LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

UNIT 1: POPULATION
I. ANH VIT

1. Human population Dn s loi ngi

2. Human species / race / beings Loi ngi
3. Starvation / famine / hunger Nn i
4. Burgeoning population Dn s tng nhanh / gia tng dn s
Tnh trng suy dinh dng v nn i dai
5. Persistent malnutrition and starvation
dng
6. Projected global population Dn s d kin / c tnh
7. Conceptual contrast Bt ng quan im
8. Grow / increase exponentially Gia tng theo cp s nhn
9. Grow / increase arithmetically Gia tng theo cp s cng
10. Profligate childbearing Mang thai ngoi mun
Kim sot tnh trng / vic mang thai ngoi
11. To check profligate childbearing
mun / khng k hoch
12. Abstinence Trnh thai
13. Inequitable (food) distribution S phn b lng thc khng ng u
14. Per capita food production Lng thc bnh qun u ngi
15. The rank of the hungry S ngi i /
16. Food-producing capacity Kh nng sn xut lng thc
17. Sustainable balance S cn bng bn vng
18. Rapid population growth Dn s tng nhanh
19. Environmental degradation S / tnh trng suy thoi mi trng
20. Growing / increasing hunger Nn i gia tng
21. Life-threatening cycle Vng lun qun him ngho (?)
22. Population policy Chnh sch dn s
National Committee for Population and y ban Quc gia v Dn s v K hoch ha
23.
Family Planning gia nh
24. Intra-uterine device (IUD) Vng trnh thai
25. Oral contraceptive Thuc ung trnh thai
26. Sterilization Trit sn
27. To be fitted with an intra-uterine device t vng trnh thai
28. To remove an intra-uterine device Tho vng trnh thai
29. To avoid pregnancy Nga thai / trnh thai
30. Exploding / booming population Bng n dn s
31. To carry on family name Ni di tng ng
The Minister in charge of population and Ch nhim y ban Dn s v K hoch ha
32.
family planning gia nh
33. To curb / control rein / check population Kim sot s / tnh trng bng n dn s
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

boom / explosion
Thc y / y mnh / khuyn khch k
34. To promote family planning
hoch ha gia nh
35. Couples in child-bearing years Cc cp v chng trong tui sinh
Cc phng php / phng tin / cng c
36. Modern contraceptives
trnh thai hin i
37. Birth control / contraceptive pills Thuc nga / trnh thai
The United Nations Population Fund
38. Qu Dn s Lin hp quc
(UNFPA)
The worlds seventh-fastest-growing
39. Quc gia pht trin nhanh th by th gii
nation
To make considerable progress in Family t c nhng tin b / bc tin ng k
40.
Planning trong K hoch ha gia nh
41. Fertility / birth rate T l sinh
42. Mortality / death rate T l t
43. Census iu tra dn s
44. Annual population growth rate Tc tng trng dn s hng nm

II. VIT ANH

1. Dn s tng nhanh Rapid / burgeoning population growth

2. Vn nan gii Dilemmas / aching issues
3. Lm trm trng thm Deteriorate / aggravate / exacerbate
The environmental and ecological
4. S hy hoi mi trng v sinh thi
destruction
5. Khai thc cn kit ti nguyn thin nhin To exhaust natural resources
6. Nn khan him lng thc Food scarcity
7. S ngho i Poverty
8. M ch Illiteracy
9. Tht nghip Unemployment
Nhng bnh truyn nhim nguy him The spreading / of dangerous infectious
10.
ang lan trn diseases
11. Qu trnh pht trin kinh t - x hi Socio-economic development process
12. Pht trin bn vng Sustainable development
Training and development of human
13. Vic o to v pht trin nhn lc
resources
14. Tng thu nhp quc dn Gross National Product
15. Sng di mc ngho kh Live below the poverty line
Rural-to-urban wave / flow / stream of
16. Ln sng di dn t nng thn ra thnh th
migration
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

