Cc phm tt trong Altium

I. Thit k mch nguyn l:

- X : quay linh kin theo trc X.

- Y : quay linh kin theo trc Y.
- Space : Xoay linh kin 90 .
- Shift + Space : Xoay linh kin 450 .
- Shift + chut tri : Copy linh kin.
- P B: Thc hin v Bus- P W : i dy ni chn linh kin.
- P O : Ly GND- P V N : nh du chn khng dng.
- T N : t tn t ng.
- P T : t Text.
- T W : To LK mi.
- Ctrl+Shift+L (hoc A+L): Cn chnh cc linh kin thng
hng dc.
- Ctrl+Shift+T (hoc A+T) : Cn chnh cc linh kin thng
hng ngang.
- Ctrl+Shift+H (hoc A+H) : Cn chnh cc linh kin cch
u nhau theo hng ngang.
- Ctrl+Shift+V (hoc A+V) : Cn chnh cc linh kin cch
u nhau theo hng dc.
- D U :Update nguyn l sang mch in.
- T S : Tm linh kin bn mch in (bn chn khi bn cn i
dy bn mch nguyn l ri n T-S, n s t ng tm khi
y bn mch in cho bn).

II. THIT K MCH IN:

- P T (Place > Interactive Routing) : i dy bng tay.
- A A : i dy t ng.
- T U A : Xa b tt c cc ng mch a chy.
- P G : Ph ng.
- D K : Chn lp v.
- D R : chnh cc thng s trong mch nh rng ca
ng dy(width), khong cch 2 - dy(clearance),cho php
ngn mch( shortcircuit)...
- P V : Ly l Via.
- Ctrl + Shift + ln chut: chuyn qua li gia cc lp.
- D T A : hin th ht cc lp.
- D T S: Ch hin th lp TOP + BOTTOM + MULTI..
- Shift+ S : n cc lp. Ch hin th lp ang dng.
- Q : chuyn i n v mil --> mm v ngc li.
- Ctrl +G : ci t ch li.
- D O : chnh thng s mch.
- P L : nh dng li kch thc mch in nhn ri vo lp
keep out layer v ng vin sau bi en ton mch ri
nhn D S D .
- Ctrl+Shift+L (hoc A L): Cn chnh cc linh kin thng
hng dc.
- Ctrl+Shift+T (hoc A T) : Cn chnh cc linh kin thng
hng ngang.
- Ctrl+Shift+H (hoc A H) : Cn chnh cc linh kin cch
u nhau theo hng ngang.
- Ctrl+Shift+V (hoc A V) : Cn chnh cc linh kin cch
u nhau theo hng dc.

- Fliped Board : Lt ngc mch in.

- Teardrop... (Phm tt T E) to teardrop cho ng
mch gn chn linh kin.

III. V MCH IN KHNG CN V TRC MCH NGUYN

L.

i vi cc mch n gin, cc bn c th v thng mch in

m khng cn thng qua mch nguyn l (mnh ni thm
cho cc bn, nhng tt nht l khng nn dng v nu v sai
rt kh sa li ):
- To mi 1 file PCB v lu li.
- Ly cc linh kin cn thit cho mch bng phm tt P C.
- Thc hin nh ngha cc Net (tng t i dy bn mch
nguyn l) bng cch: design --> netlis --> edit net.
- Quay li i dy nh bnh thng.

- Ctrl+Shift+L (hoc A L): Cn chnh cc linh kin thng

hng dc v bn tri (Left)
- Ctrl+Shift+R (hoc A R): Cn chnh cc linh kin thng
hng dc v bn phi (Right)
- Ctrl+Shift+T (hoc A T) : Cn chnh cc linh kin thng
hng ngang ln trn (Top)
- Ctrl+Shift+B (hoc A B) : Cn chnh cc linh kin thng
 hng ngang xung di (Bottom)
- Ctrl+Shift+H (hoc A H) : Cn chnh cc linh kin cch
u nhau theo hng ngang.
- Ctrl+Shift+V (hoc A V) : Cn chnh cc linh kin cch
u nhau theo hng dc.

