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GII THIU CHUNG

1.1.Gii thiu chung v cng trnh:
- Trong giai on pht trin hin nay ca t nc, nhu cu v pht trin
v xy dng c s h tng phc v s tng trng nhanh chng v vng
chc tr nn rt thit yu, trong xy dng v ci to mng li giao thng
vn ti l b phn rt quan trng khng th thiu. c bit l cc cng trnh
cu khc phc a hnh p ng lu thng hng ha, nhu cu i li, giao
lu vn ha, chnh tr, kinh t - XH.
- Cng trnh cu nhn nhim v thi cng c xy dng nhm ni lin
cc trung tm VH, kinh t, chnh tr hai bn b sng, to mt di lin tc cho
tuyn ng, m bo giao thng tin li v nhanh chng.
1.2.c im v v tr xy dng cu, n v thi cng:
1.2.1.a cht thy vn :
- Qua qu trnh kho st v thit k cho thy ti v tr xy dng cu c cc
lp a cht nh sau :
+ Lp1: ct bn
+ Lp2: st do
+ Lp3: st na cng
+ lp 4: st cng.
+ lp 5: granit
Cc tnh cht c l ca cc lp t c ly theo kt qu th nghim mu.
Qua qu trnh iu tra thu thp s liu c cc s liu v thy vn nh sau.
+MNCN : +2.25 m
+MNTN : +0.002m
Gi s vo thi im thi cng tr MNTC chnh bng MNTN l +0.002m .
- Mc nc ngm nm st vi mt t thi cng v tng i n nh t nh
hung n qu trnh thi cng.

pg. 1

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- Qua kt qu phn tch mu th, nc y c hm lng mui ha tan

rt t, pH=7 (trung tnh). Trong ma thi cng hm lng tp cht khng
ng k. Do c th s dng nc y phc v qu trnh thi cng cng
nh sinh hot ca cng nhn.
1.2.2.iu kin kh hu :
- Khu vc xy dng cng trnh cu thuc vng kh hu nhit i.
- Ma h c nng to, thnh thong c ma ro, nhit trung bnh vo ma
ny khong 32-360C. Cc thng in hnh cho ma h l t thng 4 n thng
8.
- Ma ma m t, ma ko di, mc nc dng cao, khng thun li cho
vic thi cng, nhit thp nht vo ma ny c lc xung ti 180C.
1.2.3.Tnh hnh dn c kinh t x hi:
- Dn c tp trung sinh sng hai bn b sng ngy cng ng do vn
lu thng, giao lu bun bn gia hai bn b sng l cn thit.
- Kinh t : dn sinh sng ch yu l sn xut nng nghip v tiu th cng
nghip, thu nhp bnh qun trn u ngi l tng i. Hin nay, chnh ph
ang c d n v vic xy dng cc nh my, x nghip ti khu vc ny nn
vic xy dng cu lu thng trong khu vc l rt cn thit v cp bch.
- Ngi dn nhn thc c tm quan trng ca vic xy dng cu nn rt
ng h, to mi iu kin tt nht cho n v thi cng.
-Tnh hnh chnh tr x hi tng i n nh m bo an ninh trt t trong
khu vc xy dng cu.
1.3.iu kin thi cng:
1.3.1.Vt liu xy dng :
- Vt liu : vt liu c khai thc ti m gn khu vc xy dng cu .
c vn chuyn n v tr thi cng bng ng b mt cch thun tin.
y m bo cng v kch c phc v tt cho vic xy dng cu.
- Vt liu ct: ct dng xy dng c khai thc gn v tr thi cng, m
bo sch, cng v s lng.

pg. 2

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- Vt liu thp: s dng cc loi thp trong nc nh thp Thi Nguyn,

hoc cc loi thp lin doanh nh thp Vit-Nht, Vit-cNgun thp c
ly ti cc i l ln cc khu vc ln cn.
- Xi mng: hin nay cc nh phn phi xi mng u c xy dng cc
tnh thnh lun p ng nhu cu phc v xy dng. V vy, vn cung cp xi
mng cho cc cng trnh xy dng rt thun li, lun m bo cht lng v
s lng m yu cu cng trnh t ra.
Nhn chung cc ngun cung cp nguyn vt liu y y , c ly vn
chuyn nh v thun li. m bo cung cp kp thi hon thnh tin thi
cng cng trnh t ra.
1.3.2. Nhn lc:
- n v thi cng c i ng cn b khoa hc vi nhiu kinh nghim tinh
thn v trch nhim cao, sn sng p ng y v kp thi khi cn.
- i ng cng nhn lnh ngh c nng lc,ngoi ra cn tuyn thm nhn
lc ti a phng vi s lng m bo tin thi cng theo thi gian qui
nh.
Ni chung ngun nhn lc y , c ng v nhit tnh vi cng vic.
1.3.3.My mc thi cng v iu kin lm vic :
- Phng tin my mc ca n v thi cng c khi lng ln, ng b v
hin i m bo p ng y cho tng khu thi cng nh thit b my thi
cng to l, cn cu, gi 3 chn, ...
- Vn cung cp in, nc sinh hot cng c n v thi cng p ng
y .
- V pha chnh quyn a phng rt mong mun cng trnh sm c
a vo s dng ng tin ra nn to mi iu kin thun li cho n v
thi cng. Nhn dn rt phn khi v c tinh thn hp tc vi n v thi cng.
H lun to mi iu kin thun li cho qu trnh thi cng, gip n v thi
cng c v vt cht ln tinh thn.
- Nhn chung vn an ninh trt t ca khu vc thi cng l n nh. Tuy
nhin v pha n v thi cng cn phi nng cao tinh thn cnh gic phng

pg. 3

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mt s phn t xu. Cn phn cng t chc cng nhn trc m trnh mi s

tht thot vt liu cng nh bo v my mc, thit b thi cng.
-Vi nhng c im nu trn cng trnh xy dng c nhng iu kin
thun li v kinh t, k thut, nhng thun li trn l rt c bn v cn thit,
bn cnh nhng thun li trn cn tn ti nhng kh khn nhng n v s
khc phc c v vy cng trnh s xy dng ng tin v m bo an
ton, v cng trnh t cht lng cao.
1.3.4.Lng tri v kho bi :
- Do thi gian thi cng kh di, nn vic t chc kho bi ln tri l rt cn
thit. Kho bi ln tri phi c xy dng ni kh ro, an ton v gn cng
trnh nhm m bo vic qun l, bo qun nguyn vt liu v my mc thi
cng ng thi to iu kin thun li cho sinh hot ca cn b cng nhn
vin
- Mt bng xy dng vi din tch rng cho thi cng , bng phng c
ng tm dnh cho lu thng trong phm vi thi cng , cng trng d dng
di chuyn my mc xe c , vt liu v nguyn vt liu bn thnh phm ..
Vi nhng c im nu trn cng trnh xy dng c nhng iu kin
thun li v kinh t, k thut, nhng thun li trn l rt c bn v cn thit,
bn cnh nhng thun li trn cn tn ti nhng kh khn nhng n v s
khc phc c v vy cng trnh s xy dng ng tin v m bo an
ton, v cng trnh t cht lng cao.
1.4.Thi gian thi cng:
- Khu vc xy dng cng trnh cu thuc vng kh hu nhit i.
- Ma h c nng to, thnh thong c ma ro, nhit trung bnh vo ma
ny khong 32-350C. V vy thi gian thi cng bt u t thng 4 n thng 8.
- Ma ma m t, ma ko di, mc nc dng cao, khng thun li cho
vic thi cng, nhit thp nht vo ma ny c lc xung ti 180C.
- V ma thi cng dng sng c vn tc dng chy khng ng k v
khng nh hng n qu trnh thi cng
1.5.Nhim v c giao:
pg. 4

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- thi cng mng m, tr , kt cu nhp

CHNG I
THIT K THI CNG M
M TRI (A)
I: S liu thit k :
- Mc nc thp nht
:+0.002 (m)
- Mc nc thng thuyn: +0.85(m)
- Mc nc cao nht
: +2.25(m)
a cht khu vc t m :
- Lp 1 : Ct bn 3(m).
- Lp 2 : St do7(m).
- Lp 3 : St na cng 8(m).
- Lp 4 : St cng 8(m)
- Lp 5 : granit
II. CC IU KIN NH HNG N THI CNG:
Nh nu mc GII THIU CHUNG
III. TRNH T THI CNG CHUNG:
III .1. xut phng n thi cng
Mng m c xy dng ni khng c nc mt, mc nc ngm
thp hn y b mng. Do khng b hn ch bi iu kin mt
bng v m bo tnh n gin d thc hin trong thi cng, ta
tin hnh thi cng mng m theo trnh t sau:
- San i mt bng, m cht nn t.
- Thi cng cc khoan nhi: cng tc khoan to l c thc
hin theo phng php khoan gu xoay, gi thnh khoan
bng dung dch Bentonite. Tuy nhin h khoan cng phi
dng mt on ng vch. on ng vch ny s c rt dn ln
trong qu trnh b tng cc.
- o t h mng bng my xc kt hp vi o th cng.
- X l u cc. b tng lt y mng.

