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Calculation For Hull Strength Construction in Offshore Structures
Calculation For Hull Strength Construction in Offshore Structures
Department of Marine Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Rivers State Nigeria.
b
Department of Mechanical/Marine Engineering, Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria.
Abstract
Ship classification societies such as Det Norske Veritas, American Bureau of Shipping, and Lloyd's
Register have established standard calculation forms for hull loads, strength requirements, thickness
of hull plating, reinforcing stiffeners, girders, and other structures. This paper therefore used the
relevant International Standards to compute, determine scantlings to obtain a good structural rigidity
and the estimation of the weight of all components. With the help of the Classification of Ships Rule and
Regulation Part 2 and 3, No 3 of Lloyds Register, various formulae were used to obtain various
thickness of plates (side, bulk, deck etc) and frames. Results show that the maximum stress on the 5000
tonnes work barge should be 83.33 MN / m 2 while Maximum stress on deck and base were
548.54 MN / m 2 and 304.1MN / m 2 respectively.
Keywords: Lloyds Register, Hull strength, Maximum stress, Bulkhead, Double bottom
________________________________________________________________________________________
1.0
Introduction
1.1
Ship Hull Structure Elements
The structural configuration of a barge
does not differ much from other marine
vessels. Most of the structural features are
common to all vessel types [5]. The key
structural elements of a ship's main hull with
all parts labeled are shown in Figure 1.
The arrangement of the structural member
must often involve a compromise with the
other consideration such as space,
arrangement, cargo handling or access.
From [6], bulkheads are stiffened-plated
structures primarily subjected to normal
loads and secondary loads. There are three
general types of bulkheads namely, tank
boundaries, ordinary water tight bulkheads
and miscellaneous non- watertight divisions,
all of which perform an important function
in general strength and rigidity of the entire
hull structure.
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
2.1
Structural Analysis
In the design of ships, the structural
analysis is to create structural elements with
2.3
d DB = 32B + 190 d
(2)
t = ( 0.008d DB + 4 ) k
(3)
Where
d
=
molded draft
B
=
breadth of the vessel
For transverse frame thickness is given by
the relation
t = ( 0.008d DB + 1 ) k
(4) by
For longitudinal frame thickness is given
the relation
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
t = ( 0.0075d DB + 1 ) k
(5)
2.4
(6)
Side Plate
2.5
Bulkheads
S = Space of member
2.6
Stiffness
2.7
Section Modulus
Stress =
Force ( Load )
Unit Area ( m 2 )
2. Factor Of Safety =
Yield Stress
Max Design Stress
(10)
(11)
=
M
= BS
Bending moment
Sectional Modulus
Unit Stress
M
(15)
M B C
=
I
(16)
Where
C is the distance from the neutral axis (a line
parallel to the base line from the Centriod of
all the effective longitudinal strength
members comprising the section) .I is the
Sectional moment of inertia about the
neutral axis
Height of Neutral Axis hNA
ah
a
(17)
This implies the height above the keel.
Second moment of area at the half section
above base
= ah 2 + I 0
(18)
Parallel axis term = a h 2 NA
(19)
INA = Second moment of area of half section
about the base parallel axis term
ZDeck
I NA Full
ShipHeight
I NA
(20)
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
Z Base
I NA Full
hNA
Yield Stress
Factorof Safety
(21)
(22)
KS1
Sb
D + 2.3 - T
C =
Height of Deck Above Load Line At F .P.
6 + 2.3 - 4.5
C =
= 2.53
1 .5
L
S b = s tan dard frame spacing = 470 +
0.6
For forward of 0.05L from F.P.
By substituting, we have
80
Sb = 470 +
= 603mm
0.6
Hence
standard
frame spacing is
approximately 600mm
S1 = Spacing of secondary stiffness =
600mm
K = 0.66 (from table)
Therefore substituting into Equation 1
t = ( 6.5 + 0.02 80 )2.53
0.66 600
= 16.65mm
600
t = ( 0.008d DB + 4 ) k
= ( 0.008 1363.1 + 4 ) 0.66
= 12.11mm
From equation 4, transverse frame thickness
becomes
t = ( 0.008d DB + 1 ) k
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
c.