Nhng th thut phm tt trong Altium Designer v

th vin Altium
I. Thit k mch nguyn l (SCHEMATIC)

Phm tt Chc nng

X Quay linh kin theo trc X (i xng qua trc X).

Y Quay linh kin theo trc Y (i xng qua trc Y).

Space Xoay linh kin 90 .

ALT + Click Highlight nhng Net c cng tn (Lm m ton b cc phn cn

(chn Net) li ca bn v SCH)

Shift + Ctrl + C Clear mi p dng trn SCH

Ctrl + Click v
Di chuyn linh kin i cng vi dy (Ging nh trong Proteus)
ko

Shift + Space Xoay linh kin 45 .

Shift + Left
Copy linh kin.
Click

Shift + Click v
Ko linh kin ra.
ko

Ctrl+Shift+L
Cn chnh cc linh kin thng hng dc.
(hoc A L)

Ctrl+Shift+T
Cn chnh cc linh kin thng hng ngang.
(hoc A T)

Ctrl+Shift+H
Cn chnh cc linh kin cch u nhau theo hng ngang.
(hoc A H)

Ctrl+Shift+V
Cn chnh cc linh kin cch u nhau theo hng dc.
(hoc A V)

Ctrl + M o khong cch.

CC Bin dch Project Kim tra cc li kt ni, port.

DB Ly linh kin trong th vin.

DO Thay i thng s bn v.

DU Update nguyn l sang mch in.

JC Nhy n linh kin.

PB V ng bus.
PN t tn cho ng dy.

PO Ly GND.

PT Thm Text.

PW i dy ni chn linh kin.

PVN nh du chn khng dng.

TA M ca s qun l t tn cho linh kin.

TN t tn t ng cho linh kin.

Tm linh kin bn mch in (Bn chn khi bn cn i dy bn

TS mch nguyn l ri n T-S, n s t ng tm khi y bn mch
in cho bn).

TW To linh kin mi

TAB Thay i cc thng s ca mch.

VD a bn v va trong khung mn hnh.

II. THIT K MCH IN (PCB LAYOUT)

Phm tt Chc nng

2 Xem mch in dng 2D.

3 Xem mch in dng 3D.

Q Chuyn i n v mil > mm v ngc li.

PT (Place > Interactive Routing) Ch i dy bng tay.

nh dng li kch thc mch in nhn ri vo lp keep out layer

PL
v ng vin sau bi en ton mch ri nhn D S D.

Ko nhiu dy 1 lc (MultiRoute) (bng cch: nhn Shift

chn nhiu Pad, sau nhn P M ri i dy nh bnh thng.
PM
Trong khi MultiRoute, bn c th nhn Tab iu chnh
khong cch tng i gia cc dy vi nhau)

PG Ph ng.

PV Ly l Via.

PR V ng mch to, khong cch gia cc ng mch nh.

Hin th thng tin kch thc PCB (ging nh trong Cad c dng
PDD
)

AA i dy t ng.

TUA Xa b tt c cc ng mch chy.

TUN Xa cc ng dy cng tn.

Th thut trong Altium khng th b qua

Mt vi kinh nghim nh khi v v i dy

+ Ch v mch cho thong v d kim sot cc bn nn
v mch nguyn l theo tng khi 1 ring r, khng v trn vo
nhau. Cc dy ni vi nhau nn t tn cho n ngm hiu
ch khng nn ni lin nh vy mch nhn s thong hn.
+ Vic s dng phm tt s gip cho vic v mch nhanh hn.
Cc bn nn xem cc lnh trn thanh cng c c t gch chn
mi ch ci tung ng vi 1 phm tt . V d nh t File
trn thanh cng c c gch chn ch F do vy thay v nhn vo
File trn thanh cng c ta c th dng phm tt F thay th.
+ t tn cho ng dy th ch dy ni vi nhau th phi
c tn trng nhau, sau khi v xong mch nguyn l cc bn
nn update sang mch in tng khi 1 v sp xp linh kin cho
hp l sau mi update nhng khi khc trnh b ri mch.
Lm nh vy trong qu trnh TEST cng d kim sot hn.
+ Cc khu vc in p cao nn tch ring ra thnh 1 khi
trnh b git khi test. Cc ng mch in p cao nn 1
khong cch an ton trnh trng hp b phng in khi mi
trng xung quanh m t. Nhng ng tn hiu dao ng vi
tn s cao nn u tin khong cch i dy l ngn nht hn
ch b xung nhiu.
+ ch i dy bng tay khi i dy xong cc bn nn kim
tra xem cc dy ni ht vi nhau cha. Phng trng hp
cn st dy cha c ni vi nhau, cc bn dng lnh T D
R kim tra.
+ Trong khi i dy nu bn b vng vo dy khc th chng
trnh c th cm i qua, cho i ct qua hoc y dy kia ra.
chuyn qua li gia cc kiu ny, nhn Shift+R.
Bn mun i dy vung gc, ng cong hay gc bt k, trong
lc i dy nhn Shift+Space.