- t vn khun, ct thp b tng b mng.

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III .2. Thit k thi cng chi tit

III .2.1. Chn thit b thi cng:
- Chn my khoan: my khoan TRC 15 c dng l t bn
trong
lng cc, cng nh khoan mi trc.

III .2.2. nh v h mng:

Cn c vo ng tim dc cu v cc cc mc u tin xc
nh trc dc v ngang ca mi mng. Cc trc ny cn phi
nh du bng cc cc c nh chc chn nm tng i xa ni
thi cng trnh va chm lm sai lch v tr. Sau ny trong qu
trnh thi cng mng cng nh xy dng cc kt cu bn trn phi
cn c vo cc cc ny kim tra theo di thng xuyn s sai
lch v tr ca mng v bin dng ca nn trong thi gian thi cng
cng nh khai thc cng trnh.
H mng c dng hnh ch nht, kch thc h mng lm
rng hn kch thc b mng thc t v mi cnh 1m lm
hnh lang phc v thi cng.

- Mc ch : Nhm m bo ng v tr , kch thc ton b

cng trnh cng nh kt cu c thc hin trong sut thi
gian thi cng.
- Ni dung:
+ Xc nh li v kim tra trn thc a cc mc cao v mc nh.
+ Cm li cc mc trn thc a nh v tim cu, ng trc ca cc
tr m v ng dn u cu.
+ Kim tra li hnh dng v kch thc cc cu kin ch to ti cng
trng.
+ nh v cc cng trnh ph tm phc v thi cng.
+ Xc nh tim tr cu bng phng php giao hi, phi c t nht 3
phng ngm t 3 mc c nh ca mng li.
- Cch xc nh tim tr:
+ 2 im A,B l 2 mc cao chun cho trc, im A cch tim tr mt
on c nh, ta tin hnh lp 2 c tuyn ABA1, ABA2.
+ Cch xc nh tim tr T1 (im C) c xc nh nh sau:
* Ti A nhn v B (theo hng tim cu) m mt gc 1 2 90 0 v 2
pha, ly 2 im A1,A2 cch im A mt on AA1=AA2.
pg. 6

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* Ti B nhn v A (theo hng tim cu) m mt gc 1 2 90 0 v 2

pha, ly 2 im B1, B2 cch im B mt on BB1=BB2
* Gi C l tim tr s 1
BC

tg = BB

* Ti A2 nhn v A quay mt gc c:
tg

AC
AA1

- t my kinh v I ti A hng theo tim cu; t my kinh v II ti A1 hng

v A, sau m mt gc . Giao 2 hng ny ti C l tim tr s 1.
- Tng t t my kinh v I ti v tr B hng theo tim cu; t my kinh v II
ti B2 hng v B, sau m mt gc . Giao 2 hng ny ti C l tim tr
s 1.
- Kim tra li v tr C bng cch t my kinh v s II ti
A2 v hng my v A ri m 1 gc v t my ti B2 hng
v B ri m 1 gc . Giao hai hng ca my I v my II ta c
v tr ca tim tr s 1 . Cng tc nh v tim tr nhm m
bo ng v tr v kch thc ca tr cn thi cng uc thc
hin trong sut qu trnh thi cng .
III .2.3. Lp t ng ray di chuyn gi khoan:
Do thi gian quay chuyn gi khoan chim kh nhiu thi
gian, v vy phi b tr ray trn nh sao cho c ly di chuyn
gi khoan ngn nht v thi gian chi ph cho cng tc ny l nh
nht.
T s b tr cc trong mng ta s tin hnh b tr mt
ng ray vi tim cu. Yu cu k thut ca ng ray phi m
bo gi khoan lun lun t th chnh xc v vng chc khi thi
cng, ng thi khng cho php khoan ln d l ln u.
tho mn c yu cu , trc khi t t vt phi tin
hnh san phng m cht nn t v tr t ray. Sau t
cc t vt g vi khong cch cc mp t vt l 0,3m. Tip theo
t ray ln t vt v c nh chc chn.

III .2.4. Cng tc thi cng cc khoan nhi:

III .2.4.1. Cng tc khoan to l:
pg. 7

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- Xc nh v tr tim cc bng my kinh v.

- Dung h ng chng. Cao y ng chng c h su qua lp
cui cht va. Cao nh ng chng cao hn nn ng ca
my khoan 1m.
- Dng loi my khoan TRC 15 khoan to l. Phng php khoan
theo kiu tun hon ngc, mn khoan trong va st lun c ht ra
ngoi bng my bm YOKOTA UPS-80-1520N lu lng 300 m3/h. Khi
u khoan su khong 20 m, tng hiu qu ht bn cn
dng h thng ht bn hi p 20 m3/pht. m bo n nh
vch khoan, cn lun bm b va st vo lng cc, khng ch gi
cho mc va st cao hn mt sn thi cng khong 2m trong sut
thi gian thi cng cho n khi b tng cc, k c lc ngng
khoan mc va st b tt.
- Thi ra l khoan: Vic lm v sinh y v thnh l khoan trc
khi c cc l mt cng vic rt quan trng. Nu khng vt b lp
mt khoan, t v dung dch va st lng ng s to ra mt
lp m yu di chn cc, khi chu lc cc s b ln. Mt khc b
tng nu khng n ht c ct lng s to ra nhng mn
t lm gim sc chu ti cu cc. V vy khi khoan xong cng
nh trc khi b tng phi thi ra sch l khoan.
Cng vic thi ra l khoan c tin hnh nh sau:
Trc khi b tng cn phi y ra ngoi tt c nhng ht
mn cn li trng thi l lng bng ng ht dng kh nn. Ming
ng phun kh nn t su di mt nc t nht l 10m v cch
ming ng ht bn t nht l 2 m v pha trn. Ming ng ht bn
c di chuyn lin tc di y l lm v sinh.
- Kim tra hiu qu x l cn lng:
+ Sau khi kt thc c lm l cc o ngang su l cc.
Sau khi thi ra l khoan xong li o su l cc t so
snh xc nhn hiu qu ca vic x l cn lng.
+ C th dng my o cn lng bng chnh lch in tr.

III .2.4.2. Gia cng v lp h lng thp:

- Lng thp bao gm:
+ Ct ch c g, ng knh 2,5mm t cch nhau 10cm

pg. 8

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+ Ct ai dng thp trn trn ng knh 12mm un thnh

vng trn t cch nhau 12cm
+ Thp nh v ng knh 25mm thay th ct ai mt
s v tr, t cnh nhau 3m, hn chc chn v vung gc
vi ct ch.
+ Ti nh v bng thp trn ng knh 25mm c hn
nh hai u vi ct ch. Ti nh v c b tr bn pha
ti cc v tr c thp nh v.
+ Mc treo.
- Lng thp c ch to thnh tng on di 8m trn gi nm
ngang theo trnh t sau:
+ Lp thp nh v vo vng rnh trn cc tm c.
+ Lp ct ch vo cc khc trn cc tm c.
+ Chong v buc ct ai.
+ Hn thp nh v vo ct ch.
+ Hn ti nh v v mc treo.
- Vic lp h lng ct thp vo h khoan c thc hin bng cn
cu theo trnh t sau:
+ Lp h mt on lng thp vo trong l khoan v treo vo
ming ng chng nh cc thanh ngng t di vng thp
nh v v k trn ming ng vch. Tim lng thp phi trng
vi tim cc.
+ Cu lp on lng khc, dng dy thp to buc cht mi
ni 2 u ct ch bng mi ni chng.
+ Cu c hai on lng ni, tho tm thanh ngng, h lng
thp nh nhng v ng tim cc.
+ Tip tc lp cc on lng thp tip theo.
+ Kim tra lng thp sau khi h ti v tr.