17. S qu ti v dn s Overpopulation
18. Cc bnh v ng h hp Respiratory diseases
19. Din tch rng Forest areas
20. Suy thoi tng ozone Ozone layer degradation
To threaten many / numerous animal species
21. e da s tn ti ca nhiu loi ng vt survival / the survival of many / numerous
animal species
22. T l ngi m ch Illiteracy rate
23. Cc dch v y t Medical / healthcare services
24. T l m ch trong n gii Illiteracy rate among females / women
25. Ci vng lun qun Vicious cycle / circle
26. Mt a v x hi thp km An inferior social status
27. Chng trnh Hnh ng Program of Action
Hi ngh Quc t v Dn s v Pht trin International Conference on Population and
28.
(ICPD) Development
Cc hot ng tuyn truyn vn ng v
29. Population advocacy
dn s
Huy ng cc ngun lc v s h tr cn
30. To mobilize necessary resources and support
thit
31. n nh mc tng trng dn s To stabilize population growth rate
Mt lot cc sng kin v dn s v pht A series of initiatives on population and
32.
trin development
33. Lng ghp Integrate
34. Sc khe sinh sn Reproductive health
35. Hc vin Chnh tr Quc gia H Ch Minh Ho Chi Minh National Academy of Politic
Committee for Social Affairs of National
36. y ban Cc vn X hi ca Quc hi
Assembly
Committee for Population and Family
37. y ban Dn s v K hoch ha Gia nh
Planning
38. Cc T chc on th The organizations
39. Cc c quan truyn thng i chng The mass media
Nng cao hn na thc v s hiu bit To raise further awareness and understanding
40.
v of
Mi quan h qua li gia dn s v pht The interrelationship between population and
41.
trin development

UNIT 2: ENVIRONMENT
I. ANH VIT
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

1. To contaminate Lm nhim bn
2. Ecosystem H sinh thi
3. Volcanic eruption(s) (Cc) v phun tro ni la
4. Polluting materials (Cc) cht gy nhim
Cc cht gy nhim c kh nng phn hy sinh
5. Biodegradable pollutants
hc
Cc cht gy nhim khng c kh nng phn
6. Nondegradable pollutants
hy sinh hc
7. Sewage Nc thi
8. To decompose Phn gii / phn hy
9. Epidemic Bnh dch
10. Toxic wastes Cht thi c hi
11. Toxic element c t
12. To enhance water and air quality Nng cao / ci thin cht lng nc v khng kh
Nhng hu qu su rng / khng lng trng
13. Far-reaching consequences
c
Potential impacts of the depletion of
14. Nhng tc ng ca s suy thoi tng ozn
the ozone layer
To shield the earth from the suns Bo v tri t khi nhng tia cc tm c hi t
15.
harmful ultraviolet rays mt tri
16. Pollution cleanup and prevention Lm sch v ngn chn nhim
17. Emission of carbon dioxide S thi kh CO2
18. Combustion of fossil fuels S / qu trnh t nhin liu ha thnh
19. Organic materials Cc cht hu c
20. Non-organic materials Cc cht v c
21. Low-income populations Nhm dn c c thu nhp thp
22. High-income populations Nhm dn c c thu nhp cao
23. Waste incinerator L t rc thi
24. Dump Bi rc
25. Solid wastes Cc cht thi dng rn
26. Liquid wastes Cc cht thi dng lng
27. greenhouse effect Hiu ng nh knh
To combat / fight environmental u tranh / chin u / chng li nhim nhim
28.
pollution mi trng
29. Global warming Hin tng m / nng ln ton cu
30. Climatic and atmospheric changes Nhng thay i v kh hu v kh quyn
31. Ministerial level delegates Cc i biu cp b
32. World Climate Conference Hi ngh kh hu ton cu / th gii
Kim sot / km hm / hn ch tnh trng thi kh
To freeze the level of emissions of
33. CO2
carbon dioxide
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

34. Re-emission of heat into space S ti bc x nhit vo khng gian

35. Radiant energy Nng lng bc x
36. The escape of heat S thot nhit
S kim sot nghim ngt hn v chng nhim
37. Tougher anti-population control
mi trng
38. The earths surface B mt tri t
39. Crop lands t canh tc
40. Hydroelectric dams Cc p thy in
41. Irrigation system H thng ti tiu
42. Polar ice caps Cc chm bng vng cc
43. Low-lying coastal areas Cc vng trng ven bin
44. Simplified computer model M hnh my tnh c n gin hon
45. Hurricane Bo bin
46. Typhoon Bo nhit i
47. Storm Bo
48. Cyclone Vi rng
49. Ultraviolet radiation Bc x cc tm / Tia cc tm
50. To increase the risk of skin cancer Lm tng nguy c ung th da
51. Crop yield Nng sut cy trng
52. Pollution control devices Cc thit b / cng c kim sot nhim

II. VIT - ANH

1.
Vn nng bng ton cu Burning global issue
2.
S suy thoi tng zn Ozone layer depletion
3. Tng thm nguy c bnh ung th da v cc To increase the risk of skin cancer and eye
bnh v mt diseases
4. Lm suy gim kh nng min dch ca con To reduce / weaken / impair humans
ngi immunity
5.
Cc loi ng, thc vt Flora and fauna species
6.
B hy dit / tuyt chng To be extinct / exterminated
7.
Trn b tuyt chng To be on the edge / point / verge of extinction
8.
Khng hong sinh thi Ecological crisis
9. Lm cn kit ngun ti nguyn To exhaust natural resources
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

