Spesifik

Shell
No. Uraian Notasi Satuan
1. Diameter luar ODs inchi
2. Diameter dalam ID inchi
3. Jumlah buffle N buah
4. Jarak antar buffle B inchi
5. Jumlah passes n
6. Jenis fluida

Data Hasil

SHELL (SOLAR)
Kapasitas/Hari Suhu Masuk T1 Suhu Keluar T2
Tanggal
(L/D) (o F) (oF)
4/6/2023 154,250 212 185
4/7/2023 173,283 230 194
4/10/2023 137,716 186.8 167
4/11/2023 137,716 219.2 170.6
4/12/2023 149,190 212 167
Rata-Rata 150,431 212 176.72

Perhi

Solar - Hot Fluid - Shell

Suhu masuk T1 = 212 ˚F
Suhu Keluar T2 = 176.72 ˚F

1. Menentukan Mass Flow (W)

Flow rate = 150,431 L/hari
Mass Flow = 150,431 L/hari x
= 279377.9410023 lb x
hari
= 11640.747541763 lb/jam

2. SG solar
 SG solar = ρ solar
ρ air
= 842.26 kg/m3
997 kg/m3
= 0.8448

3. ˚API
˚API = 141.5
-131.5
SG 60/60 ˚F
= 141.5
-131.5
0.8448
= 35.9964

4. Menentukan Heat Balance

Tavg = T1+T2 = 388.72
2 2
Cp = 0.56 Btu/lb˚F (Kern,fig 4)
∆T = T1-T2 = 35.28
Qs = W x Cp x ∆T
= 229983.92103309 Btu/jam

5. Menghitung Neraca Perpindahan Panas

Q = Qs - Qt
= 99704.081289866 Btu/jam

(𝑄/𝑄𝑠) ×100%
Losses =

= 99704.081289866 x 100
229983.92103309
= 43.3526 %

Qlosses = Q x Losses
100
= 43224.3427 Btu/jam

Qtransfer = Q - Qlosses
= 56479.7386 Btu/jam

6. Menghitung LMTD
Shell (solar) Tube (crude oil)
T1 = 212 ˚F t2 =
T2 = 176.72 ˚F t1 =
 (∆𝑡ℎ−∆𝑡𝑐)/ln⁡〖∆𝑡ℎ
LMTD = /∆𝑡𝑐 〗

= 81.4104 ˚F

R= T1 - T2
t2 - t1
= 2.8179

S= t2 - t1
T1 - t1
= 0.1183

FT = 0.99 (Kern, Fig 18)

∆LMTD = FT x LMTD
= 80.5963 ˚F

7 Menghitung Tc dan tc
∆tc = 70.56 ˚F
∆th 93.32 ˚F

= 0.7561 ˚F

Kc = 0.28 (Kern, Fig 17)

Fc = 0.37 (Kern, Fig 17)
sehingga,
a. Pada shell : Tc = T2 + Fc (T1-T2)
= 176.72 +
= 189.7736 ˚F

b. Pada tube : tc = t2 + Fc (t2-t1)

= 118.68 +
= 123.3124 ˚F

Solar - Hot Fluid - Shell

8. Menghitung Flow Area

Diketahui :
ID = 30.748 inchi
Pitch (Pt) = 1.25 inchi
ODt = 1 inchi
Tube clearance (c") = Pt - OD
= 0.25 inchi
 Jarak antar buffle (B) = 23.623 inchi

𝑎_(𝑠(𝐼𝐷 ×𝐶" ×
=) 𝐵)/(144 ×𝑃𝑡)

= 30.748 in x 0.25
144 in^2 / ft^2 x
= 1.0088 ft2

9 Menghitung Mass velocity

Gs = W
as
= 11640.7475 lb/jam
1.0088 ft2
= 11538.8212 𝑙𝑏/
(𝑗𝑎𝑚.𝑓𝑡2
)

