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Easa Part66 Essay PDF
Easa Part66 Essay PDF
KEY POINTS
1. Plan, collect ideas and points; brainstorm
2. Select key information
3. Logical order
4. Safety first
5. Presentation clearly laid out
6. Collection, selection, order presentation
7. Express your knowledge of the subject
8. Keep it simple (KIS)
9. Spelling not vital
10. Grammar must be adequate
11. Spell out acronyms first time
12. Write headings using strong verbs and nouns
13. Sentence between 10 and 20 words
14. Write in personal style
15. Write plain English
16. Introduction and summary to the point and relevant
-----------------------------1. you are an engineer in charge of a major structural repair describe in detail how you would breif the
oncoming shift with regards to work in progress, materials etc.
2. describe the A.N.O., BCAR's, JAR's and AWN's detailing their relationships with each other and any
awn's related to engineer licencing.
3. an aircraft requires replacement of a P.C.B., explain in detail how you would carry out this task.
4. H.I.R.F. has been attributed to a fault and written in the tech log of an aircraft, explain how you would
inspect and what checks you would carry out to return the aircraft to service.
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Essay Questions
Module 7 (Maintenance Practices)
1. What is an oversize rivet and when would it be used?
2. Discuss the methods of protection against HIRF and the checks/inspections which would be carried out
after a fault was entered in the tech log.
3. You are required to carry out a torque loading. Describe the procedure including all checks and tests to
be carried out.
4. You are required to carry out a bonding test on an aircraft. Describe the procedure including all checks
and tests to be carried out.
5. Describe the procedure to refuel a medium sized passenger jet.
Include all safety checks which should be observed.
6. You are tasked with securing a small 50- seat aircraft due to high winds. How and where would you
picket the aircraft and what checks would you carry out?
7. Describe the procedure for placing a medium sized aircraft into storage for 6 months. Include any
maintenance checks that would
be required.
8. List the precautions before, during and after painting an aircraft.
9. Discuss the precautions you would take, before during and after a windscreen replacement.
10. A fibre reinforced flap has been found damaged (soft spot). What inspections and repairs would you
carryout?
11. What are the benefits of cadmium plating?
12. What is 'Stressed Skin' construction?
What inspections would you carry-out to it during servicing?
13. After a heavy landing, describe what checks you would carry out including what questions you would
ask the flight crew.
14. Describe the procedure for weighing an aircraft. Include all precautions to be taken before during and
after the weighing.
15. Describe the procedure for carrying out a dye-penetrant NDT check on an aircraft component.
16. On carrying out a system check of a stall warning system it is discovered that the first officer's stick
shaker is inoperative. Describe how you would fault find the system and how you would rectify the defect.
17. On trouble shooting an IDG overheat lamp fault, it was discovered that the connector of the IDG had
evidence of overheating. Describe in detail the fault rectification process and how all the work should be
recorded.
18. Describe the procedure for towing an aircraft from the hangar to the line, including all safety aspects.
19. Describe the procedure you would follow to remove corrosion from a component.
20. Describe what you would do if the aircraft had suffered a lightning strike.
21. Describe the different methods of de-icing an aircraft. Include details of types of fluid used.
22. During an engine start it is noticed that the No.2 ignition system is not working. What are you going to
do to fix the problem and what certification (if any) is required?
23. How is safety in the aircraft hangar achieved?
24. Describe the procedure used for trouble shooting a DRIVE light of an IDG?
25. On a walk round inspection you notice smoke/vapour in the starboard wheel well. Describe the actions
you would take and list possible causes.
26. The pilot reports a burning smell from the flight deck air conditioning system. State your actions and
detail possible causes.
27. Describe how you would replace a PCB, and the precautions you would take.
50 % of experience in last year, rest in previous 7 years on corrct aircraft, military experience A plus 6
months B1, B2, 12 months.
8. What are the maintenance requirements of a company under JAR OPS 1:890? Answer includes:
Airworthiness, operational and emergency walkround, wear damage, leakage Tech Log inspection, fluids,
gases, locks and blanks, snow, ice, sand and doors
9. How would you convert BCAR to JAR license?
10. What are the relationships between the ANO, BCARs, JARs and AWNs. List the AWNs that are
applicable to the Licensed aircraft engineer.
11. What are the considerations when moving a private category aircraft into the Commercial Air Transport
category?
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MORE QUESTIONS
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Detail the causes and effects that stress has on an engineer.
2. The captain of your aircraft reports that the First officers stick shaker is inoperative. Explain in detail the
stall warning system and the remedial actions you would take to rectify the fault.
3. The captain reports a generator failure. On inspection you find signs of overheating on the generator
connector. Detail the actions you would take to rectify the fault.
4. Explain what requirements that are to be met before a JAR 66 engineers licence can be issued.
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-------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. Major Repair work is carriny out in the hangar & I am team leader. How will I handover the ongoing
job. Paper work involved??