10.
Mi e da vi s tn ti ca con ngi A threat to humans survival
11.
Cc loi kh thi c hi Toxic gases emission
12.
T l rng b tn ph Deforestation rate
13.
Ngun nc ngm Underground water
14.
Khng hong nc Water crisis
15.
Khai thc qu mc Overexploitation
16.
Sa mc ha Desertification
17.
Tnh trng suy thoi mi trng Environmental deterioration / degradation
18.
Trn phm vi ton cu On global scale
19. Imbalance between natural resources and
S mt cn bng gia ti nguyn v dn s
population
20.
Tnh trng chy ua v trang gia tng Escalating arms race
21.
Ti nguyn qu him Rare resources
22.
t suy thoi Degraded soil
23.
i trc Bare hill
24.
Mt kh nng canh tc Land loses its productivity
25.
Din tch rng Forest area
26.
T l che ph Coverage area rate
27.
Khu vc cng nghip Industrial zones / areas
28.
Nng bi v kh thi c hi The concentration of dust and toxic gases
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

29. C hnh ng tch cc nhm bo v mi To exert vigorous effort to protect ecological

trng sinh thi environment
30. m bo cuc sng lnh mnh cho ngi
To ensure
dn
31. Mineral exploitation / to exploit / extract
Khai thc khong sn
minerals
32.
Lng ph ti nguyn To waste (natural) resources
33. Badly / adversely / negatively affect
nh hng xu n ti nguyn mi trng
environmental resources
34. A system of legal documents / legal document
H thng vn bn php qui
system
35.
Cc tiu chun v x thi Waste release / emission standards
36.
Kim sot nhim To control / curb / rein / check pollution
37.
X l vi phm To handle / deal with / punish / treat violations
38.
Qui honh th City / urban planning
39.
Cm dn c Residential area / cluster
40.
Khu gii tr Recreation / amusement areas
41.
Din tch trng cy xanh Green area
42.
H thng thot nc Water drainage system
43.
Bi rc thi th rn Solid waste dump
44.
Nh my x l rc thi Waste treatment / processing plant
45.
L t cht thi c hi Toxic waste incinerator

UNIT 3: EDUCATON
I. ANH VIT
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

Mt h thng gio dc p ng c nhng

An education system equal to the
1. thch thc ca nn kinh t th trng t do
challenge of the new free market economy
mi
2. Academic (a, n) Hc thut (a) , hc gi (n)
grossly pro-rich imbalance of subsidies S mt cn bng phn ln l thin giu v
3.
going to better-off pupils khon tr cp ch dnh cho hc sinh kh gi
4. Primary education Gio dc tiu hc
5. Secondary education Gio dc trung hc
6. Junior / lower secondary education Gio dc trung hc c s
7. Senior / upper secondary education Gio dc trung hc ph thng
8. Tertiary education Gio dc i hc
9. Teaching standard Trnh / cht lng ging dy
10. Vocational training o to ngh
11. To bridge the skills gap Thu hp khong cch k nng
Sinh vin tt nghip m khng c k nng
12. Graduates without marketable skills
thc t / k nng th trng i hi
To prize education above almost any other cao gio dc ln hu ht cc kha cnh
13.
aspect of cultural life khc ca i sng vn ha
14. The leading national policy Quc sch hng u
To employ teachers without adequate Tuyn dng cc gio vin thiu / khng /
15.
qualifications khng c trnh chuyn mn
16. The lack of equipment and materials Tnh trng thiu trang thit b v ti liu
17. Enrolment ratio / school enrolment T l nhp hc / ng k nhp hc
18. To update the education system Cp nht / ci thin h thng gio dc
19. To extend the hours of a school day Ko di thi gian / gi hc trong ngy
The current system of double or treble
20. H thng gio dc hin hnh vi ca 2 v ca 3
shifts
A massive program of school building and Mt chng trnh quy m / ln nhm xy
21.
upgrading dng v nng cp trng hc
22. To overhaul the whole training system R sot li ton b h thng o to
23. To ensure teaching quality m bo cht lng ging dy
To spend more on textbooks and school Chi nhiu hn cho sch gio khoa v thit b
24.
equipment trng hc (tng u t / chi ph)
To introduce subsidies to help poorer p dng / a ra / thc hin cc khon tr
25.
students cp gip hc sinh ngho
26. To step up to the challenge ng u vi kh khn
To have the vision and management
27. C tm nhn v kh nng qun l
capabilities
The crisis inside its schools and Cuc khng hong trong cc trng hc v
28.
universities trng i hc
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

