QuizQ&A}

SMJC3293 Material Science

Prof. Miyake
Q1: steady state diffusion
Find the carbon diffusion flux
through the plate
Iron plate processed at
700 oC under given
conditions at right Steady State
CONST SLOPE
Carbon deficient gas
Carbon rich gas

D=3x10-11 m2/s
0 x1 x2
Solution: the carbon diffusion flux through the plate

J x1 D J x2 D
dC dC
dx dx Carbon Steady State
x1 x2
rich CONST SLOPE
dC/dx f(x) gas Carbon
i.e., the gradient is constant deficient
gas
For const dC/dx 0 x1 x2
D=3x10-11 m2/s

dC dC C C 2 C1

dx x1 dx x2 x x 2 x1 Use In Ficks 1st Law
dC
Thus the gradient J x D
dx
C 0.8 1.2 kg m 3

J x 3 10 11 m 2 s 80kg / m 4
x 0.01 0.005m
kg m 3
J x 2.4 10 9 kg m 2 s
80 80 kg m 4
m J x 2.4 g m 2 s
Q2: Temperature dependence of D
Q3 D = f(T)
Given Cu diffusing into an Al Bar Find new processing
At given point in the bar, x0, Cu time for 500 C to
concentration reaches the yield the desired C(x0)
desired value after 10 h at
600 C
For Cu in Al
D0 = 6.5x10-5 m2/s
C x0 10hrs @ 600C Qd = 136 kJ/mol

Surface conc.,
bar
C s of Cu atoms
pre-existing conc., Co of copper atoms
Example D = f(T) cont
Since by the erf
Recall the erf Diffusion x x0
1 erf 0 1 erf
Eqn 4 D 10hrs 4D t
600 500
C x, t Co x
1 erf For this Eqn to be
CS Co 4 Dt
True, need Equal
Since CS and Co Denoms in the erf
have NOT changed, D600 10hrs D500 t

C x0 ,10hrs 600 C Co C x0 , t 500 C Co

or
D600 10hrs
CS Co CS Co t
D500
Example D = f(T) cont.2
Now need to find D(T)
D follows an Arrhenius Qd Arrhenius activation energy
Relation in J/mol or eV/at
R Gas constant = 8.31 J/mol-K
Qd = 8.62x10-5 eV/at-K
D D0 exp
RT T Temperature in K

Where For Cu in Al
D0 Temperature D0 = 6.5x10-5 m2/s
independent exponential
Qd = 136 kJ/mol
prefactor in m2/s
Example D = f(T) cont.3
Thus D(T) for Cu in Al
Thus for the new 500 C
136000 J / mol
D 6.5 105 exp
8.31J / mol K T
46.92 10hrs
t 113.0hrs
In this Case 4.152
D600 = 4.692x10-13 m2/s
D500 = 4.152x10-14 m2/s
This is ten times
Problem Solution longer than 600oC
D600 10hrs
t
D500