10 Menghitung Reynold number (Res)

Diketahui :
OD = 1 inchi
Pt = 1.25 inchi
De = 0.72 inchi (Kern, Fig. 28)
= 0.06 ft
Tc = 189.7736 ˚F
˚API = 35.9964
Berdasarkan Buku Kern Fig. 14 Viskositas of petroleum, diperoleh :
35 ˚API → x= 10
y= 20
μ= 1.8

42 ˚API → x= 11.6
y= 16
μ= 0.85
untuk mencari μ pada ˚API = 36,543 didapatkan dengan cara interpolasi
42 - 36.543 = 0,85 - μ
42 - 35 0,85 - 1,8
6.0036 = 0,85 - μ
7 -0.95
-5.7034 = 5.95
7μ = 11.6534
μ = 1.6648
μ = 4.0288

Res = De x Gs
 μ
= 0.06 ft x 11538.8212 𝑙𝑏/
(𝑗𝑎𝑚.𝑓𝑡2
)

4.0288 lb/ft.jam
= 171.8467

11 Factor for heat transfer

Pada Res = 171.8467
didapatkan jH = 6.1 (Kern, Fig 28)

12 Bilangan Prandtl
Tc = 189.7736 ˚F
˚API = 35.996378790397
c= 0.51 Btu/lb ˚F (Kern, Fig 4)
K= 0.077 Btu/ ft2.hr(˚F/ft) (Kern, Fig 1)
μ = 4.0287607372681 lb/ft.jam

[(𝑐×𝜇)/𝐾]^(1/3)
Pr =

= ( 0.51 Btu/lb ˚F x 4.0287607372681

0.077 Btu/ ft2.hr(˚F/ft)
= 8.8946665627997

13 Koefisien perpindahan panas fluida (ho)

𝐽𝐻×𝐾/𝐷𝑒×[(𝑐 ×𝜇𝑠)/𝐾]^(1/3)×
ho =
∅_𝑠

ℎ𝑜/𝐽𝐻×𝐾/𝐷𝑒×
= [(𝑐 ×𝜇𝑠)/𝐾]^(1/3)
∅_𝑠

ℎ𝑜/ = 6.1 x 0.077

∅_𝑠
0.06
= 69.63041474245 Btu/ft2.hr ˚F

14 Tube wall temperature

Tc = 189.7736 ˚F
tc = 123.3124 ˚F
Tc-tc = 66.4612 ˚F

𝑡𝑐 +(ℎ𝑜/∅_𝑠 )/(ℎ𝑜/∅_𝑠 +ℎ𝑖𝑜/∅_𝑡 ) x (Tc - tc)

Tw =

= 123.3124 + 0.7840593641016
 = 175.42192620943 ˚F

15 Menghitung ∅s
Tw = 175.42192620943 ˚F
˚API = 35.996378790397

Berdasarkan Buku Kern Fig. 14 Viskositas of petroleum, diperoleh :

35 ˚API → x= 10
y= 20
μ= 2

42 ˚API → x= 11.6
y= 16
μ= 0.9
untuk mencari μ pada ˚API = 36,543 didapatkan dengan cara interpolasi
42 - 36.543 = 0,9 - μ
42 - 35 0,9 - 2
6.0036212096027 = 0,9 - μ
7 -1.1
-6.603983330563 = 6.3
7μ = 12.903983330563
μ = 1.8434261900804
μw = 4.4610913799946

∅𝑠=
[𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 ]^0,14

= 0.9858304989503

16 Menghitung ho terkoreksi
ho = ℎ𝑜/∅_𝑠 x
∅_𝑠

= 69.63041474245 x 0.9858304989503
= 68.643786507663 Btu/ft .hr ˚F
2

17 Menghitung koefisien bersih (Uc)

Uc =(ℎ𝑖𝑜 𝑥 ℎ𝑜)/(ℎ𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜)
 = 20.251354420446 x 68.643786507663
20.251354420446 + 68.643786507663
= 15.637858659253 Btu/ft2.hr ˚F