To have the foresight to wrestle with the C tm nhn i mt / gii quyt vn

29.
problem in a progressive way mt cch tch cc
To ra ngun nhn lc / 1 th h con ngi
To generate a creative, energetic, high-
30. sng to, nng ng v c kh nng lm vic
performing population
hiu qu
31. Public / state school Trng cng lp
32. Private school Trng t thc
33. Semi-private school Trng bn cng
34. People-founded / funded school Trng dn lp
35. To meet the demands of p ng cc nhu cu ca
To ease the pressure on Vietnams Gim bt p lc ln h thng gio dc ca
36.
education system Vit Nam
Lm trm trng thm / lm su sc thm s
37. To sharpen class distinctions
phn bit tng lp
38. Shortage of schools Tnh trng thiu trng hc
39. A shortfall of teachers Tnh trng thiu ht gio vin
40. The required teaching qualifications Trnh ging dy c yu cu
The Ministry of Education and Trainings
41. V Trung hc thuc B Gio dc v o to
secondary-school department
Tun th / Theo chng trnh hc quc gia
To follow state curriculum and use state-
42. v s dng sch gio khoa c nh nc
sanctioned books
ph chun
43. To receive a state certificate c cp chng ch quc gia
To soak up a tiny proportion of the student Thu ht mt phn rt nh s hc sinh sinh
44.
population vin
Gim thiu tnh trng qu ti trong cc
45. To ease overcrowding in schools
trng hc
46. Literacy rate T l ngi bit ch
47. Illiteracy rate T l ngi m ch
48. The school-age population Dn s trong tui n trng
49. To levy assorted fees in addition to tuition Thu thm cc khon ph ngoi tin hc ph
50. Drop-out rate T l b hc
51. To make education and training a priority Dnh s u tin cho gio dc v o to
To increase the share of the budget for
52. Tng phn ngn sch chi cho gio dc
education
53. Teacher-training college i hc S phm
54. To waive tuition fee(s) Min hc ph
55. A proposal to increase teachers salaries Mt xut tng lng cho gio vin
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

II. VIT ANH

1. Cuc cch mng khoa hc v cng ngh Scientific and technological revolution
Scientific and technological
2. Tim lc khoa hc v cng ngh
potentialities / potential
3. Trnh dn tr Peoples intellect standard
The strength / power and position /
4. Sc mnh v v th
status
5. Trnh gio dc Education standard
6. Trnh pht trin ca mt x hi The development level of society
Raise / enhance / improve peoples
7. Nng cao dn tr
intellect
8. o to lao ng Labor / workforce training
9. Bi dng nhn ti To foster talents
To escape from / get out of poverty and
10. Thot khi ngho nn, lc hu
backwardness
11. Ngun lc con ngi Human resources
12. Nhng thay i v thnh tu Changes and achievements
To adopt / introduce 12 year-education
13. p dng chng trnh 12 nm
curriculum
14. H thng gio dc quc dn National education system
15. Gio dc mm non Pre-school education
16. Gio dc tiu hc Primary education
17. Gio dc trung hc Secondary education
18. Gio dc i hc Tertiary education
Illiteracy elimination / eradication
19. Chin dch xa m ch
campaign
20. Nhng thnh tu ng khch l Encouraging achivements
21. T l m ch Illiteracy rate
22. Cc loi hnh o to Forms of training
23. a dng ha cc loi hnh o to Diversify forms of training
24. o to chnh quy, ti chc, t xa Full time, in-service , distance training
To meet / fulfill ever-increasing needs /
25. p ng nhu cu ngy cng cao ca ngi hc
demands of learners
26. Trang thit b phc v ging dy Teaching equipment
27. Cc thit b thuc th h trc nm 1960 Pre-1960 equipment
28. Tnh trng xung cp Deterioration / degradation
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

Triple / treble shift and makeshift

29. Vic lp hc ca 3, lp hc tm b
classrooms
30. Trnh ca i ng gio vin Qualifications of teaching staff
31. B ngh (dy hc) To quit teaching
32. Dy thm trn lan Spreading after-school / extra classes
33. Tnh trng phn cc v cht lng gio dc The polarization of education quality
The problem of genuine certificate,
34. Vn nn bng tht, kin thc gi
fake knowledge
35. nh mc chi cho gio dc trn u ngi dn Education spending per capita
Stage budget investment in education
36. Ngun u t ngn sch nh nc cho GD&T
and training
Vic phn b ngn sch gio dc theo quy m Education budget allocation on a
37.
dn s population scale
Dnh u tin cao nht cho pht trin gio dc To give top priority to education and
38.
v o to training development
The leading national policy of the
39. Quc sch hng u ca chnh ph
Government
40. S nghip ca ton dn The cause of the entire people
41. Ph cp gio dc tiu hc To universalize primary education
42. Ph cp gio dc trung hc c s To universalize secondary education
Socialize education / education
43. X hi ha gio dc
socialization
Education budget management
44. C ch qun l ngn sch gio dc
mechanism
Tng cng hiu qu u t ca ng vn cn To enhance the investment efficiency of
45.
t i limited capital

