-Ç-C-¢√®Ωç 16 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2007
Spurthi: Sure, climbing up this small hill is
easy. Let's start.
(Ñ *†o-éÌç-úø†’ áéπ\úøç Ææ’©¶µºç. •ßª’-©’-
üË-®Ωü∆ç.)
Pranathi: Saying is easy but doing is difficult.
We haven't had walking practice for
long.
(îÁ°æpúøç ûËLÍé é¬F îËߪ’úøç éπ≠dçæ . î√™«-
é¬-©çí¬ †úøéπ ´’†èπ◊ Å©-¢√ô’ ™‰ü¿’).
Spurthi: That's right. But I still feel walking up
the hill isn't any difficult. Why don't we
try? I feel debating whether to start or
not is wasting time.
(ÆæÍ®. éÌçúÁ-éπ\úøç Åçûª-éπ≠dçæ é¬ü¿ØË Å†’-èπ◊ç-
ô’Ø√o. ´’†ç áçü¿’èπ◊ v°æߪ’-Aoç-îª-èπÿ-
úøü¿÷? •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-ü∆´÷ ´ü∆l ÅE ûªJ\ç-
-éÓ-´úøç Æ洒ߪ’ç ´%ü∑∆ îËߪ’-úø¢Ë’.)
Pranathi: OK. As you wish. Let's start.
(Å®·ûË é¬Eß˝’. •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωü∆ç.)
Spurthi: Just a few minutes. My brother
Sreekar is coming. He will join us in a
few minutes.
(é¬ÊÆ°æ¤ Çí∫’. ´÷ ņo Xéπ®˝ ´Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.
éÌCl éπ~ù«™x ´’†Lo éπ©’-Ææ’h-Ø√oúø’.)
Pranathi: Isn't there your other brother too?
Having as many people as possible
is always good.
(O’ ÉçéÓ brother èπÿú≈ ÖØ√oúø’ éπü∆?
É™«çöÀ Ææ´’-
Saying is easy but doing is ..
ߪ÷™x áçûª
áèπ◊\´´’çC
Öçõ‰
´’ç*C.)
Åçûª
Spurthi: That's right.
The more the merrier.
(Å´¤†’ Åü¿çûË. áèπ◊\´ ´’çC, áèπ◊\-´-
Ææ-®Ωü∆.)
Ééπ\úø, The more= áçûÁ-èπ◊\´ ´’çü¿’çõ‰, the
merrier= Åçûª-Ææ-®Ωü∆.
merry= ¢Á’J– '¢Á’— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç = Ææ®Ωü∆.
Pranathi: By the time we get down the hill, it
will be evening. Do you think any
coffee and snack shops will be open
then?
(´’†ç éÀçCéÀ CÍí-ô-°æp-öÀéÀ ≤ƒßª’ç-vûª-´’-´¤-
ûª’çC. Å°æ¤púø’ coffee, snacks (öÀ°∂œØ˛)
shops ûÁJ-ç-ö«-ߪ’ç-ö«¢√?)
Spurthi: Don't worry. There will be plenty for
you to eat and drink. My brothers are
getting them.
(Worryé¬èπ◊. AØËç-ü¿’èπ◊, û√Ííç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√™«
Öçö«®·. ´÷ brothers ûÁÆæ’h-Ø√o®Ω’.)
Pranathi: We had better start. Your brothers
will catchup with us, as they climb up
faster than us.
(´’†ç •ßª’-©’-üË-®Ωü∆ç. O’ brothers
´’†Lo îË®Ω’-èπ◊ç-ö«®Ω’, ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†-éπçõ‰
ûªy®Ωí¬ áèπ◊\-û√®Ω’ 鬕öÀd.)
catch up with= ´·çü¿’-†o-¢√-∞¡x†’ îË®Ω’-éÓ-´ôç.
It will be difficult for us to catch up with
Japan in technology=
≤ƒçÍéAéπ®Ωç-í∫ç™
´’†ç ï§ƒØ˛ ≤ƒn®·éÀ îË®Ω’-éÓ-´ôç î√™« éπ≠dçæ .