III .2.4.3. BT cc khoan nhi:

- Thi gian gin on t khi thi ra l khoan xong n khi
BT khng qu 2h.
- BT cc khoan nhi phi m bo cc ch tiu k thut theo
ng thit k.

pg. 9

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- Phng php BT cc khoan nhi l BT trong nc. ng dn

dng BT l ng thp ng knh 200mm c ghp ni t
cc on ng di 3m.
- Trong qu trnh BT, y ng BT phi m bo lun
cm su trong BT khng nh hn 2m v khng ln hn 5m.
- Tc cung cp BT phu cng phi gi iu ph hp vi
vn tc di chuyn ca ng.

III .2.5. Cng tc o t h mng:

Sau khi thi cng xong ton b cc trong mng, tin hnh
o t h mng. m bo tin thi cng nhanh, gim sc
lao ng, ng thi khng nh hng n cc khoan trong h
mng ta tin hnh cho xc o t phn trn nh cc ti
su 2m so vi mt sn thi cng. Phn cn li s tin hnh o
bng th cng.
t o t h mng s c cch xa h mng trnh
gy p lc lm st l h mng ng thi khng gy cn tr mt
bng cng trng xy dng m.

III .2.6. b tng b cc:

I. Cc bc tin hnh:
- Sau khi btng cc khoan nhi xong th tin hnh o h
mng n cao -1.3m . Ri lp va m dy 10 cm , p u
cc , ung ct thp u cc , lm sch h mng .
My bm b tng
My bm

+1.19

12 cc khoan nhi D= 1m

-28.4

pg. 10

+1.19

L p va m dy 10cm

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Ta dng nhn cng lp dng vn khun, sau khi vn khun lp dng

xong cn kim tra li cc sai lch v kch thc, xc nh li v tr tim tr, kch
thc h mng, sau tin hnh lp thit b b tng.
Trc ht ta phi gia cng ct thp, ct thp c hn thnh li ti
cng xng v c vn chuyn n lp dng .
Ch nn t ct thp sau khi kim tra v nghim thu ct pha theo
nhng yu cu sau:
m bo chiu dy lp bo v ct thp, buc cc ming k gia ct pha
v ct thp
t cc loi ct thp thi cng trong c ct thp ch.
Tin hnh b tng.
1. Chn my m btng:
Ta dng loi m di, c cc thng s k thut sau:
+ Tn s chn ng khong 2840 ln/pht .
+ Thi gian m 1 ch t 15 (s) .
+ Bn knh tc dng: R = 0,7 (m).
2. Chn my trn btng:
Cng tc thi cng tr 3 c chia lm 3 giai on:
+ Thi cng i cc.
+ Thi cng thn tr.
+ Thi cng x m v tng.
- Khi lng b tng i cc : V = 10.2,8.2 = 56 (m3) .
Lng b tng ny c trn bng my trn t do loi qu l v c vo
b mng bng nhn cng kt hp vi xe ra.
- Chn my trn b tng loi qu l ( loi trng lc ) - M hiu my SB
- 10V.
+ C dung tch hnh hc ca thng trn 1200 (lt)
+ Dung tch xut liu V = 800 (lt).
- My c cc thng s k thut sau:
+ Nquay thng = 17 vng/pht .
pg. 11

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+ Cng sut ng c: 13 KW.

+ Kch thc gii hn: Di 3,37 (m), Rng: 2,67 (m), Cao : 2,525 (m).
+Nng sut my trn c tnh theo cng thc:
N = Vsx.Kxl.Nck.Ktg
Trong :
Vsx: Dung tch sn xut thng trn, Vsx = 0,8 (m3).
Ktg = 0,8: H s s dng thi gian.
Kxl = 0,7: H s xut liu ca my.
Nck: S m trn trong 1 gi, c tnh theo cng thc: Nck =

3600
Tck

Tck = T vo + Ttrn + T ra
Trong :
T vo = 20 (s)
T ra = 20 (s)
Ttrn = 150 (s)
=> Tck = 20 + 150 +20 = 190 (s)
=> Nck =

3600
190

= 18,95 ( vng/pht )

Suy ra nng sut ca my trn l:

N = 0,8.0,8.18,95.0,7 = 8,49 (m3/h) .
Khi lng btng ca b tr: V = 56 (m3)
Ta d tnh btng trong 1 ca.
Vi nng sut my chn th trong 1 ca khi lng b tng dc
l:
V = 8,49.7 = 59,43 (m3/ca)
3. K thut btng:
-Tin hnh b tng thnh nhiu lp
- B dy mi lp b tng dy 30(cm)
- b tng theo dy chuyn nghing mt gc = 250.
pg. 12

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- b tng n u, tin hnh m nn bng m di n .

Trong qu trnh cn ch :
-Khng lm sai lch v tr ct thp
-Khng dng m di dch chuyn ngang b tng
-B tng phi c lin tc cho n khi hon thnh,trnh hin tng
phn tng

IV. Hon thin thn,m m

-Tho d vn khun v gio.
-p t xung quanh m

CHNG II
THIT K T CHC THI CNG TR CU
1. Thi cng mng tr
1.1. Cc thng s k thut ca mng tr cu:
- Mng tr cu l loi mng cc khoan nhi gm 12cc , ng knh 1,5m, chiu di cc 36 m (k t y b).
- Kch thc b cc:
+ Theo phng dc cu: 11.25m
+ Theo phng ngang cu: 18.4m
pg. 13

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+ Chiu dy b: 3m
- Mt trn b cc t cao -2.82 m tc l thp hn
mc nc thp nht -2.822m.
- a cht v tr xy dng tr cu gm 5 lp t loi ct bn,
st do, st na cng , st cng , granit vi chiu dy v cc
ch tiu c l khc nhau.

1.2. xut phng n thi cng:

Cao mc nc thi cng d kin l: 0.002 m
Nh vy mng tr s phi xy dng trong iu kin nc mt
kh ln (H=5.922). B cc c t v tr thp hn mt
t t nhin do bin php thi cng ch o s c trin
khai nh sau:
- Thi cng vng vy cc vn thp.
- Thi cng o ct
- Thi cng cc khoan nhi. Cng tc khoan to l c thc
hin theo phng php khoan tun hon nghch, gi thnh
h khoan bng dung dch bentonite. Tuy nhin h khoan vn
phi dng mt on ng vch di 9m. on ng vch ny s c rt dn ln trong qu trnh b tng cc.
- Thi cng b cc: o b ct, thi cng lp b tng bt y.
Sau lp dng vn khun ct thp, b tng b cc.

1.3. Thit k thi cng chi tit:

1.3.1. nh v mng tr:
Cn c vo ng tim dc cu v cc cc mc u tin xc
nh trc dc v ngang ca mi mng. Cc trc ny cn phi
nh du bng cc cc c nh chc chn nm tng i xa ni
thi cng trnh va chm lm sai lch v tr. Sau ny trong qu
trnh thi cng mng cng nh xy dng cc kt cu bn trn phi
cn c vo cc cc ny kim tra theo di thng xuyn s sai
lch v tr ca mng v bin dng ca nn trong thi gian thi cng
cng nh khai thc cng trnh.
H mng c dng hnh ch nht, kch thc h mng lm
rng hn kch thc b mng thc t v mi cnh 1m lm
hnh lang phc v thi cng.

