DESIGN OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC SEED SOWING

MACHINE

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SATHISH KUMAR S
(PA141200320013)

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree

of

M.Tech (Part-Time)

In

COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

SRM UNIVERSITY
RAMAPURAM

MAY 2017

SRM UNIVERSITY
RAMAPURAM
 BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

Certified that this project report DESIGN OF SEMI-AUTOMATIC SEED

SOWING MACHINE is the bonafide work of S SATHISH KUMAR

(Reg. No. PA1412003020013) who carried out the project work under my

supervision.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Dr.K.C.UDAIYAKUMAR Dr.K.C.UDAIYAKUMAR
VICE PRINCIPAL- ACADEMIC VICE PRINCIPAL- ACADEMIC
SRM UNIVERSITY,RAMAPURAM SRM UNIVERSITY,RAMAPURAM
CHENNAI-600089 CHENNAI-600089

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We are place on regard our deep sense of gratitude to our beloved Chancellor to
Dr.T.R.PACHAMUTHU, for providing us with the requisite infrastructure throughout the
course.

We take the opportunity to extend our hearty thanks to our Vice President,
Dr.R.SHIVAKUMAR for his constant encouragement.

We take the opportunity to extend our hearty and sincere thanks to our Dean,
Dr.V.SUBBIAH BHARATHI for his constant encouragement.

We convey our sincere thanks to our Vice Principal (Academic) and Guide
Dr.K.C.UDAIYAKUMAR, for his interest and support throughout this project.

We take the privilege to extend our hearty and sincere thanks to the Program
co ordinator Dr.HELEN P. KAVITHA, for her suggestions, support and encouragement towards
the completion of the project with perfection.

We express our heartfelt and sincere thanks to coordinators Mr. V. Manoj Kumar M.E.,
Asst. Professor (O.G) and Mr. S. Pugazhendhi M.E., Asst. Professor (O.G) Mechanical
Engineering for his sustained encouragement, consecutive criticisms and constant guidance
throughout this project work.
 ABSTRACT
In the present scenario most of the countries do not have sufficient skilled man

power in agricultural sector and that affects the growth of developing countries. In

India there are 70% peoples dependent on agriculture. In traditional method some

of the seeds were not properly penetrate into ground and seedswere spilled out.

Therefore farmers have to use upgraded technology for cultivation activity like

ploughing, drilling, seed sowing, fertilizing, etc.

The main objective is to propose the combine the ploughing and drilling process in

land and also semi-automation process in ploughing of agriculture land, drilling the

ground at specific depthand seed sowing. By ploughing process the upper layer of

soil will goes down and fresh soil will comes up, by drilling process the seed will

dropped in proper depth.

By this proposal effort of humanis reduced, wastage of seeds avoided and increases

the productivity and also yield more food particles.

Keywords: Ploughing, Drilling, Digging, Auger tool, Seed sowing

Chapter No. Title Page No

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT..............................................................................3

