í∫’®Ω’-¢√®Ωç 7 -Çí∫Ææ’d 2008- Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛ 2

èπ◊éπ\©’/ °æçü¿’©’/ °œ©’x©’ ™«çöÀ ïçûª’-´¤©’

D. Ganesh, Perumali
Q. Cell, Jail, Prison, Trial -
OöÀ Å®√n-©Fo äéπ-
õ‰Ø√? N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Jail = Prison = 鬮√-í¬®Ωç. Jail, Prison È®çúø÷
äéπõ‰. Cell Åçõ‰ 鬮√-í¬-®Ωç™ ë„jD©†’ ÖçîË äéπ
í∫C. v°æA Jail/ Prison ™ cells áØÁj oØ√
ÖçúÌa. Police Station ™E lockup í∫C
èπÿú≈ cell.
Trial èπÿ °j ¢√öÀéà àç Ææç•ç-üµ¿ç-™‰ü¿’ Trial Åçõ‰,
äéπ ´uéÀh ØË®Ω-Ææ’nú≈, é¬ü∆ ÅE ûË™‰aç-ü¿’èπ◊ court ™
ïJÍí Nî√-®Ωù.
Q. é¬èπ◊© í∫’ç°æ¤-†’ Murder ÅF, éπ°æp-© -í∫’ç-°æ¤†’
Army ÅE ņoõ‰x– Éçé¬ É™«çöÀ ´’çü¿©
í∫’Jç* îÁ°æpçúÕ.
äéπ\≤ƒJí¬ ÑØË °œ©x-©-í∫’ç°æ¤- litter, etc
Q. Exams ®√ÊÆ-ô-°æ¤púø’– American English †’
¢√úÌî√a?
A. India ™ ÅC Ç¢Á÷ü¿ç é¬ü¿’.
Q. Tall ÅØË adjective E Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç* Noun, Adv,
verb í¬ ´÷Í®a éÌEo ¢√é¬u©’ ûÁ©’-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Tallness- noun= §Òúø’í∫’. Å®·ûË DE Ö°æ-
ßÁ÷í∫ç î√™« Å®Ω’ü¿’. Ñ ´÷ô Ö†o-°æp-öÀéÃ, áèπ◊\-
eg: Some animals can hear much better
´í¬ §Òúø’í∫’/ áûª’h ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ tallness •ü¿’©’ A. Being = Öçúø-ôç-´©x.
than humans. Singular A
height ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
í¬ Å®·ûË,
Being a human = ´÷†-´¤-úÕí¬ Öçúøôç ´©x. Ñ
human being ÅØË Åçö«ç.
Tall- adv- Stand tall ÅØË idiom ™ ´÷vûª¢Ë’, Å®ΩnçûÓ, O’ sentence, Being a human, he
Q. It being a hot day, it is better to take an
tall, adverb í¬ ¢√úøû√ç. DE Å®Ωnç, à °æJ-Æ œn-A- behaved like a ghost èπ◊– ´÷†-´¤úÁj Öçúø-ôç-´©x
ØÁjØ√ áü¿’-®Ó\-ØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ Æœü¿l¥çí¬ N¨»y-ÆæçûÓ Öçúø-í∫©. vÊ°ûªçí¬ v°æ´-Jhç-î√-úøØË N°æ-K-û√®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC.- umbrella. It
¢Á·ü¿ö -áç-ü¿’èπ◊ -¢√-úø-û√®Ω’?
A. It being a hot day, it is better to take an
Though a human (´÷†-´¤úÁj ÖçúÕ èπÿú≈/ ´÷†-
umbrella- sentences 'it' sen-
´¤-úÁj-†-°æp-öÀéÃ) he behaved like a ghost= vÊ°ûªçí¬ É™«çöÀ ™
v°æ´-Jhç-î√úø’ ÅØË ÆæÈ®j† Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. È®çúÓC– tence It is raining
v§ƒ®Ωç-Gµç-îËç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢√úøû√ç.
´÷´‚-©’í¬ ´’E≠œ/ ´÷†-´¤úø’ ÅØËç-ü¿’èπ◊ 'a / It is dangerous to walk in the