pg. 14

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

- Mc ch : Nhm m bo ng v tr , kch thc ton b

cng trnh cng nh kt cu c thc hin trong sut thi
gian thi cng.
- Ni dung:
+ Xc nh li v kim tra trn thc a cc mc cao v mc nh.
+ Cm li cc mc trn thc a nh v tim cu, ng trc ca cc
tr m v ng dn u cu.
+ Kim tra li hnh dng v kch thc cc cu kin ch to ti cng
trng.
+ nh v cc cng trnh ph tm phc v thi cng.
+ Xc nh tim tr cu bng phng php giao hi, phi c t nht 3
phng ngm t 3 mc c nh ca mng li.
- Cch xc nh tim tr:
+ 2 im A,B l 2 mc cao chun cho trc, im A cch tim tr mt
on c nh, ta tin hnh lp 2 c tuyn ABA1, ABA2.
+ Cch xc nh tim tr T1 (im C) c xc nh nh sau:
* Ti A nhn v B (theo hng tim cu) m mt gc 1 2 90 0 v 2
pha, ly 2 im A1,A2 cch im A mt on AA1=AA2.
* Ti B nhn v A (theo hng tim cu) m mt gc 1 2 90 0 v 2
pha, ly 2 im B1, B2 cch im B mt on BB1=BB2
* Gi C l tim tr s 1
BC

tg = BB

* Ti A2 nhn v A quay mt gc c:
tg

AC
AA1

- t my kinh v I ti A hng theo tim cu; t my kinh v II ti A1 hng

v A, sau m mt gc . Giao 2 hng ny ti C l tim tr s 1.
- Tng t t my kinh v I ti v tr B hng theo tim cu; t my kinh v II
ti B2 hng v B, sau m mt gc . Giao 2 hng ny ti C l tim tr
s 1.
- Kim tra li v tr C bng cch t my kinh v s II ti
A2 v hng my v A ri m 1 gc v t my ti B2 hng
v B ri m 1 gc . Giao hai hng ca my I v my II ta c
pg. 15

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

v tr ca tim tr s 1 . Cng tc nh v tim tr nhm m

bo ng v tr v kch thc ca tr cn thi cng uc thc
hin trong sut qu trnh thi cng .
1.3.3. Thi cng vng vy cc ng thp:
- ng cc cc nh v: Cc nh v dng loi cc thp I 350
v tr cc nh v xc nh bng my kinh v.
- Dng cc kt cu thp I 350 lin kt vi cc nh v to
thnh khung nh hng phc v cho cng tc h cc vn thp.
- Tt c cc cc nh v v cc vn thp u c h bng
ba rung treo trn cn cu ng trn o p.
- m bo cho iu kin hp long vng vy cc vn c
d dng ng thi tng cng cho cc vn, ngay t u nn
ghp cc vn theo tng nhm h. Trc khi h cc vn thp phi
kim tra khuyt tt ca cc vn cng nh phng, ng
u ca khp mng bng cch lun th vo khp mng mt on
cc vn chun di khong 1,5-2m. x v ng cc vn c d
dng, khp mng ca cc vn phi c bi trn bng du m. Pha
khp mng t do (pha trc ) phi bt chn li bng mt ming
thp cho b nhi t vo rnh mng khi x v ng cc
vn sau c d dng.
- Trong qu trinh thi cng phi lun ch theo di tnh hnh
h cc vn, nu nghng lch ra khi mt phng ca tng vy c
th dng ti chnh li v tr. Trng hp nghing lch trong mt
phng ca tng cc vn th thng iu chnh bng kch vi dy
no, nu khng t hiu qu phi ng nhng cc vn hnh trn
c ch to c bit theo s liu o c c th khp kn
vng vy.

* Tnh ton chiu su ng cc vn:

V.7. Tnh ton cc vn thp:
- thi cng vng vy cc vn, cc tng vnh ai c ch to sn trn b,
sau a ra v tr thi cng bng cn cu ri ng cc cc nh v, tip da
vo vnh ai ng cc vn thp. Tng cc vn c gia c bng vnh ai
hnh ch nht v bng thanh chng ngang dc v cho gc. Cc b phn gia
c c t dn theo qu trnh thi cng v c cu to sao cho thun tin cho
vic lp t v tho d.
pg. 16

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

- h cc vn thp vo t dng h thng ba, gi ba t trn x lan.

trnh cc hng cc khng b nghing v khp kn theo chu vi th phi t ton
b tng hoc mt on tng vo v tr khung dn hng. ng cc lm 2
hoc 3 t ty theo su cn ng. Cc b phn ngm cc u phi c bi
trn m trc khi ng. Khe h thng ng gia cc cc cn phi c trt
t st do trnh nc r r vo.
- Cc nguyn tc tnh ton:
- Vng vy cc vn c xem l tuyt i cng
- p lc t tc dng ln tng cc vn ly theo nh l Culng vi mt ph
hoi l mt phng.
- y ta chn vng vy cc vn thp c 1 tng khung chng. Do cn
kim tra v mt n nh v tr v bn ca cc b phn c trong vng vy. Ta
i xt 2 trng hp nh sau:
+ Giai on 1: H mng o ti cao ca y lp btng b mng.
Ht ra mt phn nc trong h mng thi cng khung chng .
+ Giai on 2: H mng bt y. Nc trong vng vy ht cn.
Cc vn c xu hng quay quanh im O nm cch mt trn ca lp b tng
bt y khong 0,5m v pha di.
* Xt giai on 1:
+ Xc nh chiu su ngm cc vn:
- S tnh
+ Lp 1 : ct bn
bh = 2,00 (T/m3)
1 = 30
c1 = 0
h = 1,80 (T/m3)
- D kin cc vn thp s ng xuyn qua lp 1.
+ Cc h s:
H s vt ti ca p lc t ch ng:
na = 1,2
H s vt ti ca p lc t b ng: nb = 0,8
H s vt ti ca p lc thy tnh ly
n =1
H s p lc t ch ng:

pg. 17

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

tc
1
a tg 2 450
2
3

H s p lc t b ng:

tc
b tg 2 450 3
2

- p lc thy tnh:
P1 = n.h1 =1 x 5.922 = 5.922 (T/m2)
1
E1 = 2

.n .h

2
1

1
2

.1. 5.9222 = 17.54(T/m)

P2 = P1 = 5.922(T/m2)
E2 = n.h1.h2 =5.922.x (T/m)
- p lc t ch ng:
1
1
2
2
E4= 0, 0006.(5,922 x).1, 2 4, 264.103 0.00072.x (T/m)
1
1
E5= .(1,974 .x).(5,922 x).1, 2 0.2 x 2 2.36 x 7 (T/m)
2
3

E3= . n .h.a .na .0, 0006.0, 001.1, 2 0.864.106 (T/m)

- p lc t b ng:
1
2

E6= .3x.x.0,8 1, 2 x 2 (T/m)

- iu kin m bo n nh chng lt:
ML m.MG (1)
Trong :
+ ML : Tng mmen cc lc gy lt i vi im lt O.
+ MG : Tng mmen cc lc gi i vi im lt O.
+ m : h s iu kin lm vic, m = 0,95.
2
x
2
2
M l E1.(0,001 .5,922) E2 .(0,001 5,922 ) E3 . .0,001 E4 .(0,001 5,922 x) E5 .(0,001 .(5,922 x))
3
2
3
3
0,13 x 3 5,32 x 2 49, 08 x 97.17
2
M G E6 .( .x 5.923)
3
0,8 x 3 7,11x 2

T iu kin (1) ta c c:
pg. 18

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

0,63.x3 + 1,44.x2 49,08.x 97,17 0

- Gii ra ta c kt qu nh sau:
x 8,7m.
- Chn: t = 9m.
Vy chiu su ngm cc vn thp l 9m.
+ Tnh n nh cc vn thp :

0.001

- Vic tnh ton cng ca cc vn ta xem cc vn thp l 1 dm n gin

k ln 2 gi l thanh chng ngang v gi di l im gia ca chiu su
ngm cc vn vo t t ca cc vn thp. Ti trng tc dng gm: p lc t
ch ng v p lc nc nm ngoi h mng v b qua p lc t b ng v
p lc nc trong h mng.
- Theo kch thc ca vng vy ta dng 4 thanh chng cho.
- S tnh duyt cng cc vn v tnh thanh chng :

5.922

E3

E4

E1

E5

E2
E6
5.922

3x

1.974+x/ 3 0.006

* Xt giai on 2:
+ Tnh duyt cng cc vn thp
- S tnh cc vn thp l dm gin n k ln 2 gi l thanh chng v im O
cch mt trn ca lp b tng bt y 0,5m v pha di
pg. 19

GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

0.001

n mn : XY DNG CU

5.922

E3

E4

E1

E2

E7

E8
5.922
2.14 0.0006
19.269

9+3x

- p lc ngang ch ng : E3, E4, E5,E8,E9

- p lc ngang b ng : E6, E7
- p lc thy tnh : E1, E2
- Momen gy lt (E1, E3, E4, E5,E8,E9)
- Momen gi (E2, E6, E7)

