UMTS Services

UMTS Services

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Contents and Session Aims

UMTS Services and
Applications In this session we shall look at
services and QoS issues in UMTS
! UMTS services
! QoS Bearer Architecture and
Architecture of a UMTS Attributes
Bearer Service ! Service Classes
UMTS Bearer Attributes ! Major Service Types

UMTS QoS Classes

Example UMTS Services

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UMTS Services and Applications

Office Information
Virtual Working Groups
Information Tele-working
Intelligent Search and Filtering agents Schedule Synchronisation
Internet Surfing
On-line media Special Services Telemetric Services
On-line translation Machine-Machine Services
Security Service
Local information Location Based Tracking
Hotline
Booking & Reservation
News
Tele-medecine Navigation Assistance Education
Travel Information Virtual School
Fleet Management On-line Laboratories
Communications Financial Services Remote Diagnostics On-line Library
Video Telephony On-line banking On-line Training
Video Conferencing Universal SIM & Credit Card Remote Consultation
Speech Home Shopping Leisure
Email Stock Quotes Virtual Book Store
Announcing Services Public Services Music on Demand
SMS Public Elections/Voting Games on Demand
Electronic Postcards Public Information Video-clips
Help Virtual Sight Seeing
Broadcast Services Lottery Services
Yellow Pages

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Architecture of a UMTS bearer service

TE UE UTRAN CN CN
edge node gateway
TE

End-to-End Service

TE/UE Local External Bearer

Bearer Service UMTS Bearer Service Service

CN Bearer
Radio Access Bearer Service Service

Radio Bearer Backbone Network

Iu Bearer Service
Service Service

UTRA FDD/TDD Physical Bearer

Service Service

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QoS Bearer Attributes

Maximum bitrate (kbps)
Guaranteed bitrate (kbps)
Delivery order (y/n)
Maximum SDU size (octets)
SDU format information (bits)
Transfer delay (ms)
Traffic handling priority
Allocation/Retention Priority

SDU error ratio

Residual bit error ratio
Delivery of erroneous SDUs
(y/n/-)

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Maximum bitrate
Maximum bitrate (kbps)
! Maximum bitrate can be used to make code reservations in the downlink
of the radio interface
! Its purpose is
" to limit the delivered bitrate to applications or external networks with such
limitations
" to allow maximum wanted user bitrate to be defined for applications able
to operate with different rates

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Guaranteed bitrate
Guaranteed number of bits delivered by UMTS within a time
period
Guaranteed bitrate may be used to facilitate
! admission control based on available resources and
! resource allocation within UMTS.
Quality requirements expressed by e.g. delay and reliability
attributes only apply to incoming traffic up to the guaranteed
bitrate

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Delivery order
Indicates whether the UMTS bearer shall provide in-sequence
SDU delivery or not.
The attribute is derived from the user protocol (PDP type) and
specifies if out-of-sequence SDUs are acceptable or not.
This information cannot be extracted from the traffic class.
Whether out-of-sequence SDUs are dropped or re-ordered
depends on the specified reliability

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Maximum SDU size

The maximum allowed SDU size
The maximum SDU size is used for admission control and
policing.

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SDU format information

List of possible exact sizes of SDUs
UTRAN needs SDU size information to be able to operate in
transparent RLC protocol mode, which is beneficial to spectral
efficiency and delay when RLC re-transmission is not used.
Thus, if the application can specify SDU sizes, the bearer is
less expensive

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SDU error ratio

Indicates the fraction of SDUs lost or detected as erroneous.
Note that by reserving resources, SDU error ratio performance
is independent of the loading conditions, whereas without
reserved resources, such as in Interactive and Background
classes, SDU error ratio is used as target value.
Used to configure the protocols, algorithms and error detection
schemes, primarily within UTRAN.

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Residual bit error ratio

Indicates the undetected bit error ratio in the delivered SDUs.
If no error detection is requested, Residual bit error ratio
indicates the bit error ratio in the delivered SDUs.
Used to configure radio interface protocols, algorithms and
error detection coding

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Delivery of erroneous SDUs

Indicates whether SDUs detected as erroneous shall be
delivered or discarded.
Used to decide whether error detection is needed and whether
frames with detected errors shall be forwarded or not.

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Transfer delay
Indicates maximum delay for 95th percentile of the distribution of delay for
all delivered SDUs during the lifetime of a bearer service
Delay for an SDU is defined as the time from a request to transfer an SDU at
one SAP to its delivery at the other SAP.
Used to specify the delay tolerated by the application.
It allows UTRAN to set transport formats and ARQ parameters
Transfer delay of an arbitrary SDU is not meaningful for a bursty source,
since the last SDUs of a burst may have long delay due to queuing, whereas
the meaningful response delay perceived by the user is the delay of the first
SDU of the burst.

