TIGRAI DEVELOPMENT ASSOCIATION (TDA)

A PROJECT PROPOSAL ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF DRY LATRINE

FACILITY, ESTABLISHMENT OF POTABLE WATER AND SUPPLY OF
SCHOOL FURNITURE TO PRIMARY SCHOOLS OF TIGRAI

October, 2009

Mekele, Tigrai, Ethiopia

 Project Profile

1. Project Title: Construction of dry latrine, establishment of potable water

points and supply of school furniture to primary schools of
Tigrai

2. Type of the Project: This project deals with the procurement and supply of
school furniture, construction of dry latrine facilities and
establishment of potable water points in lower primary
schools of Tigrai in order to mitigate the lower
participation rate and the incidence of water borne
diseases within the school community

3. The Project Implementing Organization:

Name of the organization: Tigrai Development Association (TDA)

Contact person: Ambassador Tewolde Gebru, Executive Director of TDA

Address: P. O. Box: 469

Telephone: 034-440-63-75/034-440-26-71
Cell phone: 0914 30-01-81/0911-20-08-17
Fax: 034-440-79-77
Town/City: Mekele, Tigrai, Ethiopia

4. Funding Agency: UNICEF

5. Project Location:

Region: Tigrai
Zone: North Western, Western, Central, South Eastern, Eastern and
Southern Zones of Tigrai
District: A total of 46 weredas

6. Beneficiaries Information:
The direct beneficiaries of one First Cycle Primary School
are 400 school going children every year and the indirect
beneficiaries are rural dwellers estimated at 2,500. Therefore,
there will be a total of 2900 project beneficiaries every year in
one primary school

7. Project Duration: 6 months after grants are secured

8. Total Project Cost: Birr 335,252 (USD 26,820

(This is including the cost for one segregated toilet for girls)

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1. Executive Summary

Ethiopia, in its walk to ensure Universal Primary Education, has been expanding
primary education in the rural and urban areas throughout the country. The
efforts made to expand primary education has significantly improved access to
primary education which is measured in Gross Enrollment Rate (GER), Net
Enrollment Rate (NER) and Home to School Distance (HSD).

However, despite improving access the expansion of primary education has

entailed problems that disturb the smooth functioning of the learning and
teaching environment. Majority of the primary schools constructed suffered from
lack of internal school facilities /furniture, dry latrine pits and potable water
supply/.

In Tigrai, these problems are more acute. According to the statistics from the
Tigrai Regional Bureau of Education, the total number of governmental and non
governmental primary schools increased from 1,049 in 2004 to 1,775 in 2008. As
a result, home to school distance ranged from 3.1 in grade one to 5.06 to grade
eight. Whilst access to primary education has been continuously improving from
time to time, there exist apparent problem of school furniture, dry latrine pits and
potable water supply placing heavy challenges to the smooth functioning of the
school environment.

The problem is so extensive that covers most of the rural schools in Tigrai and
given the resource limitation of Tigrai Regional National State; it requires the
involvement of all development actors. In 2008, we had more than 700 temporary
shelter Das schools and TDA conducted a very successful Telethon with the
theme From Das to class to alleviate the problem. In this telethon, TDA was
successful in changing about 350 of these schools to normal buildings with the
assistance of its members and the community.

However, these schools do not have furniture, water facilities and segregated
toilet for girls. TDA will continue to work in strong collaboration with donors,
supporters and association members at home and abroad. This project is
proposed to meet the felt needs of the primary schools of Tigrai for school
furniture, dry latrine pits and potable water supply.

This project deals with the procurement and supply of school furniture,
construction of dry latrine facilities and establishment of potable water points in
lower primary schools of Tigrai in order to mitigate the lower participation rate
and the incidence of water borne diseases within the school community. The
average cost for these three facilities for one primary school including the cost for
segregated toilet for girls is Birr 335,252 (USD 26,820). The need is quite
enormous because it is the demand of more than 700 primary schools in Tigrai.
However, UNICEF is now requested to cover part of the project cost based on its
interest and budget.

