I --- --C- 4 -- 2005

Ramu: Hi Raghu, how was the debate yester- Raghav: The first two prizes went to the teams
day? from other colleges. Our college was
debate
Eo (- \ able to get the III prize. The speech of
?
-) TC one of the judges at the end of the
Raghu: Very exciting. We missed you very debate was interesting. It seems he
much. Why didn't you come? could debate and win prizes even as
- q- TC. y --- a school boy.
L-A E-*C. y- prizes
colleges

? x. college III prize v
Ramu: I had important work, but thought I Debate
a---L-T-C. * judge
could finish it and be in time for the speech interesting.
- *o --
debate. But there was some delay and debates prizes
_E She could do it = - past,
--LC Pradeep: No, p-- regular practice
I couldn't be free until late in the a---L--. She couldn't (She could not) do it --L-E. p ----
evening. j -- could o verbs -El. - past
----C o, Office l 8 *
- u-i E, C Jh 1) could finish 2) couldn't be free 3) could make 3) I thought you could make it v 5 busy d.
E debate v--u- - past Pramod: j l matches --L?
it 4) could understand 5) couldnot have (the y ----E -o
Pradeep: ---? college team ,
-o. F -u--C. - benefit of) 6) could debate. 4) You could understand its importance
- free ---. -- school team -
-- 'can' n, -- - E vu y n-L---N past x --L.
Raghu: We know that you had work, but -o ? can -J-* L-C. 1) can 5) Could not have = ----. (past) Pramod: F job a--? Practice j
thought you could make it. We knew ' E -n uEo ---C - in the 6) Could debate = debate x---L-. C---d job ?
too you could understand the impor- present or in the future. 2) permissions
cricket series -----C Pradeep: p . , a -q.
tance of the debate. 3) requests 4) possibilities --- N India could not win the series. Answers:
in the present or in the future. 1) Teacher: Where is your text book, Sudheer?

Sachin could not play well

1) 'could' is the past form of can. 'could' Sudheer: (I) didn't get/ bring it, sir.
* ----. I could not (couldn't) remember to


-x--- 77
-n uEo ---E . boyhood (u) --L--E
a) I can walk 6 kmph: 6 km -- get it.
I could play well in my boyhood. Teacher: What about your home work? Did
- (present or future)
you do atleast that?
Sudheer: I couldn't (could not) do it, Sir, My

you could make it

right hand ached the whole of yes-
terday.
Teacher: Could you eat atleast?
Sudheer: I could (eat), sir.
Teacher: When you could eat, Why couldn't
you (could you not) do your home
F E E , I could walk 6 kmph: 6 km
--
- work?
y ----- -o. E (in the past -
-L--E ) -L-. Sudheer: I thought if I ate I would have less
vu y n --- Compare A and B below: She could do it if she pain and then I could do the home
-- -o. A) I can play cricket had the chance. work.
Ramu: It was some thing I couldn't help. I feel cricket
now
--
I could understand Teacher: You could eat, but couldn't study.
sorry that I could not have the benefit of B) My father could play cricket when he was Hindi well those days, Strange. Don't give me these
such a good debate. a boy but now I cannot. I excuses tomorrow. Sit down
- -N--- -- -Eq---j---. cricket
-- -o *op-- past
--L-- have forgotten it excuse).
(=
debate -d--o- A) She can do any job -Vx D - M. SURESAN 2) Pramod: Pradeep, Can you play cricket?
C. now or in the future
j -- n -L-, Pradeep: I could (play cricket), but no longer
(conversation I could
-v-o: -u-
B) She could do any job F p. -*-. ,
might have been able to + p.v., in the past
j --LC ? Now practise the following in English: I could play cricket No
-\--.
must have been able to + p.v., have been A) She can be here in an hour longer = /--p ).
1) Teacher:
F text book \, Sudheer?
able to + p.v. construction --op- Pramod: Can't you play (now)?
- \ --. Sudheer:
, Sir, --- h-----
-- -- -n -- ----a? an hour - future ? Pradeep: Not any more (C
Conversational.
-.
1) I have been able to get their permission B) She could be here in p-/ -- ).
Teacher: F home work J? j ? Those days I could practise regu-
2) Haseena must have been able to per- \ --L-TC - past Sudheer: ----, Sir, Eo larly. Now I cannot/ am not able to,
suade him can, could - -
3) Miss Savithri might have
-p. because I am busy in office from 8
n uEo (ability) . can, ability Teacher: o-i A--L? morning to 5 evening/morning 8 to
been able to solve Mr. Uma in the present or in the future -L could Sudheer: C v --L-. evening 5.
Rao's problem. - ---u- ability in the past C. Teacher: C --L-T-p, --- Pramod: Could you play in any big match-
- --- -s- --- could - 'be' form - -- (past) -? es?
-n --L- ---a? could + 1st RDW - could do, could sing, etc,. Sudheer: A p T_, homework -
- , o >x action - E --. Pradeep: Why not? I could for my college
team and before that for my
---:
----o.
Compare a) and b) Teacher: A--L, F -----. school team a number of times.
a) I can be the CM if I want
Have been able to + p.v., might have been
*v. p. Pramod: Why can't you (can you not)
- Chief Minister --. a. change your job. Why can't you
able to + p.v., must have been able to + p.v. (now/ in the future) 2) Pramod: Cricket --?Pradeep? look for a job which gives you time
-o F, -. have been able to/ b) I could be the CM if I wanted Pradeep: --L--E, p--. for practice.
might have been able to/ must have been to -E chief minister -u --- Pramod: p -? Pradeep: Not now. Next year perhaps.
+ 1st RDW (go, solve, persuade etc.) --E. (past)
-N- -Ky 2006
h. Have been able to/ might have been j (can be, could be) 'be' form. d
able to/ must have been able to y pas- '- E n. .50 V v Jv-- d
sive voice hC? y go, solve a) I can sing better than any movie singer y Lx-L.
etc., plain infinitives h. n: - movie singer -o - ---- E- Gx Ky N- 14, 2006 x--x -Lq *J C: -J 2, 2006.
1) I have been able to get their permission Now / in the future *-:
b) I could sing better than Ghantasala N Ky- (-v-L-N-K) K-~ Ey---C. Secretary,
- --L-E. (past) |-:
x -A a---L.
2) Haseena must have been able to per- Union Public Service Commission,
suade him = --E p---L-T D 1st use of could - past ability -L- d 1, 2006 --q 21 -q-- Dholpur House, Shahjahan Road,
L () p---L-TC E. --. \- ----. 30 -x ----. q, d, New Delhi 110069
3) Miss Savithri might have been able to *a -- 'could verbs' l. --- -E----- N-- C. --, -K~ -N--, --v-, -_-z-,
solve Mr. Uma Rao's problem 1) I thought I could finish it vU q- q |. -- Jh N-- - D
N-vA- -J -u J- \-J-- Jh ---E -o (past) x-- .20 Lx* -El-P- d- x-- u -- - -
-L-. ( J- \-J* a/ 2) I couldn't (could not) be free
----a). --S -. - * -a. . website: http://www.upsc.gov.in

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

I --- --- 6 -- 2005
Snehitha: Hi Aneesha, when did you reach
home last night?
- sentences can, could h-o
Eo Eo- -N-? . Possibility (J - C -
Aneesha: I couldn't reach home (could not
-, o N- )
reach home) till 10 L-- can, could, -o.
10 ----- Cl C. could o can
Snehitha: O my! Aneesha, never be out so late Possibility J - C.
at night. It could be very dangerous a) It can be dangerous to go out in such
for girls to be out to be alone so late weather
out. Any thing could happen. - --- - x v
t! - vA- -J a. 1) Could you help me get a seat, (please)
. --x--- Uday, Vinai j -- -o- Mr. E
b) It could be dangerous to go out in such seat N- h h?
v. -C----o . x 2) Could you recommend my case to the
Aneesha: But I have a cell, you know. So I was weather formal. -- Vinai BJ--E CM?
in touch with home. My brother met - DE n,(a) n . Sentence (a) expert. -s x could request
CM J N h?
me half way on my way home. A cell can, could o \ Possibility J polite C. C present D could -.
could be helpful that way. - \ E *-hC. .
Cell a) Could you have a look at the plan?
- , can, will, would, could
E _ C. p--- could -- .
Phone h o. v -- .
1) Ability in the Past, as the past form of can ( u-) x J h?
Cell
*a ---o. b) Could you also visit? could
2) Possibility or probability
N ----C. J(site ) -? would politest
could -n uEo ---E
p . and formal
please
(, E) will veryformal
lesson --o. and polite
c) Could you call tomorrow? can slightly formal
a) He could walk very fast when he was twenty phone and polite
-J h? least formal
five years old. request) least polite

