3') V = Ga/3600 rho V = 3.77633478

〖∆𝐹〗 _1=𝑛
𝑉^2/2𝑔= ΔF1 = 2.87871361

〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑎= (( 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑎+ 〖∆

𝐹〗 _1) 𝜌)/144 ΔPa = 9.90463836 psi
 t2 120 W 6323.485 Rd 0.001 for each
t1 80 w 9820 L 20 ft

Figure 2)

Figure 2)

bih besar diletakkan di

Cold fluid : inner pipe, benzene

D= 0.115 in ID 1 1/4" Dari tabel 11
𝑎_𝑝=
(𝜋𝐷^2)/4 Ap = 0.0104 ft2

𝐺_𝑝=
𝑤/𝑎_𝑝
 𝐺_𝑝=
𝑤/𝑎_𝑝 Gp = 945902

Dari Gambar 14, Δt 130 oF -> 𝜇= 0.5 cp

𝜇= 1.21 lb/ft.hr
𝑅_𝑒𝑎=
(𝐷𝐺_𝑝)/𝜇 Rea = 89899.78

Dari Gambar 24, JH = 236

Δt 130 oF -> c = 0.425 Btu/lb.F (dari Gambar 2)

k = 0.091 Btu/hr.ft2.F/ft (dari Tabel 4)
(𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)=
((0.425(1.21))/0.091)^(1/3)= 1.78

ℎ_𝑖=𝐽𝐻 𝑘/𝐷 (𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)

(𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 )^0.14 Asumsi 𝜇/𝜇w = 1

hi = 332.6339
orrect hi to the surface at the OD
ℎ_𝑖𝑜=ℎ_𝑖 𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷
hio = 276.527

276
 Rep = 89899.78 (dari step (6))
0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
0.005692933
s= 0.78 𝜌= 48.75

〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝= Δfp = 10.7008

( 〖 4𝑓𝐺 〗 _𝑝^2
𝐿_𝑝)/(2𝑔𝜌^2 𝐷)

〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑝=
( 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝 𝜌)/144 ΔPp = 3.622667 psi
 Kecap
75 L/h T1 = 105oC

suhu dalam F
Water T1 137
T2 62
t1 = 10oC t2 = 35oC

hairpins 2 x 1 1/4 in
T2 = 30oC

1) Heat Balance
Kecap Tav = 99.5 oF c = 0.6666430706 Btu/lb.F (dari data)
Q= W c (T1 - T2)
Q= 8349.713 Btu/hr
Water tav = 54.5 oF c= 1 Btu/lb.F (dari Figure 2)
Q= w c (t2 - t1)
w= 333.988505 lb/hr

2) LMTD
HOT FLUID COLD FLUID DIFF
137 Higher Temp 67 70 Δt2
62 Lower Temp 42 20 Δt1
50 Δt2 - Δt1
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷= (𝛥𝑡2 −
𝛥𝑡1)/(2.3
log⁡〖𝛥𝑡 2/𝛥𝑡1 〗 )
LMTD = 39.96 Of

3) Caloric Temperature
Tav = 1/2 (T1 + T2) tav = 1/2 (t1 + t2)
Tav = 99.5 oF tav = 54.5 oF

dari ukuran 2 x 1 1/4 in IPS, berdasar tabel 6.2 flow area inner pipe > annulus, stream yang lebih besar diletakkan di inner
pipe

Hot Fluid : annulus, toluene Cold

4') Flow Area 4)
D2 = 0.17225 in ID 2"
Dari tabel 11
D1 = 0.13833 in OD 1 1/4"
𝑎_𝑎= Aa = 0.00826915 ft2
(𝜋(𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))/4

Equiv diam 𝐷_𝑒= De = 0.07614905 ft

((𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))
/𝐷_1
 𝐷_𝑒=
((𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))
/𝐷_1

5') Mass Velocity 𝐺_𝑎= 5)

𝑊/𝑎_𝑎 Ga = 20195.5614

6') Dari Gambar 14, Δt 130 oF -> 𝜇= 400 cp 6)

𝜇= 968.00 lb/ft.hr
Reynolds No. 𝑅_𝑒𝑎= Reynolds No.
(𝐷_𝑒 𝐺_𝑎)/𝜇 Rea = 1.5887115

7') Dari Gambar 24, JH = 1 7)

8') Δt 130 oF -> c = 0.44 Btu/lb.F (dari Gambar 2) 8)

k = 0.085 Btu/hr.ft2.F/ft (dari Tabel 4)
(𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)= (𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)=
((0.44(0.99))/0.085)^(1/3)= 17.112 ((0.425(1.21))/0.091