18 Menghitung koefisien desain (Ud)

ODt = 1 inchi
BWG = 14
a'' = 0.2618 ft2/ft (Kern, Tabel 10)
Nt = 400
L= 10 ft

Ud 𝑄𝑡/(𝑁𝑡
= 𝑥 𝑎^′′ 𝑥 𝐿 𝑥 ∆𝐿𝑀𝑇𝐷)

= 130279.83974323
84400.478903774
= 1.5435912382886 Btu/ft2.hr ˚F

19 Menghitung nilai Rd (dirt factor)

(𝑈𝑐
Rd = −𝑈𝑑)/(𝑈𝑐 𝑥 𝑈𝑑)

= 15.637858659253 - 1.5435912382886
15.637858659253 x 1.5435912382886
= 0.5838925300006 ft2.hr ˚F/Btu

20 Menghitung efisiensi HE-02

ⴄ= Qtransfer x 100%
Qmasuk
= 56479.738556681 x 100%
99704.081289866
= 56.64737%

Solar - Hot Fluid - Shell

21 Menghitung Factor friksi (f)

Res = 171.84670884191
f= 0.0055 ft2/in2 (Kern,Fig 29)
SG = 0.8447943831494
Ds = 30.748 inchi
= 2.5623333333333 ft

22 Menghitung Jumlah Crosses

L= 10 ft
 B= 23.623 inchi

N+1 = 12 x L
B
= 120
23.623
= 5.0797951149304

23 Menghitung Pressure drop (∆Ps)

(∆Ps)(𝑓.= 〖 (𝐺𝑠) 〗 ^2. 𝐷𝑠.
(𝑁+1))/(5,22.10^10.𝐷𝑒.𝑆𝐺
.∅𝑠)
= 9531634.955186
2608404981.7609
= 0.0036542005639 psi
 Spesifikasi Alat Heat Exchanger-02

Tube
HE-02 No. Uraian Notasi
31.614 1. Diameter luar ODt
30.748 2. Panjang tube L
4 3. Jumlah tube Nt
23.623 4. BWG
1 5. Pitch Pt
Solar 6. Jarak antar tube
7. Jumlah passes n
8. Jenis fluida

Data Hasil Pengamatan Heat Exchanger-02

TUBE (CRUDE OIL)

Densitas (ρ) Kapasitas/Hari Suhu Masuk t1
Tanggal
15 oC, kg/m3 (L/D) (oF)
842 4/6/2023 310,803 104
840.2 4/7/2023 310,948 109.4
837.7 4/10/2023 260,428 96.8
837.7 4/11/2023 260,428 122
853.7 4/12/2023 277,995 98.6
842.26 Rata-Rata 284,120 106.16

Perhitungan Heat Exchanger-02

- Hot Fluid - Shell

1.

0.84226 Kg/L x 2.205 lb/kg

1 hari
24 jam

2.
 3.

4.
= 194.36 ˚F

˚F

Tube (crude oil) ∆T

118.68 ˚F ∆th = T1 - t2 = 93.32 ˚F
106.16 ˚F ∆tc = T2 - t1 = 70.56 ˚F
 13.0536

4.6324

- Hot Fluid - Shell

8.
 in x 23.623 in
1.25 in

10

- 7 μ

cP
lb/ft.jam
𝑙𝑏/
(𝑗𝑎𝑚.𝑓𝑡2
)

11

12

lb/ft.jam )^1/3

13

Btu/ ft2.hr(˚F/ft) x 8.8946665628

ft

14

x 66.4612
 15

- 7 μ

cP
lb/ft.jam

16
- Hot Fluid - Shell

21

22
23

24
Tube
Satuan HE-02
inchi 1
ft 10
buah 400
14
inchi 1.25
inchi 0.25
1
Crude oil

(CRUDE OIL)
Densitas (ρ)
Suhu Keluar t2 (oF)
15 oC, kg/m3
125.6 838.4
131 838.4
114.8 830.6
100 830.6
122 831.8
118.68 833.96

