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) ......

(Water Crossing Structures 1


) .............................................(Bridges 2
) ............................(Bridges Types 2-1
) .............(Small Span Bridges 2-2
) Small Span Bridges 2-3
4 (Types

) 11.........................................(Culverts 3
) 12.......................................(Syphons 4
) 14........................................(Aqueducts 5

) (Water Crossing Structures 1



,
.
:

) (Bridges 2
,
,

.
) (Bridges Types 2.1-
:

) (Big Span Bridges


) (Small Span Bridges

-2- -

Bridge Type )Maximum Span In Use (m
Cable-Stayed Girder 235
Concrete
Cable-Stayed Girder 1856
Steel
Girder 240
Concrete
Girder 261
Steel
Suspension 1400
Truss 550
Steel
Arch 305
Concrete
Arch 500
Steel Truss
Segmental 250
AASHTO 50
Slab 12

) (Small Span Bridges


) (Small Span Bridges 2.2-
:

) :(The Superstructure
.
) :(The Supports ) ,(Piers
) ,(Abutments
) (.
) :(The Foundations

) (Small Span Bridges Types 2.3-
-1 ) (ArchBridges
,
,
] 6-4[ , ) (1 ) (4
.

-3- -

- ) )(1
(

-4- -

- ) )(2
(

- ) )(3
(

-5- -

)(4
-2 ) (Temper Bridges
, .

-3 ) (R.C. Bridges
:
) (Slab Bridges
)] 6-4[(,
) (5 ).(6

-6- -

) (Girder Bridges
)] 30-20[( , ) (7 ).(8

-4 ) (Prestressed Concrete Bridges


)] 80-50[( , ).(9

- ) )(5
(

-7- -

)(6

-8- -

)(7

-9- -

- ) )(8

(

-10- -

A43 - ) )(9
(

) (Culverts 3
,

, .

] 2/[ , ] 1/[. ,
) (Heading Up 20
][ , 25
][ ,
] 10[
.


)(10

-11- -

) (Syphons
4
,


,
,
, ).(11

-12- -

)(11

-13- -

) (Aqueducts
5
,

, )12
(.

- ) (
)(12

-14- -

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-15- -

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-16- -

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-21- -


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-24- -

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ok 4.47 4.56 1
ok 4.47 4.72 2

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-27- -

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-30- -

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