-x--- 78
(. E
25 xp ---L-- d) Could you make it at 10? -sEod N O communication
(Compare: He can walk fast) C- -? effective C.
b) She could sing better than most other
singers of her day.
-x --C-
--L-C
(She can sing-)
c) When could you reach home?
Eo Eo- --L-?
Could you call tomorrow?
(When can you reach home?)
Udai: Just how busy are you Mr.Vinai? (make it =
d) Couldn't you get better marks than that. j E )
Now practise the
busy
O p? He made it to the top
Can you get-
Vinai: Why, What's the matter? ( N?) u-o n --o. following:
d could - u-i-C Udai: I want a favour from you, Mr.Vinai.
-n uEo -. j -- . Formal polite
--, (u-) Amar: -O -
(O L) request could
1) I couldn't reach home Vinai: What's it, Mr Udai? ( p)
--E p-E-J. --?
Compare: Bhanu: C?
x -----. Udai: Could you have a look at the plan of the
2) When could you reach home last night? a) Can you lend me your bike? Amar: --V -O
house I want to built? You are an expert
F -vA p x ---L-? in these matters and I want your sug-
b) Will you lend me your bike? o-- M. SURESAN
gestions and advice. c) Would you lend me your bike?
Fo ability in the past F-?
p- Could o - l. Plan
d--o x J --. d) Could you lend me your bike? Bhanu: roommate -. -E
j -- sentence -E-. N O --. O Sentences (a), (b), (c) -- u- - --o.
1) It could be dangerous for girls -, - L. lessons Fo requests. - u?
--x- C v-- -. {expert (q- , bird bir ir Sentence (d) 'Could' request Amar: d o mechanic sheds/
2) A cell could be helpful that way -L, ' \ -L) = N- --C . the interesting thing garages x - C. Room
Cell N ------. vOu o x. is, -T- vA--E, N--- -- a----o.
j sentences 'could' N Site = x d- n / House site} o. N Eo--i - subtle Bhanu: Ok. v J o
u, -- n hC . Vinai: Certainly. But today I am busy. I can do it (distinctions)
---?
Possibility F Probability F --C. - tomorrow. I am free. a) Can you lend me your bike?
. x Eo T_--E -?
Udai: Could you also visit the site, please? request polite,
N Eo-- \
--- J - C E hC Amar: \ x . Books,
Present informal. L B--
nEo J --? clothes and bed p.
1) Sx - a, d v E-T- Vinai: No Problem. Could you call me tomor- form of request.
-L-T x Bhanu: - wait --? -O
-a. row morning at 8? I'll let you know when 1) Can you buy the tickets for me?
There could be floods again, and the low tickets
a-- Room l.
we can see the plan and also the site. ?
lying areas could be submerged. 2) Can you give me a lift? Answer:
O-\-J 8 phone
(low lying areas = Submerge
d v, Plan, site
. p - b) Will question form request, can
Amar: Could you help me? / Could you do me
= E-T--) Present or future. - h. o \ polite, formal.
h a favour?
2) He could help you Udai: Could you make it at 10? B--E, L----x Bhanu: What is it?
F -- Vinai: That Shouldn't be a problem. Please do request. Amar: Could you let me stay in your room for
- C. (F ---a call me at 8, and we can fix at. 1) Will you help me in the matter? two days?
- F J-nA - L-L. C Phone
u ---a. E-N-C- N h h? Bhanu: I will talk to my room mate. I don't think
Present) . p --a 2) Will you drop me at college on your way? he will have any objection. What's the
3) E h---E --? -- O -E could Jcollege drop
_ o h? matter?
It could take weeks for the work to be finished. Eo-x question form . c) 'would' request
formal.
Jh - Amar: The garages around my room make a
-sx 'can' --E -- a) Could you have a look at the plan...? j n o-x, B-- lot of noise. I want to move.
lesson ! b) Could you also visit...? E--x request - would. Bhanu: OK. Could you meet me this evening?
1) Lx _- x. C ----. c) Could you call tomorrow? 1) Would you visit me once?
Not much room in our place. Could you
Don't go near the cat. It can get frightened/ it d) Could you make it at 10? J --h? make do with less luggage?
could get frightened. j -sx Eox , could, you 2) Would you give us the pleasure of a
Amar: I don't have much luggage except my
2) s a--J d-a questions form hC ? could song?
books, clothes and bed.
It can take/ could take months for us to get present formal, polite requests , O N ----Nh?
Bhanu: Could you wait till tomorrow morning?
the money. u---, B--E d) Could requests Eo forms u
I'll tidy up the room before you move in.
3) x J-- --- --. x (formal) j request --- u----i-C (Politest form of request),
Some connections can be / could be useful. . formal . u- vu \.
Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
I --- 8 -- 2005
Charan: Could I speak to you for a few min- 3) Could we be disturbing you?
utes? (O-odisturbance -?/
O EN- x--a? NtLo disturb -- ?)
Damodar: What about? Go ahead. 4) Could I know? (---a?)
E J*? x-. 5) Could we go ahead then?
(Go ahead = - permission
E-y y--E ( d--a (meeting?)
expression; encourage --E, O -E j -sx
could, I/ We question form .
vq----E )
Charan: A few of us want to have a short
meeting this evening. Could we
could I/ We question form h
polite permissions/ (-A)
have it on your terrace?
- *o meeting d- Fo polite permission v- uses of could in conversation:
- C. 3) How could he get the prize?
-----o. O O j 1. As the past form of can, to express a past How was he able to get the prize?
d--a? --o u.
ability. prize --L-?
a) Sx Nt-o-p ----?
(Terrace - pronunciation - J; ' \ 2. To express a possibility in the present. Question could, was/ were able o
When could I see you again?
-; -E, E -o - 3. Expressing the politest form of request in the \ common. How could he come so
- vE. coffee N , b) Could we wait for you here, in case you are present. early? , How was he able to come so
coming back? early o \ - -, \
aE BJ_ x p---E 4. To ask for permissions in a very polite and a
v-- --T-h-. India O AJT a-x- --t-Lo \ wait - very formal manner. N- --C .
\ n ) -?/ \ wait ? Compare sentences (a) and (b) below: 4 (a) Could they win the match?
Damodar: Oh, no problem. When exactly is it? c) order copy B--a? (b) Were they able to win the match?
(a) I could play very well when I was young.
d-. -d p? Could I take a copy of the order with me?/ (b) I was able to play well when I was young. (Match ---L?)
Could I take a copy of the order? x , (b) (a) more common.
Meaning of (a): young o-p -
(u superior status o-x permis- --L---E. (--L-T n u -C, O could o n, ---.
sion ---p) E *a- L-) Now practice the following in English.
d) Could you let me sit here for a while
-x--- 79 Meaning of (b): young o-p Ramarao: h J -E-h?
Eo-\ h a-E-h?/ E-\ a? --L-. (- L- T- nu -C , ) Govind: wait h? h---E
@--o.
Ramarao: O phone J -? impor-

When could I see you?

tant call L.
Govind: E-u--. F h low voice
x--?
Ramarao: NtLo disturb --.
Govind: --Ep h O-h, Sx -
a-h-?
Charan: About 5. Could we be disturbing , could, I/ We question form (a) -n uEo v Ramarao: -\-V wait --?
you? It won't be for more than hour. h polite permission ---E --C; -n u xy--.
(5, v. O disturbance . E J-T- -- Govind: OK.
?) -- , can, shall I/ We L-. Answers:
Damodar: No disturbance at all. Could I know question form permission ---E (b) -n u E Ramarao: Could you let me have a look at the
how many are attending the meet- E. can, shall, could, I/ We C- J-TC. book?
ing? Just to tell my servant to place question form permission could , was Govind: Could you wait a little? Two more
chairs there and keep some drinking --p Ox vA--E N--- able to o , M. SURESAN pages and I shall be through.
water ready. Eo--i (subtle) o. Ramarao: Could I use your phone once? I have
- - - C.
--. -C h-o Look at the following diagram: u 'not' , 'question' important call.
meeting ? - E Govind: Go ahead, But could you speak low?
For permission in the question form with I/ We:
v- p Eo chairs *, - E--.
Ramarao: Oh sure, I won't disturb you/ No dis-
could 1) He could not play well
-E F-x --p l-E. turbing you.
Charan: Thank you, but don't bother. We will shall very He was not able to play well.
Govind: If/ suppose I give you the book now
arrange all those things ourselves. can Formal polite n N-i , When could I have it back? Could I
Could we go ahead then? Informal and and 2) She could not sing well
have it back tomorrow?
\-x. - -. - She was not able to sing well. Ramarao: Could you wait for one more day,
and casual polite very
meeting d--a . formal
forms
----C. . that is till the day after (tomorrow)?
(Don't bother = N C-- Questions . Govind: OK.
d---. bother = = JE
N-T-. \ don't bother, don't bother
(your self) E. d----lE)
-v-o: Cast - -C phrasal verbs -- --- ---. 4) Cast (noun) - The group of actors in a drama or in a movie -
/ E -.
1) cast in eye - - --x
Damodar: Please do. The cast of the movie includes several great actors.
(E-y. u- ) (-- - --x. --- --x -o-C)- (-C p --o E-)
2) cast of features - y. -K-A, -~-.
Charan: Thanks a lot. 5) Cast (noun) - , a (Mould).
3) cast of mind - -- --.
Damodar: You are welcome.
-- 'could' J* -- -oN: --.--v-, --x N-NA V -d N-- t
---: 1) cast in the eye - x n correct. F Old
h. oa?
1) 'Could' is the past form of can, and express- A clay cast of Lord Vinayaka. Cast - a.
es ability in the past. ( n u Fashion. p - . E x-o --E Plaster of Paris cast: -, x NJ-T (fracture ),
--C) p -o squint. bandage.
can past form express = uh---, cast in the eye --- , He is moving about with a plaster of paris cast around his
L----) She/ he has a cast in the/ her eye. elbow. Pop cast
A d \E A---o.
2) 'Could' expresses a possibility in the present DE modern - She has a squint/ She is squint eye. 6) Cast of a net. N-
(vh -E / J-nA u- J He is born with a squint. A Single cast brought in a hundreds of fish -
--Eo L----hC) 2) Cast of feautres- - y o, \-B -J N-J -C f.
3) 'Could' with you in the question form express a) She has a wondeful/ beautiful/ fine cast of features - Cast of an eye - N-
a very polite and formal request. (you b) Her cast of features is attractive/ Charming. A cast of her evil eye would make many shiver in fear -
could question form u- \ -- v ---.
request --C) j n * C/ -i-C Cast (verb) = N- transitive - j o- N-
p observe the use of could in the
o \B C. Cast a look = N-
3) Cast of mind - -
opening conversation: Cast an eye over/ some thing = -E-j-o
1) Could I speak to you for a few minutes? He has a gentle cast of mind - t--h. Cast a spell = v--lLo
( O x--a?) - n- Eo N Parts of the body -h. Cast a vote = .Cast light = v-J---.
2) Could we have it on your terrace? a) I like the beautiful cast of her nose - \ d
. (\-) n-E N-Eo N-J-... Cast
(O terrace O d--a?) -C. (Cast of the mouth/ eyes etc.) Phrasal verbs o.

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

I --- --C 11 -- 2005
Govind: Hi Venkat, when did you return from Venkat: We visited Srikalahasti. We had the
Tirupati? rare opportunity of watching
(A-A * p AJ--a?) Mahabhishekam to lord Shiva. We
Venkat: How do you know I had been to watched too offerings being made to
Tirupati? the god.
( A-Ax-E F ?) (X--hx. -G-
Govind: You can't hide your tonsured head, -j - -L-TC. - ju
can you? d )
(F -- ?) Govind: Didn't you go to Tiruchanur to have a
(Tonsured = '- (' \ -) darsanam of goddess Padmavathi,
Venkat: You are right. I returned last night. Lord Venkateswara's consort?
correct.
(y Eo v AJ--a) (--y--yN u t-A t- c) He believes his worship of SriSai gives him
5. u-~-v-E -/- -
Govind: How was the pilgrimage? peace of mind.
-JE --E A-- x-?) Deity/ Presiding Deity.
(F v TC? Pilgrimage = Venkat: We did, of course. I forgot to tell you of X - -z-A-E-h-E ---
Goddess Kanaka Durga is the presiding
Bn-v) it. (x. p J) deity of Vijayawada.
t.
Venkat: Not so bad, we had the help of a tem- 10. Nv=Idol/ Image (Idol: ; ' \.
ple official, so we didn't wait long to
j - v- u-n-- - N--E -/- -t --_.
C* E -h C . Aiyyappa is the deity at Sabarimala. Image = N ' \ -)
have the darshanam. a) The temple has a gold idol (image of
conversation Fo u-n-- v- Aiyyappa is the god at Sabarimala.
Govind: How was the rush of pilgrims? Was Vishnu).
the crowd very big?
-C-* vocabulary; --, God: \ o -J-*
. N -- --- God
x---o-p, h-o-p, . Nv (Ng-JhC) C.
(vA- C? \--
English v -J-* p-a. (Capital G; no 'a/ the' before God.) 11. Idol worship = Idolatry
Nv--- =
o?) NN x, - -J-* Christianity and Islam are against idol wor-
Venkat: O it was certainly a big crowd. Some ship.
had to wait for 72 hours to get the
x---o-p -sEo d A/ the god,
A/ the goddess -- 'g' vd--E, x- Nv--- El.
darshanam. But I told you, thanks to a Idolatry is prohibited in christianity and Islam
small 'g' , capital 'G' .
temple official, we had it easy.
( \. --- 72 -x--- 80 a) The goddess at Basara is Saraswathi.
The deity at Basara is Saraswathi.
( x Nv--- )
Idolatry = (-v \ -)
* Lq *aC z--E.
p . Temple C-J -

How was the pilgrimage?