Spurthi: OK then. Here we go.
☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ ☺ tence †’, Infinitive (to + 1st Regular Doing
Introductory 'It', 'There' ûÓ ´’†çsentences
ᙫ begin îË≤ƒh¢Á÷, ÅN spoken English ™ áçûª
frequent Å®·çD ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç éπü∆? Ñ lesson
™ OöÀéÀ v°æû√u-´÷o-ߪ÷© í∫’Jç* ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
Look at the following sentences from the
conversation above:
1) Climbing up the hill is easy.
2) Saying is easy but doing is difficult.
3) ... walking up the hill isn't any difficult
4) Debating whether to start or not is a waste of
time.
5) Having as many people as possible is
always good.
Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
Ñ sentences é¬Ææh ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ °æJ-Q-Lç-îªçúÕ. ÅFo
èπÿú≈ '...ing' forms ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-´’-´¤-ûª’-Ø√o®·.
Éçûª-èπ◊-´·çü¿’ îª÷¨»ç éπü∆– '...ing' form èπ◊–
®√´ôç, A†ôç.. É™«çöÀ Å®√n©’ ´≤ƒh®·.
e.g.: 1) Eating too much is not good =
áèπ◊\-´í¬ A†ôç ´’ç*C é¬ü¿’.
2) Smoking is bad for health =
§Òí∫°‘-©aúøç Ç®Ó-í¬u-EéÀ îÁúø’.
°j sentences from No 1 to 5 ÅEoç-öÀéÀ èπÿú≈
É™«çöÀ Å®√n©’ ®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
1) Climbing up the hill is easy =
éÌçúÁ-éπ\ôç Ææ’©¶µºç.
É°æ¤púø’ ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ. Ñ sentence ™
climbing èπ◊ •ü¿’©’ to climb ¢√úÌa Å®Ωnç ´÷®Ω-
èπ◊çú≈. Åçõ‰ É™«çöÀ Ææçü¿®√s¥™x '...ing' form èπ◊
•ü¿’©’ 'to + 1st Regular Doing Word ¢√úø’-éÓ-´îª’a.
Å™«Íí, Ñ È®çúÕçöÀ •ü¿’©’, introductory 'It' èπÿú≈
¢√úÌa (To + 1st Regular Doing Word -
Infinitive).
Climbing up the hill is easy =
Ç éÌçúÁ-éπ\úøç Ææ’©¶µºç =
To climb up the hill is easy =
It is easy to climb up
the hill.
N’í∫û√ sentences
èπÿú≈ É™« ´÷®Ωa-´îª’a.
îª÷úøçúÕ.
2) Saying is easy but doing is dif-
ficult =
îÁ°æpôç Ææ’©-¶µº¢Ë’, é¬F îËߪ’ôç éπ≠dçæ =
To say is easy but to do is difficult=
It is easy to say but (it is) difficult
to do.
3) Walking up the hill isn't any dif-
M.SURESAN
ficult =
éÌçúø°jéÀ †úø-´ôç àç éπ≠dçæ é¬ü¿’. =
To walk up the hill isn't any difficult =
It isn't any difficult to walk up the hill.
4) Debating whether to start or not is a
waste of time =
To debate whether to start or not is a waste
of time =
•ßª’-©’-üË-®Ω-ü∆´÷ ´ü∆l ÅE ûªJ\çîªôç Æ洒ߪ’ç
´%ü∑∆ =
It is a waste of time to debate whether to
start or not.
5) Having as many people as possible is
always good =
áçûª-´’çC Öçõ‰ Åçûª Ææ®Ωü∆ =
To have as many people as possible
®·†çûª´’çC Öçúøôç)is always good =
It is always good to have as many people as
possible.
îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆: É™«çöÀ, Åçõ‰ °j† îÁ°œp† Ææçü¿-
®√s¥™x ´÷vûª¢Ë’, '...ing' form ûÓ v§ƒ®ΩçGµçîË sen-
Word) ûÓí¬F, Introductory 'It' ûÓí¬F v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµ≤ƒhç.
