Problems on Force Exerted by a Magnetic Fields from Ch 26 T&M

Problem 26.27
A current-carrying wire is bent into a semicircular loop of radius R that lies in the xy
plane. There is a uniform magnetic field B = Bk perpendicular to the plane of the loop.
Verify that the force acting on the loop is zero.

Picture the Problem With the current in

the direction indicated and the magnetic
field in the z direction, pointing out of the
plane of the page, the force is in the radial
direction and we can integrate the element
of force dF acting on an element of length
d between = 0 and to find the force
acting on the semicircular portion of the
loop and use the expression for the force on
a current-carrying wire in a uniform
magnetic field to find the force on the
straight segment of the loop.

Express the net force acting on the F = Fsemicircular loop + Fstraight segment (1)
semicircular loop of wire:

r r r
Express the force acting on the Fstraight segment = I l " B = !2 RIB
straight segment of the loop:

Express the force dF acting on the dF = IdlB = IRBd!

element of the wire of length d:

Express the x and y components of dFx = dF cos !

dF: and
dFy = dF sin !

Because, by symmetry, the x dFy = IRB sin ! d!

component of the force is zero, we and
can integrate the y component to
 "
find the force on the wire:
Fy = RIB ! sin # d# = 2 RIB
0

Substitute in equation (1) to obtain: F = 2 RIB ! 2 RIB = 0

26.57 Torque on a loop with current

A rigid circular loop of radius R and mass m carries a current I and lies in the xy plane on
a rough, flat table. There is a horizontal magnetic field of magnitude B. What is the
minimum value of B so that one edge of the loop will lift off the table?

Picture the Problem The loop will start to lift off the table when the magnetic torque
equals the gravitational torque.

Express the magnetic torque acting " mag = B = I!R 2 B

on the loop:

Express the gravitational torque ! grav = mgR

acting on the loop:

Because the loop is in equilibrium I!R 2 B = mgR

under the influence of the two
torques:

Solve for B to obtain: mg

B=
I!R
Problem 26.61+27.101 Magnetic moment of a loop and Magnetic field calculation

A wire loop consists of two semicircles connected by straight segements. The inner and
outer radii are R1 = 0.3 and R2 = 0.5 m, respectively. A current I of 1.5 A flows in this
loop with the current in the outer semicircle in the clockwise direction.
A) What is the magnetic moment of the current loop?
B) Find the magnetic field in P, which is at the common center of the 2 semicircular arcs.

Picture the Problem We can use the definition of the magnetic moment to find the
magnetic moment of the given current loop and a right-hand rule to find its direction.

Using its definition, express the = IA

magnetic moment of the current
loop:

Express the area bounded by the " 2

A= 1
2 ("R
2
outer
2
)
! "Rinner =
2
( 2
Router ! Rinner )
loop:

Substitute to obtain: "I 2

=
2
( 2
Router ! Rinner )

Substitute numerical values and # (1.5 A )

evaluate :
=
2
[
(0.5 m )2 " (0.3 m )2 ]
= 0.377 A ! m 2

Apply the right-hand rule for determining the direction of the unit normal vector (the
r
direction of ) to conclude that points into the page.
Problem 27.101
Picture the Problem Let out of the page be the positive x direction. Because point P is
on the line connecting the straight segments of the conductor, these segments do not
contribute to the magnetic field at P. Hence, the resultant magnetic field at P will be the
sum of the magnetic fields due to the current in the two semicircles, and we can use the
r
expression for the magnetic field at the center of a current loop to find BP .
 r r r
Express the resultant magnetic field BP = B1 + B2
at P:

Express the magnetic field at the 0 I

B=
center of a current loop: 2R
where R is the radius of the loop.

Express the magnetic field at the 1 0 I 0 I

B= =
center of half a current loop: 2 2R 4R
r r r I
Express B1 and B2 : B1 = 0 i
4 R1
and
r I
B2 = ! 0 i
4 R2

Substitute to obtain: r I I 0 I & 1 1 #

B P = 0 i ' 0 i = $$ ' !i
4 R1 4 R2 4 % R1 R2 !"

Problem 27.105 Force between current wires

A long straight wire carries a current of 20 A, as shown in the figure. A rectangular coil
with 2 sides parallel to the straight wire has sides 5 cm and 10 cm with the near side at a
distance 2 cm from the wire. The coil carries a current of 5 A. (a) Find the force on each
segment of the rectangular coil due to the current in the long straight wire. (b) What is the
net force on the coil?

r r r
Picture the Problem Let I1 and I2 represent the currents of 20 A and 5 A, F1 , F2 , F3 ,
r
and F4 the forces that act on the horizontal wire at the top of the loop, and the other
r r r r
wires following the current in a counterclockwise direction, and B1 , B2 , B3 , and B4
the magnetic fields at these wires due to I1. Let the positive x direction be to the right and
the positive y direction be upward. Note that only the components into or out of the paper
 r r r r r r r r
of B1 , B2 , B3 , and B4 contribute to the forces F1 , F2 , F3 , and F4 , respectively.

r r r r r
(a) Express the forces F2 and F4 in F2 = I 2 l 2 ! B2
r r
terms of I2 and B2 and B4 : and
r r r
F4 = I 2 l 4 ! B4

r r r
Express B2 and B4 : 2I
B2 = " 0 1 k
4! R1
and
r 2I
B4 = " 0 1 k
4! R4

Substitute to obtain: r ' 2I $

F2 = ( I 2l 2 j ) %% ( 0 1 k ""
& 4! R1 #
l II
= 0 2 1 2 i
2!R2
and
r ( 2I %
F4 = I 2l 4 j ) && " 0 1 k ##
' 4! R4 $
l II
= " 0 4 1 2 i
2!R4

r r
Substitute numerical values and evaluate F2 and F4 :

r
F2 =
( )
4# " 10 !7 N/A 2 (0.1 m )(20 A )(5 A )
i = 1.00 " 10 !4 N i
( )
2# (0.02 m )
and
r
F4 = !
( )
4# " 10 !7 N/A 2 (0.1 m )(20 A )(5 A )
i= (! 0.286 " 10 !4
N i)
2# (0.07 m )

r r r r r
(b) Express the net force acting on Fnet = F1 + F2 + F3 + F4 (1)
the coil:

r r
Because the lengths of segments 1 F1 + F3 = 0
and 3 are the same and the currents and
in these segments are in opposite r r r
Fnet = F2 + F4
directions:
 r r
Substitute for F2 and F4 in equation (1) and simplify to obtain:

r
Fnet = ! 0.250 " 10 !4 N j + 1.00 " 10 !4 N i + 0.250 " 10 !4 N j
( ) ( ) ( )
+ ! 0.286 " 10 !4 N i
( )
(
= 0.714 " 10 !4 N )i

Probem 27.59 Magnetic field in a solenoid

A solenoid with length 30 cm, radius 1.2 cm, and 300 turns carries a current of 2.6 A.
Find B on the axis of the solenoid (a) at the center, (b) inside the solenoid at a point 10
cm from one end, and (c) at one end.

& b a #
Picture the Problem We can use B x = 12 0 nI $ + ! to find B at
$ 2 2 !
% b +R a2 + R2 "
any point on the axis of the solenoid. Note that the number of turns per unit length for
this solenoid is 300 turns/0.3 m = 1000 turns/m.

Express the magnetic field at any & b a #

point on the axis of the solenoid:
B x = 12 0 nI $$ + !
!
2 2
% b +R a + R2
2
"
Substitute numerical values to obtain:

& b a #
Bx = 1
2 (4* ( 10 )7
)
T ' m/A (1000 )(2.6 A )$
$ b 2 + (0.012 m )2
+
2
!
!
% a 2 + (0.012 m ) "
& b a #
= (1.63 mT )$ + !
$ 2
b + (0.012 m )
2 2 2 !
a + (0.012 m ) "
%

(a) Evaluate Bx for a = b = 0.15 m:

& 0.15 m 0.15 m #

Bx = (1.63 mT )$ + ! = 3.25 mT
$ (0.15 m )2 + (0.012 m )2 (0.15 m )2 + (0.012 m )2 !
% "

(b) Evaluate Bx for a = 0.1 m and b = 0.2 m:

 & 0.2 m 0.1 m #
Bx (0.2 m ) = (1.63 mT )$ + !
$ (0.2 m )2 + (0.012 m )2 (0.1 m )2 + (0.012 m )2 !
% "
= 3.25 mT

(c) Evaluate Bx (= Bend) for a = 0 and b = 0.3 m:

& 0.3 m #
Bx = (1.63 mT )$ ! = 1.63 mT
$ (0.3 m )2 + (0.012 m )2 !
% "
Note that Bend = 2 Bcenter .
1

Conceptual Problem 27.67

Show that a uniform magnetic field with no fringing field, such as that shown in the
figure, is impossible because it violates Amperes law. Do this by applying Amperes law
to the rectangular curve shown by the dashed line.

Determine the Concept The contour integral consists of four portions, two horizontal portions
r r
for which B ! dl = 0 , and two vertical portions. The portion within the magnetic field gives a
"C
nonvanishing contribution, whereas the portion outside the field gives no contribution to the
contour integral. Hence, the contour integral has a finite value. However, it encloses no current;
thus, it appears that Ampres law is violated. What this demonstrates is that there must be a
fringing field so that the contour integral does vanish.

Problem 28.45
Picture the Problem The free-body
diagram shows the forces acting on the rod
as it slides down the inclined plane. The
retarding force is the component of Fm
acting up the incline, i.e., in the x
direction. We can express Fm using the
expression for the force acting on a
conductor moving in a magnetic field.
Recognizing that only the horizontal
r
component of the rods velocity v produces
an induced emf, we can apply the
expression for a motional emf in
conjunction with Ohms law to find the
induced current in the rod. In part (b) we
can apply Newtons 2nd law to obtain an
expression for dv/dt and set this expression
equal to zero to obtain vt.
(a) Express the retarding force F = Fm cos ! (1)
acting on the rod: where
Fm = IlB
and I is the current induced in the rod as a
consequence of its motion in the magnetic
field.

Express the induced emf due to the " = Blv cos !

motion of the rod in the magnetic
field:

Using Ohms law, relate the current

I=
" =
Blv cos !
I in the circuit to the induced emf: R R

Substitute in equation (1) to obtain: ' Blv cos ! $

F =% "lB cos !
& R #
B 2l 2v
= cos 2 !
R

(b) Apply !F = ma x to the rod: B 2l 2v dv

x
mg sin " ! cos 2 " = m
R dt
and
dv B 2l 2v
= g sin ! " cos 2 !
dt mR

When the rod reaches its terminal B 2 l 2 vt

0 = g sin ! " cos 2 !
velocity vt, dv/dt = 0 and: mR

Solve for vt to obtain: mgR sin !

vt =
B 2l 2 cos 2 !
Problem 28.39
Picture the Problem Well need to determine how long it takes for the loop to
completely enter the region in which there is a magnetic field, how long it is in the region,
and how long it takes to leave the region. Once we know these times, we can use its
definition to express the magnetic flux as a function of time. We can use Faradays law to
find the induced emf as a function of time.
(a) Find the time required for the l side of loop 10 cm
t= = = 4.17 s
loop to enter the region where there v 2.4 cm/s
is a uniform magnetic field:

Letting w represent the width of the !m = NBA = NBwvt

loop, express and evaluate m for = (1.7 T )(0.05 m )(0.024 m/s )t
0 < t < 4.17 s : = (2.04 mWb/s )t

Find the time during which the loop l side of loop 10 cm

t= = = 4.17 s
is fully in the region where there is a v 2.4 cm/s
uniform magnetic field: i.e., the loop will begin to exit the region
when t = 8.33 s.

Express m for 4.17 s < t < 8.33 s : ! m = NBA = NBlw

= (1.7 T )(0.1 m )(0.05 m )
= 8.50 mWb
The left-end of the loop will exit the !m = mt + b
field when t = 12.5 s. Express m for where m is the slope of the line and b is the
8.33 s < t < 12.5 s : m-intercept.

For t = 8.33 s and 8.50 mWb = m(8.33 s )+ b (1)

m = 8.50 mWb:

For t = 12.5 s and m = 0: 0 = m(12.5 s )+ b (2)

Solve equations (1) and (2) "m = !(2.04 mWb/s)t + 25.5 mWb
simultaneously to obtain:

The loop will be completely out of !m = 0

the magnetic field when t > 12.5 s
and:

The following graph of !m (t ) was plotted using a spreadsheet program.

9
8

7
6
Magnetic flux (mWb)

5
4

3
2
1
0
-1
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
t (s)
(b) Using Faradays law, relate the
" = # d!m
induced emf to the magnetic flux: dt

During the interval 0 < t < 4.17 s :

" = ! d [(2.04 mWb/s)t ]= !2.04 mV
dt

During the interval

4.17 s < t < 8.33 s :
" = ! d [8.50 mWb]= 0
dt

During the interval

8.33 s < t < 12.5 s :
" = ! d [(- 2.04 mWb/s)t + 25.5 mWb]
dt
= 2.04 mV

For t > 12.5 s: ! =0

The following graph of (t) was plotted using a spreadsheet program.
 2.5

2.0

1.5
1.0
emf (V) 0.5
0.0

-0.5

-1.0

-1.5

-2.0

-2.5
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
t (s)

Problem 28.85 The AC generator

Picture the Problem We can apply Faradays law and the definition of magnetic flux to
derive an expression for the induced emf in the coil (potential difference between the slip
rings). In part (b) we can solve this equation for under the given conditions.

(a) Use Faradays law to express the d!m

" =#
induced emf: dt

Using the definition of magnetic "m (t ) = NBA cos !t

flux, relate the magnetic flux
through the loop to its angular
velocity:

Substitute to obtain:
" = # d [NBA cos !t ]
dt
= # NBab! (# sin !t )
= NBab! sin !t
(b) Express the condition under sin !t = 1
which = max:

Solve for and evaluate under this

"=
! max
condition: NBab
110 V
=
(1000)(2 T )(0.01 m )(0.02 m )
= 275 rad/s