Crude Oil - Cold Fluid - Tube

Suhu masuk t1 = 106.16 ˚F
Suhu Keluar t2 = 118.68 ˚F

Menentukan Mass Flow (w)

Flow rate = 284,120 L/hari
Mass Flow = 284,120 L/hari x 0.83396
= 522463.832569 lb x 1
hari 24
= 21769.326357 lb/jam

SG crude oil
 SG crude oil = ρ crude oil
ρ air
= 833.96 kg/m3
997 kg/m3
= 0.8365

˚API
˚API = 141.5
-131.5
SG 60/60 ˚F
= 141.5
-131.5
0.8365
= 37.6634

Menentukan Heat Balance

t avg = t1+t2 = 224.84 =
2 2
Cp = 0.478 Btu/lb˚F (Kern,fig 4)
∆t = t2-t1 = 12.52 ˚F
Qt = w x Cp x ∆t
= 130279.839743 Btu/jam
 Crude Oil - Cold Fluid - Tube

Menghitung Flow Area

Diketahui :
Jumlah tube (Nt) = 400 buah
Jumlah pass (n) = 1
OD = 1 inchi
BWG = 14
a't = 0.546 in2 (Kern, Table 10)
 (𝑁𝑡 ×𝑎^′ 𝑡)/(144
𝑎_(𝑡
×𝑛)
=)

= 400 x 0.546 in2

144 x 1
= 1.51666666667 ft2

Menghitung Mass velocity

Gt = w
at
= 21769.326357 lb/jam
1.51666666667 ft2
= 14353.4019936 𝑙𝑏/
(𝑗𝑎𝑚.𝑓𝑡2
)

Menghitung Reynold number (Ret)

Diketahui :
OD = 1 inchi
BWG = 14
D= 0.834 inchi (Kern, Table 10)
= 0.0695 ft
tc = 123.3124 ˚F
˚API = 37.6633891314
Berdasarkan Buku Kern Fig. 14 Viskositas of petroleum, diperoleh :
35 ˚API → x= 10
y= 20
μ= 3

42 ˚API → x= 11.6
y= 16
μ= 1.25
untuk mencari μ pada ˚API = 36,731 didapatkan dengan cara interpolasi
42 - 36,731 = 1,25 - μ
42 - 35 1,25 - 3
4.33661086863 = 1,25 - μ
7 -1.75
-7.5890690201 = 8.75 -
7μ = 16.33906902
μ = 2.334152717 cP
μ = 5.648649576 lb/ft.jam

Ret = D x Gt
 μ
= 0.0695 ft x 14353.40199 𝑙𝑏/
(𝑗𝑎𝑚.𝑓𝑡2
)

5.64864957551921 lb/ft.jam
= 176.601756795

Factor for heat transfer

L= 10 ft
D= 0.0695 ft
L/D = 143.884892086 ft
Ret = 176.601756795
Didapatkan jH = 1.75 (Kern, Fig 24)

Bilangan Prandtl
tc = 123.3124 ˚F
˚API = 37.6633891314
c= 0.485 Btu/lb ˚F (Kern, Fig 4)
K= 0.078 Btu/ ft2.hr(˚F/ft) (Kern, Fig 1)
μ = 5.64864957552 lb/ft.jam

[(𝑐×𝜇)/𝐾]^(1/3)
Pr =

= ( 0,485 Btu/lb ˚F x 5.648649576 lb/ft.jam )^1/3

0.078 Btu/ ft2.hr(˚F/ft)
= 11.7076711287

Koefisien perpindahan panas fluida (hi)

hi𝐽𝐻×𝐾/𝐷×
= [(𝑐 ×𝜇𝑡)/𝐾]^(1/3)×
∅_𝑡

ℎ𝑖/ 𝐽𝐻×𝐾/𝐷×
= [(𝑐 ×𝜇𝑡)/𝐾]^(1/3)
∅_𝑡

ℎ𝑖/
∅_𝑡 = 1.75 x 0.078 Btu/ ft2.hr(˚F/ft)
0.0695 ft
= 22.9942030083 Btu/ft2.hr ˚F