Side Plate
The plate thickness is given from equation
7
t = ( 6.5 + 0.03 L )
KS 1
Sb
80m
0.66 600
t = ( 6.5 + 0.033 80 )
600
= 7.43mm
Selected thickness for side plate t = 10mm
Steel plate thickness (t) =10mm
Length (L)
= 80mm
Height (D)
= 6m
Number of plate
=2
Mass = t L B PlateNumbe r
= 0.01 80 6 7.89 2
= 75.74tonnes
d.
Aft Side Plate
Steel plate thickness (t) = 10mmBreadth (B) = 30m
Height (D)
= 6m
Number of Plate = 1
Mass = t L B PlateNumbe r
= 0.01 30 6 7.89 1
= 14.20tonnes
e.
Fore Side Plate 1
Steel thickness (t)
=
Breadth
(B)
=
Height (D)
=
Number of plate
=
10mmm
30m
1.5m
1
f.
Fore Side Plate 2
Length (L)
= 6.73m
Steel plate thickness (t)
= 10mm
Breadth
(B)
= 30m
Height (D)
= 6.73m
Number of plate
=1
Density
=
7.89tonnes/m3
Mass = 0.01 30 6.73 7.89 1
= 15.93tonnes
g.
Bulkheads calculations
Bulkhead thickness given from equation 8;
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
t = 0.004Sf
h4 K
hA
2500 S
= Tank head
t 8.0 mm
f = 1 .1 -
hA
= 600mm
t=
0.004Sf
= 8mm
Therefore,
t=
h4 K (mm)
Mass = t L B PlateNumbe r
= 0.08 6 30 7.89 1
= 68.17tonnes
h. Stiffness calculation
From part 4, chapter 6, section 4(12), we
have it that longitudinal stiffness for deck;
Longitudinal Stiffness for Deck
Breadth
= 30m
Number of stiffness = 50
Section 152 102 8 = 15.35 Kg / m
Mass = 80 15.35 50 = 61.4tonnes
Transverse Stiffness for Deck
Transverse space
= 600
Length of transverse
= 30m
Number of stiffness
= 134
Section
= 15.35Kg/m
= 61.7 tonnes
Mass = 80 15.35 50
600
Height
f = 1 .1
= 1 . 081
2500 12 . 5
Longitudi nal stiffness
Length
of stiffness
Selected f 1.0
Therefore,
Number of plate
t=
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
t = 6.0mm
Breadth =27m
Height = 3m
Number of plate = 2
Mass = 0.006 27 3 2 7.89
= 7.67tonnes
Frames
Longitudinal frames thickness = 10mm
Longitudinal Stiffness on Bottom Plate
Total frame = 6
(Double)
Total length = 50m
Breadth
= 30m
Number of plate = 2
Length of longitudinal
= 75m
= 21.3tonnes
Number of bottomMass
plate = 50 0.01 6= 27.89 2 450
Transverse
frame thickness = 10mm
Mass = 75 15.35 50 2 = 115.1tonnes
Total frame
= 3
Total
length
=
28mm
Transverse Stiffness of Bottom Plate
Number of plate
= 2
(Double)
Mass
=
28
0
.
01
7
.