-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù
(¢√† ´≤ÚhçC)
A. íÌvÈ®© ´’çü¿– A flock of sheep. middle of the road- it
´©™ ´’†ç °æô’d-éÓ-í∫-L-T† îË°æ©’– a catch/ a
486 human being' Åçö«ç. Human Åçõ‰ ´÷†´ (=
éÌEosentences
É™«. Ééπ\úø èπ◊, Å™«Íí
there
v§ƒ®Ωç-¶µºç™ ÖçúË èπ◊
´’E-≠œéÀ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† -Å-ØË -Å®Ωnç-ûÓ-ØË -¢√-úø-û√ç, é¬-F
haul of fish; v°æûËu-éπ-¢Á’i† Å®√n©’ ™‰´¤.

It being a hot day..

îË°æ© Ææ´‚£æ«ç (†C/ Ææ´·- Q. Keep your mouth be shut
vü¿ç™)- A shoal/ school of fish Mind your tongue
DEo ÅE
ØÁ´’-∞¡x-í∫’ç°æ¤/ Æœç£æ…-©-í∫’ç°æ¤– A Why should I?
îÁ°æp-´î√a? ÅE
pride of peacocks/ lions °j ¢√é¬u-EéÀ Ææ´÷-üµ∆-†çí¬ îÁ°æp-
´î√a?
Virendra Sehwag stood tall among the
•∞¡xèπ◊, ®Ωü∑∆-©èπÿ °æ‹ØËa áü¿’l©’/
A human = ´’-E-≠œ ÅØË
í∫’-v®√-©’ – A team of oxen/ horses. A. Keep your mouth shut (Keep your mouth be
Indian players= ¶µ«®Ωû˝ Çôí¬∞¡x™ OÍ®ç-vü¿-ÂÆ-
ûÓúË∞¡x/ ¢Ëô-èπ◊-éπ\© í∫’ç°æ¤- A pack of wolves/ shut Mind your
Å®ΩnçûÓ ¢√úøç. Å®·ûË é¬ü¿’– ÉC ûª°æ¤p)= ØÓ®Ω÷t≤Ú\.
£æ…yí˚ (äéπ\úË) à °æJ-Æœn-A-ØÁjØ√ áü¿’-®Ó\-í∫-L-í¬úø’,
hounds; tongue=
'ߪ’çvûª¢Á÷/ ïçûª’-¢Ó-é¬ü¿’, ØÓ®Ω’ Åü¿’-°æ¤™ °ô’déÓ/ ´÷ô©’ ñ«ví∫-
N¨»y-ÆæçûÓ, í∫®Ωyçí¬.
Why should I? =
´’EÊ≠— ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ, ûªhí¬ ®√F. ØËØËç-ü¿’éπ™«
Ñí∫©/ üÓ´’©/ ûËØÁ-öÃ-í∫©/ à éÃô-é¬-©-üÁjØ√/ <´’© Tall- Verb í¬ ¢√úøç. humans ÅE plural
í∫’ç°æ¤/ ü¿çúø’- A swarm; reply
îËߪ÷L?– ÉD Å®Ωnç– É™« îÁ§Òpa.
Q. Being a human- He behaved like a ghost. ¢√úøû√ç. A human ÅE
éÓúÕ/ ¶«ûª’ °œ©x© Ææ´‚£æ«ç- A brood; Åçõ‰ ÆæJ-§Ú-ûª’çü∆? M.SURESAN singular ¢√úøç.