Ci t thng s n v, layer, t l bt u import.

 Sau khi import, tng t nh vic nh dng li kch thc
mch in, qut chn ton b ng bao v nhn D S D (Hoc
vo menu Design > Board Shape > Define from selected
objects)
Kt qu thu c nh di:

*Thay i kch thc kh giy trong SCH

Nhn phm tt D O m Document Options, chn kiu giy
A0, A1, chn kiu ngang hay dc.
* Chnh kch thc mc nh PCB v SCH
C th do nhu cu lm bo mch ln hn (PCB) so vi kch
thc mc nh ca Altium a ra, ta iu chnh bng cch:
Altium > Nhn D S R ri click vo cc im mun to khun
board. Hoc c th vo th Design > Board Shape > Redefine
Board
Tng t nu mun iu chnh kch thc mc nh ca bn
v mch nguyn l (SHC):
Vi phn mch nguyn l ch cn phi chut ri chn Options
> Sheet > Standard Style , y c th chnh cc kch thc
ca bn v theo cc chun A0-A4 hoc ty kch thc.
Chnh xc hn l bn vo Tool -> Schematic Preferences,
phn Default Blank Sheet Size th bn chn kh giy ty ,
ngoi ra bn cng c th thay i tn ngi v, tn cng ty,
dng bn v, phn ny ty theo thch.
* To PCB theo tiu chun c sn
To mi Project: File => New => Project
Trong phn Project Templates chn loi PCB cn thit k nh
PCI, PCMCIA, EU
Hoc c th t to mi Template theo yu cu sau dng li.

* Ph ng(Polygon) trong Altium

Ln phin bn 14, Altium c 1 cht thay i khi ng (Ph

ng Polygon) cho mch, l:
Nhn P G m ty chn polygon
+ Chn hnh thc ph (Hatched Li, Solid Kn..)
+ Chn kt ni lp ph n net no hay khng.
+ Chn Layer mun ph ng.
+ Nn t tn cho lp ph d qun l.
Ch thm na l nh tick vo ty chn Is Poured di
cng, sau nhn OK.
 Thay i kch thc ng dy khi v add via
Khi i dy, nhn TAB hoc nhn s 3 thay i kch thc
ng dy.
V nhn 2 add Via ln ng dy.
* Vit ch c gch ngang trn u
vit ch c gch ngang trn u th vit theo c php sau:
C\H\U\ C\O\ G\A\C\H\ N\G\A\N\G\ T\R\E\N\ D\A\U\
* Vch phn cch gia cc khi mch trong S
nguyn l
Dng Line, sau chn style trong mc Option (Click phi vo
ng Line va v, chn Properties)
* Xa nhanh ng mch (Net)
Khi mun xa ng mch th chng ta phi nhn vo tng
on ca net ri xa, nh vy rt mt thi gian.
Cch nhanh hn l dng phm tt U ( y c nhiu ty chn):
+ All: Xa ton b ng mch ca ton mch
+ Net: Xa nhng ng mch c cng tn.
+ Connection: Xa ng ni gia 2 chn linh kin ca 1 net
(Khng phi ton b net)
* n phn 3D (gch cho mu tm) ca linh kin khi i
dy trong PCB
Nhn phm tt O D, sau tick chn Hidden trong phn 3D
Bodies.
* n cc thnh phn (Net, Track, Via, Polygon)
Sau khi ng xong ht ri, bn mun tm thi n lp
ng i nhn r ng mch?
Nhn O D m ca s View Configurations. Ti ca s ny, ti
tab Show/Hide, tick chn Hidden trong box Polygons sau
nhn OK.
Chuyn v Final nu nh bn mun hin li thnh phn n.

