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a. Heat Balance
Q1p ada aliran panas
124,88 + 97,88
Tav = 2 = 111,38 oF
Dari Fig.2 Kern, halaman 804 dari lampiran grafik, dan untuk air memiliki
Densitas 61,84 lbm/hr yang sudah di ekstrapolasi pada ragen suhu antara
100 °F dan 150 °F (Appendix A-2.11 Buku Geankoplis, 1915) sehingga:
C = 0,96 BTU/lb oF
ρ = 61,84 lb/ft3
Maka :
W = ρ × laju alir
= 61,84 lb/ft3 × (8,6 L/menit × 1 ft3/28,32 L × 60 menit/hr)
= 1.126,74 lbm/hr
Q1 = W.C.(T1-T2)
Q1 = 6.230,42 BTU/hr
Q2 = W.C.(t2-t1)
b. LMTD
Hot fluid Cold fluid Diff Keterangan
T1 124,88°F Higher temp t1 96,08°F 28,8 °F ∆t2
T2 119,12°F Lower temp t2 97,88°F 21,24 °F ∆t1
T1–T2 5,76°F Different t2 – t1 1,8°F 7,56 °F ∆t2 - ∆t1
27 - 23,04
LMTD =
ln [27/23,04]
3,96
LMTD =
ln 1,17
3,96
LMTD =
0,16
LMTD = 24,75
e. Dari Fig.19 Kern, halaman 829 lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa :
Ft = 0,99
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 24,75 (0,99) = 24,50 oF
f. Ta dan ta
(T1 + T2) (124,88 + 119,12)
Ta =
2
= 2
= 122 °F
Mass Velocity
W 1.126,74 lb/hr
Gt = = = 1.482.552,63 lb / hr ft2
at 0,00076 ft 2
L 8,66
= = 206,19
D 0,042
hi//∅ t = jH ( )[
k
(
D k
C μ 13
) ]
=4 (0,376
0,0026 )
[1,154 ]
= 4 (144,62) (1,154)
= 667,56 Btu/hr ft2 ° F
ID
hio = hi/∅ t ×
OD
0,031
= 667,56 ×
0,042
= 492,66
Tube Wall Corecction
ho/ ∅ s
tw = tc + hio/ ∅ t + ho/ ∅ s (Tc – tc)
1.222,91 /1
= 96,98 +
492,66/1 + 1.222,91 /1
(122 – 96,98)
1.222,91
= 96,98 + (25,02)
4 92,66 /1 + 1.222,91/1
1.222,91
= 96,98 + (25,02)
492,66 + 1.222,91
1.222,91
= 96,98 + (25,02)
1.715,57
= 96,98 + 0,713 (25,02)
= 114,82 °F
Pada tw = 114,82 maka diperoleh
µw = 0,85 × 2,42
= 2,057 lb/ft.hr
( )
0,14
µ
∅t =
µw
= (2,057 )
0,14
1,3552
0,14
= ( 0,659 )
= 0,943
= 4 (144,62) (1,088)
= 629,39 Btu/hr ft² °f
0,00716
=9
= 0,000796 ft2
4 × P T ² - π d0/4
De =
π d0
4 × (0,75)² - 3,14 × 0,5/4
=
3,14 × 0,5
2,25 - 0,3925
= 1,57
1,857
=
1,57
= 1,183 In
= 0,0986 ft
Mass Velocity
W 1.126,74 lbm/hr
Gs = = = 1.415.502,51 lb/hr ft2
as 0,000796 ft2
ho/∅s = jH ( )[ ]
k
(
D k
C μ 13
) ∅s
= 200 (
0,098 6 )
0,364
[1,684] (1)
( )
0,14
µ
∅s =
µw
=(
2,057 )
0,14
1,839
= ( 0,894 )0,14
= 0,984
ho = jH ( KD ) [( Ckµ ) ⅓]∅s
= 200 (
0,0986 )
0,364
(1,684) (0,984)
= 1.222,91 Btu/hr.ft² °F
Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)
hio . ho ( 492,66) ( 1.222,91) 602.478,84
Uc =
hio + ho
= 492,66 + 1.222,91
= 1.715,57
= 351,183
