Hydraulics Prof. B.S.

Thandaveswara

TELUGU GANGA PROJECT

1. INTRODUCTION TO TELUGU GANGA PROJECT
Telugu Ganga Project is an interesting project formulated ( first it was initiated in

15.2.1976 and finally historic agreement was signed on 18.4.1983 and 25.5.1983

foundation ceremony was held) to utilize flood water of Krishna and Pennar rivers to

irrigate 5.75 lakh acres (2.32702 lakh ha) in drought prone areas of Kurnool, Cuddapah

and Chittoor districts of Rayalaseema and uplands of Nellore districts in Andhra

Pradesh besides conveying 15 TMC (424.75*106 m3 ) of Krishna water for Chennai city.

The scheme consists of 408 km long canal from Srisailam passing through the above

said 4 districts, and up to Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu border.

Financial Aspects
1. Estimated cost of the project (with 1983-'84 rates) Rs. 637.00 Crores.

2. Estimated cost of the project (as per 9/97 review report) Rs. 2470.00 Crores.

3. Share of Tamilnadu Government (as per 9/97 review report); Rs. 639.00 Crores.

4. Releases made by the Govt. of Tamilnadu: Rs. 512.00 Crores.

Inter State aspects

The three Krishna riparian states i.e., Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra and Karnataka

have agreed to spare 141.58 million m3 each from out of their shares for supply of

drinking water to chennai.

General Information
On 15.02.1976 the Prime Minister of India made historic announcement in Chennai city

about the project.

On 18.04.1983 at Hyderabad, the Chief Ministers of Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu

signed the Interstate agreement for the supply of Krishna water to Chennai city and to

irrigate the arid areas in Andhra Pradesh enroute.

On 25.5.1983, the project works were inaugurated at Chennai by the Prime Minister of

India.

Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh released water for irrigating 10117.5 ha in Kurnool

district on 05.08.1996.

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Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

The Government of Andhra Pradesh has accorded Administrative Approval for Rs. 1805

crores vide G.O. Ms.No.2, I & CAD (Projects Wing-TGP.I) Dept dt. 2.01.1996.

The Project was cleared from environmental and forest angles from forest conservation,

Ministry of Environment and Forests, New Delhi vide Lr. No. P - 97/84 - FC, dt 10.10.88.

The first planned scheme of drinking water supply for the Madras city was designed by

Fraser in 1866 and executed in 1872. Cholavaram and Red Hills (Irrigation tanks were

chosen as city water supply reservoirs). He built anicut across kusasthalaiar at

Thamarapakkam. The scheme was designed for a population of 0.47 million. The

Metropolitan area now controlled by Chennai Metropolitan Development Authority

covers now 1167 sq.km approximately. Sathyamurthysagar (Poondi reservoir) was built

in 1944 on (Kusasthalaiar river). City faced a severe shortage in 1947, 1954, 1968,

1972 to 1975, 1982, 1983 and 2000 to 2003. At this stage Telugu Ganga was planned.

In Jan 2002 a Rs. 200 crores was announced for lining the Kandaleru Poondi canal

carrying Krishna water to Chennai. It takes 4 days for the water to travel from release

point to zero point (the point at which the canal crosses into Tamil Nadu from Andhra

Pradesh). The Canal lining for 65 km was completed in a span of 15 months (Oct 2002

to Dec 2003)

The discharge released in

Oct 2000
1100 cfs from Kandaleru Dam ( the terminal
Jan 2001
storage point) = 31.15 m3s-1
Oct 2002

Tamil Nadu Zero point is 152 km from Kandaleru Dam. Release from Kandaleru on Nov

23 rd 2004 was 1000 cfs (28.32 m3/s) and quantity received at zero point is 483 cfs

(13.68 m3/s). The Canal part of Andhra Pradesh is called Satya Sai Ganga Canal.

Earlier it use to take 9 days for the water to travel the same distance.