Ti y, bn c th iu chnh vi hu ht cc thnh phn khc

nh Vias, Strings, Tracks, Pads.
* Tm kim linh kin t SCH sang PCB v ngc li? (Ch
Cross Mode)
 ch ny, bn select chn linh kin bn SCH th linh kin
bn PCB s sng ln v ngc li. Thch hp khi tm kim
linh kin trn cch mch phc tp.
s dng ch ny, trc ht bn m 2 file SCH v PCB ln,
chn ch xem Split Vertical mn hnh chia i ra hin th
c SCH v PCB cng lc.
Nhn Tools trn thanh cng c v tick chn Cross Select Mode.
* Hin th Layer dng trong sut
Trong phn v PCB, chn Altium Transparent 2D

Hin r ng mch khi xem mch ch 3D

Vi 1 s phin bn, khi chuyn sang view dng 3D th c th
cc bn khng th nhn thy ng dy trn board d ch m
m.
X l nh sau:
Nhn L hin ra bng ty chn, trn gc trn bn phi ti
mc Select PCB View Configuration chn mu nn cho PCB.
Trong khung Colors and Visibility iu chnh trong sut bng
2 thanh slider
+ Top Solder Mask (Lp ph mt TOP)
+ Bottom Solder Mask (Lp Ph mt BOTTOM)
* Cch xoay mch trong ch 3D
Nhn gi Shift v chut phi n khi hin ra qu cu trn trn,
sau r chut.
* Phm tt nhanh khi xem 3D
Phm s 0: View mch 0 .
Phm s 9: Mch xoay 90 .
Phm s 8: Gc nhn xin 45 .
Phm V D: Ko zoom cho khp mn hnh.
Phm V B: Lt mch.
* Li vng trn trng trong PCB (Altium bn 14)
Ko linh kin vo vng PCB l ht li. y ch l cnh bo, in ra
s khng c nhng vng trn ny.
* Bo trn ng mch nhng ni gp pad, via

Dng ny c dn gian gi l to ng mch hnh git nc

gip ng mch trng mm mi hn, tng kh nng bm thic
khi hn.
Sau khi i dy xong, nhn T E trong giao din PCB, sau ty
chn mc bo trn ri nhn OK.
* Thay i ch li (Grid)
Trong SCH: nhn O P vo phn ty chn iu chnh hin th
Grid.
Trong PCB: nhn Ctrl+G vo phn ty chn iu chnh hin
th Grid.

* Li mu xanh l cy do sai lut Clearance

y l cnh bo cho bit bn ang gp li do vi phm thng s
Clearance ci t. C th do ng mch gn nhau qu,
iu chnh li ng mch hoc set Clearance nh hn.
tt mu xanh i bn nhn L, n hin ra 1 bng, Chn bng
Altium Standard 2D, b tch mu Xanh (DRC Error Makers).
Mun nhanh th n T M tt tm thi nhng di chuyn linh
kin l li hin ln. Ch rng nn xem xt li khi xut hin li
ny trnh s st trn sn phm khi bn thi cng thc t.

* iu chnh thng s nhiu linh kin 1 lc

iu chnh thng s nhiu linh kin 1 lc:
Select mt vi linh kin
 Click Chut phi chn Find Similar Object hoc Shift + F ri
nhn vo 1 linh kin bt k s ra 1 bng
Trong mc Object Kind chn Any
Mc Selected chn Same > OK
ng thi cc linh kin Select s ni r, linh kin khc s
m
Ti y c th thay i Property ca cc linh kin ny nh
Footprint, Layer, Show/Hide name.
Sau khi thay i xong, mun tt c hin r tr li th lp li
bc Find Similar Object nhng tt c l Any
Hoc:
Bn mun thay i thuc tnh cho mt nhm linh kin th u
tin l chn nhm , sau nhn phm tt l F11 s hin ra
bng Inspector
Tham kho ti Altium Website

* iu chnh nhanh kch thc ng mch (Net) v

Sau khi v xong cc ng mch, v 1 l do no bn mun
ng mch v to ra hoc nh i 1 cht nhanh chng th
bn cn s dng tnh nng iu chnh hng lot (Find Similar
Object)
Nhn Shift + F ri chn ng mch m bn cn iu chnh.

