BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

TRNG I HC GIAO THNG VN TI

KHOA CNG TRNH - B MN A K THUT

BI TP LN

MN HC N NH B DC V TNG CHN T

T hp : L2-T09-D02

BNG 1. KCH THC TNG CHN LOI 4 B TNG CT THP (L4)

Gc Ti trng
Kch H1 H2 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 nghing q
thc (KPa)
(m)
1.25 5.0 6.2 1.1 1.3 3.8 0.5 25 0

500

1
?t d?p

2
u?ng t ?t n?n
1100 1300 3800
1250

6200
500

1
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

Hnh 1: B tr tng chn b tng ct thp

BNG 2. CH TIU C L CC LP T NN S DNG TNH TON

Lp t t nn t t nn t
n v t p 1
Ch tiu nhin 2 nhin 3
kN/m3 19 19.3 20.1
bh
kN/m3 19.7 - -
W % - 29.2 21
- 2.70 2.73 2.72
e - - 0.841 0.640
c kPa 15 19 27.5
28 13 22
Sr - - 0.95 0.89
WL % - 38.2 32.9
WP % - 23.6 20.4
Eo kPa - - 21500

2
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

PHN 1:PHN LOI TNG CHN T V NGUYN TC TNH

TON KHI THIT K TNG CHN TRNG LC / TNG CHN
BN GC

1. Phn loi tng chn t v nguyn tc tnh ton khi thit

k tng chn trng lc / tng bn gc

1.1. Phn loi tng chn t

1.1.1. Phn loi theo cng

Chia lm 2 loi : tng cng v tng mm

- Tng cng : Khng c bin dng un khi chu p lc t m

ch c chuyn v tnh tin v chuyn v xoay. Mt s tng cng
thng gp : tng b tng , hc , gch xy....
- Tng mm : C bin dng un khi chu p lc t. Mt s
thng gp : tng lm bng tm g , thp, tng c ....

1.1.2. Phn loi theo nguyn tc lm vic

- Tng trng lc (a) : n nh c m bo ch yu do trng

lng bn thn. Cc loi tng cng thuc tng na trng lc :

- Tng na trng lc (b) : n nh khng ch c m bo do

trng lng bn thn v bn mng m cn do trng lng ca khi
t nm trn bn mng

- Tng bn gc (c) : n nh c m bo do trng lng ca

khi t p ln bn mng , tng v mng l nhng bn , tm
b tng ct thp mng nn trng lng ca bn thn tng v mng
khng ln . Tng bn mng c dng ch L nn gi l tng ch L

- Tng mng (d) : S n nh ca loi tng ny c m bo

bng cch chn tng vo trong nn. Do loi tng ny cn c
gi l tng cc v tng c. gim bt chn su trong t ca
tng v tng cng ca tng ngi ta dng dy neo.

3
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

Hnh 1.1. Cc loi tng chn theo nguyn tc lm vic

1.1.3. Phn loi tng theo chiu cao

- Tng thp : c chiu cao nh hn 10m

- Tng trung bnh : c chiu cao H= 10-20m

- Tng cao : c chiu cao H>20m

1.1.4. Phn loi theo gc nghing ca lng tng.

- Tng dc : Li c phn thnh 2 loi dc thun v dc nghch

- Tng thoi : gc nghing ca lng tng ln

Hnh 1.2. Phn loi tng theo gc nghing

1.1.5. Phn loi theo kt cu

- Tng lin khi : lm bng b tng, b tng hc, gch xy,

xy hay bng b tng ct thp. Tng lin khi c xy (gch )
hoc (b tng, b tng hc, b tng ct thp) trc tip trong
4
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

h mng. H mng phi rng hn mng tng chn mt khong

tin thi cng v t vn khun. Mng ca tng b tng v b tng
ct thp lin khi vi bn thn tng, cn mng ca tng chn
bng gch xy th c th l nhng kt cu c lp bng xy
hay b tng. Mt ct ngang ca tng lin khi rt khc nhau.

-Tng lp ghp : gm cc cu kin bng b tng ct thp c sn

lp ghp li vi nhau theo nhng s kt cu nh sn. Cu kin
c sn thng l nhng thanh hoc nhng tm khng ln (thng
di 3m) tin vn chuyn.

- Tng r : gm cc r ni ghp li vi nhau . Nhng r

bng li st hoc li plime c xp tng lp, kt ni vi nhau ri
xp hc vo tng r. t ht mn ca t nn v t p
khng xm nhp vo hc trong r, thng mt lp vi a k
thut ngn cch y tng v lng tng vi t nn v t p

- Tng t c ct : l dng tng hin i ca cc bao ti cht

ng th s ca nhn dn. Tng chnh l mt b (da) lm bng cc
tm kim loi hoc b tng ct thp. Mt b c ni vi cc di kim
loi hoc plime chn tng lp trong t p sau tng.