- p lc t ch ng :
1
E3 .6.104.0, 001.1, 2 3, 6.10 7 (T/m)
2
E4 6.104.2,14.6, 422.1, 2 4, 62.10 3 (T/m)
1
E5 .2,14.6, 422.1, 2 8, 25 (T/m)
2
1 1
E8 .x. .x.1, 2 0.2 x 2 (T/m)
2 3

pg. 20

E9

x/ 3 1.75

E6

3.5

0.5

E5

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

E9 1, 75.x.1, 2 2,1x (T/m)

- p lc t b ng :
E6 19, 269.0,8.(3 x) 46, 25 15, 42 x (T/m)
1
E7 .(9 3 x).( x 3).0,8 1, 2 x 2 7, 2 x 10,8 (T/m)
2

- p lc thy tnh :
1
1
E1 .h 2 . n .6, 4222 20, 62 (T/m)
2
2
E2 6, 422.( x 3) (T/m)

* Lp phng trnh n nh lt i vi im O
Xt phng trnh : ML - m.MG = 0 (*)
Trong :
m : H s iu kin lm vic (m= 0,95)
ML : Tng cc momen gy lt i vi O
ML = E1.y1+E3.y3+E4.y4+E5.y5+E8.y8+E9.y9
Vi y1, y3, y4, y5, y8, y9 ln lt l khong cch t E1, E3, E4,E5, E8 , E9 n O
ML = 0,1x 3 +1,75x 2 +6,3x+61,81(T/m)
MG : Tng cc momen chng lt i vi O
MG =0,76x 3 +17.15x 3 +75,9x+120,71
Th vo pt (*) ta c: 0.63x3 15.4 x 2 69.6 x 58.9 0
Gii phng trnh ta c : x 0.64
Chn h = 0,7m . ng vi d on ban u l cc ch cm vo khong lp
t trn.
Vy chiu di tng cng ca cc vn thp l 5,923+3.5+0.7 = 10.123m . Vy
chn chiu di cc 10,5m
1.3.5. Thi cng cc khoan nhi
1.3.5.1 nh v may khoan

pg. 21

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

Cng vic nh v my khoan quyt nh n v tr v

cht lng l khoan.

Cn c vo sn o, th t l khoan, phng php dch

chuyn khoan t khoan cho ph hp.

t, dch chuyn v cn my sao cho tim cn khoan trng

vi tim l khoan.

Thit b nh v my khoan bao gm: cn cu, kch, pa

lng xch, my kinh v, my thu bnh v qu ri.

Kim tra v tr tim cn khoan v thng ng ca cn

bng my kinh v trc khi khoan to l.

K chn chc chn ton my nhm khng my khoan

nghing lch, x dch trong qu trnh khoan.
1.3.5.2 H ng vch
ng knh ng vch thi cng cc khoan nhi phi to hn ng knh cc khoan t 20 cm, di t 2 m.
nh v ng vch:

o trc t nn chn vch l chu vi ng trn h

o su 1,5m, tm l tim l khoan.

iu chnh vch thng ng bng my v qu ri.

Dng hai tng nh v bng thp hnh cng n

nh vch m bo khi h vch xung thng ng. Hai tng
nh v ny lin kt vo sn cng tc mt trn v di.
ng h ng vch:

Dng ba rung 60KVA rung h ng vch.

Dng qu ba thp kt hp vi ti khoan ng h.

ng vch thi cng c th ng mt ln hoc ng ni nhiu
ln tu theo cc yu t sau:

Chiu di ng vch.

Cc tng a cht ng vch phi qua.

Khi h ng vch lm nhiu ln phi ch vic ni ng vch:

Mt phng ghp ni phi vung gc vi tim vch vch

khng gy khc.

pg. 22

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

Hn kn chng ct nh lt vo.

Hn iu kin chu lc khi ng vch v rt vch

khng b t mi ni.

Khng dng bn tp pha trong khng vng, kt khoan

v vch b tng sau ny.
1.35.3 Kim tra ng vch

Vic kim tra ng vch phi c quan tm theo di trong

sut thi gian h ng vch bng ri, my kinh v v quan st
bng mt thng.

Bt k cao no thy c hin tng nghing lch th

phi ra bin php x l.

ng vch thi cng nu nghing s nh hng ti vic

khoan to l.
Vic tnh ton cho php nghing vch c 2 yu t:

Chiu di ng vch.

ng knh ng vch (ln hn ng vch BT l 20cm).

1.3.5.4 Cng tc khoan to l:

- Xc nh v tr tim cc bng my kinh v.
- Dung h ng chng. Cao y ng chng c h su qua lp
cui cht va. Cao nh ng chng cao hn nn ng ca
my khoan 1m.
- Dng loi my khoan TRC 15 khoan to l. Phng php khoan
theo kiu tun hon ngc, mn khoan trong va st lun c ht ra
ngoi bng my bm YOKOTA UPS-80-1520N lu lng 300 m3/h. Khi
u khoan su khong 20 m, tng hiu qu ht bn cn
dng h thng ht bn hi p 20 m3/pht. m bo n nh
vch khoan, cn lun bm b va st vo lng cc, khng ch gi
cho mc va st cao hn mt sn thi cng khong 2m trong sut
thi gian thi cng cho n khi b tng cc, k c lc ngng
khoan mc va st b tt.
- Thi ra l khoan: Vic lm v sinh y v thnh l khoan trc
khi c cc l mt cng vic rt quan trng. Nu khng vt b lp
mt khoan, t v dung dch va st lng ng s to ra mt
pg. 23

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

lp m yu di chn cc, khi chu lc cc s b ln. Mt khc b

tng nu khng n ht c ct lng s to ra nhng mn
t lm gim sc chu ti cu cc. V vy khi khoan xong cng
nh trc khi b tng phi thi ra sch l khoan.

Cng vic thi ra l khoan c tin hnh nh sau:

Trc khi b tng cn phi y ra ngoi tt c nhng ht
mn cn li trng thi l lng bng ng ht dng kh nn. Ming
ng phun kh nn t su di mt nc t nht l 10m v cch
ming ng ht bn t nht l 2 m v pha trn. Ming ng ht bn
c di chuyn lin tc di y l lm v sinh.
- Kim tra hiu qu x l cn lng:
+ Sau khi kt thc c lm l cc o ngang su l cc.
Sau khi thi ra l khoan xong li o su l cc t so
snh xc nhn hiu qu ca vic x l cn lng.
+ C th dng my o cn lng bng chnh lch in tr.

1.3.5.2.

Gia cng v lp h lng thp:

- Lng thp bao gm:

+ Ct ch c g, ng knh 22 t cch nhau 10cm
+ Ct ai dng thp trn trn ng knh 16m un thnh
vng trn t cch nhau 20cm
+ Thp nh v ng knh 25mm thay th ct ai mt
s v tr, t cnh nhau 3m, hn chc chn v vung gc
vi ct ch.
+ Ti nh v bng thp trn ng knh 25mm c hn
nh hai u vi ct ch. Ti nh v c b tr bn pha
ti cc v tr c thp nh v.
+ Mc treo.
- Lng thp c ch to thnh tng on di 8m trn gi nm
ngang theo trnh t sau:
+ Lp thp nh v vo vng rnh trn cc tm c.
+ Lp ct ch vo cc khc trn cc tm c.
+ Chong v buc ct ai.
+ Hn thp nh v vo ct ch.
+ Hn ti nh v v mc treo.
- Vic lp h lng ct thp vo h khoan c thc hin bng cn
cu theo trnh t sau:
pg. 24

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

+ Lp h mt on lng thp vo trong l khoan v treo vo

ming ng chng nh cc thanh ngng t di vng thp
nh v v k trn ming ng vch. Tim lng thp phi trng
vi tim cc.
+ Cu lp on lng khc, dng dy thp to buc cht mi
ni 2 u ct ch bng mi ni chng sao cho on ni
chng l 1m .
+ Cu c hai on lng ni, tho tm thanh ngng, h lng
thp nh nhng v ng tim cc.
+ Tip tc lp cc on lng thp tip theo.
+ Kim tra lng thp sau khi h ti v tr.
* kim tra cht lng sau khi thi cng m khng ph hoi
th cn t trc cc ng thm d bng thp c np y ng knh ng (@50 vi ng siu m , @102 vi ng khoan
ly mu ng cao hn chn ca lng thp l 1m v khng c tu vo cc ct ch

1.3.5.3. BT cc khoan nhi:

- Thi gian gin on t khi thi ra l khoan xong n khi
BT khng qu 2h.
- BT cc khoan nhi phi m bo cc ch tiu k thut theo
ng thit k.
- Phng php BT cc khoan nhi l BT trong nc ( phng
php rt ng thng ng) . ng dn dng BT l ng thp
ng knh 200mm c ghp ni t cc on ng di 3m .
- H ng c cu h xung y l khoang sau nng ln
khong 20cm to ca thot cho b tng chn ng.
- t qu cu cch y phu khong 0.8m c gi chc chn
bng si thp
- Bm b tng y phu ct si dy treo qu cu b tng s
y qu cu trt theo ng xung di trong khi b tng vn c
bm lin tc.
- Tc cung cp BT phu cng phi gi iu ph hp vi
vn tc di chuyn ca ng.
- Trong qu trnh BT, y ng BT phi m bo lun
cm su trong BT khng nh hn 2m v khng ln hn 5m.
pg. 25

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

- Tip tc b tng cho ti khi mc b tng trong l khoang cao

hn nh cc.
- Tin hnh rt ng vch khi b tng cn ti

1.3.6.