Nhn chn Same ti i tng NET m bn cn iu chnh sau

nhn OK m ra ca s Inspector.
 Thay i theo kch thc m bn mun.
Cch ny cng s dng tng t c th thay i thuc tnh
ca 1 lot i tng no .
* To Logo ring vi Altium
Logo c to l file .bmp (Cc bn c th chuyn t cc nh
dng nh khc sang)
Chy Script PCB Logo Creator tm trong th mc ci t ca
altium Scripts\Delphiscript Scripts\PCB\PCB Logo Creator

Chn file PCBLogoCreator.PRJSCR => nhn Open. Trong ca s

Select Item To Run, chn RunConverterScript => OK
Nhn Load ly hnh nh lm Logo, sau nhn Convert
bt u qu trnh chuyn i.
* To l khoan th cng cho vt, tn nhit
Nhn P P ly 1 pad, t pad ny vo v tr cn to l khoan.
Double click vo pad ny iu chnh kch thc l khoan.

* Cha li khong trng khng ph xanh trng thic

Bn tng nhn thy trn 1 board mch, c ng mch ngi
ta khng ph xanh m li ph ln 1 lp thic. Vic ny nhm
gip ng mch ti dng cao hn. Vy ngi ta lm vic
nh th no?
Khi bn v mch, bn rng layer c tn l *Paste (Top
Paste, Bottom Paste..) hoc *Solder (Top Solder, Bottom
Solder), nhng layer ny s quyt nh vic vng no c c
ph xanh hay khng.
Thng thng khi khng tc ng g vo layer ny th ton b
mch s c ph xanh, tuy nhin nu bn v bt c hnh
ng nt no ti layer ny th vng bn v ra s khng
c ph xanh.
Sau khi thi cng mch, nhng vng khng c ph xanh ny
s c ph thic ln. Mun 1 NET no c ph thic,
bn c vic v 1 LINE ln line c sn.

* Ha lp ph ng vi cng 1 NET
C nhiu board mch ngi ta khng cn i ng GND m
thay vo h cho kt ni trc tip vo Polygon. V d:

lm nh trn, cu hnh Polygon nh sau:

Connect to NET: chn Net m bn mun ha lp Polygon vo.
Chn Pour Over All Same Net Objects
Layer: Chn lp m bn mun ph xanh.
Click OK.

Ch mt vi phm tt:
Nhn Shift + Spacebar thay i kiu nt v: 45 , 90 ,
cung trn
Nhn Space chuyn i hng v.
 Nhn Shift + (> hoc <) thay i bn knh cung trn.
Nhn s 1 thay i ch v 2 cnh hoc v tng cnh
mt.

* Li khng view c hnh dng 3D linh kin

Sau khi bn ADD thnh cng file 3D (STEP) ca linh kin c
sn vo th vin PCB, view 3D thnh cng khi m file th
vin ch 3D. Bn lu y cc thnh phn nhng khi
s dng linh kin vo mch ca mnh th vn khng thy c
dng 3D ca linh kin thm thnh phn 3D.
Ti ngh vn ny xy ra do cc lin kt gia th vin nguyn
l (SCH) v th vin footprint (PCB) ca linh kin tng ng khi
bn chnh sa cha c cp nht, vic thay i mi ch din ra
trong file PCB Lib.
khc phc vn ny, bn ch cn xa b lin kt n th
vin PCB trong th vin SCH v thm li lin kt ny. V lc ny
vic cp nht s y hn.

Add li lin kt gia th vin nguyn l v footprint.

Cc bc add li lin kt n th vin PCB
Ht bc ny l bn li c th s dng th vin nh bnh
thng.