Water availability
(i) Irrigation for 2.75 lakh acres (1.113 lakh ha) in Kurnool and Cuddapah districts with

Krishna flood waters: 821.18 * 106 m3

(ii) Irrigation for 1.21 lakh ha in Nellore and Chittoor districts with Pennar flood waters:

849.5 * 106 m3

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Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

(iii) For Chennai city: From Krishna basin: 424.75 million m3

Andhra Pradesh share: 141.58 million m3

Karnataka share: 141.58 million m3

Maharashtra share: 141.58 million m3

Main Components
A) Balancing Reservoirs

a. Velugodu Balancing Reservoir 9 MW

b. Chennamukkapalli: 15 MW

c . Somasila Reservoir

d. Kandaleru: 9 MW

B) The scheme consists of 408 km long canal from Srisailam Reservoir to Andhra

Pradesh - Tamilnadu border and further extends to 26 km in Tamilnadu till it joins

Poondi reservoir.

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Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Sri Sailam Reservoir

River Krishna
3.4 km long canal
315.73 m3s-1 Head
Regulator

Banakcherla
Regulator Srisailam Left Bank canal 140 km, 169.90 m3/s

Velugodu Balancing Reservoir (115 th km)

Regulator
140 th km
42.475 m3/s Brahmamgiri manthan

Chenna Somasila
mukkapalle
Reservoir
2831.168 m3/s 38 km long
Kandaleru River
Pennar River

113.267 m3/s 54 TMCFT (1.544* 109 m3)

152 km 15 TMCFT for drinking water to Madras (514.7 * 109 m3)

28.32 m3/s Zero Point

Feeder canal
Poondi Reservoir
14.158 m3/s

Red Hills Lake

28.32 m3/s
Chembarambakkam Lake

Krishna water supply Telugu Ganga Scheme as proposed in 1983

PRESENT STATUS
Status of drinking water supply to Chennai city

1. Date of release of drinking water to chennai city for the first time through K.P canal:

26.06.1997.

2. Quantum of water supplied during 1997-98: 84.95*106 m3

3. Quantum of water supplied during 1998-99: 84.95*106 m3

4. Quantum of water supplied during 1999-2000: 31.86*106 m3

5. Quantum of water supplied during 2000-2001: 111.58*106 m3

2. ZERO POINT (starting point at Tamil Nadu Border)

Zero point of the canal is specifically referred as the point at which the water is released

or let out from Andhra Pradesh State to the Tamil Nadu State. Zero point is constructed

carefully, with proper lining (rubble masonry) in the cement mortar 1:3. Drainage pipes

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Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

are provided in the retaining walls to drain out the water from the backfill of the canal at

suitable intervals. The major structure that is provided at Zero point is water measuring

flume which plays a crucial role in quantifying water releases from Andhra Pradesh. The

important details of the measuring flume are as follows.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Standing wave flume

For measuring the depth of water in the canal the small well is constructed in the canal

bank provided with vertical measuring depth. It helps in measuring the depth of water in

the canal by using which discharge can be calculated by using following equation:

2 2g
Q= Cf B2 H3/2
3 3
in which, B2 = throat width, (4m), Cf = Coefficient of Discharge (1.0), H = Head of water.

The following scale which is adopted for measuring discharge in usual operation of the

canal by using various depths of flow as follows

Depth of Discharge
Water (m) (m3/s)
1.70 15.05
1.80 16.53
1.90 17.86
2.00 19.89
2.60 28.59

Design of standing flume is done by Andhra Pradesh PWD based on the prevailing site

conditions. Design of standing flume is done by Andhra Pradesh PWD based on the

prevailing site conditions. The various parameters that has encountered in the design

are as follows

Design of the flume

1) Crest Level: 44.15 m (w.r.t MSL)

Flume width: 4.00 m

Flume length: 9.00 m

2) Design considerations

Standing flume design is as per BIS code 6063-1977.Earth pressure computation as

done as per T.V.A (Tennessee Valley Authority) Procedure. Unit weight of concrete 24

kN/m3. Unit weight of Earth Material 21 kN/m3. Angle of internal friction 35. For the

construction of the side wall (PCC) M 10 concrete was used. The aggregate selection

was based on IS 393-1970. For the construction of the foundation of the flume M7

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Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

grade concrete and 40 mm maximum size aggregate size. The coping slab is provided

which is of 150 mm thickness constructed using M15 grade concrete.

