R.A.

9299 Republic of the Philippines June 25, 2004

NEGROS ORIENTAL STATE UNIVERSITY
NOHS (1907) I NOTS (1927) I EVSAT (1956) I CVPC (1983)
Kagawasan Ave., Dumaguete City, Negros Oriental, Philippines 6200
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND ARCHITECTURE
Main Campus II, Bajumpandan, Dumaguete City 6200

Air Conditioning Design

Engr. Marilou S. Tomentos

Faculty
College of Engineering and Architecture

by:

Angelo D. Silva
 Table of Contents

OVERVIEW

LAYOUT

ESTABLISHMENT PROFILE

FORMULA

AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN FACTOR

SUMMARY OF CALCULATED LOAD

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES

APPENDIX
 OVERVIEW

Air conditioning is the process of removing heat and moisture from the interior of an

occupied space to improve the comfort of occupants. Air conditioning can be used in both

domestic and commercial environments. This process is most commonly used to achieve a

more comfortable interior environment, typically for humans and other animals; however, air

conditioning is also used to cool and dehumidify rooms filled with heat-producing electronic

devices, such as computer servers, power amplifiers, and to display and store some delicate

products, such as artwork.

In this study aims to design an air-conditioning system for the three bedrooms of

Northville Subdivision (Del Rosario Dos) located in Sibulan, Negros Oriental. The study

includes the calculation of the total cooling load considering the different factors and choosing

the most appropriate type of air-conditioning device to provide comfort for the family.
 LAYOUT

NOTE: WHOLE HOUSE NEED TO BE AIR-CONDITIONED.

ESTABLISHMENT PROFILE

Establishment: Residential House

Location: Brgy. Boloc-boloc, Sibulan, Negros Oriental

Walls: Concrete

Windows: Aluminum Sliding Window (Living Room)

Aluminum Sliding Window (3 Bedrooms)

Ceiling: Plywood
Appliances

1. Living room

• Television

• Speaker
• Wall fan

2. Dining Area

3. Kitchen

• Rice Cooker

• Refrigerator

4. Bed Room1 (Master Bedroom)

• Electric Fan

5. Bed Room 2

• Electric fan

• Computer

6. Bed Room3

• Electric Fan

NUMBER OF OCCUPANTS

1 Living Room

• 0

2 Dining Room

• 0

3. Kitchen

• 0

. Comfort Room

• 0
5. Bed Room1

• 2

6. Bed Room2

• 1

7. Bed Room 3

• 1

Total number of occupants: 4

FORMULA
Using formulas in heat transfer through plain walls.

where:

q = heat gained, W
k = thermal conductivity of the material, W/m-K
T= change in temperature, K
A = area of walls, m²
t = thickness, m

Heat Gained by Solar Energy through a Glass Window

where:

A = area, m² exposed to sun

SHGF = solar heat gained factor for single sheet of clear glass, W/m-K
SC = shading coefficient
CLF = cooling load factor

Internal Heat Gain from Lights

where:

Fu = utilization factor (fraction of installed lamps in use)

Fb = ballast factor of fluorescent lamps usually 1.2 for common fluorescent fixtures
CLC = cooling load factors for lightning

AIR CONDITIONING DESIGN FACTORS

Heat Gained by Occupants

Maximum person in a certain time is 4. 2 person in room1, 1 person in room 2, and 1 person in
room(Master Bedroom) 3. All members are going to sleep,situation under normal circumstances
after work or school.
Sensible heat and latent heat gains are based on some considerations presented in the table 2.

Master bedroom
Q = (2x70) = 140 watts

Bedroom 1
Q = (1x70) = 70 watts

Bedroom 2
Q = (1x70) = 70 watts

“COMPUTATION FOR THE HEAT TRANSFER AT GROUND FLOOR”

Assumed Temperature: Outer = 32 ºC
Inner = 25 ºC
32 ºC + 273 = 305 K
25 ºC + 273 = 298 K
305 – 298 = 7 K

Using formulas in heat transfer through plain walls.

k ∆ TA
q=
t

Where,

q = heat gained, W

k = thermal conductivity of the material, W/m-K

𝛥T= change in temperature, K

A =area of walls, m²

t = thickness, m

Heat Gained by Walls, Windows and Door

Heat Transfer computation for wall with no door and window:

WALL: A = (b)(h) = 7 x 3 = 21m2
t = 0.15 m
k = 1.28 W/m-k (For General concrete thermal conductivity)
T = 7 K (change of temperature)