- uC)
Govind: Did you have a dip in the Pushkarini
Dip =
( \-J o ? Nv
x -)
Venkat: I very much wished to, but that day no
one was allowed to have the dip.
b) The god at Srikalahasti is Lord Shiva.
( --o F V -J-F 1. Pilgrimage (pron: w-L_-N \ -) 12. -C- = wor-
c) Lord Subrahmanya is a god in Hindu
--A--) u-n-- j--z-n v. Bn-v. ship = offer worship.
Govind: So it all went off very well. Mythology.
a) Q-v -- %h L-T-*C/ (The CM offered
Subrahmanya Swamy
( -
( Fo J---o-) -v--iC. worship at the tem-
Venkat: Yea. We finished our ablutions the My pilgrimage to Kasi was very fulfilling.
)
(Mythology = N->, ' \ -) ple, and inaugurated
temple by 9 and were out by 11. Again (Bn-v --ox %h d) Lakshmi is also a goddess. ( ) the Mandapam)
thanks to the temple official. J-T = fulfilling) e) Saraswathi is the goddess of knowledge. 13. Tonsure = M. SURESAN
b) --Vx Q-v L--- J-C.
(o-C--Fo E-N-C-----.
- Nt-C- x. ---- (-yA - ) .
A pilgrimage to Kasi in the older days used
---a, temple C-J Compare (a) and (b) ({ O stress \ -)
to be on foot.
-x) (a) She felt that God was unkind to her. a) The barbers at kalyanakatta at Tirumala
c) -J--/- A--A v
Govind: Did you go to any other place on the -x *o- -E tonsure us.
Pilgrimage to Sabarimala/ Tirupati.
way or way back? N---C. (\ --\ ) -u---d ~- h.
wish
Bn--v- x--x = (b) She felt that all gods were against her.
--}p--F, a-pF -\--- b) He had himself/ his head tonsured.
x? Wish you a very fulfilling pilgrimage. (-x- uA-- o---
d) He makes a pilgrimage to Kasi every year
---o.
-v-o: How did the marriage go off mar- --- vA -q Q h.
C. \ NN -- n d
'gods')
c) With tonsured heads pilgrims enter the
temple.
riage J-TC E -O -. -E 2. Pilgrim = vA- (u-n--) 6. consort = wife of a god/ husband of a god-
vA- x h.
h- The gun went off by itself E Tonsured head clean shaven head
E
a) -J- vA- x--d -. dess. (p-x V, , x, -
--C. n hC. Go off Pilgrims to Sabarimala wear black English
u-, h- wife and
-a.
clothes. The pilgrims with the shaven heads = The pil-
--, -J-x
-sx - ---. husband consort
--. --.)
grims with the tonsured heads
---: b) Pilgrims returning from Haj are called
'Hajis'. * AJT a vA--
a) Padmavati is the consort of Lord
Venkateswara. Now practice the following aloud in English:
1) Go off = J-TC C '->. b) Mallikarjuna is the consort of Sudheer:
'pilgrimage' -- -B:
n How did the marriage go O o- -o?
Bhramaramba. Eshwar:
off? . . Eo Q--v -lJ
c) A pilgrim is one who makes a pilgrimage/ 7. Dip/ bath =
2) Go off = explode () C u x o. x.
who is on a pilgrimage a)
Sudheer: --h Sx.
n. o
The gun went off by itself. Bn--v - vA-. A dip in the Ganga washes away all our
Eshwar: *a- -L--. J-y,
d) My father is on a pilgrimage. sins.
-v-o: *-- E--h-o
- LC. --- o ,
o- Bn--v o. b) A dip in the Krishna is an important part of
He is making a pilgrimage. a pilgrimage to Kanakadurga.
AJT h--o.
O He appears to be a good fellow E Sudheer:
e) On my pilgrimage to Sabarimala, I visited -- -q x ?
a. F He is appears to be a good Guruvayuru.
_-v %g o uiC.
Eshwar: J j--u . -- BJ.
fellow E --? c) o = have a dip/ take a dip.
---.--E-, --- -J- v -- x. d) He has a dip in the Ganga once a year v- time -----o.
---: 3. Rush of pilgrims = vA- Dl/- -.
a) The rush of pilgrims at Tirupati makes it
-q--E--J -o h. Sudheer: - - -q --h
Thank you very much for your appreciation. 8. Ablutions = o-C-, -%-u u ?
impossible to see the lord even for a few Eshwar:
He is appears to be a good fellow. sen- o (W h) . \ vA- -
seconds
tence is appears, verb
verb form

-.
-
English vA- x Eo x o \-- 9. Worship = -; -C-;
-
n







f . Q * AJ--a,
h---o. O~ t-
z -. , >-.
verb .spoken English old lessons a) We worship God/
b) There is always a huge rush of pilgrims at J Nv u -----
6 forms of the English verb -J-* N-- PILGRIMS to Sabarimala take a dip in the
Tirupati for the Brahmotsavams. o .
o. . is appears form Pamba before worshipping lord Aiyyappa. Sudheer: A-Ao x u?
is + appears = 'be' form + II Regular
vt-q-- A--A vA- Dl
. \- C. b) I begin any work only after my worship. Eshwar: x- a-. --.
doing word verb
4. u- ~-v- = pilgrim centre.
. y j.
Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
I --- -- 13 -- 2005
Venu: Hello Ratan, how is it I see you daily at Don't believe his pious talk
this time here? h N- E tl. C .
( vA-W y time -\ Devout = h-
-Eh-o-?) 3) Devotion = h. n .
Ratan: It just happens that way. I am here at DE n -J--x-E, Nx
this time on my way to the temple near -E vl, v-N LT .
here and you come out in the evening at Devotion to duty = NC/ NC Ey- x vl
this time. a) His devotion to duty leaves him little time
time
( --C. -- \ for his family.
time
_x o - , y NC x --o vl x -- --E
* - .) time -------o.
Venu: Why this piety all of a sudden? It is only N-- BJ-- .
b) Her devotion to the service of the poor is 13) Wick.
Ah = (string = n = . Beads =
a week since I have been meeting you
really great. 14) halo = --x, t-x x, -t . String of beads= . Beads
on your way to temple.
sudden
( h? Eo x -o vl, v pN. P-q d A . o- n hC.
c) Gandhi's devotion to the cause of Indian 15) hallowed = F--i. counting beads = --- )
--V- E-\ ho) independence. Tirumala is the hallowed place of Lord Prasad: Yes,
Ratan: It's all mother's doing. She's a devotee
yvu x D@ vl. Venkateshwara. Sukumar: Howmany times have you been
of Sri Sai. Her devotion has impressed
4) Devote: - h, vl, N x
me too. --y--yN x A- F--iC. there so far? By bus or on foot?
-. 16) Sanctity =
Prasad: This is my fifth time. Walking.
( t x. --h-. N-v.
a) The doctor devotes most of his time to his a) Smoking and alcohol are banned in holy
h -j -v-- --C.) patients. Sukumar: I feel like coming too. How about
Venu: That's very good indeed. Do you do places to preserve their sanctity.
\ --h. taking me/ will you take me next
pooja at home? u-n- N-v- -- \ time?
b) Though very busy, he devotes a lot of time ---, u- E--C-h.
( C. x --h?) to his family. Prasad: With pleasure. Why not now?
(Preserve = --, -- )
BJ o -- - Sukumar: Not now. I Think you are very pious/
b) The Hindus attach great sanctity to the
--. Ganga devout.
c) Freedom fighters devoted their whole life Prasad: So are you. You make frequent pil-
-x--- 81 to the cause of freedom.
- --CE - N-v-i-C
N-h. grimages to Shirdi. Every friday you
yvu @N-- --. have a dip in the Krishna. You have
been to the Ganga twice I think, and

She is very devout

taken a dip there.

-- -*- --u-E ---:

Sudheer: Is your father in? / at home?
Eshwar: No, He left yesterday on a pilgrimage
for/ to Kasi.
Ratan: No, mother does it. She is very devout. 5) Devotee = Practise the following:
Sudheer: When will he be back?/ When will he
h-/ --h-
Sun or rain she has a cold bath early in a) X ---y y-N h. Sukumar: Hello,
return?/ When is he returning?/
the morning and sits for pooja. devotees of Sri Venkateshwara. prasad, Sx
When will he come back?
( t hC. - h--C. b) Devotees can offer worship from 6 a.m. - -J--?
12.00 noon and from 4 p.m. - 8 p.m. = Sx x--dx, Eshwar: (I am) not sure. He said he would
j j lo Fox o
a-C) h 6 * 12 , v have a dip in the Ganga at Haridwar
Venu: What about your father? 4 * 8 z --a/ - -Eh-o-. and Rishikesh and return.
(O o-J A?) C--a. Prasad: . M. SURESAN Sudheer: Didn't he go last year too?/ He went
Ratan: He is not particular. He is devoted to his 6) Devout = pious = h- Sukumar: OEox last year too, didn't he?
job. His devotion to duty doesn't let him O h--x- you are very x-J---? L---, Bus ? Eshwar: He is now retired you know. He has
devote any time to worship. devout. Prasad: C 5 J, L---.
plenty of/ a lot of leisure. He wants to
(-- d . --p NC The devout old man spends most of his time Sukumar: -C. a-JB--x?
spend the rest of his life on pilgrim-
Ey---x vl *a-h. - in the temple. Prasad: -. p a ?
Sukumar: -p- -. y - h----- ages.
x - a-, -- time h- l- \-- -
.) . --. Sudheer: I think even last year he offered wor-
Venu: Do you go to the Sai temple near our 7) ju d = offer, ju = offering. Prasad: y ? -x Kf v ship/ performed pooja at Srikalahasti.
college too? 8) p = Camphor ( , Cat h. --- -h-. Eshwar: Yes. He had trouble because of the
( college _ h?) ' ) vA v- %g C o rush of pilgrims there. After returning
Ratan: Rarely, devotees prefer this to that. 9) v = Incense h. -x E- from Kasi, he wants to go to
(Incense L-T- E ).
(-. h--, *ad-o-- . Madhurai. He is particular about the
10) ---h = Incense sticks. Answer:
image / idol of goddess Meenakshi.
d---)
lesson continuation j - 11) (v, etc.) J-/ Lx- = Sukumar: Hello, Prasad, Sabarimala (Going
Sudheer: Has be been to Tirupathi of late?
h, -\-- -C-*-E Chant - chanting of mantras, vedas, etc. to Sabarimala) again. I see you once
12) vN = Censer (q ' \ -), more/ once again in black clothes Eshwar: Yes last month. But he didn't have his
-hC . conversation
Censer v J E and with a string of beads/ beads head tonsured/ he didn't have a ton-
-. Practice .
1) Piety = (' \----) = h . around your neck. sure.
= devotion (-) ' \---.
a) My mother is a woman of piety. vo: - 'o- -- '--o-- - --E a) Where is Dr. Manmohan Singh among/ on
the list of the PMs of India? - C 'o
vo: C u--x C d L-----?
t h--C. ---T-x- j- - --N-? N-- Today all trains are running lately.
b) O %g--x - h--C E A _.
--L----. Today all trains are running by late.
Meera had great piety for Lord Krishna.
J- -J, N-- b) What is the ordinal of Dr. Manmohan Singh Today all trains are running as late.
- - - : vo - -- %, ---tR
2) pious = = h among the PMs of Inida?' E -a, E
---: O
a) She is a pious woman = h C.
C u. (ordinal= 1st, 2nd, 3rd etc) -
b) He is not so pious as his wife. -C ---o. sentences D d
(a) -sEod Eo --
- u h . 'o English .Correct sentence: Today all
(b)
trains are running late.
'h 'devotion' E- . C. E n -L--x \.
vo: One and half year d? one
j . 'O o--
c) Thyagaraja and Bhaktha Ramadas had tx O-o? 1) Lately late
, n \
great devotion to Lord Rama. vo English _- and half years ? C singular - .
--x Rx-l-J - h C. 'where do you come among -T-? plural --T-? a) Lately recently/ of late
u.
\ N pious h n. your brothers and sisters?' -.-.-v---Jz-E, -- I haven't seen him lately/ of late
devotional = hL, h -C-*.
devotional songs = h-U--/- - .
E -a. C - ---: One and a half years correct. u E -.
pious E h-E, h sEod v, O-o? DE - a verb v singular. b) late
-u, -u-i E.
E n C. n hC. One and a half years is a long period. He has come late = -u a.

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

I --- --v 16 -- 2005
Sekhar: Hello Mahesh... any idea where Kousik: We may not meet each other then,
Jagadish is. because this weekend I may leave for
( , -D \--o Chennai. My sister is going abroad.
?) She may need my help in packing, etc.
Mahesh: He may be at home. ( -----a, -
(x a) j o x-a,
Sekhar: May we expect him on time? d J -C. u-
(--E J_ hE --a?) - a.)
Mahesh: I dont know. He said he would come,
Fo a, a, ---a E
but when, exactly, he was not clear.
n h-o . @N-
C --C, ----a E
(L. ho, F p *a- p d, because life is full She will probably get the prize.
p-.) Gowtham:
Ep ---a. ---
of uncertainties d, may, may not c) She may not like this.
Sekhar: Until he comes we cannot start our .
\- C. Sx She will probably not like this. Sunil:
work. v, > ---a
. ( Eo d-----a.)
2) may perhaps + will - Gowtham: O u Dl --
C \ - .
Prasanth: How much money may you need?
( a E v-G-
J.) ( s - a?) a.
Mahesh: How many charts are we going to . O --p-
a) -h-!
make for the exhibition? \ -- --a.
He may come. Sunil: O pD E.
( Tb-G- Eo d-
ho?) Perhaps he will come. kx h. p h x
He will come perhaps.
-x--- 82
Sekhar: Jagadish knows. They may be six or
{ J d-a.
seven. He will perhaps come. (perhaps = ) Gowtham: d---a . p
(D .
-a.)
Mahesh: So many? Then we had better begin.
We do not have much time. We may
have at the most three or four days.
( o! j
\ . , V
...WHO KNOWS?
\ ---a.) Dasarath: Just 5000 rupees a day. I may not
b) She may know this. y -h-
Sekhar: He knows it. He may not delay. Yes. need more than that.
She perhaps knows this. o.
Here is he calling. He says he may be (V -. -
c) Suguna may buy this.

here in 15 minutes. - --a.) Vx O
d May expresses probability in Suguna will buy this perhaps.
( u ---a. ... loan a.
the present or in the future. It ( -a)
3)
C * . C- ANSWERS:
ENx \ a o.) expresses doubt too- -Eo may \-J may be -a.
Gowtham: You said you M. SURESAN
Mahesh: OK then. He may also bring the nec- L--hC. a) It may succeed.
would be
essary material. Mahendra: Will he come this evening? May be it will succeed.
buying car. When may you buy it?
( ---i vT (- h-o?) (C N-- a.) Sunil: May be in a week or two. when may
a). Sasank: He may come, I am not sure. b) Sachin may score another century in this
you buy? What about you?
-E- . \ underline (a. *a- p-). series.
Gowtham: I may not buy at all. I have no plans
verbs Fo may ho. Mahendra: Why do you doubt it? (* K- K -a.) as yet
may be May be Sachin will score another century in
( ?) Sunil: I have just one worry. I am afraid
may we expect him? Sasank: He was talking about going to his sis- this series.
petrol and diesel prices may go up.
may have ters place. c) He may be coming . Gowtham: If you go on delaying /if you delay
may not delay (x-\u -E - Perhaps he is coming . further, you may not use a car at
may bring o.) May be he is coming. low petrol prices. By the time you
-C may, present Mahendra: Then lets start. If we do not start h -a. buy the car, you may drive it at high-
E, future E j / J now the teacher may go away. Probably he is coming. ---x Who er prices.
--Eo L--hC probability ( -ll. p -l- Knows? (-J / p--?) Sunil: You are right. Today itself I will
in the present, or in the future. -- Rx--a) d) It may happen; Who knows? apply for a Car loan. If I do it now,
1) May be - be form- expresses a probable j -- may -Eo *- May be it will happen; Who knows? it may be a week before they
state of being in the present or in the hC. Perhaps it will happen; Who knows? process it and sanction the loan./
future. -E: 1) May probably d, may, Now practise the following: they may take a week to process it
p--F N-u-h--F --Eo probably \--\ . and sanction the loan.
Gowtham: -o ? p --
L--hC. C EN-x Rx-\ - x will -a. o? Gowtham: They may not take so long. Now a
a. a) He may help you. days they are very quick. You may
Sunil: x. O-p --
They may be here in ten minutes. He will probably help you. get the loan in two or three days.
o.
2) May + 1st Regular Doing Word (May go, b) She may get the prize.
May come, May play etc.)- expresses a
probable/ likely action in the present or in 1. He has worked in Chennai since 1990 (pres- Chennai since 1990 o-p -- b) sentence - v p- vA-V
the future. May + 1st RDW,
p ent perfect) 1990 * p n-E \ vu. -sEo \- h-E. -d p- sentence
F, - F --a (*a ) E h? continue -? d h-o- n hC. 'I have (b) is better than sentence (a)
2. V \- h-o ----Eo He is
- EE ( a ) L- worked in this company since 2000 C - 3. . shall,order -
-hC. coming here daily -- He -*-hC.Must Shall \ force
- May be -a, o company houh o-p,
comes here daily \ continue --o- ? have order v , --Eo
/ C, p F -
E n. May + 1st C d? worked , have been working *-hC.you must have money if you
RDW - May go - x-a h-/- 3. a) you shall finish all this \. continuity vu y-- want to buy a Car -\ must, --Eo
-h-C/--h n. work and then only go h have been + ing better (order ) *-hC ! y x--E
Kousik: When may you be here again? b) you must finish all this 2.a) He is coming here daily - correct E Jh -Lq - C
(O Sx \ p a/ work and then go b) He comes here daily - correct n sentence (b) C. sentence
O Sx \ - C d? a) sentence modern English Usage x- (a) E Jh L order - --
p?) . XE- , ---x-Lx. -x accept h-o W \- h- C. d----\-
Mohan: I may come here again this weekend.
-- He has worked in o- n -.
( --E \ a.)

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II --- -- 19 -- 2005
Surekha: Hi Deepthi, come in. What a sight you Deepthi: I had been on my daily morning walk
are! What's (what has) happened? when this happened.
Why those mud splashes on your morning walk -h-op- --C
dress? J-TC.
-Dh, , , o? (What Surekha: But why a walk at all? It rained all
a sight you are) - -Eh-o-, through the night.
J-TC? F dress O -- v { Jh p
F-x? - E?
Deepthi: Sure, I'm in a terrible mess. I was Deepthi: It's quite sultry. Please turn on the fan.
walking down the road. A car driving \-- C. h fan ?
over a puddle splashed the mud on Surekha: It is sultry - that means it is going to
sweat = y =- -, ---d. Suman:
l { axC. 24 {
me. I felt terribly embarrassed with the rain again. a) we are sweating a lot here; let's sit out. o-xC ?
mud on my dress. Took an auto imme-
diately and came down here. This is
E- - C. -S} \ - ---hC, a. Kalyan: d-. --*----
b) He is sweating all over
-h--o-. --E. p- - --d-
the nearest I could think of.
{-E ----E -C-* -E x -- -hC. o.
E ---i-/ ----i J-
n-A o. road -
J-Eo l.
--a -C- = sweat it out Suman: Eo { h---o.T.V.
h ---O car x- a) Chiranjeevi has sweated it out to become a p. E Eo - \--
Fx O *-t. top star -d
- (-a) h u. C. E--- -
auto -B-E \---a, \- --C (sweat y it -E-) . --x- ---.
-x--- 84
A _ d) b) He sweated it out to educate his daughter Kalyan: - C.
(Terrible = ---i (J-nA) Jo d- C-N-. s C.
mess = --, *---, \ trou-

I feel very sultry

ble.
Puddle = Road O Fx-.
splash = Fx--N *t.. - *-Nt--p
- Fx.
embarrass = -. -\---, _-
-x sC L_-,
embarrassed = s-C feel .
puddle = roads O { Fx- c) How can you get any thing free? you sweat Suman:
-
--Fx --o dress -- puddle water = Fx for it
Deepthi sC (embarrassing
mud = muddy =
, - o *- j hC? E-j d- -L. . -
C) !
splash = Fx ( v---n-i) *
sweat = ---. T-----
The Son-in-law's behaviour embarrassed a) He splashed water over my face a) The sight of the police made him sweat. o. -
the minister. O Fx d. police - -E ---dC. j--
b) splash of water = *Nt Fx M. SURESAN
x v-h vA h sC L-T-*C. b) She sweats and shivers at his sight.
- -C. c) a splash of water made him conscious Eo - --d ---C. d.
embarrassing = -- ' bank Fx d- LN *a---E Kalyan: Eox v j --
(shiver = - = --)
ba ) d) Blood splashed all over the place as the o. - -J -, -J
Vighnesh: Have you heard the news? We are
Surekha: Sorry dear, come. Wash your face lorry hit him. o.
in for another cyclone.
and have a change of clothes. Here K - \- h *NtC. No, Sx ---- ---\-Lq Answer:

Sultry = (--) \---/ ---
you are. Take this dress of mine. I'll
hC. (We are in = --N- Suman: Take/ Carry an umbrella. It is raining.
have yours washed and sent home to
. He is in for trouble = -E Kalyan: It's only a drizzle/ It is just drizzling. An

you in the evening. a) I feel very sultry; could you turn on the fan? umbrella is not necessary.
trouble -C.)
-- C. -\E - --- C. h fan u? Suman: It looks like heavy rain./ It appears to
Mahesh: Yea. Cyclone is forecast for another
d a. C (C) B = sultry = stuffy. (-- stuffy - -v---E rain heavily./ Heavy rain appears likely./
24 hours.
Here you are. -- -F dress A-* ---. It may rain heavily. Rain is forecast for
v O -. b) The room is very stuffy. Please open the 24 x cyclone --a -/- another 24 hours.
Deepthi: Thank you. windows. --. (forecast = J - Kalyan: You may be right, but I may forget the
Surekha: But why were you out so early in the --C. (L \- C) - ) umbrella somewhere. I have already
morning? It is not even 7 now. - B. Now, practise the following aloud in English: lost two umbrellas.
lo --- When the room is stuffy, you sweat Suman: B\-x. {--hC. Suman: The whole of yesterday I expected rain/
-a? p- 7 -. room -- -hC. Kalyan: . --\-x--. I thought it would rain the whole of yes-
terday. Even TV forecast it. But it was
-v-o: 1) Thanks p--p q J AJT -G-yL? b) Good heavens, Adit! you must have polished your shoes
F shoes polish L y
sultry/ The whole day was sultry. fur-
2) "sorry" p--p AJT N ---N-yL ther/ Besides there was no power for
(l-, x-, ---\-)? ( polish . E-E-----o) some time. we were sweating a lot.
3) Good heavens, Adit! You must have your shoes polished.
\ 'good heavens' J-. Kalyan: It was sultry/ stuffy; true. But the sky
Hi, -, It's great . 'Good heavens' j was cloudy.
Good heavens, Adit! You must have polished your shoes.
J-T--. a Eo *-x phonetics N- C. Suman: We had rain all through last week. All
-v-o: Accused ud E Pro. ---o. Dictionaries
N N n--E-h. u-
n --L? phonetics -J-< -N--J--. the rivers are in floods/ spate. (All the
-.--.--y-, --*-a-f--, --x ->-x accuse u- Pro. uC. --x accused rivers are flooded.) Poor farmers! It has

---: 1) q thanks p AJT a u-f pronounce ? similarly, "learned" Jo

(l3:nid) pronounce C. Jo- -. 'ed' end -u
caused damage to crops.
Kalyan: But the farmers in some areas are
, you are welcome/ welcome. h l--x- verb (for e.g., looked d, booked d pronouce -- happy. That's why they say, 'One man's
, sir h. p) 't' end -- v Eo-x apply ? meat is another man's poison'. (-J
2) Sorry It's all right, doesn't matter, .
l--x- sir, h. -.-s-, -- --, -J - English

3) a) Good heavens, Adit! you must have your shoes pol- ---: Past tense form '-ed' Jh C p, k, s (z sound ) proverb.)
y v 't' -C. looked (lookt), peeped (peept), The whole day All day, All
ished = ! F shoes polish -L y.
chased (chaset) etc. Eo x C apply . through the day practise .
(, F shoes L dirty o-E)

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II --- -- 21 -- 2005
Anil: Hi Hari, we couldn't meet each other the
whole of yesterday.
- weather (--)
Eo ----. -C* --- C . Eo-F
Hari: Meet? In such a downpour? I didn't feel -J l.
like going out in such rain. No let up at all Downpour; let up; knee-deep; drains; wade
till late in the night. wind; blew off; hoardings; looks like rain;
---? -? - x- drought; withered; on and off.
-E---. vA l- _--
Down pour l-.
.
knee deep - wade; drain.
-L-.
Downpour hC o-d a) Areena: Why don't you get me some chips to
v-i - J -. eat? (h chips *a--d?)
feel like hC ? E--. Now practise the following aloud in English:
Amar: (Do you) want me go out in this down- b)
I feel like going to a movie = - . { a-dC. h
E---x--E--hC. pour for your chips? I'll get drenched. d--. Sathya:
_?
I don't feel like tea now = ( --o ---x-- F I won't come. It looks like rain. I cannot with- (let up
)
--E-----C-p. n. ---). The roads are stand a cold Vijaya: --V- { - C.
Let up = _, _- d; j under kneedeep water. (Roads j (withstand = d--, J-) D K, 3, 4 x
vo T_-. C - conversa- x- F-xo). I don't want to c) Though it is just 3 o' clock in the afternoon, it -p -.
tion practice . wade through the water mixed with is dark. The sky is cloudy. It is very likely to Sathya: p- d v-Fo ---
There is no let up in her fever =
the water from the drains. (--J rain. -u. TV - -L-
y _--. - Fx - Fx -
We are not going to let up our efforts uo , <- C. Fx Sx-a- -.
v-o, v T_ -. d ). s-C. { ax --C. (a - F} }- a-.
E \- , - d-d- \- o). Vijaya: vy - -CE -~ v--
Eo wade through .
drought: {-, -%-d --{ --
-L-*C. - u
b) The officer wades through a lot of files wither = (x N) --

-x--- 85 officer W - files

-dC.
h, When there is a drought the crops wither.
Sathya: o vA O* -i L x
. { -p --. L--. -
-o Shed p T-J--C.

There was no let up Vijaya: -J-j --u?

Sathya: , %-d-
Answer:
-h.

Sathya: Will there be no let up in the rain?

Anil: Even in such rain, I went out for some Vijaya: It has been raining off and on since last
c) We waded through a lot of portion for the last a)
medicine for dad. My god! there was -- x week/ during the past week/ for a week
week's examination.
knee-deep water on most roads, and I --- now. I haven't seen such rain in the last
waded through. The drains were over- - portion -C.
Last week exam o. 3 or 4 years.
flowing. ( time d E) The crops are wither-
Sathya: Already the low lying areas are under
- o - -
blow: L O, blow (present)- blew (past) ing because of
--}-. s! - roads -L- blown (past participle) water. I saw on the TV, people wading
drought/ The crops
Fx. Fx Sx-a- -. a) Strong winds blew as it rained cats and dogs through kneedeep water. The rain
are withering because M. SURESAN
Knee deep = -L- . knee = . - {, E-- -i water has entered houses too.
it hasn't rained.
kneecap = -L-*p. wade = Fx Sx-a- O. Vijaya: The government has moved a large
b) {- ---
b) Though it isn't raining much, the wind is
-. number of people to safe places/
Hari: Yes, it was that heavy. - u.
blowing strongly. safety. It has taken up relief measures
--l --. If the drought continues for/ lasts one more
Anil: The wind was strong too. It blew off two or
{ ----, L v -- week, the crops are sure to wither/ will sure- too.
three hoardings and the roof tops of some OhC. ly wither. Sathya: The strong winds the day before (yes-
sheds. I saw atleast two of the hoardings blow off = L-x j *--. T-J--
c) On and off = - = --. terday) blew off/ down/ uprooted a
lying in the water on the road. , - ----, (D N) J-- a) -- h-. number of trees; They blews off as well
L - O*C. , E p-. He comes to me on and off for help.
hoardings, Eo sheds p, *-- the roof of an old shed some distance
c) The wind blew off several trees
L. F hoardings road b) Don't trouble me on and off. from my home.
- x L -C trouble
O- Fx . -- o -/-N--T-. Vijaya: Was anyone injured?
Blew off= (L) - C.
(L x L--) c) The CM calls for my advice on and off. Sathya: No, fortunately.
Hoardings = shops O, road sides d) The wind blew off the lamp
CM -h-/
v- (advertisement) boards. L D-o-p-C. phone h.
Rooftops = p j. e) The lamp blew off. D --J--C.
-v-o: 1) Pending v N-J-. verb
Lakshmi: It's seven now cloudy, and a cot wind f) The wind blew off the wooden structure. b) Adjective: An enquiry is pending against
is blowing. It looks like rain again any L \ p a-C. him.
moment. simple, past, past participle -
g) blew off the board = board x T-J--C.
-s C, L -L OhC. 2) Who wrote Ramayana?
-. E O N- h--.
~-j o Sx { a-xC.
let up _-/--T_-. Who did write Ramayana? h---E wait ho.
Looks like rain = It may rain = { a. a) L _- u- -J-* N-J-. \ 'pending' adjective.
Anil: We had severe drought last season. The There was no let up in the wind. u-Lx u, -L-- 2) a) Who wrote Ramayana?
crops withered. This season we have too
much of rain on and off. The crops are
b) F v-o Bv T_- ---: 1) Pending - C verb . d E, b) Who did write Ramayana?
1) Ramayanam
Don't let up the seriousness of your past, past participle vo-. --u
under water and the low lying areas are all 'The'
attempts. Pending, preposition - *a- L.
flooded. 2) The Ramayanam E ,sentence (a)
-- -q -%-d/ {-- -x c) There has been no let up in the government's C j h-- o-p
n, - adjective correct, sentence (b) wrong.
-Fo --. -q A- relief efforts, said the CM
- C j h---E Question form --p-, not - who
%d. -Fo -. d v- vy - ux --- - -----E wait ho n.
Fo Fx E--. u--vA --o. y 'do' 'does', 'did' . C \ who
a) Preposition: He is suspended pending
Drought = {-; N--, D '? n. -JE

{ a-xC = It looks like rain = enquiry.
on and off = = often/ frequently. -o n 'who' -. 'Who
It may rain = It is very likely to rain. did he meet?' sentences . p
low lying areas = d v. N- -Jh --- (N- --
Lakshmi: Hope this would end with today. a) As we started out it looked like rain C --d) -- suspend . \ who \ do, does, did h.
V C --E P-ho. - l - - - p { a - - x C. pending preposition.