3. Meteorological station

At the zero point from the border of two states the meteorological station is located,

which is equipped with the following accessories for measuring various hydro

meteorological parameters which are as follows

Rain gages

a) Recording and

b) Non-recording rain gages

c) Anemometer,

d) Evaporimeter Class A,

e) Thermometer,

f) Wet Bulb Thermometer,

g) Dry bulb temperature.

Daily data are measured twice in a day at morning 8.30 am and evening 6.30 pm. The

information is useful in checking what the hydrology of that area is and this data is also

useful for finding or controlling the flow at the starting point.

3. CANAL STRUCTURES

The flow of water in the canals must always be under control. For this purpose, canal

structures are required. They help regulate the flow and deliver the correct amount of

water to be different branches of the system and onward to the irrigated fields.

There are four main types of structures

a) Erosion control structures

b) Distributing control structures

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Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

c) Crossing structures

d) Water measurement structures

4. CANAL AND THE STRUCTURES ALONG CANAL

The canal is constructed for discharging water from Kandaleru reservoir to Poondi

Reservoir which has total length of 152 km among which after 120 km downstream of

the Kandaleru reservoir the water is restricted only used for drinking purpose. The

stretch of length 25.50 km downstream to Zero point has been provided with cement

concrete lining.

Details about canal structure

The total canal length is about 120 km which is having overall 60 m top width and 32 m

height. At the zero point which is located 25.50 km upstream of the Poondi reservoir on

the border of TamilNadu and Andhra Pradesh. The canal is basically designed for the

following hydraulic particulars (Zero Point).

Design Discharge 28.532 m3/sec

Required discharge 28.32 m3/sec

Upstream width of the canal 8.60 m

Downstream width of the canal 7.40 m

Upstream bed slope 1 in 15000

Downstream bed slope 1 in 12000

Manning roughness n 0.018

The velocity for which the canal has designed is as follows:

Velocity at u/s of the canal 0.726 m/s.

Velocity at the d/s of the canal 0.794 m/s.

The canal section is designed for full water supply depth of 3 m and the canal bed

elevation is about 43.706 m above MSL at the upstream and 43.28 m at the

downstream.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

At the starting point they provided the measuring flume for quantifying the water. The

drainage pipes are provided at the sloping side of canal to drain out the water safely in

the canal from backfill along the canal length they are constructed various civil

engineering structures and some of them are as follows.

a) Meteorological station

b) Bridges over the canal

c) Culverts

d) Aqueducts

e) Regulating Structures

f) Siphon structures &

g) Energy dissipators.

h) Siphon Wells

A siphon well is a structure which is provided at the bank of canal at suitable locations

where the water is required to be transferred across the canal for irrigation purpose.

Along the TGC siphons wells were spotted at various locations.

5. CANAL LINING
Along the canal, failure of canal lining was encountered at various locations. The lining

was made up of pre-cast concrete slabs. One of the possible causes of failure may be

because of proper anchorage was not provided for the lining. One unique phenomenon

was that the failure of lining took only along the right hand side of the canal. This could

be attributed to the pressure exerted by the seepage water from tanks located along the

right bank of the canal.

6. TAIL END OF THE CANAL

The KP canal joins the Poondi reservoir at the tail end. At the tail end where it joins

Poondi reservoir, the slope of the canal is quite steep. In order to prevent the scouring

of bed due to high velocity attained by the water, energy dissipators are provided along

the bed at the region where the canal joins with the reservoir. The dissipators provided

in the canal were stones of different sizes uniformly spread over the bed of the canal.

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