9') ℎ_𝑜=𝐽𝐻 𝑘/𝐷_𝑒 (𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3) 9) ℎ_𝑖=𝐽𝐻 𝑘/𝐷

(𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 )^0.14 Asumsi 𝜇/𝜇w = 1 (𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 )^0.1

ho = 19.101061
10) Correct hi to the surface at
ℎ_𝑖𝑜=ℎ_𝑖 𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷

11) Clean overall coefficient, Uc :

𝑈_𝑐=(ℎ_𝑖𝑜 ℎ_𝑜)/
(ℎ_𝑖𝑜+ℎ_𝑜 ) Uc = 18 Btu/hr.ft2.F

12) Design overall coefficient, Ud :

1/𝑈_𝐷 =1/𝑈_𝑐 Rd = 0.002
+𝑅_𝑑 1/Ud = 0.057969396 Ud = 17 Btu/hr.ft2.F
Summary
323 h outside
Uc 149
Ud 115
13) Required Surface :
Q = Ud A Δt 𝐴=𝑄/(𝑈_𝐷 A = 0.484553066 ft2
𝛥𝑡)

Dari tabel 11 untuk 1 1/4 in IPS, external surface/ft = 0.435 ft2

Required Length = 1.11 lin ft

Jumlah Hairpin = 0.03 in series
3 in series
L new = 120
A new = 52.2
𝑈_𝐷 =𝑄/(𝐴 𝛥𝑡) Ud = 0.16

𝑅_𝑑=1/𝑈_𝐷 Rd = 6.1890
−1/𝑈_𝑐

Pressure Drop
1') De' = (D2-D1) 1)
De' = 0.034 f = 0.0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
〖𝑅′〗 _𝑒𝑎= f=
( 〖𝐷′〗 _𝑒 R'ea = 0.708 dari gambar 6
𝐺_𝑎)/𝜇
f = 0.0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
f = 0.3087745
dari gambar 6 s= 0.9 𝜌= 56.25

2') 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑎= 2) 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝=

( 〖 4𝑓𝐺 〗 _𝑎^2 Δfa = 0.67379853 ( 〖 4𝑓𝐺 〗 _𝑝^
𝐿_𝑎)/ 〖 2𝑔𝜌^2 𝐷′ 〗 𝐿_𝑝)/(2𝑔𝜌^
_𝑒 =
3') V = Ga/3600 rho V = 0.09973117 〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑝=
( 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝 𝜌)
〖∆𝐹〗 _1=𝑛
𝑉^2/2𝑔= ΔF1 = 0.00200779

〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑎= (( 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑎+ 〖∆

𝐹〗 _1) 𝜌)/144 ΔPa = 0.26398685 psi
 rate dalam lb/h
t2 67 W 167.0002 Rd 0.001 for each
t1 42 w 333.9885 L 20 ft

properties kecap
density : 1.01 gr/l = 2.226669 lb/L
viscosity :
specific heat : 2791.1 J/Kg.C = 0.666643 Btu/lb.F

data) density of water : 997 kg/m3 = 2.198009 lb/L

w= 151.9505 L/h

Figure 2)

125.4971263 93.49713

esar diletakkan di inner

Cold fluid : inner pipe, benzene

D= 0.115 in ID 1 1/4" Dari tabel 11
𝑎_𝑝=
(𝜋𝐷^2)/4 Ap = 0.0104 ft2

𝐺_𝑝=
𝑤/𝑎_𝑝
 𝐺_𝑝=
𝑤/𝑎_𝑝 Gp = 32171.12

Dari Gambar 14, Δt 5 oF -> 𝜇= 0.5 cp

𝜇= 1.21 lb/ft.hr
𝑅_𝑒𝑎=
(𝐷𝐺_𝑝)/𝜇 Rea = 3057.586

Dari Gambar 24, JH = 236

Δt 130 oF -> c = 0.425 Btu/lb.F (dari Gambar 2)

k = 0.091 Btu/hr.ft2.F/ft (dari Tabel 4)
(𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)=
((0.425(1.21))/0.091)^(1/3)= 1.78

ℎ_𝑖=𝐽𝐻 𝑘/𝐷 (𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)

(𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 )^0.14 Asumsi 𝜇/𝜇w = 1

hi = 332.6339
orrect hi to the surface at the OD
_𝑖𝑜=ℎ_𝑖 𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷
hio = 276.527

276
 Rep = 3057.586 (dari step (6))
0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
0.012572874
s= 0.78 𝜌= 48.75

〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝= Δfp = 0.027337

( 〖 4𝑓𝐺 〗 _𝑝^2
𝐿_𝑝)/(2𝑔𝜌^2 𝐷)

〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑝=
( 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝 𝜌)/144 ΔPp = 0.009255 psi
 Kecap
75 L/h T1 = 105oC

suhu dalam F
Water T1 137
T2 62
t1 = 10oC t2 = 35oC

hairpins 2 x 1 1/4 in
T2 = 30oC

1) Heat Balance
Kecap Tav = 99.5 oF c = 0.6666430706 Btu/lb.F (dari data)
Q= W c (T1 - T2)
Q= 11160.507 Btu/hr
Water tav = 54.5 oF c= 1 Btu/lb.F (dari Figure 2)
Q= w c (t2 - t1)
w= 446.420279 lb/hr

2) LMTD
HOT FLUID COLD FLUID DIFF
137 Higher Temp 67 70 Δt2
62 Lower Temp 42 20 Δt1
50 Δt2 - Δt1
𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷= (𝛥𝑡2 −
𝛥𝑡1)/(2.3
log⁡〖𝛥𝑡 2/𝛥𝑡1 〗 )
LMTD = 39.96 Of

3) Caloric Temperature
Tav = 1/2 (T1 + T2) tav = 1/2 (t1 + t2)
Tav = 99.5 oF tav = 54.5 oF

ukuran 1/2 x 1/8 in IPS, berdasar tabel 6.2 flow area inner pipe > annulus, stream yang lebih besar diletakkan di inner pipe

Hot Fluid : annulus, toluene Cold

4') Flow Area 4)
D2 = 0.05183333 in ID 1/2"
Dari tabel 11
D1 = 0.03375 in OD 1/8"
𝑎_𝑎= Aa = 0.00121489 ft2
(𝜋(𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))/4

Equiv diam 𝐷_𝑒= De = 0.04585576 ft

((𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))
/𝐷_1
 𝐷_𝑒=
((𝐷_2^2−𝐷_1^2))
/𝐷_1

5') Mass Velocity 𝐺_𝑎= 5)

𝑊/𝑎_𝑎 Ga = 183735.023

6') Dari Gambar 14, Δt 130 oF -> 𝜇= 400 cp 6)

𝜇= 968.00 lb/ft.hr
Reynolds No. 𝑅_𝑒𝑎= Reynolds No.
(𝐷_𝑒 𝐺_𝑎)/𝜇 Rea = 8.703832

7') Dari Gambar 24, JH = 1 7)

8') Δt 130 oF -> c = 0.6666430706 Btu/lb.F (dari Gambar 2) 8)

k = 0.085 Btu/hr.ft2.F/ft (dari Tabel 4)
(𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)= (𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)=
19.654

9') ℎ_𝑜=𝐽𝐻
ℎ_𝑜=𝐽𝐻
𝑘/𝐷_𝑒
𝑘/𝐷_𝑒
(𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)
(𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)
∅_𝑎 9) ℎ_𝑖=𝐽𝐻 𝑘/𝐷 (
(𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 )^0.14 ℎ_𝑜⁄𝜙_𝑎 = 36.431323691
ℎ_𝑖⁄𝜙_𝑝 =

at 380 oF -> 𝜇_𝑤= 0.54 cp 𝜇_𝑤= 1.31 lb/ft.hr 10) Correct hi to the surface at
𝜙_𝑎=(𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 ) ℎ_𝑖𝑜/𝜙_𝑝 =ℎ_𝑖/𝜙_𝑝
ℎ_𝑖𝑜=ℎ_𝑖 𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷
^0.14= 2.522 2.5220475618 𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷

ℎ_𝑜=ℎ_𝑜⁄𝜙_𝑎 ∗𝜙_𝑎= 91.881531 at 63 oF ->

𝜙_𝑝=(𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 )^0.14=

〖ℎ𝑖〗 _𝑜= 〖ℎ𝑖〗 _𝑜⁄𝜙_𝑝

∗𝜙_𝑝=

11) Clean overall coefficient, Uc :

𝑈_𝑐=(ℎ_𝑖𝑜 ℎ_𝑜)/
(ℎ_𝑖𝑜+ℎ_𝑜 ) Uc = 57 Btu/hr.ft2.F

12) Design overall coefficient, Ud :

1/𝑈_𝐷 =1/𝑈_𝑐 Rd = 0.002
+𝑅_𝑑 1/Ud = 0.0195412387 Ud = 51 Btu/hr.ft2.F
Summary
323 h outside
Uc 149
Ud 115
13) Required Surface :
Q = Ud A Δt 𝐴=𝑄/(𝑈_𝐷 A = 0.2183268023 ft2
𝛥𝑡)