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2. Special Accomplishments of Tigrai Development Association (TDA) in
Education

Tigrai Development Association (TDA) is a community based civil society

organization registered as a legal NGO in the Ministry of Justice of the Federal
Democratic Republic of Ethiopia in September 1998 by all the Provisions of the
Civil Code of Ethiopia Legal Notice Number 321 of 1960 with a certificate bearing
number of 280 that is renewed every year.

Since its inception in August 1989, TDA implemented over 3,000 projects using
the resources pooled from different sources in the last 20 years. These projects
improved the livelihood of a very plenty number of poor people and thus
contributed to poverty reduction.

Majority of TDAs commitments are in the areas of education, health and skill
training. However, in line with the thematic area of this proposal, the special
accomplishments of TDA in education sector are outlined as follows:

Constructed and furnished 127 primary schools, and started the

construction of 500 primary schools to convert them from temporary
makeshift to standard school buildings using the fund generated during
the successful TDA Telethon event.
Provided grant to 750 primary schools for the execution of school
improvement/development plan
Constructed additional classrooms in 12 secondary schools
Rehabilitated 16 war affected primary schools
Conducted school feeding program in 80 drought-affected schools
Implemented Basic Education system Overhaul (BESO I) and Basic
Education Strategic Objectives (BESO II) projects for 10 years with the
assistance of USAID, which benefited over 1,000 primary schools
Running Community School Partnership Program in 150 primary schools,
which focuses on education, health and sanitation
Constructing libraries in 7 secondary schools
Supplied equipment, chemicals and books to 14 secondary schools
Initiated and implemented tutorial program in all junior and secondary
schools
Established and is running one special boarding high school around
Mekele for talented students
Constructed and strengthened 11 public libraries
Renovated and established Internet Cafe in 14 public libraries
Conducted prize award programs to encourage healthy academic
competition among students
Implemented functional adult literacy project among 9,000 adults

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 Implemented Ambassadors Girls Scholarship Program to reduce socio-
cultural impediments of girls and womens success in secondary
education
Currently launching a new project to support about 2,000 OVCs with the
support from USAID and World Learning Ethiopia.

3. Problem Statement:

Access to primary education has been increasing from year to year. The number
of governmental and non-governmental primary schools has increased from
1049-1775 within the five years included between 2003/04-2007/08.
Consequently, GER for grade one through grade eight has reached 106.26% for
boys, 105.53% for girls and 105.9% on the average for both sexes. Similarly,
NER has grown to 93.03% for boys, 95.14 for girls and 94.07 % on the average
for both sexes. Home to school distance has also been reduced to a range of 3.1
km in grade one to 5.06 km in grade eight. (TREB: 2008).

The progress achieved in improving access to primary education is attributable

primarily to the commitment of the federal and regional governments, and the
other stakeholders involved in education sector development initiative to achieve
Universal Primary Education (UPE); Goal 2 of the Millennium Development Goal
(MDG). Nonetheless, according to the official statistics of Tigrai Regional Bureau
of Education (2008), the governmental primary schools operating in Tigrai are
suffering from problem of lack of internal school facilities /furniture, toilet facilities
and potable water supply/.

In 2008, there were more than 700 temporary shelter Das schools in Tigrai and
TDA conducted a very successful Telethon with the theme From Das to class
to alleviate the problem. In this telethon, TDA was successful in changing about
350 of these schools to normal buildings with the assistance of its members and
the community. Out of the total number of governmental schools, 48% are
without proper furniture, 88% of them lack dry latrine facilities and 78% of them
lack potable water facility.

The effect of these problems is creating school environment which is not

comfortable to school age children. The absence of potable water facilities is
exposing school children to waterborne diseases. Generally, waterborne
diseases such as typhoid, cholera, and a wide array of fatal diarrheal ill-nesses
are responsible for the deaths of young children in areas where there is low
access to potable water and toilet facility. Most of these diseases and resulting
deaths would be quickly eliminated with safe water supplies and dry latrine
facilities

The absence of school furniture, dry latrine facilities and potable water facilities
reduces the participation of school age children of both sexes, forces students to
dropout from their education and makes it difficult for children to effectively grasp

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their lessons and thus increases student repetition and dropout rates. It is also
important to note that these problems affect the girls more than the boys.