Thi cng lp BT bt y h mng:

Tnh chiu dy lp b tng bt y:

T iu kin p lc y ni ca nc phi nh hn lc ma st
gia b tng vi cc cc v trng lng bn thn ca lp b tng bt
y .
Cng thc tnh ton :
iu kin 1:thng p lc y ni
K x(n.b.h.F + m.U..h) n( h+ h1).F
Trong :
N=0.9
K
RBT
=100 T / m3

K : h s iu kin lm vic ly k = 0.9

b: Trng lng ring ca b tng bt y b = 2,5 T/ m2.
n: Trng lng ring ca nc. n = 1 T/ m3
h : Chiu dy lp b tng bt y .
h1: Chiu cao t mc nc thi cng n y b mng,
h1 = 5.922 m
m: S cc trong h , n = 12 cc .
U: Chu vi cc = d x 3.14 =4.71m .
F: Din tch h mng .
F = 13.25 20.4=270.3m2 (M rng ra cc pha
1m)
: Lc ma st gia b tng v cc
= 2 T/ m2
0.9.(2.5 270.3 h x 0.9 + 12 x 4.71 2 h) 1 (h+5.922) x
270.3 => h 3.45 m .
Chn h = 3.5m .
Vy chiu dy lp b tng bt y l 3.5m .

pg. 26

M max K
RBT
W

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

iu kin 2: m bo iu kin cng b tng

q=n .h -b .x=1.(5.922+3.5)-2,5.3.5=0.672(T/m)
0, 672.102
Mmax =
8.4(T .m)
8
3,52
W=
2, 04( m3 )
6
8, 4
K

4,12 RBT
100T / m3
2, 04

Vy m bo iu kin cng b tng.

- o b ct trong h mng n cao y lp BT bt y. Thit
b dng thi cng cng tc ny l my xc gu ngom. Sau
tin hnh BT bt y h mng vi chiu dy 3.5m
Do kch thc h mng kh ln nn ta dng 4 ng thp ng
knh 200mm b tr u trong h mng.

1.3.7.

Ht nc trong h mng:

Sau khi BT bt y cng lm vic, tin hnh ht nc

trong
h mng ra ngoi theo phng php ht trc tip bng
my bm. Do lng nc trong h mng kh ln nn s dng loi
my bm ly tm loi C- 666 c cc thng s k thut sau:
Nng sut 120m3/h.
su ht nc 6m.
cao nc dng 3.10m.
ng knh ng ht 120mm.
Cng sut ng c 7KW.

Khi nc trong h mng c ht cn th cho my bm

ly tm ngng hot ng. Nhng do vng vy vn thp khng
hon ton kn kht nn nc s tip tc chy vo trong h
mng qua cc khe h nhng vi lu lng nh. Lc ny ta s dng
my bm c nh cng sut 10 25 m3/h hot ng tip
tc ht nc trong h mng m bo h mng lun kh ro
thi cng b mng.
4.6. Thi cng b cc:
- X l u cc: c b lp BT u cc n cao thit k
cho tr ct thp.
- V sinh h mng.
pg. 27

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GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

- Lp dng vn khun b cc. B mt vn khun c qut 1

lp nha ng chng dnh.
- t ct thp b cc mt trn, mt di v 4 mt xung
quanh ca b cc.
- BT: BT c cung cp bng bm y qua ng ng dn
ti h mng. m bo chiu cao ri ca BT khng qu
1,5m th phi dng ng vi voi BT.
- Bo dng BT b cc.
2. Thi cng thn tr
2.1. Thng s k thut
- Tr thn c bng BTCT ton khi.
- BT tr mc 300.
- Tit din tr hnh ch nht vt trn hai u.
- Kch thc mt ct ngang thn tr khng thay i
theo chiu cao:
+ Kch thc theo phng dc cu:3.5m.
+ Kch thc theo phng ngang cu: 9.2m.
+ Chiu cao tr: 7m.
2.2. Trnh t thi cng:
- H mng c ht ht nc, tin hnh p u cc l ct thp ra ngoi
v un ct thp theo thit k, v sinh sch s h mng.
- Lp dng ct thp cho i cc.
- Lp dng vn khun b cc.
- Tin hnh b tng.
2.3. K thut b tng:
- Btng c trn ti trm trn v vn chuyn n v tr btng.
- Khi btng vn chuyn t trm trn n, cn phi kim tra cht lng ca
btng ( kim tra v st ) trc khi cho btng.
- Btng c thng qua my bm btng. Chiu dy mi lp b tng
30cm.
- B tng theo di nghing vi gc nghing = 2025o
pg. 28

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2.4. Chn my m v my trn btng:

- Dng m di c cc thng s k thut sau:
+ u cng tc di: 40cm
+ Bn knh nh hng: R = 70cm
+ Bc di chuyn ca di khng qu 1,5.R = 1,05m
+ Khi m lp trn phi cm vo lp di 10cm btng c lin
khi.
2.5. Thi cng thn tr:
2.5.1. Trnh t thi cng:
-Sau khi btng b cc t 70% cng ta tin hnh thi cng thn tr theo
trnh t sau:
- Lp dng ct thp cho thn tr.
- Lp dng vn khun thn tr.
- Tin hnh b tng.
2.5.2. Phng n thi cng
- V chiu cao tr nh (7m) nn ta s tin hnh BT tr
1t.
- S dng h gin gio UYKM phc v cho thi cng tr.
- Vn khun tr dng loi vn khun thp nh hnh lin kt
gia cc tm vn khun thc hin bng bulng. B mt ca vn
khun c qut mt lp nha ng chng dnh.
- BT c cung cp bng my bm y theo ng ng. Trong
qu trnh BT cn lu vic chn sn cc kt cu phc v cho
thi cng kt cu nhp sau ny.

CHNG III
THIT K T CHC THI CNG KT CU NHP
1.1. T chc qu trnh cng ngh:
Kt cu nhp lin tc c thi cng theo cng ngh c
hng cn bng t tr ra hai pha. y l mt gii php cng
ngh thi cng cu BTCT DUL mang tnh cht cng nghip ho
pg. 29

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nhng vn m bo c iu kin c BT ti ch gi c
tnh ton khi ca cng trnh, mt yu t rt quan trng i
vi tin cy v tui th ca cng trnh.
- Bc1: Sau khi xy dng xong tr, tin hnh xy dng t
u tin trn tr (Ko). V l cu dm nn kt cu nhp c
thit k trn gi cu do khi xy dng phi gii quyt vn
n nh m bo sut qu trnh thi cng kt cu nhp
khng b lt . gii quyt vn ny ta s dng gii
php m rng mt tr c th b tr t u tin trn tr
c k trn gi tm thi, sau dng cc thnh ng sut 38
ni cng t u tin vi tr bin kt cu tr thnh khung T
tm thi.
- Bc 2: Xy dng cc t tip theo i xng nhau qua tr
cho n t cng ct thp UST t mt ny sang mt kia ca
cnh hng. Khi thi cng bc ny phi theo di cht ch
vng. S lng ct thp cn phi m bo ti mi sn ca mi
t c t nht mt b c cng v neo cui t. Sau khi
cng xong ct thp phi bm va ngay vo ng ghen.
- Bc 3: lao dm c sng bng gi 3 chn
1.2 Thi cng khi nh tr
- Khi nh tr l khi ln nht trong dm nm trn
nh ca thn tr c c trn gio. gio thi
cng cc khi ny cn to t thp hnh v c lp t t
khi thi cng thn tr. Cu to ca gio c thit k ring.
- Cng vic BT cho khi nh tr c chia lm 3 t.
+ t 1: BT cho bn y.
+ t 2: BT tng ngn v thnh hp.
+ t 3: BT cho bn mt.
1.3 Lp t vn khun, bn y, ct thp, BT t
1:
- Cc vn khun thi cng nh tr c t trn gio
c xy dng t khi thi cng thn tr. Vic t vn
khun y c thc hin bng cu v palng xch treo vo 4
gc. Cc palng xch ny lm nhim v chnh cao vn
pg. 30