2. Engine installation in base maintenance. While testing no. 2 ignitor not working. Trouble shoot it.
3. Organisation seeking JAR OPS-Part M. What do JAA need to approve as Maintenance Organisation.
4. HIRF Protection. Pilot reports. How to inspect. Paper work used?
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2. What are the eligibility requirements for a basic Jar 66 engineering licence? What procedure would a
company quality organisation have to go through before issuing a company approval?
3. You have a generator fault caption, and on inspection you find one of the IDG connectors shows signs of
overheating. What rectification action would you take to return the aircraft to a serviceable condition?
4. On testing the stall warning system you notice that the No 2's stick shaker is not working. Describe in
detail the operation of this type of stall warning system, and explain how you would find and rectify the
problem.
Question paper no. 2
1. HIRF, Finding it and dealing with it.
2. A/c comes out of heavy maintenance with no spark at the combustion. What do you do?
3. Shift handovers.
4. How does organisation get JAR 145?
Question paper no. 3
1. Fumes/vapour is seen coming form from the Starboard wheel well. Describe how you would investigate
and rectify this situation.
2. The pilot reports a smell of smoke in the cockpit. Describe how you find and rectify this fault.
3. Describe a handover. Which type of handover is most important and why?
4. How does organisation get JAR 145?
Technica1 log
Every commercial aircraft must have its own and kept for 24 months after last entry
Split into five sections
Section 1 title page. Contains registered name & address of operator & a/c reg.
Section 2 maintenance statement. Contains info on when next service due and also CRS
Section 3 Sector record page. Contains info on every flight. Take offs, landings where from/to. Flying
hours, engine settings. Faults during flight, remedial action, airworthiness incidents. Fluids uplifted (Fuel,
oil, anti-icing)
Section 4 Deferred defects. Section 3 first, investigate then into section 4 if acceptable deferred defect.
Commander to make decision on this section.
Section 5 Info on maintenance including how to contact engineering en route.
Usually paper, sometimes computer or both
Human eye
Most important tool in box
Acts like camera
Taken in through cornea and lens inverted
Hits receptors on retina and generate nerve impulses
Sent to brain (iconic memory) via Optic nerve
Amount of light in eye. Iris changes luminance level up to 5 times and chemical changes in retina up to
150 000 in 30 minutes
Main focal point on retina called Fovea. Main image here. Peripheral images rest of retina
Low light. Eye sees in monochrome (black and white) Good light required for inspections
Susceptible to certain lights. UV wrecks lens and causes solar retinopathy
Blue light wrecks retina. I.e. arc welding
Other problems. Short or long sightedness. Colour blindness (Daltonism) Red/greens catch early and job
matching
Summary. Protect eyes, where prescription glasses/lenses if required and trips to optician. Sunglasses
outside and welding goggles if required.
ETOPS
Extended range twin operations
Purpose is to extend range aircraft: can be away from an operational airfield. Usually 60 minutes with 1
engine out.
ETOPS can extend this to 180 minutes.
CAP 513 covers ETOPS
Granted by CAA after a/c and engines have proven to be reliable and long-range capabilities with one
engine shut down have been established.
Certain systems, hydraulic/electrical generators for example, have to be proven to be reliable and
powerful enough to cope when doing the work of 2 systems for a sustained period when 1 system has
failed.
The MEL will be reduced for ETOPS flights.
The AMS must reflect greater safety standards such as 2 engine teams and dupes for a lot of engine work
Constant monitoring during operation to ensure high safety standards
if a fault occurs, after fixing, next flight cannot be ETOPS. Called a proving flight
If standards are not met ETOPS WILL be withdrawn.
Certificate of Airworthiness
ANO states all a/c must have their own C of A (except gliders and a/c flying under certain conditions) (A
& B for example)
Valid normally for 3 years, period stated on certificate
Apply by sending off old certificate, flight manual, weight and balance report, historical records and the
fee.
The aircraft radio license would also be checked
A/c physically inspected for airworthiness and embodiment of all mods as required by MAMIS
(Mandatory Modification and Inspection Summary) and
AD's or FAD's (Say what they are)
If certificate is being applied for after a major Mod the a/c might need flight test or re weighing. This
would be done under a "Fitness for flight certificate under "A" conditi9n~.
Checks and renewal report (form AD202NR) carried out by authorised person. I.e. somebody who can
issue a Certificate of Maintenance Review. If all OK new C of A (form CA 958NR) issued.
Also fleet testing. A fleet of more than 5 aircraft need only to prove serviceability on 20 % of their aircraft.
List published by JAA of which aircraft can be fleet C of A renewed
On testing stall warning: system No.2 system does not work Describe the system and how you would
rectify the problem
Alerts the pilot of impending stall by shacking control columns
Out of balance ring on motors, at base of control column, which rotate and cause vibration
Inputs to stick shakers from stall warning computer. These receive inputs on flap positions and ADC (air
data computer), which give A of A, and airspeed. These determine when stick should shake
2 stall warning computers. 1 for redundancy. 1 computer operates both shakers
If only no.2 shaker failed to operate, then computer is OK as no.1 is still working.