G. Ravi Babu, Nirmal

Q. Journalist, Reporter, News
Contributor, Stringer, Columnist
°æü∆-©èπ◊ Å®Ωnç ûÁ©’-°æ¤ûª÷ OöÀE àßË’
Ææçü¿-®√s¥™x ¢√úø-û√®Ó N´-Jç-îª-í∫-©®Ω’.
A. Reporter, Stringer, Columnist-
O∞¡xç-ü¿®Ω÷ Journalists =
§ƒvAÍéߪ·©’. ¢√®√h-°æ-vA-éπ™x Éûª®Ω °ævA-
éπ™x (magazines ™«çöÀ) ®√ÊÆ-¢√®Ω’.
Reporter- ¢√®√h-°æ-vAéπ Æœ•sç-C™
äéπ®Ω’. O∞¡x†’ ûÁ©’-í∫’™ N™‰-êJ
Columnist - Contributor
Åçö«ç– ïJÍí Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†-©†’ ¢√®√h
°ævA-éπèπ◊ ®√≤ƒh®Ω’.
Stringer- O∞¡Ÿx ¢√®√h-°æ-vAéπ Æœ•sçC
é¬ü¿’ (Åçõ‰ ØÁ©-ÆæJ @ûªç-O’ü¿ °æE-îË-ÊÆ-
¢√-∞¡Ÿx-鬮Ω’) é¬F ã ¢√®√h-°æ-vA-éπèπ◊
N™‰-ê®Ω’x (reporters) ™‰E-îÓô ïJÍí
Ææç°∂æ’-ô-†-©†’, éπü∑¿-Ø√-©†’ °ævA-éπ™èπ◊
®√ÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx. O∞¡xèπ◊ ®Ωîª-†èπ◊ Éçûª ÅE
§ƒJ-ûÓ-≠œéπç Öçô’çC.
Columnist- O∞¡Ÿx °ævAé¬ Æœ•sçC
鬢Ìa/ é¬éπ-§Ú-´îª’a. O∞¡Ÿx °ævA-éπ-©™
àüÓ äéπ QJ{éπ (feature) E®Ωy-£œ«-Ææ’hç-
ö«®Ω’. °ævA-éπ-©™ column/ columns
(°ævAéπ Ê°@™ ÖçúË E©’´¤ ¶µ«í∫ç/
¶µ«í¬©’) ®√Ææ’hç-ö«®Ω’ 鬕öÀd, colum-
nists. O∞¡Ÿx èπÿú≈ Journalist ™‰.
ÑØ√úø’ °ævA-éπ™ ®√ÊÆ, èπ◊©-D-°ˇ-†-ߪ’u®˝,
†÷®√F, ®√´’-îªç-vü¿-í∫’£æ« ™«çöÀ-¢√∞¡Ÿx.
Contributor -
°ævA-éπ-©èπ◊,
newspapers èπ◊, magazines èπÿ
¢√∞¡xèπ◊ ¶«í¬ ûÁL-Æœ† N≠æ-ߪ÷© í∫’Jç*
®√ÊÆ-¢√∞¡Ÿx. O∞¡Ÿx journalists 鬆-éπ\-®Ω-
™‰ü¿’.

B. Premlal, Gandhari Anita, Khammam

îª÷Ææ÷h/ îª÷úøôç. èπ◊-Ø√o†’ (Åçü¿’™ ÆæçüË-£æ«ç-™‰ü¿’) ÅØË ¶µ«´çûÓ.
Q. ÆœE-´÷©’ îª÷úøôç ´©x ™«¶µºç àN’öÀ? DEo Seeing that the boy was weak, I helped Q. ' †’´¤y Eïçí¬ Åü¿’s¥-ûª-¢Á’i† Ö°æ-Ø√u-≤ƒEo éÓ™p-ߪ÷´¤— ´÷´‚-©’í¬ Å®·ûË, You missed, I met him yes-
ÉçTx-≠ˇ™ What is the use of seeing him= Ç èπ◊v®√úø’ ÅØË ¢√é¬u-EéÀ you did miss... ÅE Ö°æ-ßÁ÷-Tç-î√®Ω’. terday ÅØË Åçö«ç. Å™«Íí I do know him (I
movies? ÅE ÉC past tense ™E know him •ü¿’©’), He
Seeing movies is .. Öçúø
•©-£‘«-†çí¬
¢√éπuç 鬕öÀd Ééπ\úø you
I did meet him .. •ü¿ does sing (He sings
ņúøç éπÈ®-ÍédØ√? ôç îª÷Æœ/
A. É°æ¤púø’ îª÷Ææ’hç- îª÷Ææ÷h ؈-ûª-úÕéÀ missed ÅØ√L éπü∆. DE ’©’) ™«çöÀ sen-
úøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ ≤ƒßª’ç î˨»†’. í∫’Jç* ûÁ©-°æ-í∫-©®Ω’. tences, Ø√éπ-ûªúø’ ûÁL-
am/ is/ are seeing ÅE ņç (see éÀ A. You did miss ÅE í∫öÀdí¬ ØÌéÀ\-îÁ-°æp-ú≈-EéÀ Åçö«ç.
Seeing movies is a waste of time= ߪ’-éπ-§Ú-´úøç àN’öÀ? Åûªúø’ §ƒúø-éπ-§Ú-´úøç àN’öÀ?
îª÷úøôç ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, am/ is/ are + ing ÆœE-´÷©’ îª÷úøôç Æ洒ߪ’ç ´%ü∑∆. I did meet him yesterday= E†o ؈ûª-úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’- (§ƒúø-û√úø’) ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ, Åçö«ç.
form ™‰ü¿’) Å®·ûË seeing ¢√úÌa. Å®Ωnç,

