.

.


.
.

/ .

.

.

:

.. .

.


 .
.
.

.

.

Superelevation Widening

.

1




.

....

) (
.

) 40 ( .
.

) 16 25(.
) ( .

)12
16( .

1 1 Design Classes



.
 ) (1 .

-2
2 1 Design Speed

.
.
2 2 Running Speed

) ( .
2 3 .Average Spot Speed

.
 ) (2

) /( ) /(
Average Running Speed Design Speed
45 50
53 60
61 70
68 80
75 90
81 100
88 110
94 120
100 130
106 140
2 4 Design Speed Standards


.
) (3


) / ( ) /(
)
50 30
(LOCAL

60 50 ) COLLECTOR
(

100 80
-
90 70 -
60 50 -

120 90
) ( Expressway

3
Highway Capacity & Level of Service
3 1

.
3 2


) (4 .
) (4
Two Lanes
-
93/ -
90




-
.
420/
.


88 / .


70
. 0.27
750 /
0.10 .
. 0.80
84/

43 50
. . .


.
1200 /


80/ .
40
64




.
1800 /
.

33 72/


2800 /
.
)(
)-0.70

(1.00
)( )( . 0.95
.
72
 25 33 /

2000
. .
:
.
.
.
.
.
.
) (5



)C(
)C(
)D(

4
4 1 )( Sight Distance


.
4 1 1 )(Stopping Sight Distance

)(6
) . ( 2
4 1 2 ) (Passing Sight Distance


. ). (2
) (6
 ) (7

)(
/
9 6 3
6 4 2 40
10 6 3 50
18 10 5 60
26 15 7 70
* 21 9 80
* 29 12 90
* 38 16 100
*
: 50/
3
)( : ) (6 65
) (7 = 68 = 3 + 65 .
: 60/ .
)( : ) (3

420 . ) ( 6 420 .
4 1 2

) . (1-4
) ( 2-4 .

.
 4 1 4

. 1.07
15 1.30
.
4 1 4 1 )(Crest Curve
)(1
L = Kc X A ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1

= L
)Kc= (8
=A

) (8 K c
) ( Kc
) /(
90 5 40
130 15 50
180 18 60
250 31 70
310 49 80
390 71 90
480 105 100
570 151 110
670 202 120
) ( : 40 / 4 - 3 +

) (8 Kc 40 / .5
A = | (3) - (- 4)| = 7
L = 5 x 7 = 35 m
10 40 .
4 1 4 2 ) ( Sag Curve
)(2
L = Ks x A ..2

= L
 )Ks = (9
= A
)(Ks
8 40
12 50
18 60
25 70
32 80
40 90
51 100
62 110
73 120
) ( : 40 / 3 -3 +
.
) (9 K s 40 / 8
A = | (-3) - (3 ) | = 6
m L = 6 x 8 = 48

50 .

5
Horizontal Alignment
5 1 Superelevation
Superelevation

). (3

:
= R
/ = V
= f
/ = e
) ( 100 / 4

) (11 0.12
)(3
492 10 500 .
 ) (10


)/
) /(
(
0.10 0.08
0.10 0.08
0.12 0.08
0.12 0.10
) (11



0.12 0.10 0.08 0.06
/
45 45 50 55 0.17 40
70 75 85 90 0.16 50
105 115 125 135 0.15 60
150 160 175 195 0.14 70
195 210 230 250 0.14 80
255 275 305 335 0.13 90
330 360 395 440 0.12 100
415 455 500 560 0.11 110
540 595 655 755 0.09 120
635 700 785 885 0.09 130
770
860 965 1100 0.08 140

5 1 1

) ). ((6


) ) (7)( (8

=A
, =B
=C
=D
 5 1 2 Superelevation Development
.
Transition Curve .

).(12
5 1 3

) (
.

.



.
) (12

)( ) / (
0.74 40
0.66 50
0.59 60
0.54 70
0.50 80
0.47 90
0.44 100
0.41 110
0.38 120
0.36 130
0.34 140
)(4

= L
) /( =e
= w
) r = ( 12
)( 80 / 7.30
0.10 /
) (4 73 .
)( 50
30 .
5 2 Transition Curves
 ) (

.
.
.
:
) L = 0.0702 V3 / ( RXC
=L
) /( =V
)( =R
)/ -1)( 3
=C
(3
5 3
) ( 10 9
) .( radians

5 4 Curve Widening
.
) ( 14 .
). (11
 5 7
.


.
:
.1

.
.



.
.2
.

.
.3 .
.

.
.4
150 5
30 .
.5 .




.
 .6

1.5 .
.7



60 .
.8 )
(



. 500

. 250 .
.9
.
.