Menghitung 𝒉𝒊𝒐/
∅_𝒕
ID = 0.834 inchi
OD = 1 inchi

ℎ𝑖𝑜/∅_𝑡 = ℎ𝑖/(∅𝑡) 𝑥
𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷
 ℎ𝑖𝑜/∅_𝑡 = ℎ𝑖/(∅𝑡) 𝑥
𝐼𝐷/𝑂𝐷
= 22.9942030083 Btu/ft2.hr ˚F x 0.834
= 19.1771653089 Btu/ft2.hr ˚F

Menghitung ∅t
Tw = 175.421926209 ˚F
˚API = 37.6633891314

Berdasarkan Buku Kern Fig. 14 Viskositas of petroleum, diperoleh :

35 ˚API → x= 10
y= 20
μ= 2

42 ˚API → x= 11.6
y= 16
μ= 0.9
untuk mencari μ pada ˚API = 36,731 didapatkan dengan cara interpolasi
42 - 36,731 = 0,9 - μ
42 - 35 0,9 - 2
4.33661086863 = 0,9 - μ
7 -1.1
-4.77027195549 = 6.3 -
7μ = 11.07027196
μ = 1.581467422 cP
μ = 3.827151162 lb/ft.jam

∅𝑡=
[𝜇/𝜇_𝑤 ]^0,14

= 1.0560139673542

Menghitung hi terkoreksi
hio = ℎ𝑖𝑜/∅_𝑡 x
∅_𝑡

= 19.1771653089 x 1.056013967
= 20.2513544204 Btu/ft2.hr ˚F
 Crude Oil - Cold Fluid - Tube

Menghitung Factor friksi (f)

Ret = 176.601756795
f= 0.0058 ft2/in2 (Kern,Fig 29)
SG = 0.83646940822
L= 10 ft
n= 1

Menghitung Pressure drop (∆Pt)

(∆Pt)
(𝑓.=〖 (𝐺𝑡) 〗 ^2.
𝐿.𝑛)/(5,22.10^10.𝐷.𝑆𝐺.∅𝑡)
 (𝑓. 〖 (𝐺𝑡) 〗 ^2.
𝐿.𝑛)/(5,22.10^10.𝐷.𝑆𝐺.∅𝑡)
= 11949168.6299
38455306611.8
= 0.00031072873 psi

Menghitung ∆Pr
Gt = 14353.4019936 lb/jam ft2
ρt = 833.96 kg/m3
= 52.039104 lb/ft3
g= 32.2 lbm ft/lbf s2
v= Gt
ρt
= 14353.4019936 x 1 jam
52.039104 3600 s
= 0.07661654031 ft/s

∆Pr = 4n x v2
SG x 2g
= 4 x 0.005870094
0.83646940822 x 64.4
= 0.0004358822 psi

Menghitung tekanan total (∆Ptotal)

∆Ptotal = ∆Pt + ∆Pr
= 0.00031072873 + 0.000435882
= 0.00074661093 psi
Kg/L x 2.205 lb/kg
hari
jam
112.42 ˚F
7 μ
x 11.70767
7 μ
1. Mencari Cp solar dan crude oil
Keterangan : crude oil = garis

2. Mencari FT
3. Mencari Kc dan Fc

4. Mencari De dan mencari JH (pada shell)

5. Mencari Viskositas (𝜇)

6. Mencari c
7. Mencari K

8. Mencari a't dan D

9. Mencari jH (pada tube)
10. Mencari Viskositas (𝜇)

11. Mencari f
Keterangan : crude oil = garis biru
solar = garis orange
shell tube
shell tube