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II --- --v 23 -- 2005
Kavitha: Hi Lakshmi, (It's) rather a cold Lakshmi: I am not going to have even a bite of
evening. How about munching some- the bujji from that place.
thing to keep ourselves warm? Sx @b A.
v L C. j h - A, --E -C-
Nh a -. *-E -h C ! \ l.
Lakshmi: That's right. Let's have some hot Munching; have; sipping; snack; crisp and
chips and then hot coffee. That's crunchy; hot; gulp & suck; chewing; swallowed;
make us comfy. have a bite.
Hot chips, hot coffee B-.
A : daily situation
E
C. conversation j A E F,
(comfy = comfortable -E C E F n \ , Jeevan: I find you chewing killis all the time. It
have, take, eat. Have Eo-- \-
L o v coffee p-Jh -
C. n = o) is bad for your health and teeth.
Kavitha: Nothing like sipping a hot cup of cof-
- E o C?
. , p Sx - E--h. C
sip = p-Jh, x--x .
fee on a cold evening like this. Anil: What do you usually have for breakfast? -u-E, x *C . a) It's very hot. Let's sip some soft drink?
L v Breakfast y B--/ A Jagadish: I know that to chewing killis is not
/ C. j soft drink sip
. -? good. I will try to give it up. l?
Lakshmi: Ok, then; here you are. Here's the Unni: Most of the days we have idli at home. *-C--E , --E v-Aoh. Soft drink = cool drink -
snack you are after. \- x x B/ A.
chew = -, - A. (u) Eo -d soft drink L.
. C y ---o A-- a) Doctors tell us to chew food well
Hard drinks, alcoholic drinks (beer,
. -Eo NL A-Edoctors h. whisky, etc)
(snack = A--! - b) The dog is trying to bite and chew the bone
b) They are sipping coffee sitting in their gar-
. You are after = y
- x - - - 86
\ - J --E v-Ao-
hC.
den.
---o/ -o) aE sip h-o.
Kavitha: Oh, these chips are crisp and
crunchy.
chips
------o
Lakshmi: So do I find them too. Let's buy one
more packet.
, -o. packet
They swallowed public money
. Anil: We take idlis only one day a week. Each
Kavitha: The other day Trishal bought some c) He is chewing gum.
Now practise the fol-
day we take something different. I don't (chewing) gum
mirchi bajjis for us. They were terribly -o. lowing aloud in english:
like to eat idli everyday. I like to eat dosa 3) Prakash: Why don't you eat slowly? You are
hot. We had to gulp down glasses of Namrata:
t, cup
very much. I have coffee every morning swallowing food in a hurry.
water because of it. coffee
y--
o V vA N-- @b and tea every evening. F t-C A--? - ?
a. N -- o! -V v x B- N-h-o. Leela: p-
Pranav: I am in a hurry. No time to chew and
*-F} Lq *aC. . vA-V y A. W cups
Lakshmi: I was there that day. Don't you x A d-. A d. swallow.
? M. SURESAN
remember? Thank God, we had l , v tea B-. NL N--E time . L F?
some chocolates near by to snack - -? \- have, take, eat, A - o. Namrata: Ev-hC. exam.
Swallow = N.
and feel relieved. n . Drink h T -- -E.
a) Lord Siva swallowed poison, so his throat is
-\ o, h-. \ n o- p-, E have/ take \- Leela: .
black.
chocolates p-J* T_-- . Eat, drink , A, Namrata: j A---y?
o. vv- \. P -Eo N. -E Leela: A--L-y? (A-- english .
(Thank God A--)
.
a) Eating too much is bad \ A, *-C- )
b) The Tablets are bitter, so I swallow them.
Kavitha: Trishal kept chewing something get . Namrata: -- A- N-
rid of the heat of the chilly, later he
tablets . -E E N-h. Leela: Coffee , tea . xq
\- eating having nEo y-- c) He swallowed a lot of water
had a stomach trouble too. He swal- . ---o y?
Fx N. Namrata: Eo tablets N-. x .
lowed some tablets to be relieved of b) Drinking coffee so often upsets your health d) The minister swallowed a lot of public money
it. Leela: F, .
- coffee -uEo -- vA v--Eo N-.
Trishal _--E - Namrata: D . \ h. l
hC. 4) srikanth: I am very thirsty. Can I have some
- o. y -E - \ having, taking -a, F drinking tablets -. E N
water, Ramesh?
trouble C. v x \ clarity C. C. * FRx-y?
.
N. Answer:
--x p - have/ take Ramesh: It's quite hot, isn't it? Here, take it.
Namrata: Mom, why don't you give me a cup of
vo: Wedding card, marriage day \ -. / C . C coffee?
---? -- --? Karim: Here is coffee please have it. B. Leela: You have already had two cups of
u VLp- M, - Srikanth: One glass won't do (will not do). I can coffee. How much more do you want?
:
C, B
Ravi: I have had two cups of coffee already. I gulp down a whole jug of water. Namrata: I feel very sleepy. A little coffee will
a) Wedding , marriage Cl don't wish to have any more. glass jug
Fx . Fx -- keep me awake.
C. v-- v p- p . - - E - p . C. Leela: Then take tea.
J Rx wedding. Marriage - d . (won't do = will not do = ; will do = . Namrata: Won't you give me something to eat?
i x- Registered marriage Karim: Have some milk then. ( B)
Rs 20000/- a day will do for me. Leela: Shall I give you Jantikalu?
N a. V 20000/ . Namrata: I have been chewing/ munching only
India v- v J RxE Ravi: I never take milk. ( - ).
marriage . America, Britain \ take drink -a. Have
a) He
gulp = \, gulp down = \ N-.
drank it in one gulp
jantikalu till now.
Leela: You talk of coffee and tea, but are you
wedding \ -, v-- ? \ \ . taking the tablets?
v J-T. I never have milk _ p
b) When the medicine is bitter we gulp it down Namrata: I cannot swallow so many tablets.
b) Wedding Rx v J-N. n hC d. our throat Leela: Atleast take the medicine/ syrup
Marriage x--, Rx -A j- So, have, take, eat and drink OE
@N . -E-: op, -E \ ( syrup )
i) It was a happy wedding
- A, n \ Nh. Namrata: That's bitter too. I just gulp it down/
\- -. 5) Sita: How about some hot Coffee, Poorna? take it in a gulp. No, I'll take the
2) A, - --o Poorna: Nothing like sipping hot coffee on a
Rx - J-TC.
ii) Theirs has been a happy marriage tablets. Swallowing them is easier
x Rx/ j- @N - -C. . N l. cold evening like this. than taking the syrup.

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II --- --C 25 -- 2005
Sravanthi: Come Pratibha, just munching zan- Chandra: I enjoy it. Why don't you munch
tikalu isn't going to help us. Let's some too.
think of solving the problem. ( C -. y
(A- - x v- Eo )
. -u J-\ -*l) Bhaskar: Go on. Munch till your teeth ache.
Pratibha: (I) can't help it Sravanthi. They are so You don't know how you irritate me.
crunchy and delicious. You have
Munch on and become fat.
them too. Here help yourself to
some.
(-A-, -A-, F x p d
( - ---- * . F - *- !
? y A. . h B) u -- )
irritate = J-- ' \ - =- b) She committed suicide by consuming poi-
I can't help it = - -N--- -- ----. Vamsi:
N j o A. --
son.
(-p-) *, p-. u N favourites.
Help yourself = (A-C/- ---j) B\. n C munch - -- -N- T t-u -C. Dinesh: Doctors - A *-
Sravanthi: I'd rather have crisp potato chips . chew -o - c) Bhima consumed all the food that was meant
-. C Vitamin \.
than those zantikalu. v. Chew J (\, for Bakasura.
Vamsi: V v - . *
( A- --- potato chips x) -, * --N-. -- --*a- H --- potato chips Aa. E
A--C) a) \ ---o A-.
Pratibha: Here are some but they have gone
-j - Aa.
He is chewing a bit/ piece of cane. d) He consumed a kilo of cake in 10 minutes
soft.
t --h-C-p.
b) toffee E ---C. cake () 10 EN-x A-. Dinesh: -l . u
(\ Eo o, E N h--- She is chewing a toffee. consume conversation l -J * biscuits
-) (toffee = p-- Gx--C) - - . C u. (American English- cookies) d-
Munch h --. -- d, ju (legal and medical) -a. ------o! h

lick = J--- \ -. Ice cream Aa.
a) He is licking a cone of ice cream a) Doctors advised him against consuming fatty
-x--- 87 ice cream cone --o. substance
Vamsi: Chewing gum a?
Dinesh: -. N - N-L,
---E--hC.

She is biting a crisp apple

Vamsi: V *- - ho. .
Answers:
Dinesh: This guava is crisp. How about a bite?/
Why don't you have/ take a bite?
Vamsi: I will eat any number of them (any
Sravanthi: In that case I'd (I would) like to have b) The cow is licking its calf y -n --lE number= j o). Guavas, especially
an ice cream or some soft drink. -C (calf = ) () the crisp ones/ crisp guavas are my
ice cream
dx a.
( A--C favourites.
soft drink)
O A-, -x . b) The post mortem
p j -- N l. Dinesh: Even doctors recommend consuming/
soft drink = cola, orange bottled showed that the

Crunchy (v* ' \ -) eating of guavas, They contain a lot of
drinks - - p cool drink deceased had con-
crisp = ---- fresh () o. Vitamin C.
, correct name soft drink;
sumed alcohol
hard drink (beer, whisky N) crunchy/ crisp biscuits = ---- M. SURESAN Vamsi: You come to my home this evening.
uA-. o biscuits. E-- h You can eat crisp/ crunchy potato
Pratibha: Don't you remember the warning -, p- A-E d--- --F-- T-x --K-~ LC. chips. Before that you can have/ enjoy
against consuming soft drinks? They -p? N crunchy crisp o-p (Post mortem - d = --K~.) delicious gulab jam. My mother is mak-
contain pesticides. ? crunchy/ crisp appadalu or vadiyalu. c) People who consume tobacco may get can- ing them now.
(E ---o a-J J*? (O English ) Dinesh: Let's go to my place first. My uncle
cer
- --C.) Currency notes N h- , A -- brought biscuits/ cookies from America
Sravanthi: But who cares? Moreover, haven't
( A--x cancer a.)
-- T-L N crisp. this morning. How crunchy/ crisp they
you seen the recent ads that they , people who chew are! You can also eat/ lick some ice-
Potato chips crisps.
are safe? tobacco .
Apple x , juicy ( cream.
(.. d----o? N v- ) , N crisp. -s-Eo-d O conversation Vamsi: Did he bring/ get chewing gum too?
-O E u v-- -
 Sudha is biting a crisp apple
. -- effective C. Dinesh: A lot of it. The more you chew it, the
y?) Now practise the following aloud in English:
apple more you feel like chewing it.
(recent = u, ad = advertisement = - o ---C.
v-)  Here is a crisp guava; have a bite Dinesh: C, - C. Vamsi: That's a good way of spending a holi-
Pratibha: OK then. No drinks now. Have the ice A? (bite ) day. Let's go.
-C, J .
cream and enjoy licking it. Guava = y, y \ -, /-
drinks Ice cream enjoy
-v-o: a) 'Shopping'
(. p .
licking = b) Miss plural, misses, mister plural

delicious= * o, -j.
.) -.
lesson continuation
-- lesson
a) N - * ---C. N-s-N-*C? messrs, Mrs plural -. OE J*
A, - - -J-* b) Miss, Mister, Mrs. JEo N- o lessons .
The Mango is very delicious.
---. Last lesson have/ take - plural p. c) Come tE, come on
(B-)/ eat (A)/ drink (); b) x * *-i- --- -f-h. c) Come, Come on t, --d -.
The restaurant serves a very delicious food.
chew = -; swallow = N (s
), gulp = \, sip = p-Jh c) t * -C.
n N? ---: 1) ---C- = flood victims 2)
-J--* ---o. My mother cooks very deliciously.
- -Tx g-N = fool moon; 3) -u = new
p . 1. C-, moon 4) English Coin box -a.
p j -- : Munch; delicious- L- (L \ -).

consume = (-u u \ -)
crunch; delicious; crisp; consume; lick.
2. g N , 3.- u , 4. , 5. J, 5) --J Correct English .