Btu/hr.ft2.°F
Design Overall Coefficient (Ud)
Dari tabel 10. Kern, halaman 843 dapat dilihat bahwa pada OD tube 0,5
In maka a” = 0,1309 ft
Luas area total (A) = n × length × a”
= (8,66) × (2,30) × (0,1309)
= 2,6072 ft²
Fluida Panas di Tube
Q 6.230,42 6.230,42
Ud = = =
A × ∆t 2,6072 ( 24,50 ) 63,88
= 97,53 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
Q 1.650,23 1.650,23
Ud = = = = 25,83 Btu/hr.ft².°F
A × ∆ t 2,6072 (24,50) 63,88
1
Ui = 0 ,0008 + (0,0005) + (0,0006 )
1
Ui = 0 ,0019
Ui = 526,32 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
Fluida Dingin di Shell
1
Uo =
1/ho + (ro/k) ln (ro/ri) + (ro/ri) (1/ho)
Uo =
1
1/ 1.222,91 + (0,021/9,02) ln (0,021/0,0155) + (0,021/0,0155) (1/ 1.222,91 )
1
Uo =
0,0008 + (0,0023) ln (1,3548) + (1,3548) (0,0008)
1
Uo = 0 ,0008 + (0,0023) (0,3037) + (1,3548) (0,0008)
1
Uo = 0 ,0008 + (0,0007) + (0,0011)
1
Uo = 0 ,0026
Uo = 384,62 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
6. Run II, bukaan panas (Tube) = 50°, bukaan dingin (Shell) = 80°
Suhu 55 °C
T1 = 51,4 °C = 124,52 °F
T2 = 48,2 °C = 118,76 °F
t1 = 34 °C = 93,2 °F
t2 = 35 °C = 95 °F
Panjang tube (L) = 264 cm = 8,66 ft
Diameter tube (D) = 1,27 cm = 0,042 ft
Panjang shell = 70 cm = 2,30 ft
Diameter shell = 16 cm = 0,52 ft
Ketebalan shell = 2 cm = 0,066 ft
Diameter tube dianggap sebagai OD sehingga pada Tabel. 11 Kern,
halaman 844 dapat dilihat bahwa OD nominal pipe 0,5 In didapat ID = 0,622 In
lalu dicek ke Tabel. 10, Kern, halaman 843 didapat ID = 0,622 In BWG = 16 dan
OD = 0,5 .
Spesifikasi Alat
OD = 0,5 In = 0,041 ft
ID = 0,37 In = 0,031 ft
Flow area tube per tube = 0,302 In2 = 0,002 ft
BWG = 16
Pitch Tube = 0,75 In = 0,062 ft
a. Heat Balance
Q1p ada aliran panas
124,52 + 118,76
Tav = 2 = 121,64 oF
Dari Fig.2 Kern, halaman 804 dari lampiran grafik, dan untuk air memiliki
Densitas 61,84 lbm/hr yang sudah di ekstrapolasi pada ragen suhu antara
100 °F dan 150 °F (Appendix A-2.11 Buku Geankoplis, 1915) sehingga:
C = 0,97 BTU/lb oF
ρ = 61,70 lb/ft3
Maka :
W = ρ × laju alir
= 61,70 lb/ft3 × (7,5 L/menit × 1 ft3/28,32 L × 60 menit/hr)
= 980,40 lbm/hr
Q1 = W.C.(T1-T2)
Q1 = 5.477,69 BTU/hr
Q2 = W.C.(t2-t1)
b. LMTD
Hot fluid Cold fluid Diff Keterangan
T1 124,52°F Higher temp t1 93,2°F 31,2 °F ∆t2
T2 118,76°F Lower temp t2 95°F 23,76 °F ∆t1
T1–T2 5,76°F Different t2 – t1 1,8°F 7,44 °F ∆t2 - ∆t1
29,52 - 25,56
LMTD =
ln [29,52/25,56]
3,96
LMTD =
ln 1,15
3,96
LMTD =