´’J-éÌEo examples îª÷ü∆lç.
a) Discussing this topic with him is useless =
To discuss with him this topic is useless =
It is (It's) useless to discuss this matter with
him. =
Ñ N≠æߪ’ç Åûª-EûÓ îªJaç-îªúøç E®Ω’-°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç.
b) Teaching children needs a lot of patience=
°œ©x-©èπ◊ ¶Cµç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√™« ã®Ω’p Å´-Ææ®Ωç=
To teach children needs a lot of patience =
It needs a lot of patience to teach children.
Introductory 'it' ûÓ éÌçîÁç higher level
ideas express îËßÁ·îª’a.
a) It requires a lot of effort to scale the moun-
tain=
Ç °æ®Ωyûªç áÍé\ç-ü¿’èπ◊ î√™« v°æߪ’ûªoç Å´-Ææ®Ωç.
(require = Jéπyß˝’– éπy ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç=
Å´-Ææ®Ωç.scale= climb up = áéπ\ôç.) =
To scale the mountain requires a lot of
effort=
Scaling the mountain requires a lot of effort.
(effort-
á°∂æö¸– 'á— ØÌéÀ\
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç= v°æߪ’ûªoç/
v¨¡´’)
b) Being here at this
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 358 time is dangerous =
EXERCISE 1
Practise aloud the following
using introductory 'it', or
introductory 'there'.
Sambhu:
ñ«ví∫-ûªhí¬ ¢Ë®· Ç ™„éπ\.
Correct
í¬ Öçúøôç
á°æ p-öÀé Ã ´’ç*C.
Vishnu: Ééπ\úø ü¿í∫_®Ω ü¿í∫_®Ω ´çü¿èπ◊
N’ç* °æ¤Ææh-é¬-©’-Ø√o®·. äéÌ\-éπ\öÀ
™„éÀ\çîªúøç Åçûª Ææ’©-¶µºç-é¬ü¿’ éπü∆?
Sambhu: Eï¢Ë’. ü∆EéÀ î√™« ã®Ω’p 鬢√L.
é¬E ´’†¢Ë’ç îËߪ’™‰ç ü∆E
N≠æߪ’ç.
Vishnu: ÉçÍéç °æü¿l¥A ™‰ü∆ DEo ûª°œpç-îËç-
ü¿’èπ◊. É°æ¤p-úÕC îËߪ’ôç Åçûª
´·êuç, Å´-Ææ-®Ω-´‚Ø√?
Sambhu: Complaint îËߪ’-ôç-´©x v°æßÁ÷-ï†ç
™‰ü¿’. ´’†ç ÉC îËߪ÷-LqçüË.
Vishnu: ´’†ç ÉC îËߪ÷Lq®√´ôç ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠d-æ
éπ®Ωç. àç îË≤ƒhç. é¬Eß˝’.
ANSWER
Sambhu: Be careful how you count/
(O©- count carefully. It is always
good to be accurate.
Vishnu: There are nearly more than a
hundred books here. It isn't
easy to count them one by one,
is it?
Sambhu: That's true. It requires/ needs a
lot of patience, but we can't
help it.
Vishnu: Isn't there any method to avoid
this? Is it so important and
urgent to do it now?
sambhu: There's no use complaining.
We have to do it.
Vishnu: It is important we have to do it.
What can we do. Let's do it
then.
°j sentences ™ introductory 'it' ûÓ
v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µº-¢Á’i† sentence †’ ...ing' form ûÓí¬F,
infinitive ûÓí¬F v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-´-îËa¢Á÷ îª÷úøçúÕ.
2
™ î√™« Ñ Ææ´’-ߪ’ç™ Ééπ\úø -Öçúøôç v°æ´÷-ü¿-éπ®Ωç =
To be here at this time is dangerous =
It's (it is) dangerous to be here at this time.
Look at this now:
a) That you are late is surprising =
†’´¤y Ç©Ææuç 鬴-ô-´’-ØËC Ǩ¡a-®Ωuçí¬ ÖçC =
It is surprising that you are late.