1.2. Nguyn tc tnh ton khi thit k tng chn trng lc /

tng chn bn gc

Theo Tiu chun 9152: 2012

Nu trn sut chiu di tng: kch thc mt ct ngang, c trng

c l ca t nn v t sau tng, ti trng v tc ng l nhng tr
s khng i, cho php tnh ton tng chn trn 1 m di.

Nu t s gia chiu di tuyn v chiu rng mt y nh hn 3

hoc nu nh dc theo chiu di m khun kh, kch thc tng,
c trng c l ca t nn v t sau tng hoc ti trng v tc
ng l nhng tr s bin i (th d nh s cht ng tu thuyn,
ng lc do neo buc) th cn tnh ton theo tng on tng (theo
s khng gian). Khi tnh nh vy, nhng ng lc tc dng ln
tng chn v c trng hnh hc ca kt cu (din tch nn, m
men qun tnh ca tit din v.v) ni chung c xc nh i vi
tng on tng cn tnh ton kh nng chu ti ca kt cu v nn
th cn k n kh nng lm vic khng gian ca kt cu.

5
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

Vic tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th nht v kh nng chu ti
(theo n nh v bn) cn c thc hin theo t hp ti trng v
tc ng bt li nht c th xy ra trong giai on s dng, sa cha
cng nh trong qu trnh xy dng

Vic tnh ton theo trng thi gii hn th hai - theo bin dng - cn
c thc hin i vi t hp ti trng tiu chun phn nh iu
kin lm vic ca tng chn hoc nhng thit b c trn tng m
theo xc nh c gii hn bin dng ca tng chn (ln,
cong).

6
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

PHN 2: TNH TON TNG CHN T TRNG LC

2.1. T hp ti trng ti trng tm y mng

2.1.1. p lc ng ln tng chn (tnh ton trn 1m tng)

500 W5

1
1

4
at dap

W1
W2 W4

2
Duong oto Dat nen
1100 1300 3800
2
1250

3
W3

6200
500

p lc thng ng do trng lng bn thn tng chn (tnh ton

trn 1 mt tng)

W1 b1 h1 bt 0.5 5 24 60(kN )
1)
W2 0.5 b2 h2 bt 0.5 (1,3 0.5) 5 24 48( kN )
2)

7
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

W3 b3 h3 bt 1.25 6.2 24 186(kN )

3)

p lc thng ng do khi t ln mng tng (tnh ton cho 1

mt tng)

W4 b4 h4 1 3.8 5 19 361(kN )
4)
W5 0,5 b5 h5 1 0,5 3.8 tan 25o 3.8 19 16.83( kN )
5)

2.1.2. p lc ngang ch ng

- Ta gi nh phn t p trn b mng sau lng tng

cng l mt phn ca tng chn. Khi ta c lng tng thng

ng coi nh nhn.

- Quy phn ti trng do t p bn trn tng chn v ti

trng ri u sau lng tng chn.

8
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

qo

5000
3800
1250

6200

Chiu cao lp t tng ng quy i l:

So 0.5 3.8 3.8 tan 25o

htd 0.886(m)
b 3.8

Ti trng ri u ca lp t tng ng l:

qo htd 1 0.886 19 16.834(kN / m)

H s p lc t ch ng:

1 28o
K a tan 2 (45o ) tan 2 (45o ) 0.36
2 2

9
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

Cng p lc t ch ng l:

pa K a z qK a 2c1 K a

Vi z = 0 n 6.25m

Ti zo = 0 m
pa qo K a 2c1 K a 16.834 0.36 2 15 0.36 11.94 kN / m 2

Ti z1 = 6.25 m
pa K a z qo K a 2c1 K a 19 0.36 6.25 16.834 0.36 2 15 0.36 30.81( kN / m 2 )

Chiu su (hc) m ti biu Pa = 0 l:

2c1 K a qo K a 2 15 0.36 16.834 0.36
hc 1, 746(m)
1K a 19 0.36

2.1.3. p lc ngang b ng

Pp = 0

2.1.4. Tnh ton cc gi tr p lc ngang EH

qo

11.94
1746
5000

4504

3800
EH
1250

30.81

6200

Biu p lc t

10
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

Tr s p lc t ngang EH: (Tnh vi din tch biu dng)

EH = 0,5 x 4.504 x 30.81 = 69.38(kN)

im t ca EH cch chn tng mt on :

1 1
ta ( H1 H 2 hc ) (1.25 5 1.746) 1.5(m)
3 3

2.1.5. T hp ti trng theo trng thi gii hn s dng

V = W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 + W5

= 60 + 48 + 186 + 361 + 16.83

= 671.83 (kN)