0,14
LMTD = 28,29
e. Dari Fig.19 Kern, halaman 829 lampiran grafik dapat dilihat bahwa :
Ft = 0,98
∆t = LMTD (Ft) = 28,29 (0,98) = 27,72 oF
f. Ta dan ta
(T1 + T2) (124,52 + 118,76)
Ta =
2
= 2
= 121,64 °F
Mass Velocity
W 980,40 lb/hr
Gt = = = 1.290.000 lb / hr ft2
at 0,00076 ft 2
L 8,66
= = 206,19
D 0,042
= 4 (144,62) (1,154)
= 667,56 Btu/hr ft2 ° F
ID
hio/∅ t = hi/∅ t ×
OD
0,031
= 667,56 ×
0,042
= 492,66
Tube Wall Corecction
ho/ ∅ s
tw = tc + hio/ ∅ t + ho/ ∅ s (Tc – tc)
1.167,79 / 1
= 94,1 +
492,66/ 1 +1.167,79 /1
(121,64 – 94,1)
1.167,79
= 94,1 + (27,54)
492,66/1 + 1.167,79/1
1.167,79
= 94,1 + (27,54)
492,66 + 1.167,79
1.167,79
= 94,1 + (27,54)
1.660,45
= 94,1 + 0,703 (27,54)
= 113,46 °F
Pada tw = 113,46 maka diperoleh
µw = 0,75 × 2,42
= 1,815 lb/ft.hr
( )
0,14
µ
∅t =
µw
=(
1,815 )
0,14
1,3552
0,14
= ( 0,747 )
= 0,960
hi = jH ( KD ) [( Ckµ ) ⅓] ∅ t
=3(
0 ,0026 )
0,376
[1,154] (0,960)
= 3 (144,15) (1,108)
= 479,15 Btu/hr ft² °f
0,00716
=9
= 0,000796 ft2
4 × P T ² - π d0/4
De =
π d0
4 × (0,75)² - 3,14 × 0,5/4
=
3,14 × 0,5
2,25 - 0,3925
= 1,57
1,857
=
1,57
= 1,183 In
= 0,0986 ft
Mass Velocity
W 1.170,58 lbm/hr
Gs = = = 1.470.577,89 lb/hr ft2
as 0,000796 ft 2
ho/∅s = jH ( )[ ]
k
(
D k
C μ 13
) ∅s
= 200 (
0,098 6 )
0,362
[1,591] (1)
( )
0,14
µ
∅s =
µw
=(
1,815 )
0,14
1,9118
= ( 1,053 )0,14
= 1,007
ho = jH ( KD ) [( Ckµ ) ⅓]∅s
= 200 (
0,0986 )
0,362
(1,591) (1,007)
= 1.176,29 Btu/hr.ft² °F
Clean Overall Coefficient (Uc)
hio . ho (492,66) (1.176,29) 579.511,03
Uc =
hio + ho
= 492,66 + 1.176,29
= 1.668,95 = 347,23
Btu/hr.ft2.°F
Design Overall Coefficient (Ud)
Dari tabel 10. Kern, halaman 843 dapat dilihat bahwa pada OD tube 0,5
In maka a” = 0,1309 ft
Luas area total (A) = n × length × a”
= (8,66) × (2,30) × (0,1309)
= 2,6072 ft²
Fluida Panas di Tube
Q 5.477,69 5.477,69
Ud = = =
A × ∆t 2,6072 ( 27,72 ) 72,272
= 75,79 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
Q 1.938,48 1.938,48
Ud = = = = 26,82 Btu/hr.ft².°F
A × ∆ t 2,6072 (27,72) 72,272
1
Ui = 0 ,0 0 021 + (0,0005) + (0,0006 )
1
Ui = 0 ,00 1 31
Ui = 763,36 Btu/hr.ft2.°F
Fluida Dingin di Shell
1
Uo =
1/ho + (ro/k) ln (ro/ri) + (ro/ri) (1/ho)
Uo =
1
1/ 1.176 ,29 + (0,021/9,02) ln (0,021/0,0155) + (0,021/0,0155) (1/ 1.176,29 )
1
Uo =
0 ,0008 + (0,0023) ln (1,3548) + (1,3548) (0,0008)
1
Uo = 0 ,0008 + (0,0023) (0,3037) + (1,3548) (0,0008)
1
Uo = 0 ,0008 + (0,0007) + (0,0011)
1
Uo = 0 ,0026
Uo = 384,62 Btu/hr.ft2.°F