2. ABSTRACT............................................................4

LIST OF TABLE
LIST OF FIGURES
.
3. INTRODUCTION................................................................10

3.1. BACKGROUND..............................................................10

3.2. Ploughing..........................................................................10

3.2.1. Mould Board Plough:..............................................11

3.2.2. Disc Type Plough....................................................12

3.2.3. Rotary Plough........................................................13

3.2.4. Chisel or sub surface Plough...................................14

3.3. Type of seed sowing:..........................................................15

3.3.1. Broadcasting:..........................................................15

3.3.2. Dribbling.................................................................16

3.3.3. Seed sowing with bamboo tube:.............................17

4. LITERATURE SURVEY............................................................18

4.1. Traditional method.................................................................18

4.2. Rotary dibbler.......................................................................18

4.3. Manual seed and fertilizer drill..............................................20

4.4. Manual oilseed drill...............................................................21

4.5. Animal drawn seed cum fertilizer drill...................................21

4.6. Animal drawn tool frame for seeding....................................22

5. PROBLEM DEFINITION............................................................24

6. METHODOLOGY USED............................................................24

6.1. CONCEPT GENERATION................................................25

6.2. CONCEPT SELECTION.....................................................29

6.3. DETAILS DESIGN AND PROTO TYPE..........................30

6.4. BASIC COMPONENTS.....................................................31

6.5. CONSTRUCTION...............................................................42

6.6. WORKING.........................................................................46

6.7. DESIGN PARAMETER.......................................................47

7. EXPERIMENT AND VALIDATION.............................................49

8. CONCLUSION...............................................................................50

9. OPPORTUNITY...............................................................................51

Future Scope 52
Refernce 53
 LIST OF FIGURES

SI. No. TITLE PAGE No.

Fig. 1.1 Single Bottom Plough
Fig. 1.2 Gang Mould Board
Fig. 1.3 Disc Type Plough
Fig. 1.4 Rotary Plough
Fig. 1.5 Sub Surface Plough
Fig. 1.6 Broad casting
Fig. 1.7 Dribbling
Fig. 1.8 Seed sowing with bamboo tube
Fig. 2.1 Traditional Method
Fig. 2.2 Rotary Dibbler
Fig. 2.3 Manual Seed and Fertilizer Drill
Fig. 2.4 Manual oilseed Drill
Fig. 2.5 Animal drawn seed cum fertilizer drill
Fig. 2.6 Animal drawn tool frame for seeding
Fig. 4.1 Shigley Design Process
Fig. 4.2 Block diagram for concept-1
Fig. 4.3 Block diagram for concept-2
Fig. 4.4 Seed sowing machine concept-1
Fig. 4.5 Seed sowing machine concept-12
Fig. 4.6 Frame
SI. No. TITLE PAGE No.
Fig. 4.7 Seed Box
Fig. 4.8 Wheel
Fig. 4.9 Augur Tool
Fig. 4.10 DPDT circuit
Fig. 4.11 DPDT Switch
Fig. 4.12 SPDT circuit
Fig. 4.13 SPDT Switch
Fig. 4.14 Classification of Electric Motor
Fig. 4.15 DC motor
Fig. 4.16 AC motor
Fig. 4.17 Chain and Sprocket
Fig. 4.18 Battery
Fig. 5.1 Seed Sowing machine Stage-1
Fig. 5.2 Seed Sowing machine Plough arrangement
Fig. 5.3 Seed Sowing machine Stage-2
Fig. 5.4 Seed Sowing machine
 LIST OF TABLES

SI. No. TITLE PAGE No.

Table-2.1 Summary of literature survey
Table-4.1 Concept selection
Table-4.2 Bill of Material
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1.BACKGROUND
The agricultural is the backbone of India to sustained growth. India population
growing continues, so the demand for produce is also growing. To meet the
demand new technology has to implement in agriculture field. This will reduce the
effort of manpower also reducethe time.

1.2.PLOUGHING
It is a soil preparation process which is done by mechanically. It is the process of
breaking the surface of land to a specific depth and to loosen the sand. So the root
to the plant will penetrate and extend in the land.

Objectives of Ploughing
1. To take away the weed from agriculture land.
2. To get deep bed soil
3. To increase the water absorb in land
4. To oxygenate the soil for growth of crop
5. To avoid the soil erosion
6. To quash the pests and insects in land

Types of ploughing
1. Mould Board Plough
2. Disc Type Plough
3. Rotary Plough
4. Chisel or sub surface Plough
1.2.1. Mould Board Plough:
In olden days wooden plough is used commonly, but nowadays steel types is used
universally. This mould board make a series of cuts is called as furrows. It is used
to remove the weeds from the soil.
This mould board plough is classified in different types.
1. Trailed
2. Mounted
3. Semi Mounted

Trailed Mould Boards

It is pull type mould board for making furrows. It has two or three wheel for
supporting purpose. It is further classified in to two types
1. Single bottom Plough
2. Gang Mould Board
Single Bottom Plough
In this type one ploughing tool is used for digging the ground. This tool is
supported by two wheels. The plough is lifted by means of hydraulic system.

Fig. 1.1- Single Bottom Plough

Gang Mould Board
 Gang mould board has 2 to 5 plough mechanism. For lifting the plough various
mechanism is used power lift or hydraulic system are used.

Fig. 1.2- Gang Mould Board

1.2.2. Disc Type Plough

This plough is in disc shape, so it is known as disc type plough. This reduces the
friction between plough and land. This disc must be run at low speed.
The maintenance cost is less compared to mould board ploughing.

Fig. 1.3- Disc Type Plough

Types of Disc Ploughs

This plough is classified in two types they are
 1. Bullock Based
2. Tractor Based

1.2.3. Rotary Plough

This rotary type ploughing is popular used in nowadays. The efficiency is high
compared to other ploughing process. It consists of several blades for cutting the
soil. The blades are made up of steel.
There are three types Rotary plough they are.
1. Pull type
2. Tractor mounted
3. Self-propelled

Fig. 1.4- Rotary Plough

This kind of process is used in this project. The plough is rotated by means of
motor.

1.2.4. Chisel or sub surface Plough

This attachment is fixed to the tractor rear end. This arrangement will work similar
to Mould Boards ploughing process. It creates series of furrows in land, where the
seed is dropped.
 Fig. 1.5- Sub Surface Plough

1.3.TYPE OF SEED SOWING

Seed sowing is the major process in cultivation. The seeds are handling in different
manners. These are the following methodologies used in the agriculture field.
Some of the methods are given below they are
1. Broadcasting
2. Dribbling
3. Seed sowing with bamboo tube
1.3.1. Broadcasting:
Initially the field is prepared using plough tool to make a series of cuts is called as
furrows.

Fig. 1.6- Broad casting

After the above process the field is seeded by sowing the seeds over that area, this
methodology is called as manual broadcasting. Through this process plant was
grown in series of rows. The method of scattered the seed randomly use of hand on
the agriculture land is known as broadcasting.

1.3.2. Dribbling
The best methodology for sowing the seed was Drill sowing and dribbling process.
Dribbling is the process of making a small hole for seed sowing. The drill depth is
maintained at specific level for each and every crop. The drill tool (augur) is made
up of steel. It like a spiral tool which dig the ground to the required depth and
requires size. After the seed is sowed in the hole, then the hole is covered by means
of soil. By using this process time was saved and avoids the spoil of seeds by birds.
 Fig. 1.7- Dribbling
In this project additional to the rotary ploughing the dribbling process is used for
increase the growth of the crop.
For dribbling the augur tool is used, the tool is rotated by means of the electrical
motor.

1.3.3. Seed sowing with bamboo tube

This is one of the methods used in agriculture field for seed sowing. It uses a
bamboo tube attached with funnel for plough.
 Fig. 1.8- Seed sowing with bamboo tube

When plough goes around the field the bamboo tube attached to the plough tool,
sow the seeds from funnel at required spacing and at required depth. This method
dis rarely used in the agriculture field.
It consume more time and also the cost for the process is also high compared to the
above two process dribbling and broadcasting

2. LITERATURE SURVEY

Different types of seeding equipments

 1. Traditional method
2. Rotary dibbler
3. Manual seed and fertilizer drill
4. Manual oilseed drill:
5. Animal drawn seed cum fertilizer drill
6. Animal drawn tool frame for seeding

2.1.Traditional method
This is olden method use of bull to plough the land to make series of cut. The
plough is made up of wooden nowadays it is made up of steel.
The ploughing is done the after plugging process farmer needs to manually sow the
seeds.

Fig. 2.1- Traditional Method

2.2.Rotary dibbler
It is a manual process which is operated by push type dibbling, to make medium
size hole for sow the seeds.
 Fig. 2.2- Rotary Dibbler

This mechanism has different part they are rotating dibbling-with penetrating
jaws, seed hopper, with cell type wooden roller for transport and handle. Only the
seed roller is made up of best quality wood, remaining parts are all made up of
mild steel.
There are five to eight jaws was designed depends upon the distance between on
seed to another seed. While moving this rotary dibbler in field, the wheel has
penetrating jaws which dig the land; the seed were stored in hopper which falls in
the land while covering wheel moves, therefore seeds automatically dropped.
Then the flattener in back close the dig field
2.3.Manual seed and fertilizer drill
This is the smallest and manually operated method, where the seed and fertilizer
was drilled in ground by use of fluted roller mechanism. This is also known as
metering mechanism.

Fig. 2.3- Manual Seed and Fertilizer Drill

This is only a single row seeding process. The wheel is drives the metering
mechanism. The hopper is used for storing Seed and fertilizer. The seeds and
fertilizes are travel through the rubber hose in the ground.
It consists of plough tool which plough the land, the depth of ploughing is
depends on the penetration of ploughing tool in the ground. It consist of long beam
as handle It has two handle one is pulled by one operator and another one is to
guides the device by another person.
2.4.Manual oilseed drill
This device has a seed box with is attached to the main frame of the hand wheel.
In the bottom of seed box a fluted roller assembly is attached.

Fig. 2.4- Manual oilseed Drill

Fluted roller is operated by means of chain and sprockets mechanism, the

sprocket is attached to the ground wheel. The lever on the seed box is used to
adjust the seed rate. The purpose of Fluted roller is to seed sowing. The rope is
attached to the hook one man pull the rope and another man will guide the machine
through handle.

2.5.Animal drawn seed cum fertilizer drill

This is one of the low cost linear sowing processes. In this fertilizer and seed are
feed by operator. The rate of feed depends on the operator skill. It consist of three
sowing mechanism. The frame and drill are made by mild steel. In the frame
various part are mounted such as funnel used for feeding fertilizer as well as seed,
hose which connect funnel and furrow opener, furrow openers and handle. Furrow
openers can be adjusted depend upon the gap between each rows. The seed and
fertilizer are fed manually by operator.
 It is fed to the ground via the bottom of furrow opener. Seed and fertilizer should
carry through a separate bag because it doesnt contain the hopper. It consists of
five to eight jaw based on the distance between each row and requirement. While
the device travels in agriculture land the jaw create the furrow in the land and seed
and fertilizer will dropped in furrows.

Fig. 2.5- Animal drawn seed cum fertilizer drill

Insteadof Animal (bull), this arrangement is fixed in tractor in nowadays

2.6.Animal drawn tool frame for seeding

This arrangement is attached to the bull for furrow the ground. This device is
suitable for wheat, soybean, gram, pea and etc., It also sow the fertilizers like Urea,
DAP and etc.
 Fig. 2.6- Animal drawn tool frame for seeding

The fertilizer and seed was stored in hopper which has separate compartments.
Floating type wheel is used as ground wheel. The seed sowing space is depends on
the design of the ground wheel. This wheel is also used for transportation

Table-2.1 Summary of literature survey

Manual Manual Animal Animal

seed and oilseed drawn seed drawn tool
S. Traditional Rotary
Features fertilizer drill cum frame for
No. method dibbler
drill fertilizer seeding
drill
Dribbling
1. No No No No No No
the field
Seed
2. Sowing No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
mechanism
3 Ploughing Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Dig close
4 No Yes No No No No
mechanism
Fertilizer
5 No No Yes No No No
Mechanism

3. PROBLEM DEFINITION
As discussed earlier in the introduction and abstract, to reduce the effort of farmer,
In India there is about 70% of peoples dependent on agriculture. In traditional
method some of the seeds were not properly penetrate into ground and seeds were
spilled out and less skilled labor

4. METHODOLOGY USED

Recogonize the needs

Problem identifcation

Concept generation

Concept selection

Synthesis and Analysis

Detail design

Proto type

Validation

Report Generation
Fig. 4.1 - Shigley Design Process
4.1. CONCEPT GENERATION

Block Diagram for Concept-1

Fig. 4.2 Block diagram for concept-1

Block Diagram for Concept-2

Fig. 4.3 Block diagram for concept-2

Concept-1
 Fig. 4.4 Seed sowing machine concept-1

Concept and working

In this project for drilling 0.25 HP AC motor with variable speed is used, for
controlling the depth of drill, lead screw mechanism is used which is controlled by
a motor, hopper is placed on the frame in which the seed is placed. In the hopper a
gear with AC motor is used to control the number of seed flowing in to the ground.
This seed is flow through the flexible pipe which is connected to frame. The
flattener consists of hard rubber to fill the dig sand in to the hole.
The ON/OFF switches-2way switches is placed on the handle. This is used for all
the mechanisms. It consists of wheel on the base used for mobility.

Concept-2
 Picture to be change

Fig. 4.5 Seed sowing machine concept-2

CONCEPT AND WORKING

In this project for drilling 0.25 HP AC motor is used, for controlling the depth of
drill, lead screw mechanism is used which is controlled by a DC motor, hopper is
placed on the frame in which the seed is placed. In the hopper a gear with DC
motor is used to control the number of seed flowing in to the ground. This seed is
flow through the flexible pipe which is connected to frame. The flattener consists
of hard rubber tis made up of MS plate fill the diged sand in to the hole.
Additional to the above dribbling mechanism another roller plough mechanism is
attached to the trolley. This will increase the yield of crops. The ON/OFF switches-
2way switches is placed on the handle. This is used for all the mechanisms. It
consists of wheel on the base used for mobility.
4.2. CONCEPT SELECTION

Comparing the both concept 1 and 2

Table-4.1 Concept selection
S. No. Features Concept-1 Concept-2
1. Dribbling the field Yes Yes
2. Seed Sowing mechanism Yes Yes
3 Ploughing No Yes
4 Dig close mechanism Yes Yes
5 Trolley movement Yes Yes

By the above comparison it is know that in concept-2 add to the dribbling process
another ploughing is used. So while plough the field addition to the dribbling
method, the new soil will comes and weed will be removed. So the advantage in
concpt-2 is more. So based on this concept-2 is selected for fabrication and
verification.
4.3. DETAILS DESIGN AND PROTO TYPE

Bill of Material (BOM)

Fabricatio Total
S.N Weight Quantit weight/Cost
Description Material n cost cost
o (kg) y (INR)
(INR) (INR)
1 Frame MS 10 1 1500 2250 3750
2 Base Ms 1 4 400 600 1000
3 Hopper Ms 5 1 500 750 1250
4 Wheel Ms 2 4 800 1200 2000
5 Wheel shaft Ms 3 1 300 450 750
6 Seed wheeler Plastic 0.5 1 100 300 400
7 Motor base MS 3 1 300 450 750
8 Handle MS 4 1 400 600 1000
9 Flattener MS/Rubber 2 1 200 300 500
10 AC motor - - 2 6000 0 6000
11 DC motor - - 2 1500 0 1500
Switches
12 - - 1 100 0 100
(SPDT)
Switches
13 - - 1 100 0 100
(DPDT)
14 Lead screw MS 0.25 1 150 0 150
Sprocket and
15 MS 1.5 1 500 0 500
Chain
Shaft and
16 MS 7 1 1400 500 1900
plough tool
17 Auger tool MS 2 1 400 200 600
Assembly/
18 Indirection - 1 0 2000 2000
cost
Total cost 24250

Table-4.2 Bill of Material

4.4. BASIC COMPONENTS

Frame:
The L angle frame is used in this project. It is made up of mild steel. It is the main
structure of the project. All the parts are mounted in the frame. Box type frame is
used as a handle.
The frames are joined by means of ARC welding. Cross members are added to
increases the strength of the structure.

Fig. 4.6 Frame

Specifcation:
Shape : L
Size of L angle : 1"
Material : IS2062
Tensil strength : 350 to 450 MPa
Size : 150 X 60 cm
Seed Box:
It is made up of steel sheet. It is used to carry the seed. It is in rectangle shape. It is
fabricated by means of ARC welding. In the bottom of the box seed sowing
mechanism is attached.

Fig. 4.7 Seed Box

Specifcation:
Shape : Rectangular
Material : IS 513
Thickness: 1 mm
Tensil strength : 250 to 350 MPa
Size : 30 X 20 X 20 cm

Lead Screw: It is made up of free cuting steel. It is used for linear movement for
drilling tool.
Specifcation:
Material : Fe410
Tensil strength : Min. 410 MPa
Thread size : M16x1.5
Length : 30 cm

Fig. 4.7 Lead screw

It is engaged with the standard nut for linear movement .
Wheel:
It is acircular component, Which is fixed in the axle with bearing. It is made up of
rubber. Used for tranporting purpose. I t is primary function to transfer the load.

Fig. 4.8 Wheel

Specifcation:
Material : Rubber
Size: Dia10 x 1 cm
Augur
Augur tool is used to bore th hole in the agriculture land. It is similar to drill bit. Its
cutting blade is made in heical shape. The soil will comes out through the sprial
blade. It is also called as earth augur. It is operated by means of electrical motor
which run at high speed.

Fig. 4.9 Augur Tool

Specifcation:
Material : Fe410
Tensil strength : Min. 410 MPa
Size : Dia 6 x 10 cm
Application:
Construction
Agriculture
Wood work
Double Pole Double Throw switches (DPDT)
It is one of the electical switch. It is used change the direction of rotation of motor.
It is operated manually. It is used for operating the light, motor etc., It can be
operated by means of pressure,temperature sensors. This switch has 2 input and 4
output.

Fig. 4.10 DPDT circuit Fig. 4.11 DPDT Switch

Specifciation
Pole and Throw: Double Pole Double Throw
Actuator Type: Raised Handle
Voltage: 12V
Current Rating : 5A

Single Pole Double Throw switches (SPDT)

It is one of the electical switch. It is used as a ON/OFF switches. Direction of
current cant be controlled. It is operated manually. It is used for operating the light,
motor etc., This switch has 1 input and 2 output.

Fig. 4.12 SPDT circuit Fig. 4.13 SPDT Switch

Specifciation
Pole and Throw: Single Pole Double Throw
Actuator Type: Raised Handle
Voltage: 12V
Current Rating : 5A

Electrical Motor
 Electirc Motor

DC Motor AC Motor Other Motor

Stepper
Shunt motor Induction motor
Motor
Seperately Brushless DC
Synchronou Motor
Exciteed motor s Motor
Series motor Hystreesis
Motor
Permanent
magnet
Relutance
Compounded Motor
Motor
Universal
Motor

Fig. 4.14 Classification of Electric Motor

DC Motor with speed controller:

It consist of 2 sets of coil one is known as armature winding and another one is or
set of permanent magnet is called as stator. By applying a voltage in armature
winding torque is generated so the motion is obtained.

Stator
It is a statioary part
It is a permanent magnet with two or more poles
Electromagnet create the alternativly magnet field

Rotor
It is inner part which rotate
It consist of armature winding which is connected extermally
Stator and rotor is made up of ferromagnetic materials

Fig. 4.15 DC motor

Winding
It is made up of series and parallel connection
A winding is made up of series or parallel connection of coils.
It is made up of copper .
For speed reduction worm and worm wheel arrngement is attached.
Specifciation
Type: Shunt
Speed: 300 Rpm
Voltage: 12V
Current Rating : 3A
AC Motor
The single-phase induction motor is used for refrigerators, drills, washing,
compress ors, water pumps and etc.

Fig. 4.16 AC motor

There are two coils one is primary coil and another one is starting coil. These are
connected in perpendicularly. The stator is made up of laminated iron
Specifciation
Type: single phase induction
Speed:1440 Rpm
Voltage: 220-240 V
Current Rating : 3A

Chain and sprocket:

It is one of the transimission device. In this transimission no slip will occur. It is
used for transimitting power in medium and long distance.

Fig. 4.17 Chain and Sprocket

Characteristics
Effeciency is high
Cost competiteve
High stiffness
Low bending
In chain bush and pin are made by cold drawn or turned and grounded. To
withstand the wear resistance case hardnening is done. The pin and bush are press
fitted
Battery
 battery is a device which convert the chemical energy into electric engery. it is
maintainence free battery. it has two terminal positive and negative terminals.
Ampere- hour is a unit related to energy store capacity of the battery

Fig. 4.18 Battery

Specifciation
Type: Lead acid
battery
Voltage: 12 V
Current Rating :
7.6A

4.5. CONSTRUCTION
It consist of MS frame with handle for easy accessability. In bottom of the frame it
has axle in which the rubber wheel is mounted. It has a cross memberance which
hold the seed box. In the handle it has DPST and SPDT. In bottom of the frame the
flatener is attached which is used to close the digged hole.
 Fig. 5.1 Seed Sowing machine Stage-1

In the seed box it has small punch in which is seed is carried from box and droop
the seed in the hole. This shaft is attached to the bearing fixed in bottom of seed
box. It has the gear mechanism which is used for speed reduction of DC motor.
SPDT switches is connected with this DC motor.

This DC motor get power from the 12V battery. It has another cross member in
which the drill setup is fixed. In this for drill feed mechanism it has a lead screw
and nut, the both end of the lead screw is connected with bearing.
one end of the lead screw get power from the DC motor. for up and downward
direction is controlled by means of DPDT switch. The drill machine is connected
with lead screw mechanism by C-clamp with help of fasteners. The augur tool is
connectedto the drilling machine. The DC motor get power socure from the 12 V
battery.

In front of the the drilling mechanism another plughing mechanism is attached. It

is used for fresh soil from the bed. It is rotary type plughing mechanism is
attached. It has the shaft which both ends are supported by journal type bearing. In
one end of the shaft it has the sprocket is attached , which used for driving the
shaft.

Fig. 5.2 Seed Sowing machine Plough arrangement

The shaft has 3 plough tool which is arranged in 120 equi spaced. Like this 3
parallel plough tool is attached at 1.5" spacing.
 Fig. 5.3 Seed Sowing machine Stage-2

Picture to be change

Fig. 5.4 Seed Sowing machine

The rotary shaft is driven by AC motor through sprocket mechanism. It get power
from main supply.
Thus frame is fabricated by means of ARC welding and motor are connected in to
the frame by fateners.All the wire are routed by means of sleeve wich is tied to the
main frame.
4.6. WORKING
In this project it has 2 DC motor and 2 AC motor. One AC motor is used for rotary
plough which is connected to the rotary plough by help of chain and sprocket. The
input of the motor is directly connected to main, when switch is ON the motor
rotates the plough which ploughs the land.

One more AC motor is connected with augur tool which is used for dribbling the
land. The input of the motor is directly connected to main, when switch is ON the
motor rotate the augur tool which drills the land.

One DC Motor is used for control the depth of the drill in the land with help of
lead screw mechanism. It has DPDT switch which reverse the current of the DC
motor so the motor rotate forward and reverse, While forward motion the drill feed
into the land, While reverse direction the drill outward from the land. This get
power source from the 12V battery.

One DC motor is used for seed sowing. It has the SPDT switch while ON the
switch the motor rotate the shaft it has small depression which carry the seed and
drop in the digged hole.

It has the flattener which is attached at the frame, when the trolley moves the
flattener will close the digged hole by loose soil. The trolley will be operated by
manually
4.7. DESIGN PARAMETER

1. Force extracted on the lead screw

Motor Power, P- 0.25 HP

Required Speed-100 Rpm
Power, P- 2 NT/60 W

Where,
N- Speed
T- Torque

Torque, T- P*60/(2N) W
= 0.25*746*60/(2*3.14*100)

=17.82 Nm

Torque, T- F*D

Where,
F- Force Exerted
D- Diameter of shaft

Shaft Diameter, D-19 mm

Force- T/D
=17.82/19
F =935 N

Force extracted on the lead screw, F= 935 N

2. Force required drilling the ground

 Motor Power, P- 0.25 HP
Required Speed-300 Rpm
Power, P- 2 NT/60 W

Where,
N- Speed
T- Torque

Torque, T- P*60/(2N) W
= 0.25*746*60/(2*3.14*300)

=5.94 Nm

Torque, T- F*D

Where,
F- Force Exerted
D- Diameter of shaft

Drill Diameter, D-40 mm

Force- T/D
=5.94/19
F =445.45N

Force required drilling the ground, F= 445.45 N

 5. EXPERIMENT AND VALIDATION
The Semi-automatic seed sowing machine was taken for experiment. By ON the
switch of the rotary ploughing the rotary plough, Plough the land. By ON the
drilling machine for dribbling and ON the DC motor the drilling is done on the
ploughed land to the specific depth. Then ON the Seed sowing motor the seed is
dropped in the digged region. Then by moving the trolley the digged region is
filled with loose Soil.

TESTS AND RESULTS

Time taken for ploughing : 20 Sec

Time taken for dribbling : 30 Sec

Time taken for seed sowing : 5 Sec

Time taken for closing digged hole : 5 Sec

Thus the results are satisfied when compared to manual ploughing process and
seed sowing process.

6. CONCLUSION
Thus the design and fabrication of seed sowing machine, which reduce the man
power, which is used for ploughing, dribbling, seed sowing. It also reduces the
effort of farmer. This process the seed sowed in proper depth. It is cost
competitive. Seed spillage is avoided.

It is portable in size and can be easily transportable. It is simple in construction. It

is easy to maintenance. It is user friendly. This project use electric power source so
Nosie free operation. It can be used small agriculture land. It also used for form
house agriculture. It can be used for multi cropping purpose

In this project both ploughing and dribbling process is done so the upper layer of
soil will goes down and fresh soil will comes up. So the crop will yield more
productivity.

7. OPPORTUNITY

1. The seeds can be placed at proper depth.

2. Mixed cropping can be easily done.
3. It maintains the proper row spacing.

4. The seeds can be placed at proper depth.

5. Mixed cropping can be easily done.

6. It maintains the proper row spacing.

7. Due to small size machine is portable. And can also be used in small area.

8. Cost efficient.

9. Reduce Man Power.

FUTURE SCOPE

1. This project can be used as a grass cutter, by replacing the augur tool by grass
cutter. By this it is used as double purpose.
2. By usage of servo motor or stepper motor the process can be automated so it
will reduce the further effort of farmer.

3. Usage of multi-hopper, seed sowing can be done side by side for large farm

4. Using remote control process this device can be made automatic without human
intervention.

5. By adding the fertilizer spraying process complete feature will incorporated.

REFERENCE

Journal
International Journal of mechanical engineering and Technology (IJMET)
International Journal of Advanced Agricultural Sciences and Technology
International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology Research
(IJSETR)
Book
Design of machine Element RS Kurmi
PSG Design Data Book
Robert L. Norton, Machine Design, (4th Edition), Prentice-Hall, 2010
Bhandari, V. B. (2007), Design of machine elements (2nd ed.), Tata McGraw-Hill

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