UNIT 4: VIETNAM
I. ANH VIT

1. Jungle war Chin tranh du kch

2. Spectacular failure Tht bi thm hi
3. Spectacular scenery Phong cnh hng v
4. Motion pictures Phim in nh
5. TV drama series Phim truyn hnh di tp
6. To captivate audiences Thu ht khn gi
7. Indochina ng Dng
8. Unique and rich civilization Nn vn mnh c o v phong ph
9. Highly cultured and friendly people Con ngi giu bn sc vn ha v thn thin
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

10. A country at peace Mt t nc ha bnh

11. To be isolated (from the world) B c lp (vi th gii)
To open the countrys doors to foreign
12. M ca cho n du khch nc ngoi
visitors
13. The Eastern Bloc Khi ng u
14. Civil war Ni chin
15. Sublime beauty V p hng v
16. The Red River Delta ng bng chu th sng Hng
17. The Mekong River Delta ng bng chu th sng Cu Long
18. Unspoiled beaches Nhng bi bin nguyn s / cha c khai ph
19. Stunning lagoons Nhng m ph tuyt p
20. Endless expanses of sand dunes Nhng cn ct tri di v tn
21. Coconut palms Cy da
22. Coastal paddies Nhng ng la / cnh ng ven bin
23. Casuarinas Cy phi lao
24. Soaring mountains Nhng ngn ni cao vt / vi vi
To be cloaked with the richest of c bao bc bi s phong ph ca nhng
25.
rainforests cnh rng nhit i
26. Littoral Vng duyn hi
27. Refreshingly cool plateaus Nhng cao nguyn ti mt
28. Ethno-linguistic groups (hill tribes) Cc nhm dn tc chia theo ng h
29. Ancient civilization Nn vn minh lu i
30. Food stall Qun n
31. Tropical fruit vendors Nhng gnh hng rong hoa qu nhit i
32. Newly wed couples Nhng cp v chng mi ci
33. A Buddhist monk Mt nh s
34. Ancient Mahayana rites Nghi l Pht gio i tha c i
35. Drums and gongs Trng v cng ching
36. Pristine deserted beaches Nhng bi bin hoang s
37. Independence and sovereignty c lp v ch quyn
To be supportive of more contact with Khuyn khch quan h nhiu hn vi nc
38.
the outside world ngoi
39. The countrys renewed interaction S tng tc i mi ca t nc
40. A four-letter word T cm k
41. An atmosphere of hustle and bustle Mt bu khng kh hi h v nhn nhp
42. Resurgent dynamism S nng ng mi hi sinh
To revive the moribund Vietnamese Phc hng / phc hi nn kinh ang suy tn ca
43.
economy Vit Nam
Astonishing pace of economic
44. Tc pht trin kinh t ng kinh ngc
development
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

45. Industrial estates Khu cng nghip

46. Thatched huts Nhng mi nh tranh
Five-star hotels and modern office Cc khch sn nm sao v nhng ta cao c vn
47.
towers phng hin i

II. VIT ANH

1. Din tch t lin Land area

2. Mt di t c hnh ch S An S-shaped strip of land
3. im cc Bc The Northernmost
4. im cc Nam The Southernmost
The ideal and preferable / favorable
5. Nhng iu kin thun li l tng
conditions
6. va la Granary
7. Thnh ph thng mi Commercial city
8. Kh hu nhit i Tropical climate
9. Ma kh v ma ma Dry and rainy seasons
10. m cao High humidity
11. Lng ma trung bnh hng nm Annual average rainfall / precipitation
12. Mt dn s Population density
13. T l tng dn s hng nm Annual population growth rate
14. Phn b khng ng u Unevenly distributed
15. Nhm dn tc Ethnic group
16. Sng bng ngh nng Live on farming / agriculture / husbandry
Diverse / miscellaneous / assorted / wide-
17. Ngun ti nguyn thin nhin a dng ranging / varid
natural resources
18. a sinh hc Biodiversity
19. H ng thc vt phong ph Rich flora and fauna system
20. ng vt qu him Rare animals
21. c ghi trong sch ca th gii To be recorded in the World Red list
22. Cc ngun nng lng Energy resources
Du la, kh t, than v nng lng Petroleum, gasoline, coal and hydroelectric
23.
thy in power
24. Khong sn Minerals
25. Qung st Iron ore
26. ng Copper
27. Vng Gold
28. qu Gemstone
29. B xt Bauxite
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