4. Project Objectives

A. General (overall) Objective: The overall objective of the project is to

contribute towards alleviating the problems of primary schools and improve
the access, equity and quality of education in Tigrai.

B. Specific Objectives: The specific objective of the project is to create

attractive learning environment that stimulates increased participation of
students at school level; reduce repetition and dropout rate by 2 and 3
percent at school level respectively every year.

5. Project Strategies

The project will follow the following strategies.

- Use formal biding system to select the least cost bidder for
procurement of the school furniture, construction of dry latrine
facilities and establishment of potable water facilities based on
TDAs working manuals
- Use TDAs engineers to secure quality and timely implementation
- Work in collaboration with the regional and respective educational
offices at wereda level to monitor the progress of project
implementation (to see that they fulfill the standards and
specifications of the Regional Education Bureau.
- Involve the community at all levels to secure sustainability of the
services

6. Beneficiaries of the Project

As per the standards of the Tigrai Regional Educational Bureau a First Cycle
Primary School (1-4) is supposed to provide learning opportunities to 400 school
going children. These are direct beneficiaries from the project in terms of using
the learning opportunities created. Nonetheless, an average of 2,500 rural
households dwelling in the villages around the beneficiary primary school will
also be indirect beneficiaries, who are expected, be impacted in terms of having
their livelihoods improved.

7. Project Description and Major Activities

The activities of this project are procurement and supply of school furniture to
beneficiary schools, construct dry latrine facilities and establish shallow water
well facilities in the schools. The procurement of the school furniture and the
construction of the dry pit latrine facilities shall be accomplished as per the

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standards and specification of the Ministry of Education. The water wells will be
dug and the distribution points will be established following the formal bidding
procedures of TDA and in consultation with the respective school communities.

To accomplish this task, TDA will pursue formal bidding separately for the three
activities. Continuous supervision and follow up is also another very important
activity.

TDA in strong collaboration with the respective Wereda Education Offices and
School Administrations will be responsible for the monitoring of the
implementation of the project activities.
In accordance with the reporting terms of the project agreement to be signed
between TDA and the donor, TDA will send regular status report and
final/completion report to the donor.

8. Project Outputs

Schools furnished with the necessary student desks and other school
furniture
Dry latrine facilities with four pits constructed
Dry latrine facilities segregated for girls constructed
Functional potable water distribution points established

9. Expected project outcomes

Conducive environment for teaching learning process created

Access, equity and quality of education improved

10. Project cost

The cost summary for one school is as follows

SN Type of facility Cost for one Cost for one

school in Birr school in USD
1 School furniture 83,300 6,664
2 Dry pit latrine 80,976 6,478
3 Segregated toilet for girls 80,796 6,478
4 Shallow well potable water facility 90,000 7,200
5 Total for one school 334,892 26,820

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10.1 School furniture

The following table provides total cost of furniture for one school.

No Description of the School Furniture Total cost

1 84 combined desks 63,840
2 1 office shelf 1,000
3 2 sponge chairs 1,360
4 2 office desks 3,400
5 4 teachers table 4,400
6 4 teachers chairs 2,000
7 1 record cupboard 3,500
8 4 blackboard 3,200
9 1 notice board 600
Total Birr 83,300

10.2 Cost for potable water for one school

The average cost for the construction of one shallow well facility is Birr 90,000
(USD 7,377)

10.3 Cost for dry pit latrine

The following is the cost for one dry pit latrine facility

Major Activities Involved Total Cost

Excavation and Earth Work 6005.60
Concrete Work(Substructure) 9416.00
Masonry Work 13900.00
Concrete Work (Superstructure) 12950.00
Block and masonry Work 5720.00
Roofing 5710.00
Carpentry 2814.00
Metal Work 3600
Finishing Works 17361.00
Painting 2200.00
Electrical Installation 1300.00
Total Birr 80,976.06