HVAC INTERVIEW QUESTIONS AND

ANSWERS
Q1) What is the Unit of Heat?(1M)
ANS) Units: BTU (British Thermal Units)
1BTU: It is the amount of energy required to raise 1 Degree
Fahrenheit
temperature of 1 Pound of water
(OR)
It is the amount of heat when added to 1 Pound of water
increases the temperature of water to 1 Degree Fahrenheit
1 Lb = 0.45 Kgs (or) 1kg = 2.2 Lbs.
Types of Heat:Sensible Heat: It can be sensed or measured by an ordinary dry
bulb thermometer.
Eg: Human body temperature can be measured using thermometer
Latent Heat: It cant be sensed or measured by an ordinary dry
bulb thermometer. It is a hidden heat. Latent heat
is
absorbed or released when ever there is a change
in
phase.
Eg: When the water becomes vapor and vice versa

Q2) What is TON & 1 TON = ?(2M)

ANS) TON or Ton of refrigeration: It is the amount of energy required to Freeze 1 pound of water i
It is the amount of energy required to Melt 1 Ton of Ice in 24 Hours
Q3) Volume Of Air is measured in?(2M)

ANS) Volume of air is measured in terms of:

CFM = Cubic Feet per Minute
CMH = Cubic Meter per Hour
M3/Sec = Cubic Meter per Second
L/Sec = Liters per second
CMH = 1.7 x CFM
CFM = 2118 x m3/sec
CFM = 2.119 x l/sec
Q4) Whai is ASHRAE?(1M)
ANS) ASHRAE: American Society of Heating Refrigeration and Air
Conditioning Engineers
Q5) What is the Room Temperature that you maintain in any room?

(1M)
ANS) 24 Degree Celcius or 76 Degree Fahreinheit
Q6) How much Fresh Air do you provide in a Bedroom?(2M)

ANS) Fresh Air:

According to ASHRAE 2004 62.1 Ventilation Standards
5 CFM/PERSON + AREA x 0.06 CFM/SQ FT
1. CFM/PERSON x PEOPLE
2. CFM/SQ FT x AREA
No. Of People = 2
CFM per Person = 5
Area = 200 SQ FT (Example)
CFM per Sq. Ft = 0.06
Therefore 5 x 2 = 10CFM
0.06 x 200 = 12 CFM
Therefore Total Fresh Air CFM = 10 + 12
= 22CFM
Q7) What are the Air Terminal Devices?(1M)
ANS) DIFFUSERS, GRILLS, LINEAR SLOT DIFFUSERS, LOUVERS Etc..

Q8) How do you design the sizes of Air Terminal Devices?(1M)

ANS) Two parameters are Required: 1. Air Quantity CFM and 2. Air Velocity FPM. The Following For
terminal Devices can be designed
Q9) How much Noise Criteria do you maintain in BETA for Linear Bar
Grill & units?(2M)
ANS) 35 Decibels
Q10) What is Single Skin & Double Skin Hoods?(2M)
ANS) Single Skin: Has only the Exhaust System. Double Skin: Has both Exhaust
and Fresh Air System

Q11) Calculate Hood Size,Exhaust Air CFM,Exhaust Air Duct Size, Fresh Air CFM & Fresh Air
Duct Size(25M)?
ANS) EXAMPLE PROBLEM ON KITCHEN VENTILATION SYSTEM:Q) Length of the stove = 750mm
Width of the stove = 500mm
Height between stove and Hood = 800mm
Find (a):Hood Size (b): Exhaust Air CFM
(c): Exhaust Air Duct Size (d): Fresh Air CFM
(e): Fresh Air Duct Size
For a wall Type hood and medium cooking?
Solution:- (a): Hood Size:
L = l + 0.8H
= 0.75 + 0.8(0.8)
= 1.39M
M x 3.28 = FT
1.39 x 3.28 = 4.55FT
W = w + 0.8H
= 0.5 + 0.8(0.8)
= 1.14M
M x 3.28 = FT
1.14 x 3.28 = 3.73FT
Therefore Hood Size: L = 4.55Ft and W = 3.73Ft
(b):- Exhaust Air CFM:
CFM = P x 150
Where P = 2L + W for wall type of Hood
Therefore P = 2(4.55) + 3.73
= 12.83
Exhaust Air CFM = P x 150
= 12.83 x 150
= 1925CFM
(c): Exhaust Air Duct Size: Q = A x V
1925 = A x 1800
A = 1925/1800
= 1.06 Sq.Ft (Area of the Duct)
Sqft x 0.093 = Sq.M
1.06 x 0.093 = 0.098Sq.M
(1):- Round Duct: Area = Pi x D2/4
0.098 = 3.14 x D2/4
Therefore Diameter D = Under Root of (0.098 x 4)/3.14
= 0.35M
= 350mm
(2):- Square Duct: Area = 0.098
Therefore Under Root of Area = Under Root of 0.098