Check tech log. Something might have disturbed system and fault might be simply a pulled CB faulty
connector or dodgy wiring
If nothing there, then interrogate CMC for faults list
Check fault on F.I.M (Fault Isolation Manual)
Change bits and do functional test i.a.w. Maintenance manual
Do paperwork if changing component looking for Form 1 and no bogus parts
Tidy up FOD and tool check
IssueCRS
Handover
Exchange of information from outgoing to incoming person about specific task or whole area
Written and verbal if possible. As much information as possible
Date, registration, name and signature of off going staff, work area all indicated on handover
Written in duplicate. One at zone and one with work pack. Legal document
Point out any problems or potential problems and next progression stage as well as critical areas that need
working as a priority
Spares situation
Required completion dates
Both parties should be clear of situation by end of handover and fully conversed in the state of the task in
hand or the work area,
All work done should be stamped/signed for.
Tool check carried out and area left tidy. If You leave it tidy, so will they
More complex jobs, a good idea to swap phone numbers
Basic JAR 66 eligibilitv requirements. Procedures company quality department would go through
before issuing a company approval
Over2l
Able to read, write and communicate in language of manuals and technical documentation of company
there are at
B license: - 2 years recent experience and basic JAR 147 training course e.g. Brunel. Or : 3 years recent
experience and appropriate training decided by JAA authority Or 5 years recent experience and no other
training
At least 1 years recent experience on typical aircraft that license is being applied for
50% of 1 year must have been gained in last 12 months and rest in preceding 7 years
Quality department; Responsible for maintaining JAR145 which includes initial approvals and
continuation training,
Do training course on specific type of a/c before approval issued. Various exams including, written,
practical, and oral would be given to students to
ensure adequate levels of competency have been achieved. ~ ~ ~ C) F
Once quality/training happy standards are met. Company approval issued. L C4
Only then are
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Air legislation
1. What is the A.N.O. and what is it for?
2. How is it made up?
3. What articles are of importance to a L.A.E.?
4. How is the A.N.O. carried out?
5. What are B.C.A.R.s?
6. What is Section A?
7. What is section B?
8. What are J.A.R.s?
9. What are airworthiness Notices?
10. What is a C.R.S.?
11. What is a Certificate of airworthiness?
12. How do I renew it?
Airframes
1. Show me how a wing achieves lift
2. How do we increase lift?
3. What is induced drag?
4. What do vortex generators do?
5. How do we pressurise an a/c?
6. What effect does this have on the airframe?
7. How do we control the pressure?
8. What safeguards negative cabin pressure?
9. How do we heat the a/c?
10. If I roll the a/c to the left what are the ailerons doing?
11. Do they move the same distance up as they do down?
12. What is induced yaw?
13. Show me how a wing is constructed
14. How is a spar constructed to be fail safe?
15. Draw me a simple aileron control system
16. How are flaps moved?
17. What is flap asymmetry?
18. How do we protect against this?
19. Explain a simple fuel system
20. What fabrics are used in fabric a/c?
21. How do we tension linen and newer fabrics?
22. What problems are there with using wood? Diseases etc?
23. Where are the drain holes?
24. Why is plywood a good material? (can change grain direction for strength in all directions)
25. Explain how a simple hydraulic system works
26. What is the accumulator for?
27. How do we re-charge it?
Propellers
1. What types of props are there?
2. What is the benefit of having variable pitch propellers?
3. What stresses act on a propeller?
4. What is torque?
5. How do we measure the propeller torque?
Gas Turbines
1. Explain with a drawing a gas turbine, starting at the front.
2. Where do we measure pitot pressure?
3. What is the average Px increase per stage in an axial flow compressor?
4. What is stall?
5. What is surge?
6. How do V.I.G.V. do their job?
7. How do bleed valves work?
8. What are the holes in the combustion chamber called?
9. What are swirl vanes for?
10. What precautions must you take when installing a new burner?
11. Why would you boroscope a combustion chamber?
12. Would you receive a brand new engine with a crack in the combustion chamber? (yes this can occur
during manufacturing, and testing and can be in limits still)
13. Would you inspect nozzle guide vanes for cracks?
14. Why arent N.G.V.s cooled? (because theyre not susceptible to the same stresses an a rotating turbine)
15. How do we cool turbine blades?
16. What inputs are received by the F.C.U.?
17. How do we start a gas turbine?
18. Explain an engine run assuming all fire precautions have been taken care of, what am I looking out for?
19. When do bleed valves work? (wants to know rotational speeds)
20. How would you know there was an impending surge?
21. What would you suspect if you smelt fuel when topping up the oil?
22. What do you know about single grain crystal, turbine blades?