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khun y mt cch tng i. Khi vn khun y s b

n nh v tr trn cc nm g, iu chnh chnh xc
cao cng nh tim dc, tim ngang ca n phi dng kch.
Vn khun y c c nh v tr bng cc thanh thp gc
hn chng gia nh ca gio vi y ca n.
Khi t cc vn khun thnh ngoi phi m bo kch
thc hnh hc ca khi nh tr. c bit vn khun phi
thng ng, nghing khng vt qu 1%. Cc tm vn
khun thnh ngoi cng c c nh v tr xung gio.
Trn nh ca chng c b tr cc gi thanh ng sut
ca khi nh tr.
- Vic lp t ct thp s c tin hnh sau khi
nghim thu cao v v tr ca vn khun.
- Cng vic BT nn tin hnh theo trnh t t tim
ngang ca khi nh tr ra hai pha. Tu thuc vo tnh cht
ca BT, loi ph gia s dng, nhit thi cng m tnh ton
kh nng cung cp BT cho ph hp, trnh tnh trng thi gian
gia cc lp qu di. Cng tc m BT cn ch nhng
ni c b tr ct thp dy c. Cng tc bo dng BT c
tin hnh lin tc bt u t lc nc d trn b mt BT
bay ht hi.
1.4. Lp t vn khun, ct thp tng ngn v thnh
hp. BT t 2
Ti tng ngn c b tr cc ca i li, vn chuyn vt
t thit b hoc neo cc kt cu thi cng. Vn khun cho cc
ca nn lm bng g vi cc khung xng c cu to hp l
m bo cho cng tc tho vn khun c d dng.
Trc khi lp vn khun, ct thp t 2 v v tr cc
thanh ng sut phi c nghim thu hon chnh.
Vn khun thnh pha trong c cu to thnh 3 tng,
mc ch l khi xong BT t 2 th tng trn cng s
tho ra, hai tng di s lm gio vn khun nc cho
BT t 3.
pg. 31

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Cc tng lin kt vi nhau bng bulng, khi lp rp c

th lp c mng hoc tng phn tu thuc vo nng lc ca
cu.
Vn khun pha trong cng phi thng v c nh v
tr bng cc thanh chng v thanh thp xuyn to.
Cng tc BT c thc hin bng ng vi voi
m bo chiu cao ri ca BT khng qu 1,5m v phi
i xng gia cc thnh trnh hin tng lch ti.
1.5. Lp t vn khun, ct thp bn mt. BT t
3:
- Vn khun c phn thnh mnh tin lp rp v
iu chnh s b, sau dng kch iu chnh chnh
xc. Vn khun phi t trn cc nm g vi chiu cao ti
thiu 100mm. Cnh cc nm g u phi c cc thanh thp
hn chng gi c nh. Vic b tr cc nm g bn di
phi thch hp cho cng vic tho vn khun.
- Khi lp t cc ng ghen to l cho cc b cp cn phi
m bo ng v tr. Trong lng ng ghen u t cc ng
nha PVC chng hin tng va chy vo trong ng.
- BT t 3 s c theo tng vt 2m theo phng
ngang cu t pha thp ca khi nh tr.
1.6. Cng cp DUL, cng thanh ng sut:
- Ch tin hnh cng cp DUL khi BT t cng yu cu.
- Trc khi cng cp DUL cho khi nh tr cc vn khun
thnh ngoi, thnh trong, vn khun nc phi tch ri khi b
mt BT. Ring vn khun y ch c tho ra sau khi cng
xong cp DUL.
- Cc thanh ng sut c cng theo tng cp v i xng
n lc theo yu cu.
2. Thi cng cc khi hng
Tr khi nh tr c c trn gio, cc khi cn li
ca dm hng c c i xng trn xe c.
pg. 32

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Sau khi hon tt cc cng vic trn t K 0 tin hnh

lp xe c. Thi cng cc t hng theo phng php ko sau
c BT 2 ln.
Mt chu trnh thi cng dt dm gm 7 ngy vi 9 bc
cng tc sau:
1- Trn xe c lp cp pha bn y.
2- Buc ct thp bn y v sn hp.
3- c v bo dng BT bn y.
4- Lp cp pha sn hp v bn mt.
5- Buc ct thp bn nh v ng ghen.
a xe c vo v tr
6- c BT sn hp v bn mt.
7- Bo dng BT, tho cp pha, x l mch ni.
Lp cp pha bn y
Ch to cp
8- Cng ct thp DUL v bm va vo ng ghen.
pha
9- Di chuyn xe c.
Buc ct thp bn y,
Ch to ct
bn sn
thp
c mu
th

c BT bn y, bn sn

- Lp cp pha bn sn, bn
mt
Ch to ng
- Buc thp bn mt, ng
ghen
ghen
c BT bn y, bn s
c mu
n,bo dng
th
Ra ng ghen
Bo dng BT
Tho cp pha
Chun b neo v
b thp

Lun b thp DUL

Chun b cng
ko

Ko cng b thp DUL

Chun b bm
pg. 33
va

Bm va vo ng ghen
Chuyn xe c n v

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2.1. Lp rp xe c
Trc khi lp rp xe c, ton b vic gia cng vn khun ca
xe c hon thin. Ch lp xe c ln khi nh tr sau
khi cng cp DUL v thanh ng sut ca khi tr. Trnh t
lp xe c c tin hnh nh sau:
- Kim tra ton b v tr cc l ch b tr bn y v bn
mt.
- Xc nh tim dc, tim ngang cu ti khi nh tr.
- Lp t dm ray, dm ngang.
- Lp t cc dn chnh, dn lin kt ngang pha trc v
pha sau.
- Lp vn khun.

2.2 Chnh xe c
C hai yu cu chnh trong vc chnh xe c:
pg. 34

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- Tim dc ca xe phi trng vi tim dc ca cu.

- Cao ca dn chnh o ti bn im: hai im ti chn trc
v hai im ti chn sau phi bng nhau.
Khi cng vic chnh xe c hon thnh dng kch thng tm
loi nh cng 4 thanh ng sut neo dm ngang pha sau xung
mt cu.

2.3. Chnh cao vn khun

Cao vn khun ti mi mt ct ca t phi tnh trc.
Cao tnh ton phi tnh n vng ca cu, bin dng
ca dn chnh xe c v dn di ca thanh ng sut.
trnh sai xt cao do nhit nn tin hnh chnh
cao vn khun vo thi im c nhit 250C thng l
bui sng sm trc khi c nng.

2.4. Buc ct thp v ng ghen to l.

- Ct thp c t ng theo bn v thit k v theo
trnh t: bn hai bn thnh, bn mt. c bit ch ct thp
tng cng cc b ti cc u neo.
- Cc ng ghen to l cng c t theo ng bn v thit
k v c ni vi u ch ca cc ng ghen c t trong
khi c bng cc ng ni. Dng cc on thp 6 c
nh ng ghen vo ct thp thng.
- B tr cc ng nha PVC 60 to l cho cc thanh ng
sut phc v thi cng cc t tip theo.
- Dc theo mi ng ghen nn t cc ng thm va v t
im cao nht ca ng ghen.

