Thermo Fall 2016

Thermo Notes

1 8-26-16
Systems
Def: A specific part of the universe with very distinct boundaries.
Equilibrium-state functions are connected by the equation of state.
Dynamic changes between two states in called a Process, ie a transform of the system between
different states. This means we need to know all of the intermediate states.
A Process can be reversible or irreversible.
To be reversible every state in the process must be a equilibrium state.
Transfer of heat isnt reversible.

P=0: Isobaric
T=0: Isothermal
V=0: Isochoric
Q=0: Adiabatic

Def of Heat (Again): heat is an energy transferred from one system to another because of temperature
difference
Heat is not temperature or internal energy, because heat is not a state function.
Heat is defined to be with respect to the system.
So if Q system: Q 0: positive.
So if Q sytem: Q 0: negative

Heat Capacity =Cp

Cp = lim of Q/T bar p=constant
Random home work problem Qa + Qb = 0

2 8-29-16
Shit about work.

There are 2 degrees of freedom in a gas.

Mechanical work is done by a force on a point of application in the direction of the force
Electromagnetic work is done by a E or M field, to change the dipole moment

W 0 Energy leaves the system

W 0 Energy enters the system

In-Probem: Completed cycle: (V P ) .5

A B: positive (1.5)PV
B C: 0
C A: negative PV

1
3 8-31-16
First Law of Thermodynamics:
1. All systemshave an internal energy state function U

2. U is changed by heat transferred to or from the system and by the work done by or on the system
3. U = Q -W
Answer to in class problem: Tf = Ti
Application 2:

1. W = P dV
2. W = P V
3. 105 (1.8 13 = 180 kJ/kg

4 9-2-16