.10
500 1000
.

6
.

.
) ( .


.

6 1

0.5
.
0.3 .
.
) ( 15
). (16
 6 2
.
.
.

.

7
Vertical Curves

.
.

.

7 1 Heavy Grades
) (Profile
) . ( ))
passenger car
.
7 2
10 ) ( Profile
.
7 3

5.5
10 .
 7 4

7 5

.
) (15 .

7 6
:
.1



.
 .2

.

.

.

.
) .3
( .
.4


.
.5
.
.
. .6

8 .
.
.
.

.
8 1 .

.


.
:

.




.

:
.1



.
.2
.

.
.3



.
.4
. .
.
.
.5


.
.6
.
8 2

.


2500 :1 2000: 1 1000:1
.
.

.








.

.
.


.
.

.

9
9 1

.
.

.
3.65 3.35
.
9 2


.
.
.. 1.5
.
9 3


.

.
) (Shoulder
. 2.50
6.50 .

3.00
.
9 4 Frontage Roads


.
9 4 1 Location Of Frontage Road

. .
9 4 2 Outer Separation

.
.
9 4 3 Terminals
.
 9 5


).(17 ) (18
) (17 .

2


3

2

3
2.50

2.00 1.25


..

) (18
)( )(
3.25 2.50
3.65 2.50
3.65 2.00

) ( 22 18
 9 6 Side Slope

. ) (19
) (1 :2 .
) (
)(



1:3 1:6 1:3 1:6 1:4 1:6
10
1: 4 1: 4 1: 4 1: 4 1: 6 1:6
1:2 1:3 1:2 1:3 1:3 1:4
1-3
1: 3 1: 3 1: 4 1: 4 1: 4 1: 4
1:2 1:3 1:2 1:3 1:2 1:3
53
1 : 1.5 1: 3 1: 3 1: 4 1: 3 1: 4
1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2 1:2
5
1 : 1.5 1:2 1:2 1:3 1:2 1: 3

10
.
.
.
.

. .
.
10 1 :

22.5 15
1 3
2 8


. 50 60
.
10 2 .

10 15 1:1 1:2

.
) (23 .

11 .

.
1.5 .

.


.

12 .


.

.
.
.
.

.
.


.
.
.

.
 .



50
.
.

.
.



.

13 .

.



. .
13 1
3 12
) (Through Traffic



12
.

.



.
3 .
13 2

7 4
. 7
4 8
.
) (
3 1
3 1 2
.
13 3

.

.
13 4
.



.
)
(
.
.

.
5


.

.
)
( 0.50 0.60
.

14
GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF ROUNDABOUT

.

60 40 )
60 ( .
14 1 FLARE DESIGN AT ENTRY
) ( Approach Lanes
30 95 . )
. (24
14 2 ENTRY WIDTH


3.65 4.60 .
.
. ).(25
14 3 CIRCULATING WIDTH

.
 ) ) . ((26
. ) ( ROUNDABOUT
15 28
.

14 4 INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER

. 30.5 WB -
50
) ) ( (27 .
14 5 EXITS
.

.
14 6 SPLITTER ISLANDS
.
. ). (28
14 7 DEFLECTION
.
45 / .
:
.
.
. )(29

.
) 2.15( 131 .
48/ . )(30
.

) (
. ). (31
 14 8 :
40 48 /
. ) (20
.

) ( 20

) ( )/(
18.50 20.00
30.50 24.00
55.00 32.00
88.50 40.00
131.00 48.00
14 9 SIGHT DISTANCE
.
). (32
) : ( 1
.

) : (2 ) ( YIELD
.
) : (3
YIELD.
14 10 INSCRIBED CIRCLE DIAMETER
29 91.4 .
) ( BUS 29

40
50
) ... ( . ) (33
.

:
.
.
) 1 ( 2 .
.
1 .
.
.

) ( 21 )(

) ( ) ( ) (
6.60 5.20 91.4
6.60 5.20 85.3
6.90 5.20 79.2
7.00 5.30 73.2
7.30 5.30 67.1
7.60 5.50 61.0
7.80 5.50 57.9
8.10 5.60 54.9
8.40 5.80 51.8
8.70 5.90 48.8
9.10 6.10 45.7
9.60 6.20 42.7
10.20 6.4 39.6
11.1 6.70 36.6
12.3 7.00 33.5
* 7.00 30.5
* 7.20 29.0
* ) (
 15


.

.
15 1 Flexible Pavement
1 1 15 :

.
15 1 1 1 :


.
15 1 1 2 :

.
.
SN PT
) ( = 2.5 ) ( =. 2.00
18000 ) 80000 ( ) (22
.