Å®·ûË Ééπ\úø infinitive ûÓ sentence v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îªôç
èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’. Å®·ûË ...ing form ¢√úÌa.
Your being late is surprising (are ÅØËC 'be' form
鬕öÀd ü∆EéÀ being ÅØËC ...ing form Å´¤-ûª’çC.
Important: That he is late ...É™« that ûÓ sen-
tences begin îËߪ’úøç spoken English ™
Å®Ω’ü¿’. É™«çöÀîÓôx, introductory 'it' ´÷vûª¢Ë’ Ææ£æ«-
ïçí¬ Öçô’çC. That ûÓ sentences †’ begin
îËߪ’ôç ûÁ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´úøç
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-í∫-éπ®Ωç, Å®·ûË
ü∆Eo spoken English
™ ¢√úø-èπ◊çõ‰ ´’ç*C, it
ûÓ v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îª-úø¢Ë’ better.
EXERCISE 2
Match the words under A with their mean-
ings under B.
A B
1 Cowardice A slip
2 Durable B break/ destroy
3 Recur C throw
4 Lapse D happen again
5 Smash E lasting
F fear
KEY: 1 F (°œJ-éÀ-ü¿†ç) 2 E (´’Eo-éπ-í∫©– î√™«-鬩ç
Öçúøôç– ´Ææ’h-´¤©’) 3 D (°æ¤†-®√-´%-ûª-´’-´úøç/ ´’Sx
´’Sx ï®Ω-í∫úøç) 4 A (§Ò®Ω-§ƒô’) 5 B (üµ¿yçÆæç
-îË-ߪ’ôç/ •ü¿l©’ éÌôdôç)
-v°æ-¨¡o: Money, cash, payment,
amount..
-O-öÀ-E -á°æ¤p-úø’ -á-™« -
Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√-™ -ûÁ-©’°æí∫-©®Ω’.
-ï-¢√-•’: 1) Money- Ø√ù«©÷, cur-
– -áç.Ææ-ûªu-Ø√®√-ߪ’-ù, £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛.
rency ®Ω÷°æç™ (10, 100, 500, 1000
®Ω÷§ƒ-ߪ’© ØÓôx™) Ö†o úø•’s Money. ÉC O’ ü¿í∫_®Ω,
O’ Éçöx, O’ Bank ™ Öçúø-´îª’a.
2) cash- ÉC èπÿú≈ Ø√ù«©’ (coins) currency notes
(Rs. 10,100 ØÓôx ®Ω÷°æç™) Ö†o-úø¶‰s. ÉC O’
ü¿-í∫_®Ω, O’ Éçöx, à ê-®Ω’a-ÈéjØ√ ready í¬ Ö†o úø¶‰s.
Bank ™ O’®Ω’ -ü∆--èπ◊†o úø•’s, money Å´¤-ûª’çC
é¬F cash é¬ü¿’-éπü∆? •ßª’ô O’èπ◊ Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™
é¬F, Bank ™ é¬F Ö†o -úø•’s money. v°æÆæ’hûªç O’
Åçü¿’-¶«-ô’™ O’ ü¿í∫_®Ω/ O’ Éçöx Ö†o †í∫ü¿’/
®Ìê^ç cash.
3) Payment = ÉC ´’†ç 1) ÉçéÌéπ-JéÀ îËÊÆ îÁLxç°æ¤.
2) îÁLxç-*†/ îÁLxç-î√-Lq† ¢Á·ûªhç. ÉCcash (†í∫ü¿’)í¬
鬴a, cheque, DD, postal order ü∆y®√ 鬴a.
4) Amount = áçûª úø•’s -ņoC.
What is the amount you have paid?
(áçûª/ à ¢Á·ûªhç úø•’s îÁLxç-î√´¤?)
a) I've paid some amount
éÌçûª/ éÌçûª ¢Á·ûªhç ´÷vûª¢Ë’ îÁLxç-î√†’.
b) I have to pay some more amount
؈’ Éçé¬ éÌçûª îÁLxç-î√Lq ÖçC.