Munch: (' \ -) = ( n NE--T- - 6.TL, 7.--, 8.pJh. priest/ purohit -a F j n-.
N consumer's court- NE--- >.v-, -b---- 6) TL = t spittle; -j A-o
---: a) Shopping. English j -E
-. l a-x.
Bhaskar: Could you stop munching those - d) TL left over. 7) :
ground nuts? If you like to, keep the consume A, E n '-ing' Jh u E n hC. N , English x = The
noise low. C. C -- 'shop' --E -v-u -. (four) elements (earth, air, fire and water)
( -- - -? -- a) He consumes a lot of alcohol House, housing; book, booking, etc., 8) --pJh = resourcefulness.
-- l T_) ---. - C .

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II --- -- 27 -- 2005
Ganesh: Would you have another idli? Krishna: Fancy some more upma/ another
( x ?) dosa?
Harish: No, I am full. (h t/ B-?)
( A-. EC) Laxman: Sorry. I am full.
Ganesh: Just two idlis and you say you've (you ( A-. EC)
have) had enough. Manoj: Don't force us when we are full
(-A-oN - x. p -- please.
o) (tLo - , -
Harish: You are wrong. I've taken four idlis, E--)
that too with sambar. I can't eat conversation full simple
another thing. word x--a.
O , L- ; fat,
A big eater = N d A-
Krishna: Atleast some more tea? (h ?)
(y -p-C p. x, stout, plump.
A poor eater = J ---E-.
Laxman: Why the hell don't you listen? We
D Ao. A-.) d) -C. a) Bhima was a big eater.
(That too = C ) have had enough.
She has became very fat. H --- v (A- --a)
Ganesh: Perhaps you are afraid you may put
(N- ? AoC . A)
e) - = He is stout. b) Perhaps because of his fever he eats only a
(why the hell = N-, -.
on weight. Idlis or no idlis you gain Fat v, stout little now. Even otherwise he is a poor eater.
weight if you don't have any exercise.
l-x, u- --Lq x -
-) h d . (yx - \ A-o. y
I do eat a lot, but you can't say I am f) , h l C. -- l A- )
fat. She is not so fat; She is plump ] Now practise the following aloud in English:
(--y -\--E ----o. Sx N--E-l. Ravikanth: --hC. Hotel Rx
j exercise - x Ao A--
-, -\---. \-- -x--- 88 E -x--p
.
j A?
Prashanth: A--E- . --l
A, E o E )
(put on weight = - = -)

She is plump
Harish: O stop lecturing. I don't want to eat
any more only because I am on a full
stomach.
( -u . EC
d A-)
Ganesh: If only Jayaram were here he would Krishna: I am on a full stomach too. I can't eat
p -L o-p Heavy
finish off atleast 6 to 7 idlis. You are a another thing.
l. breakfast
poor eater. I enjoy seeing Jayaram

L = hunger, -L o = hungry.
( EC. -v A-) Ao.
eat. Fo ' E x . Ravikanth:
l-Eo*
-J .
(- \- p- x O - *o *o expressions conversation- a) - -L C A-
T---. y . practise . He is very hungry (He is hunger E -.) .

When you are on a full stomach, you nibble.
A-- a-- b) -L C = I am starving. E. BJ-- M. SURESAN
hC) (O E- nibble h. Starve n = A h- ---C.
Harish: You are not a big eater either. You jj Cl--Cl - \ A- E, -L C n Prashanth: F Hotel --E u-
have eaten only four like me. ) Starve , Conversation . E EC.
(y l A-- .
You nibble when you are not hungry. a) x -L o. x -A---E.
--y -- -- x AoC) L -p nibble h. TL L. Ravikanth: F company y, . A
- lessons -. d nibble = -d A/ The Children are starving. I must cook some .
A, A--E -C-*-E - TL . thing for them first. Prashanth: -, - -L o-xC F?
h C -. -C A- [Suppose you eat too much, you may put on (\ x - -L o-E -n. Ravikanth: p-. l-Eo* S.
-x-, -C AE x- weight = \ Ao---, O -a. h-o-E ) ( : --o. Hotel-
. J A ---x --C-*- suppose = -. b) t, - --hC . o-d. ( - - \ -) lodge-
expressions Eo . a) y -n AE - d . Mom, I am starving. Serve the food/ let me
u- - - - -t --. lodge
1. I am full; 2. I have had enough; I don't like to eat fatty substances and gain/ have the food/ Give me something to eat.
u - - ----n, F-
3. Can't eat another thing. put on weight. G - - Restaurant - Z--
c) j A--EhC.
expressions Fo E-, b) u - - -u. I feel like eating some thing.
-\ --.)
v A-E J-n-x o-p of late he has put on a lot of weight. h j d . Answer:
. c) - = He is over weight. Let me have some thing to eat. Ravikanth: I am very hungry/ am starving. How
about eating something in a restau-

-v-o: -Eo verbs -y- off, away, up - -- ----L?--: go
-- --} --E -n. -- --R}-C ----E she went --
-J---C -. -- she went away --E --
---L?- -- peel -- -B---, ---T-- --E -n
-. -F - verbs -y- off -- - -- ---Lq-
h-C? "I will peel off you, if you do it again. Be care-
ful" - -u- peel verb -y- 'off' --- -p-E?
- 'flung' verb -y- away -- - --? --R}-C
----E went, --h- ----E will peel --E, ---C
----E flung -- -- -- -n-Eo -%-d- -d-
d-?--- verbs -y- off, up, away -- -- -- --
N--J--.

O-od peel - (t N). \ peel rant?
restaurants eateries/ fast food
off
L-- (DE, - E -E-: L-- ( u
joints
d p E -hC .) E -o)
Prashanth: I don't feel like eating anything/ I

(usage) C Dictionary n-E-o, grammar rules o
am full/ I am on a full stomach. (I)
had a heavy breakfast this morn-
\ h-. - - -, --
o force E - went away, peel off, flung away ing.
(flung- N--, flung away- N-J--- -hC .) Ravikanth: I haven't had anything to eat since
- verbs * h. N --x v- (standard) morning/ I have been on an empty
-, N --- N -Eh-C. stomach since morning. Something

Eo -s- up, away N a--x, n J--C--. or the other kept me busy.
He has gone. He has gone up -hC . Prashanth: I don't mind going to the restaurant
-.-C-u, ---
- RxC --E, Rx--C --E with you. But I cannot eat a thing.

---: - * vo. N h---L. p, C. ----E *-\-d, ----E *-\-d- O C. Ravikanth: Just give your company. I'll take
care of the eating part.
--j- -- n -C. *-\-d- force \ . English .
Prashanth: You appear to be starving.
C. They beat him. (x ----E d)
Ravikanth: I told you. (I have) been on an

She went o-p ' RxC n clear hC. They beat him up. (x ----E d-).
empty stomach since morning.
- (usage) she went away o-p force \.

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm

II --- - 29 -- 2005
Naresh: Hi Ajitha, have you finished reading

vo N- u
the book?
. - u-E-j a vo
(h - Jh?) ? ? ? ? -
Ajitha: Yes, here it is. -hC. *a --. F eng-
(... --C--. -C, B) lish C u.
Naresh: (It's) interesting, isn't it?
sentence * a *o *o
(Interesting C?) Questions Question tags - C
Ajitha: Quite. You buy such books quite often, C . question
don't you? tags - - frequent v
(Jh. books
- - , u --i T--E-hC.
?)
English Question tags correct form
Quite = Jh. Conversation h conversation - -y a) ... isn't it? b) ... is it? c) ... doesn't he? d) ... 1) Stem (Hyderabad is not bigger than Mumbai)
one word responses, h sentence did she? e) ... don't you? f) ... can't I? h-o *, comma --:
hC.
reply y -
Question Question tag :- . C p h--d--L. Hyderabad is not bigger than Mumbai,
- C. -N practice Question C h sentence C sentence ... is it? ques- 2) Verb, stem is
comma
d, Eo y
. C. tion tag -h. C J--E p -- h:
Naresh: That's right. I find them a good source Eg: Are you very busy? o ? Hyderabad is not bigger than Mumbai, is
of general knowledge. You found this (O busy o?)
p question tag form 3) Stem not
-C d, tag not .
book so, didn't you? C h sentence. l: 4)*-J tag question mark
y --.
General Knowledge
(d. N a-
Question tag , sentence * question tag form Lq u, Sentence:
p h
N . h -- a sentence v. Sentence Hyderabad is a beautiful city - -. Hyderabad is not bigger than Mumbai, is it?
, ?) N , question tag Eo stem . -C.
source, j J n . DE-E question tag form - ---... (j-- lC , ?)
Eg: You are busy, aren't you? 1) Add a comma at the end of the stem:
Hyderabad is a beautiful city, Now practise the following aloud in English:
busy
(O o, ?)
Aren't you? Question tag.
\ N 2) Note the verb. Sankar: -\ p batsman, ?
-x--- 89 sentence
you?
question tag
Aren't
n ?
verb, 'is'
\
h:
comma
? Eo y Tarun:
Sankar:
E Dravid steady , ?
- *o-- test player
o ?

You like coffee, don't you?