H = EH = 69.38 (kN)

Ly momen vi trng tm y mng :

M = W1.e1 + W2.e2 + W3.e3 - W4.e4 - W5.e5 + EH.e5

M = 60 x 0.95 + 48 x 1.47 + 186x 0 - 361 x 1.2 16.83 x 1.83 +69.38x 1.5

= -232.37 (kN.m)

2.1.6.T hp ti trng theo TTGH cng

Ta lp bng nh sau:

Thnh phn ti Gi tr thnh phn H s ti trng

Tr s
trng ti trng (n)
W1 60 1,25 75
W2 48 1,25 60
W3 186 1,25 232.5
W4 361 1,35 487.35
W5 16.83 1,35 22.7205
EH 69.38 1,5 104.07
T hp ti trng cng :

V= 75+60+232.5+487.35+22.7205 =877.57 (kN)

EH= 104.07 (kN)

M= -301.84 (kN.m)

11
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

2.2. T hp ti trng ti trng tm thn tng.

2.2.1. p lc ng ln tng chn (tnh ton trn 1m tng)

500 W5

1
1

4
at dap

W1
W2 W4

2
Duong oto Dat nen
1100 1300 3800
2
1250

3
W3

6200
500

p lc thng ng do trng lng bn thn tng chn (tnh ton

trn 1 mt tng)

W1 b1 h1 bt 0.5 5 24 60(kN )
1)
W2 0.5 b2 h2 bt 0.5 (1,3 0.5) 5 24 48( kN )
2)
W3 b3 h3 bt 1.25 6.2 24 186(kN )
3)

p lc thng ng do khi t ln mng tng (tnh ton cho 1

mt tng)

W4 b4 h4 1 3.8 5 19 361(kN )
4)

12
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

W5 0,5 b5 h5 1 0,5 3.8 tan 25o 3.8 19 16.83( kN )

5)

2.2.2. p lc ngang ch ng

- Ta gi nh phn t p trn b mng sau lng tng

cng l mt phn ca tng chn. Khi ta c lng tng thng

ng coi nh nhn.

- Quy phn ti trng do t p bn trn tng chn v ti

trng ri u sau lng tng chn.

qo

5000

3800
1250

6200

Chiu cao lp t tng ng quy i l:

13
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

So 0.5 3.8 3.8 tan 25o

htd 0.886(m)
b 3.8

Ti trng ri u ca lp t tng ng l:

qo htd 1 0.886 19 16.834(kN / m)

H s p lc t ch ng:

1 28o
K a tan 2 (45o ) tan 2 (45o ) 0.36
2 2

Cng p lc t ch ng l:

pa K a z qK a 2c1 K a

Vi z = 0 n 5m

Ti zo = 0 m
pa qo K a 2c1 K a 16.834 0.36 2 15 0.36 11.94 kN / m 2

Ti z1 = 5 m
pa K a z qo K a 2c1 K a 19 0.36 5 16.834 0.36 2 15 0.36 22.26(kN / m 2 )

Chiu su (hc) m ti biu Pa = 0 l:

2c1 K a qo K a 2 15 0.36 16.834 0.36
hc 1, 746(m)
1K a 19 0.36

2.2.3. p lc ngang b ng

Pp = 0

2.2.4. Tnh ton gi tr p lc ngang EH

14
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

qo

11.94

1746
5000

3254
3800

1085
22.26
1250

6200

1
22.26 (5 1.746) 36.22kN
2

EH=

im t ca EH cch chn tng 1 on

1 1
ta ( H 2 hc ) (5 1.746) 1.085(m)
3 3

2.2.5.T hp ti trng theo TTGH s dng

V = W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 + W5

= 60 + 48 + 186 + 361 + 16.83

= 671.83 (kN)

H = EH = 36.22 (kN)

Ly momen vi trng tm y mng :

M = W1.e1 - W2.e2 + W3.e3 +W4.e4 + W5.e5 + EH.e5

M = 60 x 0.48 - 48 x 0.463 + 186x 1.08 + 361 x 2.38 + 16.83 x 3.013 +69.38x 1.085

15
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

= 1192.6 (kN.m)

2.2.6.T hp ti trng theo TTGH cng

Ta lp bng nh sau:

Thnh phn ti Gi tr thnh phn H s ti trng

Tr s
trng ti trng (n)
W1 60 1,25 75
W2 48 1,25 60
W3 186 1,25 232.5
W4 361 1,35 487.35
W5 16.83 1,35 22.7205
EH 69.38 1,5 104.07
T hp ti trng cng :

V= 75+60+232.5+487.35+22.7205 =877.57 (kN)