30. Thic Tin

31. Km Zinc
32. Crm Chrome
33. Apatit Apatite
34. Vt liu xy dng Construction / Building materials
35. grant Granite
36. cm thch Marble
37. t st Clay
38. Than ch Graphite
39. Ngi Vit Nam c xa The ancient Vietnamese
Mt cuc u tranh lu di v lin tc A long and constant struggle / war to gain
40.
ginh c lp t do independence and freedom
41. Phong kin Trung Hoa Chinses feudal
42. h To dominate / domination
43. Thc dn Php French colonist
44. Tuyn b c lp To declare independence
45. Nc Cng ha Dn Ch Vit Nam The Democratic Repulic of Vietnam
46. Chu s nh hng ca phng Ty To be under the influence by the West
47. Cuc chin tranh ton din A full-sacle war
48. b vo Vit Nam Land onto Vietnam
49. Hip nh Ha Bnh Pari Paris Peace Treaty
50. Ti thng nht Reunify / reunite
51. Gii phng To liberize / liberization
Nc Cng ha X hi Ch ngha Vit
52. The Socilist Republic of Vietnam
Nam
53. Tn d ca chin tranh The remnant / remain / relic / vestige of war
54. Quan h quc t International relations
55. Khi xng chnh sch i mi kinh t To initiative the economic reform policy
56. Lin X c Former Soviet Union
57. Cc nc trong phe XHCN The countries in the Socialist Bloc
58. Chnh sch kinh t m ca The open-door economic policy
59. Bnh thng ha To normalize / normalization
60. Bc ngot lch s Historical turning point
61. Thnh vin chnh thc ca ASEAN An official member of ASEAN
62. Hip c hp tc Cooperation Treaty
63. Lin minh Chu u European Union
64. Quan h ngoi giao Diplomatic relations
65. Quan h bun bn Trade relations
66. Ni li cc mi quan h vi To resume / restore relations with
67. Cc th ch ti chnh quc t International financial instituions
68. Cc t chc tn dng a phng Multilateral credit organizations
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

69. Ngn hng Th gii (WB) The World Bank

70. Qu Tin t Quc t (IMF) The International Monetary Fund
71. Ngn hng Pht trin Chu (ADB) The Asian Development Bank
72. Khu vc mu dch t do ASEAN (AFTA) ASEAN Free Trade Area
Din n Hp tc Kinh t Chu Thi
73. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Bnh Dng (APEC)
74. T chc Thng mi Th gii (WTO) World Trade Organization

UNIT 5: ECONOMY
I. ANH- VIT

To be centrally run and guided by five-year c iu hnh tp trung v ch o trung

1.
plans
2. Economic sectors Cc ngnh / khu vc kinh t
3. Close central control iu hnh tp trung cht ch
4. Stagnant growth S pht trin tr tr
5. A severe shortage of food Tnh trng khan him lng thc trm trng
6. Deficit budget Thm ht ngn sch
7. Surplus budget Thng d ngn sch
8. Soaring inflation Lm pht tng vt / nhy vt / leo thang
9. Balanced budget Cn bng ngn sch
S / tnh trng mt cn bng thng mi
10. Chronic trade imbalances
trin min
To initiate an overall economic renovation Khi xng mt chnh sch ci cch kinh t
11.
policy tng th
To make the country self-sufficent in food Gip t nc c kh nng t cung t cp
12.
production trong vic sn xut lng thc
13. To liberalize production forces T do ha / gii phng lc lng sn xut
Gim s can thip ca nh nc trong kinh
14. To reduce the state intervention in business
doanh
To encourage foreign and domestic private Khuyn khch u t t nhn trong v ngoi
15.
investment nc
Nn kinh t nh hng th trng a thnh
16. A multi-sector, market-oriented economy
phn
17. The introduction of more structural reforms a ra nhiu ci cch c tnh c cu hn na
18. Domestic / internal trade Thng mi trong nc
19. Foreign / external trade Thng mi ngoi nc
20. To remove most subsidies Loi b hu ht cc khon tr cp
21. Multiple exchange rates Ch a t gi hi oi
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