Dari tabel 11 untuk 1 1/4 in IPS, external surface/ft = 0.435 ft2

Required Length = 0.50 lin ft

Jumlah Hairpin = 0.01 in series
1 in series
L new = 40
A new = 17.4
𝑈_𝐷 =𝑄/(𝐴 𝛥𝑡) Ud = 0.64

𝑅_𝑑=1/𝑈_𝐷 Rd = 1.5398
−1/𝑈_𝑐

Pressure Drop
1') De' = (D2-D1) 1)
De' = 0.018 f = 0.0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
〖𝑅′〗 _𝑒𝑎= f=
( 〖𝐷′〗 _𝑒 R'ea = 3.432 dari tabel 6
𝐺_𝑎)/𝜇
f = 0.0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
f = 0.1607729
𝜌= 84.277608 lb/ft3

2') 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑎= 2) 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝=

( 〖 4𝑓𝐺 〗 _𝑎^2 Δfa = 8.08737638 ( 〖 4𝑓𝐺 〗 _𝑝^
𝐿_𝑎)/ 〖 2𝑔𝜌^2 𝐷′ 〗 𝐿_𝑝)/(2𝑔𝜌^
_𝑒 =
3') V = Ga/3600 rho V = 0.60558798 〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑝=
( 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝 𝜌)
〖∆𝐹〗 _1=𝑛
𝑉^2/2𝑔= ΔF1 = 0.07403072

〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑎= (( 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑎+ 〖∆

𝐹〗 _1) 𝜌)/144 ΔPa = 4.77655464 psi
 rate dalam lb/h
t2 67 W 223.218 Rd 0.001 for each
t1 42 w 446.4203 L 20 ft

properties kecap
density : 1.35 gr/l = 2.976241 lb/L
viscosity :
specific heat : 2791.1 J/Kg.C = 0.666643 Btu/lb.F

data) density of water : 997 kg/m3 = 2.198009 lb/L

w= 203.1021 L/h

Figure 2)

153.6050698 121.6051

diletakkan di inner pipe

Cold fluid : inner pipe, benzene

D= 0.115 in ID 1/8" Dari tabel 11
𝑎_𝑝=
(𝜋𝐷^2)/4 Ap = 0.0104 ft2

𝐺_𝑝=
𝑤/𝑎_𝑝
 𝐺_𝑝=
𝑤/𝑎_𝑝 Gp = 43001

Dari Gambar 14, Δt 54.5 oF ->𝜇= 0.55 cp

𝜇= 1.331 lb/ft.hr
𝑅_𝑒𝑎=
(𝐷𝐺_𝑝)/𝜇 Rea = 3715.338

Dari Gambar 24, JH = 10.1

Δt 54.5 oF -> c= 1 Btu/lb.F (dari Gambar 2)

k = 0.3418 Btu/hr.ft2.F/ft (dari Tabel 4)
(𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3)=
1.57

ℎ_𝑖=𝐽𝐻 𝑘/𝐷 (𝑐𝜇/𝑘)^(1/3) ∅_𝑝

ℎ_𝑖⁄𝜙_𝑝 =
47.22779
orrect hi to the surface at the OD 𝑡_𝑤=𝑡_𝑐+(ℎ_𝑜⁄𝜙_𝑎 )/(ℎ_𝑖𝑜⁄𝜙_𝑝
_𝑖𝑜=ℎ_𝑖 =ℎ_𝑖/𝜙_𝑝
_𝑖𝑜/𝜙_𝑝 𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷 +ℎ_𝑜⁄𝜙_𝑎 )( 〖𝑇 _𝑐−𝑡 〗 _𝑐) tw =
𝐷/𝑂𝐷 〖ℎ𝑖〗 _𝑜⁄𝜙_
𝑝=
160.9243

𝜇_𝑤= 0.9 cp 𝜇_𝑤= 2.18 lb/ft.hr

𝑝=(𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 )^0.14=
0.93

〗 _𝑜= 〖ℎ𝑖〗 _𝑜⁄𝜙_𝑝 150.203

𝑝=

276
 Rep = 3715.338 (dari step (6))
0035 + 0.264/ R'ea^0.42
0.011859968
s= 1 𝜌= 62.5 lb/ft3

〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝= Δfp = 0.009343

( 〖 4𝑓𝐺 〗 _𝑝^2
𝐿_𝑝)/(2𝑔𝜌^2 𝐷)

〖∆𝑃〗 _𝑝=
( 〖∆𝐹〗 _𝑝 𝜌)/144 ΔPp = 0.004055 psi
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