EH= 104.07 (kN)

M= 1192.6 (kN.m)

2.3 Kim ton lt theo trng thi GHC

16
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

qo

11.94
E1
1

5000

5668
3800
E2
2

1501
1250

1250
30.81

6200

Bng tng hp momen chng lt v momen lt i vi mi

tng chn (im A)

Bng momen chng lt

Lc / 1 mt
Cnh tay n Momen / 1 mt
Tn tng
(m) tng (kN.m)
(kN)
W1 60 2.15 129
W2 48 1.633 78.384
W3 186 3.1 576.6
W4 361 4.3 1552.3
W5 16.83 4.933 83.02
Tng momen 2419.304

Bng momen lt

Lc / 1 mt
Cnh tay n Momen / 1 mt
Tn tng
(m) tng (kN.m)
(kN)
E2 69.38 1.501 104.14
Tng momen 104.14

17
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

Kim tra momen chng lt quanh im A:

momenchonglat 2419.304
HSATlat FSlat 23.23 2
momenlat 104.14

Vy, tng chn n nh chng lt quanh im A.

Tng momen:

Mnet = Mchonglat Mlat = 2478.4 104.14 = 2374.26 (kN.m)

2.4. Kim ton n nh trt theo TT GHC

Lc chng trt thng k: (tng lc theo phng thng ng)

Rv = W1 + W2 + W3 + W4 + W5

= 75+60+232.5+487.35+22.7205

= 877.57 (kN)

Lc x ngang thng k: (tng lc theo phng ngang)

Rh = E2 = 69.38 (kN)

Rv 877.57 2
HSATtruotngang FStruotngang tan tan 28o 4.45 1,5
Rh 69.83 3

Vy, tng chn n nh trt ngang.

2.5. Kim ton p lc ln t nn theo TT GHC

lch tm e :

M 301.84 106
e 343.95( mm)
V 877.57 103

Cc kch thc c hiu ca y mng l:

L= L = 1000 (mm) (xt vi 1m di )

B= B 2.e = 6200 2 x 343.95 = 5512.1 (mm)

Khi , sc khng danh nh ca t st bo ha c tnh theo

cng thc:

18
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

qult cN cm g 3 D f N qm 109 ( MPa )

Trong :

Df 1250 B ' 5512.1

0.227 2,5 0 1
B' 5512.1 L'
+ Ta c: ; ;
H 104.07
0,12 0, 4
V 877.57

+ Nc = 5 cho nn t tng i bng

D f B ' H
N cm N c 1 0, 2 1 0, 2 1 1,3
B ' L ' V

5 1 0.2 0.227 1 2 0 1 1,3 0,12 4.41

Ta c: Nqm = 1 ly cho nn t tng i bng

c Su 0.03MPa

qult 0.03 5 9.81 2010 1250 110 9 0.153( MPa)

Kim tra iu kin sc khng ca t nn:

qR . A' b .qult . A' 0.6 0.153 1000 5512.1 506011( N )

Li c: V=877.57kN = 877570 N

qR . A' V

Kt lun : t nn khng kh nng chu ti.

2.8. Kim ton ln nn t theo TT GHSD

ln di y mng:

Hc z'
S Cc log bt
1 eo bt

19
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

Trong : Hc : Chiu dy ca lp t chu nn

z'
: tng ng sut do ti trng ngoi gy ra;
V
z' ki
Fi

V = 671.83 (kN)

Fi = (B + a)(L + a) = (5.5121 + a)(1 + a) (m2)

a l chiu su tnh t y mng ti gia lp tnh ln H c

ki ph thuc t s Z/B v L/B (mng bng)

bt 3 .a 3 20.1(kN / m 3 )
;

cc = 0,12 (MPa)

eo = 0,64

Chia nn t thnh cc lp t c chiu dy h = 1m. Tnh ln vi

trng tm tng lp t.

Ta lp c bng tnh ln sau :

20
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

z'
Hc bt bt / z'
Z (m) a (m) Z/B ki (kN/ Sc (m)
(m)
m2)
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10.0 0.09
1 1 0,5 0.18 6.973 1.441 0.017
5 36
30.1 0.18
2 1 1,5 0.36 7.174 4.2 0.007
5 72
50.2 0.28
3 1 2,5 0.54 6.711 7.49 0.004
5 01
Tng 0.028

T chiu su Z = 3m, ln khng ng k.

Kt lun: Ln ca mng tng l Sc = 0,028 m = 28 mm

21
L Trng Qun (1307596)
BTL_n nh b dc v tng chn B mn a k thut

Ta thy

Fs 3.624 1.4

Tng chn n nh trt tng th.

22
L Trng Qun (1307596)