O. Jeevan Wesley, Guda (Visakhapatnam Dist)

Q. Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ Ö†o-ô’-´çöÀ ®Ω£æ«-Ææu-¢Ë’-N’öÀ? Q. áçTL Q. Ñ®ÓV ´÷ûÓ ÖçúÕ ¢Á-RûË ¶«í∫’ç-ô’çC.
Q. éÀç-C-¢√-öÀ-E -Éç-Tx-≠ˇ-™ -à-´’ç-ö«®Ω’? A. What's the secret of the matter? A. Spittle (Ö´·t ÅØË Å®ΩnçûÓ). äéπ®Ω’ éÌçûª AE (™‰ü∆) Ñ®ÓV ´÷ûÓ ÖçúÌaí¬.
°∂æ©ç, ÅCµéπ °∂æ©ç, Åûªu-Cµéπ °∂æ©ç. Q. vÊ°¢˛’ äéπ ´’ç* ¶«©’úø’ Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ ûª† ´C-L† °æü∆®Ωl¥ç– áçT-LéÀ English ™ ´÷ô-™‰ü¿’. A. You can stay with us for today/ How about
A. ÉC Economics èπ◊ Ææç•ç-Cµç-*† N≠æߪ’ç. ûª´·túø’ îÁúøf-¢√úø’. Å™« AE ´C-L† °æü∆-®√nEo left over Åçö«ç. staying with us for today?/ Why don't you
°∂æ©ç= returns, ÅCµ-éπ-°∂æ©ç= very good Q. looked ©’é˙dí¬ îªü¿-¢√-©E O’®Ìéπ ™„Ææ-Ø˛™ stay with us for today?
A. Prem is a good boy but/ while/ whereas
returns, Åûªu-Cµ-éπ-°∂æ©ç= optimum returns. his brother is bad. Q. -ØË-†’ M.A. English îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o-†’. -Åç-
Q. Q.
You can stay with us ..
Nü¿u (education) ûª°æpE ؈’ îÁ°æpúøç ™‰ü¿’. - Å™« Å®·ûË á™«? -ü¿’èπ◊ -á-™« -v°œÊ°®˝ é¬-¢√--L?
A. M.A. English îËߪ÷-©-†’-èπ◊çõ‰, ¢Á·ü¿ô O’®Ω’,
ü∆çûÓ-§ƒô’ ´’ç* @Nûªç Öçú≈L. A. If so, how?
History of English Literature, Background
A. I don't say education is bad, but it should Q.
to the study of Literature books
Åûª-úÕE îª÷ú≈-©-†’-èπ◊- ™«çöÀ îªü¿-
be coupled with good life.
prescribed text books
†o-°æ¤p-úø™«x Ç N≠æߪ’ç ´’®Ω-*-§Ú-ûª’ç-ö«®Ω’. îÁ§ƒp®Ω’. ÉC ᙫ ≤ƒüµ¿uç? ´çúÕ. Ç ûª®√yûª îªü¿-
Q. ûª† ´’£œ«-´÷-®Ωn¢Á’i ´’†ç @Nç-î√L. A. Whenever I think of seeing him, I just A. K ûª®√yûª, ed (look + ed) ´ÊÆh ü∆Eo t í¬ ´çúÕ– guides ≤ƒßª’çûÓ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓçúÕ.
A. We must live for His grace. forget it. pronounce îË≤ƒhç. ÅC Öî√a-®Ωù. Writing practice ¶«í¬ Öçú≈L.

Spoken English -§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm