INTRODUCTION

Occasion of the report:

To complete the requirements of the course refrigeration and air conditioning system lab.

Objectives:

To calculate the cooling load needed to remove the amount of heat energy from a room by the
Refrigeration and air conditioning equipment to maintain the room at indoor design temperature
when worst case outdoor design temperature is being experienced.

Terminology:

Before we go further in cooling load calculations, we need to define and understand some
important terminology.

Sensible Heat Gain: is the energy added to the space by conduction, convection and/or radiation.

Latent Heat Gain: is the energy added to the space when moisture is added to the space by means
of vapor emitted by the occupants, generated by a process or through air infiltration from outside
or adjacent areas.

Space Cooling Load: is the rate at which energy must be removed from a space to maintain a
constant space air temperature.

A typical building cooling load consists of:

1. External Loads
2. Internal loads
 Both external and internal loads consist of sensible as well as latent heat
components
 Buildings in general may be either externally loaded or internally loaded.

In externally loaded buildings the cooling load on the building is mainly due to the heat transfer
between the surroundings and internal conditioned space.

In internally loaded buildings the cooling load is mainly due to internal heat generating sources
such as occupants or appliances or processes. For example: A theater.

Knowledge of whether the building is externally loaded or internally loaded is essential for
effective system design.
COOLING LOAD CALCULATION FOR A TYPICAL ROOM:

Cooling load for the room was being carried out using the CLTD method.

Room dimensions:

The room consist of two doors, one window and one attach bathroom.

Dimensions are as follows.

Length of room = 24 feet

Height = 10 feet

Width = 10 feet

Door 1 length = 6 feet

Door 1 width = 3.5 feet

Door 2 length = 6.5 feet

Door 2 width = 2.5 feet

Window length= 4 feet

Window width = 3 feet

Equipments:

 2 Fans
 4 energy saver bulbs
 1 printer
 2 Laptop computers
 1. : External Cooling Loads:

Cooling Load through walls:

Wall # 1:

Q= UACLTD

U = overall heat transfer coefficient

A = Area of wall
CLTD= Cooling load temperature deference
R= 1/hi + L/ka + L/Kb + L/ka + 1/ho
hi = 9 w/m2.K
ho = 18 w/m2.K
ka= thermal conductivity of sand cement mixture= 1.1
kb = thermal conductivity of fire brick = 0.6
R= 1/9 + 0.075/1.1 + O.1016/0.6 + 0.075/ 1.1 + 1/18
R= 0.47
U= 1/R = 2.12
From table 11 ( ASHRAE 1997) we can select A7 100mm brick
Select Wall # 10
For south east wall at 3pm temperature CLTD = 18
CLTDC = (25.5-Ti) + ( Tm – 29.4)
Ti = 25, Tm = 41+25/2 = 33
CLTCc = (25.5-25)+ (33-29.4) = 4.1
CLTD Corrected = 18+ 4.1 = 22.1
Area = 22.3 m2
Q= (2.12)(22.3)(22.1) = 1045 watt
WALL # 2 ( SOUTH WEST WALL)
Q=UA∆T

∆T = To – Ti

To = 37, Ti = 25

∆T = 12

R= 1/9 + 0.075/1.1 + 0.1016/0.6 + 0.075/ 1.1 + 1/9

R= 0.53, U= 1.89

A = 9.29 m2

Q = (1.89)(9.29)(12) = 210.7 watt

WALL #3 (NORTH WEST WALL)

Q = UA∆T

U = 1.89

Area = 19.68 m2

Q = (1.89)(19.68)(12) = 446.34 watt

WALL # 4 (NORTH EAST WALL)

Q = UA∆T

U= 1.89

A = 7.78 m2

Q = (1.89)(7.78)(12) = 176.45 watt

ROOF:

Q = UACLTD

R= 1/9 + 0.1016/0.6 + 0.075/1.1 + 1/18

= 0.40

U = 2.47
At R = 0.40 Roof no.1 ( from ASHRAE 1997 )

CLTDc = (25.5-25)+(33-28.4)

= 5.1

For roof No. 9 temperature at 3 pm is 20 ( from ASHRAE 1997 )

CLTD Corrected = 20+ 5.1 = 25.1

Q = (2.47)(22.29)(25.1)

= 1382 watt

DOOR # 1:

Q = UA∆T

75mm wood door k = 0.121 ( ASHRAE 1997 )

R = 1/9 + 0.075/0.121 + 1/9

R = 0.842

U = 1.19

A = 1.95 m2

Q = (1.19)(1.95)(12)

= 27.85 watt

DOOR # 2:

Q =UA∆T

R = 0.842, U = 1.19

A = 1.51 m2

Q = (1.19)(1.51)(12)

= 21.56 watt
 WINDOW:

Q = UA∆T

Glass thermal conductivity = 0.8

R= 1/8 + 0.010/0.8 + 1/9

R = 0.249 , U = 4.02

A = 1.11 m2

Q = (4.02)(1.11)(12)

= 53.55 watt

2. INTEERNAL COOLING LOADS:

OCCUPANCY:

No. of occupants = 3

Qsensible = qs x n x CLF

Qlatent = qL x n

qs, qL = sensible and latent heat gain per person

n = no. of people

CLF = Cooling load factor for people

Under normal, very light work

Qs = 72 watt, ql = 45 watt ( ASHRAE 1997 )

Qsensible = 72 x 3 x 1 = 216 watt

Qlatent = 45 x 3 = 135 watt

LIGHTS:

Q = W x BF x CLF

BF = Ballast factor
 BF = 1.25 for fluorescent lighting

BF = 1 for other lighting

Q = (4)(25)(1)(1)

= 100 watt

FANS:

Q = PEF CLF

EF = fan efficiency

Q= (2)(75)(0.75)(1)

= 112.5 watt

Laptop:

A typical laptop processor is designed to dissipate somewhere around 50 Watts of heat at

maximum, and at idle it sits somewhere around 15 Watts. 

Taking average we get 32.5 watt

For two laptops heat dissipated

Q = 2 x 32.5 = 65 watt

VENTILATION:

Qs = 0.0204 cmm x ∆T

Assuming ventilation air per person to be 0.424

Qs = (0.0204)(0.424)(3)(41-25)

= 0.415 kw = 415 watt

QL = 50 cmm (wo –wi )

QL = 50 (0.424)(3)(0.014- 0.01)

= 0.2544 kw = 254.4 watt

Total sensible load:

 Qwalls + Qinternal + Qventilation

= 3363.45 + 493.5 + 415 = 4271.95 watt

Total latent load:

Qinternal + Qventilation

= 135 + 254.4 = 389.5 watt

Total load in TR:

Total sensible load + Total latent load

4271.95 + 389.5 = 4661.45 watt

= 4661.45 / 3516.7

= 1.325 TR