22. To relax foreign exchange controls Ni lng cc kim sot trao i ngoi hi
23. To be convertible C th chuyn i c
24. To be inconvertible Khng th chuyn i c
To adopt a tight / contractionary monetary
25. p dng chnh sch tin t tht cht
policy
To adopt a loose / expansionary monetary
26. p dng chnh sch tin t m rng
policy
27. To cover budget deficits Trang tri thm ht ngn sch
28. To issue bonds and treasury bills Pht hnh tri phiu v tn phiu
To introduce higher interest rates to p dng cc mc li sut cao hn khuyn
29.
encourage domestic savings khch tit kim trong nc
30. To devalue Ph gi
31. Fiscal reforms Ci cch ti kha
32. To broaden the tax base M rng c s tnh thu
33. To apply uniform tax rates p dng mc thu sut ng nht
34. To enjoy special tax incentives Hng nhng u i c bit v thu
35. A two-tier baking system Mt h thng ngn hng hai cp
36. The central state bank Ngn hng trung ng nh nc
37. Commercial banks Ngn hng thng mi
38. Land reform Ci cch rung t
39. Land use rights Quyn s dng t
The right to inherit, exchange, transfer, Quyn tha k, trao i, chuyn nhng, th
40.
mortgage and lease their land use rights chp, cho thu quyn s dng t ai
41. Merger and dissolution St nhp v gii th
To be stripped of most subsidies and other B tc b hu ht nhng khon tr cp v
42.
privileges u i khc
Privatization (or equitisation) of state- T nhn ha (hoc c phn ha) cc doanh
43.
owned enterprises nghip nh nc
44. Foreign direct investment (FDI) u t trc tip nc ngoi
45. Legal framework Khung php l
To promulgate the Law on Foreign
46. Ban hnh Lut u t nc ngoi
Investment (LFI)
47. Export processing an industrial zones Khu cng nghip v ch xut
48. Financial institutions Cc t chc / th ch ti chnh
49. Bankruptcy Ph sn
50. To be / go bankrupt B ph sn
t c / to ra nhng kt qu ng khch
51. To produce initial encouraging results
l bc u
The share / proportion of GDP by economic T trng theo ngnh kinh t trong tng sn
52.
sectors phm quc ni
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

53. Joint-stock companies Cng ty c phn

54. Limited companies Cng ty trch nhim hu hn
55. Private enterprises Doanh nghip t nhn
56. Family-scale businesses C s kinh doanh quy m gia nh
57. Farming households H gia nh lm ngh nng , h nng
58. Handicrafts Th cng m ngh
59. Small-scale food processing Ch bine thc phm quy m nh
60. Light industries Cc ngnh cng nghip nh
Garments and assembling, and small-scale
61. Hng dt may, lp rp, v vn ti quy m nh
transportation
62. Export earnings / revenue Kim ngch xut khu
63. Capital goods T liu sn xut
64. Industrialization and modernization Cng nghip ha hin i ha
65. Monetary and fiscal reforms Ci cch tin t v ti kha
66. Government spending Chi tiu chnh phu
67. Hyper-inflation Siu lm pht
68. Official Development Assistance (ODA) Vin tr pht trin chnh thc
69. To disburse Gii ngn
70. The quality and efficiency of the economy Cht lng v tnh hiu qu ca nn kinh t
71. Inadequate infrastructure Thiu ht c s h tng
72. Shortage of skilled labor and management Thiu lao ng lnh ngh v i ng qun l
73. An agrarian society Mt x hi thun nng
To occupy minor segments of the gross Chim mt t trng nh trong tng sn phm
74.
domestic product (GDP) quc dn (GDP)
75. The cultivation of export crops Trng cc loi cy xut khu
76. Trading partners i tc thng mi
77. A highly centralized, planned economy Nn kinh t k hoch ha tp trung cao
78. To nationalize Quc hu ha
To be placed under state or collective t di quyn s hu ca nh nc hoc
79.
ownership hp tc x
80. Customs revenue Thu nhp t thu
81. Limited tax base C s thu hn ch
82. Infusion of foreign capital Ngun vn u t nc ngoi
83. To impede rapid growth Cn tr s tng trng nhanh chng
84. To play the flagship role in the economy ng vai tr l c u trong nn kinh t
The Vietnam General Confederation of
85. Tng lin on lao ng Vit Nam
Trade Unions
86. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing Nng, lm, ng nghip
87. The cultivation of wet rice Canh tc la nc
Tp th ha tt c t canh tc s hu t
88. To collectivize all privately held farmland
nhn
 LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