89
2
450
Breadth
= 30m
= 5.96 tonnes
Length of transverse
= 30m
Number of transverse
= 134
3.1 Strength Analysis
Number of plate
=2
Ultimate tensile strength
Mass = 30 15.35 134 2 = 123.4tonnes
400 - 495MN/m2 = 26 - 32 tonnes/m2
Yield stress
Longitudinal Stiffness on Bulkhead
230 - 250MN/m2 = 15 - 16 tonnes/m2
Number of longitudinal = 10
Shearing strength = 22 tonnes/m2
Length of longitudinal = 80m
From Barge Section in Table 1,
Number of bulkheads = 2
Height of Neutral Axis hNA
Mass = 10 15.35 80 2 = 24.6 tonnes
Transverse Stiffness on Bulkhead
Number of transverse =
134
Length of transverse =
6m
Number of bulkhead =
2
Mass = 6 15.35 134 2 = 24.7 tonnes
ah
a
0.95416
= 2.14 m
0.44682
Items
Strength deck
Longitudinal
stiffness
Side
plating
Longitudinal
Side stiffness
Bottom plating
5.0
5.4 10
102 102 7.8
0.054
0.00224
0.2
2.39
0.0108
0.0054
0.00216
0.0129
0.009224
0.294
0.44652
14.39
3
0.0326
0.882
0.95416
0.4134
2.646
3.141
Conclusion
6.1728
0.1728
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
10
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
[10]
[11]
References
Douglas, I. E. (2001), Lecture Note, Ship Design and Construction, Marine Engineering Project,
Faculty of Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
McDermott, J. (2000), CMC 450-10 Offshore Support Barge Vessels, International Barges, Available
online: http:www.jrayrncdermott. co m/services/vessel/crnc 45 09-10.Htm (2004,Feb 23)
Ogbonnaya E.A. (2004), Modelling Vibration-Based Faults in Rotor Shaft of a Gas Turbine, PhD
Thesis, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Port Harcourt
Ogbonnaya E.A (2013), Amphoterism in Combating Corrosion on Hulls of Offshore Floating
Equipment, SNAME, Ship Production Seminar, Bellevue, Washington, USA, November 2013.
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strength_of_ships.
Douglas, I. E. (1996), Technical Report, Re-design / Design Modification on Helideck Platform for the
Victory J316 Barge. Oil and Industrial Service Limited, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
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Sales and Customer Service, Friedrichstrae 80, 79618, L 2.06/3-KH, Rheinfelden Germany,
www.alurheinfelden.com
Samson, N., Ogbonnaya, E.A and Ejabefio, K.A (2013), Stability Analysis for the Design of 5000
Tonnes Work Barge, International Journal of Engineering and Technology (IJET), Volume 3 No. 9,
September, 2013, pp. 849-857
Lloyds Register (1997), Classification of Ship Rules and Regulations, Part 3: Ship Structure, London.
Lloyds Register (1997), Classification of Ship Rules and Regulations, Notice No 3: Effective Dates of
Latest Amendment, London.
Richard G.B. and Keith J.B. (2011), Shigleys Mechanical Engineering Design, 9th edition, McGraw
Hill, New York, U.S.A. pp. 31-71
Appendix A: Summary of Components, Scantlings, Thickness and Weight
Structural Components
Scantlings (mm)
Thickness (mm)
Quantity (No)
Weight (Tonnes)
75
30 15
15
75
298.4
10
75
184.6
3. Deck plate
30 10
80 30 17
17
80
346.8
4. Side plate
80
10
80
75.74
75
6 10
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
11
10
30
3.55
1.5 10
30 6.73 10
10
30
15.93
7. Aft plate
30
6 10
10
30
14.2
30
152
102 7.8
50
75
57.5
152
102 8.0
50
80
61.4
3800
80
60.6
3800
80
88.04
152
89 8
20
80
24.6
152
89 8
264
24.288
152
20
15
4.6
15.
,,
60
30
27.6
16.
,,
30
7.5
3.6
152
102 8
408
37.536
152
89 8
20
24.6
152
89 8
266
24.472
508
102
10
21
Different length
15.52
451
102
21
Different length
11.28
406
127
14
Different length
6.08
406
102
14
Different length
5.68
406
102
36
96
10.28
152
108
80
7.2
152
108
152
80
7.2
152
10
12
1.728
152
152
10
30
4.32
24
3.4
2.4
152
152
10
80
5.76
152
102
50
80
31
152
102
50
80
31
152
102
266
30
61.18
West African Journal of Industrial and Academic Research Vol.8 No.1 September 2013
12