1.28 x 7 x 21
q=[ ] = 1254.4 x 2 = 2508.8 watts
.15

Heat Transfer of a wall with a window and door:

WINDOW AREA: A = (1.18 x 1.18) = 1.3924 m² x 3 = 4.1772 m2
DOOR: A = 2.10 x 0.8 = 1.68 m
WALL AREA MINUS THE WINDOW AREA AND DOOR AREA:
A = (21 – 4.1772 – 1.68 ) = 15.1428 m2

t = 0.15 m
k = 1.28 W/m-k k (For General concrete thermal conductivity)
T = 7 K (change of temperature)

q = [(1.28x7x15.1428)/0.15) = 904.52992 watts

WINDOW AREA: A = (1.18 x 1.18) = 1.3924 m² x 4 = 5.5696 m2

DOOR: A = 2.10 x 0.8 = 1.68 m
WALL AREA MINUS THE WINDOW AREA AND DOOR AREA:
A = (21 – 5.5696 – 1.68 ) = 13.7504 m2

t = 0.15 m
k = 1.28 W/m-k k (For General concrete thermal conductivity)
T = 7 K (change of temperature)

q = [(1.28x7x13.7504)/0.15) = 821.3572267 watts

Heat Transfer of a window:
The area of the window and wall has different value of heat transfer; therefore, the wall area with a
window must be subtracted to the window area.

WINDOW: A = (1.18x1.18) = 1.3924 m²

t = 0.0314 m
k = 0.96 W/m-k(For glass/window thermal conductivity)
T=7K
Total windows = 7

0.96 x 7 x 1.3924
q= = 297.9913376 watts x 7 = 2085.939363 watts
0.0314

Heat Transfer of a door:

Outside door:
Door A = 2.10 x 0.8 = 1.68 m²
t = 0.05 m
k = 0.113 W/m-k
T=7K
Number of doors = 2

q = [(0.113 x 7 x 1.4) / 0.05] = 22.148 x 2 = 44.296 watts

Note: Inside doors in Master bedroom and Tub & Bath doors as well as the wall inside are not
included because the temperature difference in both side is the same, thus equal to zero.
 “COMPUTATION FOR THE HEAT TRANSFER AT SECOND FLOOR”

WALL HEAT TRANSFER COMPUTATION

Heat Transfer computation for wall with no door and window:
WALL: A = (b)(h) = 7 x 3 = 21m2
t = 0.15 m
k = 1.28 W/m-k (For General concrete thermal conductivity)
T = 7 K (change of temperature)
Number of wall with no door and window: 3

1.28 x 7 x 21
q=[ ] = 1254.4 watts x 3 = 3763.2 watts
.15

Heat Transfer of a wall with a window:

WINDOW AREA: A = (1.18x1.18) = 1.3924 m²
Wall Area: bh = 7x3 = 21 m²
WALL AREA MINUS THE WINDOW AREA: A = (21 - 1.3924) = 19.6076 m2
t = 0.15 m
k = 1.28 W/m-k k (For General concrete thermal conductivity)
T = 7 K (change of temperature)
Number of windows = 2

q = [(1.28x7x19.6076)/0.15) = 1171.227307 watts

 Note: Windows area are not included.

Heat Transfer of a Window

WINDOW: A = (1.18x1.18) = 1.3924 m²

t = 0.0314 m
k = 0.96 W/m-k(For glass/window thermal conductivity)
T=7K
Number of windows: 2

0.96 x 7 x 1.3924
q= = 297.9913376 watts x 2 = 595.9826752 watts
0.0314

Note: Inside doors in bedroom 1 and 2 as well as the wall inside are not included because the
temperature difference in both side is the same, thus equal to zero.

Heat Gained by Solar Energy through a Glass Window

Bedroom windows are exposed to sun during 2:00-4:30PM. The formula

below is used to compute heat gained by solar energy through glass during the span of time the

wall and door is exposed to sunlight.

qsg = A(SHGF)(SC)(CLF)
where:

qsg = solar energy passing through a window, W

A = area, m² exposed to sun = 2.7848 m2 + (1.3924 m² x 2) = 5.5696 m²

SHGF = solar heat gained factor for single sheet of clear glass, W/m-K = 0.65 W/m-K

SC= shading coefficient = 0.83

CLF = cooling load factor = 0.77

qsg = 5.5696x0.65x0.83x0.77 = 2.313695384 watts

Internal Heat Gain from Lights

LED light capacity = 10 watts

Fu = 1
Fb = ballast factor of LED light usually 0.83
CLC = cooling load factors for lightning
q
q = 10x1x0.83x0.73 = 6.35 watts

Heat Gained from Appliances

APPLIANCES QUANTITY WATTAGE DIVERSITY LOAD

Television 1 82 0.5 41
Speaker 1 40 0.5 20
Wall fan 1 58 0.7 40.6
Rice cooker 1 450 0.8 360
Refrigerator 1 437.5 0.8 350
Electric Fan 3 60 0.65 39
Computer 1 55 0.67 36.85
Total heat gained 887.45 watts
TOTAL SENSIBLE HEAT

Sensible Heat of Occupants 280 watts

Heat Gained by Walls, Window and Door 11895.33249 watts
Solar Heat Gain 2.313695384 watts
Internal Heat Gain from Lights 6.35 watts
Sensible Heat from appliances 887.45 watts
TOTAL SENSIBLE HEAT (Qs) 13071.44619 watts

TOTAL LATENT HEAT

Occupant Respiration & Activities 350 watts

Moisture-laden outside air from infiltration 21 watts
TOTAL LATENT HEAT(QL) 371 watts

TOTAL REQUIRED THERMAL COOLING LOAD

QT = Qs + QL = 13071.44619+ 371 = 13442.44619 watt

Calculating the refrigerating capacity in Tons of Refrigeration (TR)

13.44244619 KW x (1 TR/3.52 KW) = 3.818876758 TR

After thorough calculation, analysis, consideration of the factors that may affect the air-
conditioning system, the researcher come up with a design that is most suitable for residential.

The researcher recommends the “Fujidenzo 6 HP (5 TR) Inverter Floor Standing Aircon, 7
Fan Speed”. I choose this type and brand because it can allow up to 4 TR refrigerating capacity.

It also utilizes a full DC inverter compressor technology in which use for optimum energy
savings and more importantly for low-cost bill.

For more specification about the product: https://www.exatech.com.ph/fip-600-g.html

Images:

APPENDIX

Table 1. Cooling Load Factors (CLF) for lightning

Hours after lights Fixture X, Hours of operation Fixture Y, Hours of operation

are turned on 10 16 10 16
0 0.08 0.19 0.01 0.05
1 0.62 0.72 0.76 0.79
2 0.66 0.75 0.81 0.83
3 0.69 0.77 0.84 0.87
4 0.73 0.80 0.87 0.89
 5 0.75 0.82 0.90 0.91
6 0.78 0.84 0.92 0.93
7 0.80 0.85 0.93 0.94
8 0.82 0.87 0.95 0.95
9 0.84 0.88 0.96 0.96
10 0.85 0.89 0.97 0.97
11 0.32 0.90 0.22 0.98
12 0.29 0.91 0.18 0.98
13 0.26 0.92 0.14 0.98
14 0.23 0.93 0.12 0.99
15 0.21 0.94 0.09 0.99
16 0.19 0.94 0.08 0.99
17 0.17 0.40 0.06 0.24
18 0.15 0.36 0.05 0.20
Fixture X: recessed lights, not vented, supply and return air registers below the ceiling of through
the ceiling space and griller.
Fixture Y: vented or free hanging lights; air registers below or through the ceilings, return air
registers around the fixtures and through the ceiling space.

Table 2. Heat Gain from Occupants

Activity Heat Gain, W Sensible Heat, %
Sleeping 70 75
Seated quietly 100 60
Standing 150 50
Walking, 3km/hour 305 35
Office work 150 55
Teaching 175 50
Retail Shop 185 50
Industrial 300-600 35

3. Values of Infiltration Constants

Quality of Construction a b c
Tight 0.15 0.010 0.007
Average 0.20 0.015 0.14
Loose 0.25 0.20 0.022

Table 4. Sensible-Heat Cooling Load Factors for People

Hours after Total Hours in Space
Entry 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
1 0.49 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.53 0.55 0.58 0.62
 2 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.64 0.66 0.70
3 0.17 0.66 0.67 0.67 0.69 0.70 0.72 0.75
4 0.13 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.74 0.75 0.77 0.79
5 0.10 0.27 0.76 0.76 0.77 0.79 0.80 0.82
6 0.08 0.21 0.79 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.83 0.85
7 0.07 0.16 0.34 0.8 0.83 0.84 0.85 0.87
8 0.06 0.14 0.26 0.84 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.88
9 0.05 0.11 0.21 0.38 0.87 0.88 0.89 0.90
10 0.04 0.10 0.18 0.30 0.89 0.89 0.90 0.91
11 0.04 0.08 0.15 0.25 0.42 0.91 0.91 0.92
12 0.03 0.07 0.13 0.21 0.34 0.92 0.92 0.93
13 0.03 0.06 0.11 0.18 0.28 0.45 0.93 0.94
14 0.02 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.23 0.36 0.94 0.95
15 0.02 0.05 0.08 0.13 0.20 0.30 0.47 0.95
16 0.02 0.04 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.25 0.38 0.96
17 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.15 0.21 0.31 0.49
18 0.01 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.13 0.19 0.26 0.39

Table 5. Space per Occupant

Type of Space Occupancy
Residence 2-6 occupants
Office 10-15 m2 per occupant
Retail 3-5 m2 per occupant
School 2.5 m2 per occupant
Auditorium 1.0 m2 per occupant

Table 6. Maximum Solar-Heat Gain Factor for Sunlight Glass

Month N/shade NE/NW E/W SE/SW S Hor
32° North Latitude
Dec 69 69 510 775 795 500
Jan, Nov 75 90 550 785 775 55
Feb, Oct 85 205 645 780 700 685
Mar, Sept 100 330 695 700 545 780
Apr, Aug 115 450 700 580 355 845
May, July 120 530 685 480 230 865
June 140 555 675 440 109 870
42° North Latitude
Dec 57 57 475 730 800 355
Jan, Nov 63 63 480 755 795 420
Feb, Oct 80 155 575 760 750 505
Mar, Sept 95 285 660 730 640 690
Apr, Aug 110 435 690 630 475 790
May, July 120 515 690 545 350 830
June 150 540 680 510 300 840

Table 7. Shading Coefficients

No indoor Venetian Blades Roller Shades
Types of Glass Thickness, mm
shading Med Light Med Light
Single Glass
Regular Sht 3 1.00 0.64 0.55 0.59 0.25
Plate 6-12 0.95 0.64 0.55 0.59 0.25
Heat-absorbing 6 0.70 0.57 0.53 0.40 0.30
10 0.50 0.54 0.52 0.40 0.28
Double Glass
Regular 3 0.90 0.57 0.51 0.60 0.25
Plate 6 0.83 0.57 0.51 0.60 0.25
Reflective 6 0.2-0.4 0.20-0.33

Table 8. Cooling Load Factors of Glass with Interior Shading (North Latitudes)
Solar time Window Facing
(hours) N NE S SE S SW W NW Hor
6 0.73 0.56 0.47 0.30 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.12
7 0.66 0.76 0.72 0.57 0.16 0.11 0.09 0.11 0.27
8 0.65 0.74 0.80 0.74 0.26 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.44
9 0.73 0.58 0.76 0.81 0.38 0.16 0.13 0.17 0.59
10 0.80 0.37 0.62 0.79 0.58 0.19 0.15 0.19 0.72
11 0.86 0.29 0.41 0.68 0.75 0.22 0.17 0.20 0.81
12 0.84 0.27 0.27 0.49 0.83 0.38 0.17 0.21 0.85
13 0.89 0.26 0.24 0.33 0.80 0.59 0.31 0.22 0.85
14 0.86 0.24 0.22 0.28 0.68 0.75 0.53 0.30 0.81
15 0.82 0.22 0.20 0.25 0.50 0.83 0.72 0.52 0.71
16 0.75 0.20 0.17 0.22 0.35 0.81 0.82 0.73 0.58
 17 0.78 0.16 0.14 0.18 0.27 0.69 0.81 0.82 0.42
18 0.91 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.19 0.45 0.61 0.69 0.25

Table 9. Cooling Load Estimates for Various Office Load Densities

Light Load Density Wattage Diversity Load, W

Computers 55 0.67 36.85

Monitors 55 0.67 36.85
Laser-Printer 130 0.33 42.9
Fax Machine 15 0.67 10.05

Table 10. Thermal Conductivity

Material Thermal Conductivity (W/m K)
Brick, common (Building brick) 0.621
Brick, fire 0.47
Brick, insulating 0.15
General concrete 1.28
Concrete, light 0.1-0.3
Concrete, stone 1.7
Concrete, medium 0.4-0.7
Cement 0.29
Glass 1.05
Glass, window 0.96