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Traffic handling priority

Specifies the relative importance for handling of all SDUs
belonging to the UMTS bearer compared to the SDUs of other
bearers.
Within the interactive class, there is a definite need to
differentiate between bearer qualities.
This is handled by using the traffic handling priority attribute, to
allow UMTS to schedule traffic accordingly.
By definition, priority is an alternative to absolute guarantees,
and thus these two attribute types cannot be used together for
a single bearer.

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Allocation/Retention Priority
Specifies the relative importance compared to other UMTS
bearers for allocation and retention of the UMTS bearer. The
Allocation/Retention Priority attribute is a subscription
parameter which is not negotiated from the mobile terminal.
Priority is used for differentiating between bearers when
performing allocation and retention of a bearer.
In situations where resources are scarce, the relevant network
elements can use the Allocation/Retention Priority to prioritise
bearers with a high Allocation/Retention Priority over bearers
with a low Allocation/Retention Priority when performing
admission control

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Asymmetric Bearers
Uni-directional and bi-directional bearer services are supported.
For bi-directional bearer services, the attributes Maximum
bitrate and Guaranteed bitrate can be set separately for
uplink/downlink in order to support asymmetric bearers.

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UMTS QoS Classes

UMTS attempts to fulfil QoS requests from the user
Four traffic classes have been identified
! Conversational
! Streaming
! Interactive
! Background
Main distinguishing feature is delay sensitivity

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Conversational Class
Preserve time relation between information entities of the
stream - transmission and reception in the same order
Conversational pattern - symmetric
Real time - low delay required
Typically between peers
Example Applications:
! Voice
! Videotelephony
! Video Games

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Streaming
Preserve time relation between information entities of the
stream - transmission and reception in the same order
Highly asymmetric
Real time - relatively low delay required
Typically between server and client
Example Applications
! Web broadcast
! Video on demand
! Miscellaneous streaming multimedia

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Interactive
Request response pattern
Preserve data integrity
Relatively delay sensitive but not real time
Treated as non-real time packet based
Example applications:
! Web browsing
! Network games
! Location based services
! Database retrieval

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Background
Destination is not expecting the data within a certain time
Preserve data integrity
Treated as non-real time packet based
Example Applications
! Download of emails
! SMS
! Reception of measurement records

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UMTS Circuit Switched Bearer Services

Five Circuit switched bearer services have been defined:
! Speech
" Adaptive Multi Rate
! Transparent Data (Unrestricted Digital Information)
" 32kbps, 56kbps, 64kbps
! Transparent Data (Audio)
" 28.8kbps, 33.6 kbps
! Non Transparent Fax
" 28.8kbps
! Non Transparent Data
" 14.4kbps, 28.8kbps, 57.6kbps

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UMTS AMR Speech Codec

Standard codec likely to be the multirate coder developed for
GSM
! provides EFR quality for good channel
! provides good quality in poor conditions
The multirate codec has 14 combined channel and codec
modes
! codec produces 8 source rates (4.75, 5.15, 5.9, 6.7(PDC-EFR), 7.4(IS-
641), 7.95, 10.2 and 12.2 kbps(GSM-EFR))
! employs variable protection coding according to channel
! coding rate between 1/2 and 1/5
! puncturing used to match bit rate to channel

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Universal Personal Telecommunications

UPT means a user can be contacted wherever they are through
a single number
! User mobility rather than terminal mobility
The number translation capability of IN can be used to route a
call to a convenient and suitably equipped local terminal
! A number is associated with a person not a terminal or ID card

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Virtual Home Environment

The VHE means that a roaming user can access the services
that he would have access to on his home network
Ideally the user should not notice he is not in his home network
! Again VHE can be implemented in UMTS through the inclusion of IN
functionality

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SIM Application Toolkit

SIM Application Toolkit Features include:
! Profile Download
" To verify support of the SIM Application Toolkit by both SIM and ME
! Data Download
" To enable SMS to transfer data directly to an application on the SIM
! Proactive SIM
" To allow the SIM to operate the call control functions of the ME
! Menu Selection
" To enable an application on the SIM to create and operate a menu on the ME
! Call Control by SIM
" All dialled digits may be passed to an application on the SIM which may bar, modify
or allow the call

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Location Based Services

In many regions a Location Function is a condition of the
license
Location information may be provided on request from a client
application (in either the UE or CN)
There are three main types of location derivation
! Cell Identity Based
" Giving a position within the cells coverage area
! Timing Based
" Derived from relative timing measurements made on radio transmissions
! Network Assisted GPS
" A UE is equipped with a GPS, whose performance may be improved by
the network

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Questions
What are the four UMTS QoS Classes?
How might location be determined for location based services
in UMTS?
What is the maximum and minimum rate of the AMR speech
codec?

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Session Summary
In this session we have investigated
! QoS Architecture in UMTS
! Bearer attributes
! QoS Classes
! Example services such as the AMR

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