2.5. b tng
BT c th bng gu hoc my bm tu thuc vo iu
kin ca cng trng.
Trnh t BT: bn y, thnh hp, bn mt.
Mt s ch khi BT:
- st ca BT phi t yu cu.
- Chiu cao ri ca BT khng qu 1,5m.
- Trnh lch ti qu ln.
pg. 35

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- Khi m BT ti nhng ch gn ng ghen phi ch trnh

va chm vo ng ghen lm cho ng ghen c th b v.
- Cn ch cht lng BT ti cc u neo.
- Trong lng cc ng ghen to l phi t cc ng nha PCV.
- Sau khi BT phi dng con chut thng tt c cc
ng ghen.

2.6. Lun cp v cng cp.

- Trc khi a cp vo s dng phi kim tra k lng. Cp c
y vo trong ng ghen bng my chuyn dng EMK.
- Sau khi hon thnh cng tc lun ct thp vo ng ghen
tin hnh lp u neo. Chiu di ca u b cp tnh t
mt bn m neo l 1,5m cho u cng ko v 0,7m cho
u khng cng ko.
- t nm (cht neo).
- Lp bn l m u kch.
- Lp kch: kch c treo vo gi bng mt palng xch 0,5T
d dng iu chnh cao trong lc cng ko.
- Cng cp: p lc kch c tng dn theo tng cp. Thng thng ti mi khi c ca dm hng c hai b cp phi cng.
Chng c cng ng thi v phi i xng.

2.7. Bm va vo ng ghen
- Sau khi tho kch, cc on tha ca b cp phi c ct b v
tr ct cch u neo 3cm v phi ct bng my c kh.
- BT bt u neo = BT cng cp vi BT dm.
- Va bao gm xi mng, nc v ph gia.
- Trnh t bm va:
+ Ra ng ghen v b cp cng bng cch bm nc sch vo
tng ng ghen sau thi ht nc ra bng my bm hi p.
Cng vic ny cn c ngha lm trn ng v ch lm trc khi
bm va.
+ Bm va vo ng.
+ Kho van.

2.8. Di chuyn xe c

pg. 36

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Vic di chuyn xe c c tin hnh bng kch thu lc

c chng chuyn dng theo trnh t sau:
- Cng cc thanh ng sut gng dm ray xung mt cu vi lc
20T cho mi thanh.
- Tch tt c vn khun ri khi b mt BT.
- H kch chn trc sao cho cc b trt gn dm ngang pha trc
gi hon ton xung b mt dm ray.
- H ng sut tho cc thanh ng sut gng dm ngang pha sau
ri khi mt BT sao cho cc c hm gn dm ngang pha sau
tip xc vi mt di cnh trn dm ray.
- Bi m vo mt tip xc gia dm ray v cc trt gim ma
st.
- Ni kch vi bm, hot ng bm y xe c v pha trc n
v tr thit k. V hnh trnh ca kch c hn nn qu trnh
y c lp li nhiu ln.

BC 3: Lao lp dm bng gi 3 chn :

Dng hai gi 3 chn di chuyn dc trn cu tm. Cu tm c cc tr c
k trn cc r . Kt cu nhp dm c vn chuyn bng xe gong ra v tr,
c gi 3 chn nng ln v vn chuyn dc cu, ri h xung gi cu.
- u im: c th lp cc phin dm c chiu di n 40m v trng
lng n 100T
- Phm vi p dng: lp kt cu nhp n gin qua sng c mc nc
cao , c lu thng bn di cu hoc vng c a cht yu cho php cn cu di
chuyn trn mt t hoc tn km khi xy dng .
- trnh t thi cng:

22.5

37.5

6
8

10

pg. 37

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22.5

37. 5

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6
8

10

+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+

lp gin ch
lp 2 chn sau
xy dng ng di chuyn cho gia 3 chn
di chuyn gi ra v tr
lp ghp chn trc ca gi
a dm ra v tr chun b lp ghp
gi 3 chn nng dm v lao dc
sn ngang t ln gi

CHNG IV

T chc thi cng

1)B tr mt bng cng trng:
-Bi gia cng,lp dng ct thp,tp kt cc cu kin
-Trm trn b tng
H thng kho bi
-H thng nh xng,lng tri cng nhn
-ng cng c
2)Khi lng thi cng
Kh

Khi lng btng cho 12 cc khoan nhi , D= 1,5m , L = 36 m l 763,4m3

Khi lng ca b tng b tr: 18,4.11,25.3=621m3

Khi lng ca b tng thn tr : 209,5m3
Khi lng khi lng vn khun b tr : 177.9m2
pg. 38

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Khi lng khi lng vn khun thn tr: 77.1m2

Khi lng ct thp b tr T4 l :23,36T thp @22 khong cch ct ai a =
15cm
Khi lng ct thp thn tr : 11,44T thp ch @25 a=10cm , ct ai @18
a=10cm
3)Tin thi cng
-i hnh thi cng
+nhn cng lm vic phn b tng l 20ngi
+nhn cng lm vic phn ct thp l 35ngi
+my lm vic phn khoan cc l 1 my
+my lm vic phn b tng l 5 my
-Tin thi cng
* nh mc my cho vic khoan cc K 1.5m my TRC 15 l 0.04 theo M
BXD 24-2005
3.14 1.52
36 0.04 2.5 ca
-s ca my cn thit khoan cc:
4
2.5
+ thi gian thi cng theo my
=2.5 ngy
1

T chc 2 ca/ngy 30.5/2=15.25 chn 1.5ngy

Vy chn thi gian thi cng l 1,5 ngy / 1cc 18ngy/12 cc
* nh mc my b tng cc nhi di nc K cc >1000 mm l my
bm 50m3/h
3.14 1.52
36) 0.042 2.5 ca
+ thi gian thi cng theo my b tng cc: (
4
2.5
Vi 5 my bm th
=0.5ca
5
Vy chn thi gian thi cng l 0.5 ngy/1cc 6ngy/12cc

* nh mc sn xut,lp dng,tho d vn khun b tr di nc:

- theo nhn cng l:40,2 th
+thi gian thi cng vn khun theo nhn cng:
- theo my l:0,96 th
+thi gian thi cng vn khun theo my:

(177.9 40.2) /100

7.15 ngy
10

(177.9 0.96) /100

1.71 ngy
1

T chc lm vic 2 ca/ngy th thi gian thi cng:

+theo nhn cng : 4 ngy
+theo my : 1 ngy
. Vy chn 1 ngy
* nh mc nhn cng cho vic gia cng lp t ct thp b tr K >18mm
l 9.75 theo M BXD 24-2005
pg. 39

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+s ngy thi cng ct thp b tr:

GVHD: PHM TRUNG NGUYN

23.36 9.75
6.5 ngy
35

Vy chn 6.5 ngy

* nh mc thi cng b tng b tr theo M BXD 24-2005
- theo nhn cng l 3.96 th
+s ngy thi cng b tng b tr theo nhn cng :

621 2.64
82 ngy
20

-theo my bm 50m3/h th
-s ngy thi cng theo my : 621 0.039 24.2 ca
24.2
4.8 ca
5
T chc 5 t 124.2m3/ca 2 ca/ngy, b tr 5 my bm btng

C tt c l 5 my bm th

Vy chn 2.5ngy
* nh mc sn xut,lp dng,tho d vn khun thn tr trn cn:
- theo nhn cng l:33.5 th
+thi gian thi cng vn khun theo nhn cng:
- theo my l:0,8 th
+thi gian thi cng vn khun theo my:

(77.1 33.5) /100

2.6 ngy
10

(77.1 0.8) /100

0.6 ngy
1

T chc lm vic 2 ca/ngy th thi gian thi cng:

+theo nhn cng : 1.5 ngy
+theo my : 0.5 ngy.
Vy chn 0.5 ngy
* nh mc nhn cng cho vic gia cng lp t ct thp thn tr K >18mm
l 11.7 theo M BXD 24-2005
+s ngy thi cng ct thp thn tr:

11.44 11.7
3.8 ngy
35

Vy chn 4 ngy
* nh mc thi cng b tng thn tr theo M BXD 24-2005
-theo nhn cng l 2.91 th
+s ngy thi cng b tng thn tr theo nhn cng :

209.5 2.91
30.5 ngy
20

- theo my bm 50m3/h th
+s ngy thi cng theo my : 209.5 0.033 6.9 ca
6.9
1.38 ca
5
T chc 2 t 107.75m3 2 ca/ngy,b tr 5 my bm btng

C 5 my bm th

Vy chn 1 ngy

pg. 40

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pg. 41

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