Hydraulics Prof. B.S.

Thandaveswara

Tunnel
The Beas Sutlej link project links two rivers viz: Beas and Sutlej through a system of

tunnels and a high contour open channel. This link is designed to carry a discharge of

255 m3s-1.

Pandoh Baggi tunnel

250 mm concrete lining, Q = 255 m3s-1, 7.62 m dia, 13.17 km long, So 1 in 22.2 first

457 m, 1 in 670 remaining part.

Sundernagar Hydel Channel

Sundernagar Sutlej Tunnel 12.31 km long, 8.33 m dia, concrete lined / R.C. for some

reach links forebay and surge shaft.

Surge shaft 22.6 m dia, 125.3 m high, Differential type 3 penstocks 22.86 m dia, 7.62 m

dia riser. Chute spillway in a 6.71 m dia Tunnel fitted to surge shaft.

Power generated 1000 MW.

Dehar Power plant

Pandoh Dam Spillway with flip bucket.

Beas dam is fitted with spillway of 213.4 m with a discharge of 12374 m3s-1. Stilling

basin 99 m long and 213.4 m wide.

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Muchkund Project, Tunnel linking the water conductor

system (channel) to the forebay

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

1.96 m
Some Tunnel profiles
0.854 m
55.5o
0.64 m

59o
2.80 m 2.175 m 1.275 m
1.47 m
0.825 m
2.54 m
3.0
3.55 m
1.70 m

4.9804 m

Horse shoe tunnel

Horse shoe tunnels are very convenient to construct

Low pressure Tunnels < 10 m,
Medium head Tunnels (10 - 100 m) and
High head Tunnels (> 100 m)

Name Area (Sq.m) Discharge, Q Velocity (m/s)

(m3/s)
Sabarigiri 16.4 53.5 3.32
Sharavathy 35.36 147.2 4 to 4.5
Yamuna Hydel II
44.15 234 5.32
stage
Pandoh - Baggi
45.58 255.0 5.59
Beas project

Velocity in pressure shafts 6 to 8 m/s. Value of Manning n for Tunnels

Very rough 0.04 to 0.06

Surface trimmed 0.025 to 0.035
Surface trimmed and inverts concreted 0.020 to 0.030

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Hydraulic Data for Head Race Tunnel - Indian Projects

Sl. Name of the Length Diameter Area Disch Velocit Type of

No Project of of Tunnel (Sq.m) arge y (m/s) Lining
Tunnel (m) (m3/s)
(m)
1 Baira Siul.
H.E. project
(H.P)
Plain
(a) Baira
7700 5.0 20.7 88.0 4.25 concret
Tunnel
e
Plain
(b) Bhaledh 1.83 *
7910 4.66 19.8 4.25 concret
Tunnel 2.74
e
2 Yamuna Hydel
Scheme Stage
II
Plain
(a) Part I 6200 7.0 38.4 235 6.1 concret
e
Plain
(b) Part II 5700 7.5 44.15 234 5.32 concret
e
3 Plain
7200 3.66 10.51 46.68 4.45 concret
Giri H.E.
e
Project
1250 3.36 8.83 46.68 5.29
R.C.C
4 Loktak Hydro Plain
Electric 6510 3.81 12.05 42.3 3.51 concret
Project e
5 Beas Sutlej
Link
Plain
(a) Pandoh -
13110 7.62 45.58 255 5.59 concret
Baggi
e
R.C.C
has
been
provide
12350 8.53 57.15 403.5 7.06 d
where
the
cover
is less
6 Srisailam
Hydro Electric 736 15.0 176.8 980 5.54 R.C.C.
Project
7 Upper sindh 3.14 * R.C.C.
396 5.63 12 2.13
Hydro Electric 2.59 near

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Project portal
8 Plain
Maneri Bhali
concret
Hydro Electric 8532 4.75 17.71 70 3.95
e/
Project
R.C.C
9 Kadampari Plain
Hydro Electric 1035 7.0 38.46 150 3.9 concret
Project e
10 Chukha Hydro Plain
Electric 6406 4.9 18.85 95.2 5.05 concret
Project e
11 Plain
Sharavathi
2073 8.69 55.73 198.4 3.56 concret
(Karnataka)
e
12 Plain
Kundah (Tamil
4553.4 2.52 4.96 19.81 4.0 concret
Nadu)
e
13 Plain
Koyna
3256 7.32 42.06 - - concret
(Maharashtra)
e

HYDRAULIC DATA FOR HEAD RACE TUNNELS-FOREIGN PROJECTS

Length
Dia of Discharge
of the Area in Velocity
Name of Tunnel Q Type of
Sl. No. Tunnel
Project lining
m2 m /s
(m) m3/s
(m)
Ala, Italy
1 9,236 - 67 200 2.99 Concrete
1953
Valtellina,
2 22600 4.94 20.24 62 3.31
Italy 1959
Eucumbene,
Tumut 6.5 km
3 22315 6.4 32.2 142 4.40
Australia concrete
1959
12.81 100 7.81 concrete
Tooma 3.8 * 3.7
Tumut horse
4 14330
Australia shoe3.43
1961 circular
9.24 100 10.82 concrete
Tumut 2
5 Australia 4,938 6.4 32.2 125 3.88 concrete
1962
concrete,
La Bathie, 14 -
6 12528 4.2 * 4.4 50 3.33 steel for
France 1960 15.2
100m
Innertkirchen, Asbestos
7 9,968 3.4 9 54 6.0
Switzerland Plate

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

1942
Bersimis I,
8 12230 9.45 70 425 6.07 concrete
Canada 1955
Kurobe,
9 10,400 4.80 18.1 72 3.98 -
Japan 1961

Manning roughness n = 0.013 per concrete. Muchkund Hydro Electric Scheme / water

conductor system Location: Jalapat across Muchkund River. Gross Head: 266.39 m

near Dudh Falls. Flume open = 1250 m. Tunnel = 1219.2 m. Pressure tunnels 914.4 m.

Pipelines 2 numbers 3.05 m diameter. Steel pipe of 34.75 m. Penstocks 6 numbers 1.6

m diameter and 1.45 m diameter. Vertical Francis Turbine.

d0

Horse shoe tunnel

Indian Institute of Technology Madras

Hydraulics Prof. B.S. Thandaveswara

Circular
Area
0.8 Horse shoe

0.6
y
__
d0 Hydraulic
0.4 Mean Radius

0.2

0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
A R )
Normalised Area ( ___ 2 ) and Hydraulic Mean Radius (
___
____
d0 d0
__
4 4
for Horse Shoe Conduits

RCC with 1.5 to 2 % Reinforcement

RCC with 1% Reinforcement Minimum Excavation Line (Pay Line)
Inner Formed surface of concrete lining

Typical Cross section in soft strata Typical Cross section of Tunnel in soft soils

Indian Institute of Technology Madras