= 0.30M
= 300mm
Hence the Width and Height of Square duct is 300 x 300mm
(3):- Rectangular Duct: Area = W x H
0.098 = W x 0.3
W = 0.098/0.3
= 0.32M
~ 350mm
Hence the Width and Height of Rectangular duct is 350 x 300mm
(d): Fresh Air CFM = Exhaust Air CFM x 0.8
= 1925 x 0.8
= 1540CFM
(e): Fresh Air Duct Size: Q = A x V
1540 = A x 1800
A = 1540/1800
= 0.855 Sq.Ft (Area of the Duct)
Sqft x 0.093 = Sq.M
0.855 x 0.093 = 0.08Sq.M
(1):- Round Duct: Area = Pi x D2/4
0.08 = 3.14 x D2/4
Therefore Diameter D = Under Root of (0.08 x 4)/3.14
= 0.319M
= 350mm
(2):- Square Duct: Area = 0.08
Therefore Under Root of Area = Under Root of 0.08
= 0.28M
= 300mm
Hence the Width and Height of Square duct is 300 x 300mm
(3):- Rectangular Duct: Area = W x H
0.08 = W x 0.25
W = 0.08/0.25
= 0.32M
~ 350mm
Hence the Width and Height of Rectangular duct is 350 x 300mm
Q12) How do you calculate CFM for Toilets?(2M)
ANS) CFM = M3 x A.C.H/ 1.7
Q13) To select a fan in Commercial Toilets, what are the things that
are required?(2M)
ANS) 1) Volume of Air and 2) Static Pressure
Q14) Difference between Axial and Centrifugal Fans
ANS) Axial Fan: Has the Parallel Movement of Air. Centrifugal Fan: Has the Perpendicular
Movement of Air
Q15) Explain Vapour Compression Cycle?

ANS) Cooling take place when liquid evaporates to become

gas.
COMPRESSOR: Most refrigerant gases can be made into the liquid
form by raising its pressure (and cooling it, which I handled by the
condenser).
CONDENSER: During compression the refrigerant becomes hot
because of two reason: (a) work done on it. (b) Refrigerant is
converted from gas to liquid releasing its latent heat.
This heat has to be removed to enable the gas to condense into a
liquid easily.
EVAPORATOR: The liquid refrigerant from the condenser is injected
through capillary (or) expansion valve into the cooling coil which has
a bundle of tubes.
Inside the cooling coil pressure is low because of throttling device
on one side & the compressor suction on the other side. In the low
pressure, the liquid refrigerant tarts evaporating rapidly by soaking
surrounding sensible heat & this is what causes the cooling.
Q16) What is COP and EER?
ANS) COP: Coefficient of Performance. EER: Energy Efficiency Ratio

Q17) What is Partition, Ventilation & Infiltration?

ANS) Partition: It is common wall between Conditioned and Unconditioned Space.
Ventilation: It is the Fresh Air Provided from Outside to Improve Indoor Air Quality
Infiltration: It is the Unwanted Air coming from Outside through Window Cracks and Door Opening
Q18) How to you Design a Duct?
ANS) There are Three Standard Methods to Design a Duct
Friction Method
Reduction Method
Method
Q19) Design a Duct using Equal Friction Method
ANS) Find out the CFM and Maintain the Constant Friction Throughout the Ducting to follow
Equal Friction Method
Q20) What should be the HWS & HWR Temperatures in a Cooling
Tower?
ANS) HWS = 106 & HWR = 98 Degree fahreinHeit based on the
Ambient Conditions
Q21) What should be the CWS & CWR in any Chiller?
ANS) CWS = 45 & CWR = 55 Degree FahreinHeit as per the Standards
Q22) What is VAV & CAV
ANS) VAV: Variable Air Volume & CAV: Constant Air Volume

Q23) What are the things we have in Indoor unit & Outdoor Unit
ANS) Indoor Unit: Evaporator Coils and Blower Fan
OutDoor Unit: Compressor, Condensor, Expansion Valve and Axial Fan
Q24) Which units consume power
ANS) COMPRESSOR, AXIAL FAN & BLOWER FAN
Q25) What is the advantage if I use VAC instead of VCC?
ANS) Power Consumption on the daily basis will be lowered down
Q26) What are the ASHRAE Recommendations for Pipe Designing?
ANS) Maximum Velocity is 4 FPS & Maximum Head Loss is 4 FT/100FT
Q27) Formula for GPM
ANS) GPM = Ton x 12000/ 500 x Delta T

Q28) Decoupler Sizing: How do you size a Decoupler?

ANS) Decoupler Sizing: Minimum Length of the Decoupler should be 3 times the diameter of the p
FT/100FT as per ASHRAE

Q29) Where do we use "U" trap? Why do we use "U" trap?

ANS) U Traps are used in almost all Air Conditioning Systems like Split Ac's, Casette AC's, Fcu's, A
purpose of the U Trap is to avoid the Bad Odour or Bad Smell Through the Air Conditioning units
Q30) Types of false ceiling with section view.
ANS) 1) Plain or Flat False Ceiling 2) Step False Ceiling 3) Tiles False
Ceiling

Q31) If a Bed room of Area 10 x 15 then what will be the capacity of

AC in that room?
ANS) 10Ft = 3M and 15Ft = 4.5M. Therefore L x W = 3M x 4.5M = 13.5 M2.
the Thumb Rule AREA x 0.07 = Ton. 13.5 x 0.07 = 0.945 Ton ~ 1 Ton and As per Thumb rule 1 Ton
Q32) What is Qs & QL. Explain?
ANS) Qs is the Sensible Heat and QL is the Latent Heat
Formula: Qs = 1.1 x CFM x Delta T & QL = 0.68 x CFM x Delta W

Q33) Name the types of insulation used for ducting & why do we use
insulation.
ANS) Fibre Glass Insulation, Rubber Insulation and Canvas Type Insulation.
Insulation for the ducts is used to protect the Duct from the Outside Conditions so that the Outsid
Q34) Name the different types of material used for duct fabrication.
ANS) GI Duct, Aluminium Sheet Metal, Fibre Glass Duct, Thick Black Mild Steel, Galvanized
Steel Sheet & PUF

Q35) What are the different gauges of duct.

ANS) 16,18,20,22,24 & 26 with the Thickness 1.8, 1.2, 0.9, 0.7, 0.6 &
0.5mm