:
= 365x (LF x A ) x T x GF x ADT
:
= ADT .
= A ) ( .
= GF .
= T .
= LF ) (
). (22

15 1 1 3 C B R

) (CBR
3
0.10
 ) CBR= 100
( ) (CBR .
15 1 1 4 .


) (
.
) (23



) (
) (
50 2
45 4
40 6
15 1 1 5 .

10 30 15
.
15 1 1 6 .


4 2
. ). (24

15 1 1 7

.



.
15 2 :


). (AASHTO
15 2 1 )(Mr


.

 ) (CBR
) (Mr ) (CBR :
Mr = 1500 x CBR PSI
10
CBR 10

). (27

) (Marshall ) (Hveem
). (25
15 2 2 :

. 2.5
2.0 .
4.2 4.5 .
) : (25 ) (a1
200

Hveem )( ) / ( 2
80 0.22 500 125.000
95 0.25 750 150000
120 0.30 975 200000
130 0.33 1200 250000
155 0.36 1400 300000
175 0.39 1600 350000
190 0.42 1900 400000
) ( 26 m3 , m2 .

1.0 1.25 1.15
0.60 1.05 0.80
) (27 ) (a3 ) ( a2
)(Mr

Mr 2 Mr
) )
/ ) (a2 / 2
(a3 (CBR
- - 13000 0.095 20
- - 13500 0.100 25
- - 14500 0.11 30
21000 0.105 16000 0.120 40
25000 0.120 17500 0.125 55
27000 0.130 - - 70
 30000 0.140 - - 100
15 2 3 ).(SN


a3 , a2 , a1


) (SN :
SN = a1 t1 + a2 m2 t2 + a3 m3 t3
t3 , t2 ,t1 m3 , m2
) (a2 ) (a3
) (CBR

) ( 27
200 . ) (25
m3 , m2

24
m3 , m2 )
(26
15 3 .
) (SN
) (34
AASHTO 95
0.45 :

)( ).(1 .1
)(Mr )( ) (2 )(2 .2
) (1 )( ).(3
) (PSI .3
)( .
) (3 ) .4
(PSI ). (4
)( ) (5 .5
). (SN3
) 1 ( 5 .6
). (SN 2
) 1 (5 .7
). (SN1
. .8

SN1
=t1 ) ( =
a1
SN2
a1 t1

=t ) ( =
2
a 2 m2
SN3 a1 t1
a2 t2 m2
) ( = = t 3
a3 m3
) : 1 (
15 3 1 .
) (28
.
) ( 28









5 5
5 5 5
15 )
20 25 < ( 9
5 5
5 5 5
) 15
25 30 (9-5
5
5
7 5 5
) 30
35 30 ( 5-2

15 4 :
3 15 2000
/ . 2 :
) (

1 2 3 4
2
20 ) 4 ( 2 1
) (
 4
:
.1 55
.2 . 70
.3 = 400000 / .
:
1 ) ( 22 :
) 4 ( ) 2 ( ) (

0.052 0.0033


:

20 2000
= ) 22 = (0.052+0.0033
100
= 22
15 2
) (24 17.95 4
) 45 ). ( (23
= 3650.4517.95 22
= 64862.325
2 .
.
) (25
a1 = 0.42

) ( 27 = . 55
a3 = 0.125 Mr = 17500 / 2

) (27 = . 70
a2 = 0.130 Mr = 27000 / 2
3
= CBR 1500
= 6000 = 4 1500 / 2 ) (31
2.5 4.5 :
= SN3 = 2.70
= SN2 = 2.00
= SN1 = 1.75
:
1.75

= t1 = 10.57 = 4.16 = 11
0.42
)2
0.42
(4.16
 = t2= 1.4 10 = 4
0.13

t3
= =3.4610=4
4.16 0.42-(40.1301)-2.7 =
0.125
5 7 10 10
.

:

60 / 20 ) ( 35
:
.
.

.
.

) ( 3 60/ e % 4
f 0.15 149.19 . 150 .

115.00 P.C. ( Curve # 1) 310.19

195.19 Sta. 0+195.19

) (37 .

)(%4+) (400+0
) (520+0 ) (% 3 - )(1
L = Kc x A
) (8 60 / c K = 18
 = X { (+4) - (-3)} = 126 18 .
160 .
) (38 .

) (1 20 )(39

) (2 100 ) )( (40

:
.1 ) 2-2 2-1 (
.2 ) (
.3 ) (
A POLICY ON GEOMETRIC DESIGN OF HIGHWAYS AND .4
)STREETS 1994 (AASHTO