89. To dismantle the collective system D b h thng hp tc x

90. To grant long-term leases to farmers Cp quyn thu t di hn
91. Annual quota of grain nh mc lng thc thng nin
92. Surplus production Sn xut d tha
93. Annual fish catch Sn lng nh bt c hng nm
94. A lack of transportation facilities Thiu cc phng tin vn chuyn
To ban the export of logs and some timber
95. Cm xut khu g x v g khc
products
96. To preserve remaining forests Bo tn nhng khu rng cn li
97. To be at a relatively primitive stage giai on cn tng i s khai
A mix of state, collective, and private S kt hp ca s hu nh nc, tp th v
98.
ownership t nhn
99. Petroleum and natural gas deposits M kh ga thin nhin v du m
100. The continental shelf Thm lc a
101. Oil fields Khu khai thc du, m du
102. Offshore deposits Cc m du ngoi khi xa
103. Textile goods Hng may mc
104. Cash crops Cy cng nghip
105. Maritime products Hi sn
106. To impose a trade embargo on p t lnh cm vn thng mi
107. To lift / remove a embargo on D b lnh cm vn thng mi
108. To perform general supervisory functions ng vai tr gim st tng quan
109. To control the money supply Kim sot ngun cung tin

II. VIT ANH

1.
Khng hong kinh t Economic crisis
2. To initiate an economic renovation / reform
Khi xng chnh sch i mi kinh t
policy
3. Mt nn kinh t k hoch tp trung quan liu A state-subsidized, bureaucratic, centrally-
bao cp planned economy
4.
Mt nn kinh t theo nh hng th trng A market-oriented economy
5.
Thnh phn kinh t quc doanh v tp th State-owned and collective economic sectors
6.
Mt nn kinh t m ca a phng, a dng An liberal, multilateral and diverse economy
7.
Ba chng trnh kinh t chin lc Three strategic economic programs
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8.
Lng thc v thc phm Foodstuff
9.
Hng tiu dng Consumer goods
10.
Hng xut khu Goods for export
11.
Thi k chuyn tip Transitional period
12.
Mi trng u t nc ngoi ci m An liberal foreign investment environment
13. Mt s iu khon trong lut u t nc Several provisions / terms in the Law on
ngoi Foreign Investment
14. Outdated / backward / inadequate
C s h tng lc hu
infrastructure
15. To integrate into regional and world
Hi nhp vi nn kinh t khu vc v th gii
economy
16.
B my qun l Management apparatus
17.
ng ni t Domestic currency
18.
Khng chuyn i c To be inconvertible
19.
H thng ngn hng The banking system
20. Cc bin php ci cch v m nh hng th Market-oriented macro reforms / renovation
trng measures
21.
T do ha gi c To liberalize prices
22.
Ct b bao cp qua ngn sch nh nc To remove subsidies through state budget
23.
Th ni t gi hi oi To float the exchange rate
24.
Thc hin ch t ch ti chnh To apply the financial autonomy
25.
Cc doanh nghip nh nc State-owned enterprises
26. To promulgate / issue / enact Law on Foreign
Ban hnh lut u t nc ngoi
Investment
27. i mi cc quy nh v hi quan, xut nhp To renovate the regulations on customs,
LANGMASTER 30 PHT TING ANH MI NGY

cnh v xut nhp khu immigration and import export

28.
M rng quan h kinh t To broaden / expand economic sectors
29.
Cc nc cng nghip mi (NICs) Newly industrialized countries
30.
Mt nn kinh t tng trng nng ng A dynamic growing economy
31.
T do ha quyn s dng t ai To liberalize the land use rights
32.
Phng thc sn xut tp th Collective production mode / method
33.
Khng hong ti chnh Financial crisis
34. To have an adverse impact on Vietnams
Tc ng xu n nn kinh t Vit Nam
economy
35.
u t trc tip nc ngoi Foreign direct investment
36.
Cc hng ro phi thu quan Non-tariff barriers
37.
Nhng gii php tnh th, ngn hn Short-term and ad-hoc solutions
38.
Qu trnh c phn ha Equitisation process
39.
Kch cu To boost demands
40. To adopt a loose / an expansionary monetary
p dng chnh sch tin t ni lng
policy
41.
Li sut trn cho vay The lending ceiling interest rate
42.
Tng lng cho cn b cng nhn vin To raise salary for state employees
43.
Tng sc mua To boost / increase purchasing power
44. To improve / enhance the efficiency of the
Nng cao hiu qu ca nn kinh t
economy
45.
Hng ro bo h mu dch Trade protectionist barriers
46. Khuyn khch s cnh tranh lnh mnh trong
To encourage healthy domestic competition
nc
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47.
Kin ton h thng ti chnh To consolidate the fiscal system
48. Mt h thng ngn hng hin i hot ng A modern and efficient banking system
c hiu qu operating effectively
49. Thc hin mt cch sng to, linh hot cc To implement creatively and flexibly
chnh sch kinh t economic policies
50.
Din mo ca nn kinh t The outlook of the economy
51. To remarkably improve peoples living
Ci thin r rt i sng ca nhn dn
standard