* Nhng hnh nh, ch vo PCB dng OLE

OLE vit tt t Object Linking and Embedding. Tnh nng mi
ny c t Altium 15, h tr ngi dng nhng cc i tng vo
PCB 1 cch d dng hn so vi vic dng script nh cc phin
bn trc.
Thng thng cc phin bn khc ca Altium Designer
copy mt mt dung, vo trong PCB mi ngi ch cn copy n
gin sau vo PCB, chn lp cn chn ni dung v n Ctrl+V
ri t vo v tr mong mun.
S dng:
Ti toolbar Place > Object From File

Chn n file cn nhng vo. C th nhng cc nh dng ca

excel nh CSV, XLS, nh dng ca vn bn nh TXT, nh dng
nh 8 Bit nh BMP, JPEG.
Tuy nhin qua s dng thy chc nng ny khng n nh lm
vi ngun l file nh. Vy nn n nht th khi nhng file hnh
nh, chng ta c dng script vi file no khng nhng c la
ok

CC THNG S CA MCH

Cc bn cho mnh hi tiu chun khi cc bn thit k PCB bng

Orcad hay Altium Designer v mnh thy thng mi ngi i hay i
dy bng tay hn i t ng,ti sao phi s dng chc nng
Autoroute cho dy Vcc v GND (thy mnh ni kinh nghim trong
PCB l nh vy)?.Mnh cha hiu cc t,thut ng ny
Padstack?,ng Net=15 (Net l g),1 mil bng bao nhiu mm,1 inch
bng bao nhiu mm?ti sao Pad li lun chn 80-85 mil (pad l
g?),Drill chn 1mm (drill l g)?ti sao khong cch gia 2 chn linh
kin thng l 2,54 mm, rng dy nh nht l 3,75 mil?Ti sao tr
IC v LEG 7 SEG th cc Pad nn chn Round?.Mong cc bn v bn
caovanhuong tr li cc cu hi gip mnh c du "?" nh.
- i vi nhng ngi thng xuyn v c kinh nghim v mch in
th h thng v bng tay hn th t ng.
1. v t ng cc ng nt n khng ti u, nhiu khi n chy vng
vng (VD: nhiu khi 2 con linh kin n st nhau m n khng ni vi
nhau lun v n vng qua ch khc n mi ni)
2. cc ng nt khng p nh v tay
3. n chy jump nhiu.
4. cc gc cnh khng p nh v tay
=> ni chung l v t ng khng p nn i vi ngi thng
xuyn v PCB th h s v tay.
- Padstack: l bao gm tt c cc lp ca 1 chn linh kin.
- Net: l rng ca dy ni khi v mch in ( rng ca ci dy n
nh hay ln)
- 1mil=0.0254mm => 1 mm = 39.37mm (thng l ly 1mm bng
40mil cho chn, nhng 1 s linh kin nhiu chn v chnh xc cao
th khi lm th vin nn chuyn qua mm v)
- Pad h chn 80-85 l do sau nhiu ln lm mch thy nh vy l
hp. nhng i vi pad 80-85 l qu ln, H ch s dng pad 58mil
cho IC v 65mil cho t tr, cc linh kin ln hn th chn 80mil
- khong cch gia 2 chn linh kin nh IC hay 1 s linh kin nhiu
chn l do nh sn xut quy nh ( thng l theo 1 chun cc IC l
2.54mm, khi v sang kch thc mil l chn va bng 100mil).
2.54mm l i vi cc IC h c package l DIP hoc SIP, cn i vi
cc IC c package l SOIC th khong cch l 1.27mm( 50mil), SSOP
khong cch 2 chn l 0.635mm (25mil) v cn nhiu loi c
package vi khong cch 2 chn nh hn rt nhiu. nhng loi ny
th phi dng my scan ch qut ch sau dng my dn linh
kin v qua my sy mi c. cn nhng loi ln hn nh SOIC hay
SSOP th c th dng my cm keo, sau dng my dn linh kin
v cho qua my sy v qua b nhng ch.
- rng dy nh nht 3.75 mil l do nh sn xut mch in quy nh
(cng ty ny h lm c rng nh nht l bao nhiu th h s
quy nh khch hng c th bit m iu chnh li rng trc
khi t mch), VN th rng nh nht c th lm l 10mil.
- thng tt c cc pad u chn Round v nhn n p, nh gn v
vn m bo bm chc, khng tn din tch nh cc loi pad
khc.