Tarun: -E--- Bharat team ,
y--- ?
Sankar: N. Tests highest number
of centuries d x l
Indians, ?
Tarun: Kapil Dev and Srinath p
Ajitha: Sure. It gives a lot of information. You

Question tag form Hyderabad is a beau- bowlers x . X
don't usually lend your books to oth- ?
ers, do you? - (? E ? ? tiful city, is p batsman ? --
(Correct. information - Ox j --) english Question 3) Sentence stem
bowler batsman p
C. - F h- --y- tag, vA sentence E verb d - not
, ?
J y, ?) -C. C form a- , -E- - Answer:
Naresh: I don't. I gave one to you because I Eo question tags examples l. u: Sankar: Tendulkar is a great batsman, isn't he?
know you are prompt in returning. a) India is a large democracy, isn't it? - stem not M. SURESAN Tarun: But he is not as steady as Dravid is
, question tag he?
Once you lend a book you are not sure ( l v-yu --, ?)
not , stem not - tag not Sankar: He was a test player at a very young
whether you get it back, are you? b) English isn't difficult to learn, is it?
*a- contracted form (C-* ) age, wasn't he?
(y. y -p- time AJTh English a-- d , / -?)
n't hC. Tarun: A Player like him on the Indian team is
d F v a. -J h c) He knows English, doesn't he?
Hyderabad is a beautiful city. not - a matter of pride for India, isn't it?
h C AJT h- t , (-EEnglish , ?) Sankar: One more thing. The first two among
d) She didn't sing well yesterday, did she?
-d,
?) Hyderabad is a beautiful city, is n't h. those who have scored the highest
prompt = time J_ ( Eo J -, ?)
number of test centuries are Indians,
e) You like coffee, don't you? 4) *-J Hyderabad 'it' C aL. E
Ajitha: You haven't lost books by lending, y question mark dL. p Jh aren't they?
have you?
(F d ?)
Sentence: Tarun: KapilDev and Srinath were great
f) I can bat as well as Tendulkar, Can't I?
(y *a h--L--- ( -\- bat -- ?) Hyderabad is a beautiful city, isn't it? bowlers, weren't they? Srinath wasn't
d, ?)
examples
j -E- ? - Eo- (j--- -i , ?) a great batsman, was he? Even Kapil
Naresh: I make sure that I get them back, if at ? E h, English Sentence
vA
Hyderabad is not bigger than Mumbai. Dev wasn't as great a batsman as he
all I lend. * question tag , ... stem
Question tag
h? was a bowler, was he?
(AJ--ad -, y
J-T.) vo: a) 11 .. --. :
If at all = j- - I sleep at 11 PM 1) Nothing but = C p O.
-\- - \. b) 11 .. - This is nothing but cheating.
If at all I go = -x J-T. I do not sleep at 11 PM C p -O.
conversation practice . c) OEo --? 2) Ofcourse n *a- E. -j
When do you sleep? EvCperiod sleep.
v
Ajitha: You appear to be busy. I am not keep- o N-Eo U--J-h-o-p
a) Sleep for 7 hours a day. .
ing you from your work, am I?
j u j-, ?
(y busy o-d-o. O .u, j-- 7 EvC-h = Ev . 'Isn't the movie good?' (E C .)

?) : -- (Ev) = go to bed EvC---E -- sleep.

C go to bed.
'Ofcourse it is' ( C/ )
a) I go to bed at 11 PM = 11 --. 3) 'Ofcourse not' - 'C E.

, j -- *o, *o vo- Ev-- = get up (from bed)
b) I do not go to bed at 11 PM. A: Is India a rich country?
-u sentence - b) I go to bed at 11 and get up at 6.
c) When/ At what time do you go to bed? ( E ?)
E . u *-- I sleep at 11
(\ I sleep from 11
. B: 'Ofcourse not. It is infact a developing
-J go to bed sleep
, PM to 6 AM -a.) country.
vo: 'Nothing but'- 'of course'- 'ofcourse not"
' E vo- - -E- ? N-J.

'? '? '! '? E *o
English sleep EvC- E. English ( . -G%Cl -o )
vo conversation , E- sleep p point of time - -O n N? OE u- Of Course not - ---.
y, english E-y-, -, - --T-L? -N--J---. ( OC L o-x).
, , j--
--E Ev -v-N-, - --
-. E Ev-- -E-.
Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
II --- --E 31 -- 2005
Varun: Hi Anand, you are ready, aren't you? They were here last night, weren't they?
(y l- o, ?) *a -- Question tag
Anand: I am ready, but you are not in a hurry, o Sentences -E l.
are you? 1) You are ready, are n't you?
ready
( . E y - -- (Comma + Verb (are) + n't (no not in stem) +
, ?) subject (you) + question mark)
(hurry= ) 2) You are not in a hurry, are you?
Varun: Not that I am in a hurry, but (I am) just (Comma+Verb (are) (no n't in the tag here
making sure we can start at any time. because there is 'not' in the stem) + Subject
Not that I want to trouble you, but can (you) + Question Mark)
you get me a ticket for the match
Stem Verbs d Question tags -
a) Madhu cannot ( = can't) sing, can he? Chitra sings well, doesn't she?
( - oE . -. C stem Question tag l. b) Bhaskar will not (= won't) come, will he?
p --- p -l David is coming. \ Verb 'is coming' - Stem not --. p does she E
c) Sheela shall not (=shan't) sing, shall she?
am, is, are, was, were, will, would, shall,
E n. -E-o -v-- ----E -. v hC.
h -u- ticket *a-?) should, can, could, may, might, must, need,
Stem I regular doing words (come, go,
Chitra does not act, does she?
Not that = - --E .- --C -- --- sing, etc), II regular doing words (come, go,
ought, have, has, had combinations o Now practise the following aloud in English.
- ---- -. sing etc.), past doing words (came, went,
Verbs tag
h OE v B. Ravi:
---L next test --o,
Anand: Once we start here we can reach there song etc.) question tags form
v-h
tag
O y a / .
in twenty minutes, Can't we? L. ?
( \ -l-J 20 EN----\ [ Ist lessons spoken english a-- Aswini: *- n J.
-- ?) oC h- --a-. Ravi: -x Kaif B- ?
Varun: Even earlier than that. But where is a) Ist regular doing word not F ques- (B- = drop. remove E -a)
Arun? He said he would be coming too,
didn't he?
-x--- 90 tion F , do + I regular doing Aswini: Kaif . Eo
word -C. go (+ not / ?) = do (not) go
B- u ?
Arun
( --. F ?

You are ready, are n't you?

h-E p, ?)
Anand: He did of course. But we need not wait
for him, need we?
wait
(o--. F -E-
-\-x, ?)
Varun: Let's go then, shall we?
( l?)
David is coming -
\ verb is coming. (Is b) 2nd Regular Doing word not
- *- F Ravi: J Laxman
Question tags - ? Combination
o verb C. tag is Question F , does + 1st
Question tag form --C -J
A ?
v hC.) Regular Doing Word -C. goes (+
a) David is coming, is n't he? (David 'he') Aswini: .
h--. not \ ?) = does (not) go.
1) They are here, are n't they? b) Geetha and sita are playing. stem Selection com-
c) Past doing word not question
-F
(Rx-\--o, ?) verb: are coming: tag are v hC F did + Ist regular doing word - mittee Laxman
j Sentence 'They are here'- Eo ? d question tag. C. went (+ not / ?) = did (not) go ] -
stem ; aren't they? (= ?) Geetha and Sita are playing, aren't they? 1) Sehwag and Dravid play well. bad treat M. SURESAN
Eo Question tag . (Geetha and Sita (x) they) verb play (1st regular doing word).
\ C ?
2) Question tag form -p, stem \
j --- E sentence: not
C / question do play
-C . Ravi: Selectors merit vu y
comma . We can reach there in twenty minutes, can't Sehwag and Dravid play well play = do ?
3) Stem Verb -E*, Eo comma we? (cannot , can't) \ verb can play. question tag do
d , hC. E Answer:
\ h. reach, so tag v hC. n't L,don't , E y Sehwag
4) Stem not -, tag Verb n't Ravi: Sourabh is playing in the next test,
C : and Dravid they
, . d h
-. n't . isn't he?
Many heroes cannot sing. sentence C ?
5) Stem Subject a- -I/ we/ you/ C question tag Aswini: Finally (at last) he has got a place on
Sehwag and Dravid play well, don't they?
he/ she/ it/ they *-- --; Many heroes cannot sing, can they? Stem not
*a---, ptag do
the team.
6) Question mark (?) h. (stem not C, tag not . Verb can they v hC. Ravi: Because of that they have dropped
Example. sing - tag can v hC) Laxman and Dravid don't (do not) bowl, do Kaif, haven't they?
They were here last night, - C stem

-E- -Lq-N. they? Aswini: Kaif plays well too, doesn't he?
DE Question tag: Stem will + -, not -, question tag
II regular doing word (comes, goes, Removing/ dropping him is unjust, isn't
1) Comma: They were here,
2) Comma y Verb- \ stem Verb,
won't (will + not) hC. (d) N) *a--psleeps hC ? does it?
a) Ganguly will play in Pak series, won't he? - Stem
not
L does n't doesn't Ravi: What about Laxman in the past?
'were' - They were here, were
b) Tarun will come with us, won't he? . - ? Aswini: Yes, the selection committee has treat
3) Stem, 'they were here' not d, tag
verb n't (not) -. (j sentences \-j will not a) Chitra sings well. \ verb... sings (2nd Laxman badly, hasn't it?
-Lq -h won't -C) regular doing word). C not / question
They were here weren't (verb- has treated, d has v hC,
4) Stem Subject, \ 'they' tag *-- shall not - L q- h , shan't does sing -C . E n't L does-
tag )
--: they were here, weren't they -C, (d) n't (d size ) , E
y Chitra , she . p Ravi: The selection do not give importance
5) Question mark h: Question tag
can, will, shall stem not tag
h sentence C ? to merit, do they?
Sentence C : can, will, shall not h.

-v-o: Continuous tense - -passive voice - Passive Voice:

A lesson is being taught by me
O Passive: \ being + past C-h-o Eo
-a-p- --v- b- eing --Th-E Lessons are him/
participle -E-. C-h-o -
--. -E -x-vA-x - - A lesson is being taught by me
C-h-C
her/
---Th-o. B- eing -- -s-x them Lessons are him/ her/
y C-h-o
---Th ---. you/ us/ them
O/ x C-h-o
-vQ-E--, -d Active Voice: / C-ho
---: Active Voice E verb 'ing' form
I/he/she was teaching a lesson O passive:
n:
We/you/they were C-----o.
A lesson was being taught by me/ us/
passive voice being + past participle O n: /
Lessons were him/ her/
hC. F/O//x
....... C-h-o Eo you/ them
eg: Active Voice: am/ is/ are + ing form (- passive v- J- )
..... C-h-o - =
 was teaching, were teaching
/ / t-/ / / O/ x
verb (p --o EE -LN) -p- ....... C-hC
active forms was being/ were being +
C-----C/ C----
I am teaching a lesson/ y ...... C-h-o taught h. -o ()
He/ She is lessons O, x ..... C-h-o I/ he/ she was teaching a lesson x being + PP form hC.
They are /- .... C-ho We/ you/ they were lessons

Spoken English -- -u- -x ---.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm